TALON Not LIMITED oe ABERDEEN N.D.E. CENTRE, UNIT 9, MURCAR COMMERCIAL PARK DENMORE ROAD, BRIDGE OF DON, ABERDEEN AB23 8JW TEL : +44 (0) 1224 822251 FAX: +44 (0) 1224 822252 EMAIL : info@talonndt.co.uk LIQUID PENETRANT INSPECTION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LEVELI COMPANY REGISTRATION No. 1745631 51 1 31 1 51 2 52, 2 52 2 32 3 53 3 53 3 33 4 54 4 54 4 54 5 55 5 35 3 55 6 56 6 56 6 36 7 57 7 37 7 37 8 58, 8 58 8 58 9 59 9 59. 9 59. 10 60, 10 60 10 oo it OL i 61 1 61 12 2 12 62 12 a 13 63 13 63 3B @ 4 64 i4 64 14 64 15 65 15, 65 15 6 16 66 16 66 16, 66 a7 Gi 7 67 7 67 18 8 18 & 18 or 19 O) 19) oo 19. i) 20 70 20 70 20 70, 2 Tt 24 Tt 21 nt 22 7. 22. 72 22 72. 23 7B 23 B 23 B 24 74 24 74 24 74 25 75 25, B 25 1 26, 76 26 76 26 76. 27 7. 27 71 27 7. 28 78 28 78 28 78 29 79 29 7D 29. 2p 30, 80 30, 80 30, ED 31 81 31 81 3t a1 32, 82 32 82 32, 82. 33 83, 33 83, 33 83 34 Bt 34 et 34 Bt 35 85 35 85 35 85 36 86 36 86 36 86 37 87 37, 87 37. 87, 38 88 38, 88 En ES 39 89 39 89 39 89 40 90 40 90 40 90 41 m4 at on at ot a2 92, 42, 92, 42 92 43 93 43 93 43 93, 44 94 44 94 44 94 45 95. 45 95 45 95 46 96 46 96 46 96 47. 7 a7 97 47 oF 48 98 48 98 48 98 49 99. 49 99 49 99. 50 100 50 100) 50 100Level I Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Method ‘Which one of the following conditions will affect the rate and the extent a liquid penetrant will enter cracks, fissures, and other small openings? a. the hardness of the specimen being tested b, the surface condition of the specimen being tested «. the color of the penetrant G. the conductivity of the specimen being tested AGS ‘Which ofthe following is a commonly used classification for penetrant? . post-emulsifiable penetrant nonferrous penetrant . chemical etch penetrant nonaqueous penetrant eoee AG2 A generally accepted method for removing excess nonwater-wwashable penetrant is: , repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner b. soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water c. blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the past with compressed air d. wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner-dampened cloth AG-19 All ofthe following parts can be tested by the liquid penetrant method except: . an iron casting an aluminum forging . a part made from a porous plastic material 4 part made from a non-porous material Which of the following discontint by the penetrant test method? a, a surface crack b. a subsurface crack c. an intemal inclusion 4. none of the above AGL 10. ‘Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetrant testing? a. sand blasting b. wire brushing . grinding . vapor degreasing AGS All of the following methods are commonly used to clean parts prior to penetrant testing except a. vapor degreasing ». liquid solvent ¢. power wire brushing 4, alkaline cleaner AG-5 Cutting oils may be effectively removed from parts before panetrant testing by: 3. preheating vapor degreasing washing with water . all ofthe above D.i0s ‘The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is: metal filings oil detergents (from cleaning) water A733 Black light, with a proper functioning filter in place, used for fluorescent penetrant inspection can cause permanent damage to: ‘a, human tissues b. human eyes cc. human blood cells . none of the aboveLiquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 11, All ofthe following basic inspection principles apply to the penetrant methods except: 1. the penetrant must enter the discontinuity in order to form an indication b. indications low when illuminated with a black light c. allonger penetration time is required for smaller discontinuities 4. if the penetrant is washed out of the discontinuity, an indication will not be formed by that iscontinuity AGS 12, Subsurface discontinuities can be best detected by: 2. the post-emulsification penetrant method b. the visible dye penetrant method ¢. the fluorescent, water-washable penetrant method none of the ebove AGL 13, Visible penetrant may be applied by: a. brushing b. spraying c. dipping 4. all ofthe above D234 14, The first step in conducting a liquid penetrant test on a surface that has been painted is to: a. carefully apply the penetrant over the surface ». completely remove the paint c. thoroughly wash the surface with a detergent . wire brush the surface to roughen the smooth surface coating of paint AGG 15, When using a post-emulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply the emulsifier: a. before applying the penetrant b. after the water wash operation . after the dwell time has elapsed 4. after the development time has elapsed A69 16, When conducting a water-washable liquid penetrant test, the wet developer is applied: ‘2, immediately after the penetrant has been applied b. immediately before the penetrant is applied . after removal of the penetrant 6, after removal ofthe emulsifier F33 18 19, 20. 21. ‘The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the penetrant in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleed-out uid penetrant for increased contrast and ty, is known as: a, blotting b. capillary action «. concentration 4. attrection F.25 Using a black light lamp with a cracked filter or without the filter in place can cause damage to human eyes because the lamp emits: biack light ultraviolet light infrared light none of the above eoge ATAT ‘The term used to define the period of time in which the test part is covered with penetrant is: a. waiting time ’. soak time (Grain time) ¢. penetration time (dwell time) 4. bleedin time A63 Usually, the most desirable method of removing excess water-washable penetrant after the dwell time is by using: a low pressure coarse water spray ‘water and brush . a solid stream of water water and clean rags epee AGT ‘When conducting a liquid penetrant test using a post- emulsifiable visible dye penetrant, the generally accepted method for applying the wet developer is by: a. brushing b. swabbing c. dipping 4. spraying AG-IT22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 21, Which of the following characteristics does not apply to liguid penetrant testing? a. this method can accurately measure the depth of a crack or discontinuity b. this method can be used for on-site testing of large parts . this method can be used to find shallow surface discontinuities d. this method can be made more or less sensitive by using different penetrant materials AB2 Which of the following discontinuities is most likely 10 be missed due to improper rinse techniques? a. a forging lap b. deep pitting ¢. shallow and broad discontinuities 4. the rinse technique will not affect the detection of scontinuities AGS ‘When conducting a fluorescent penetrant test, @ commonly used technique for assuring that the ‘excess penetrant has been removed prior to the application of a developer isto: blow compressed air over the surface .. chemically etch the surface blot the surface with absorbent paper . scan the surface with a black light AGT Which of the following surface conditions could have a detrimental effect on a liquid penetrant test? . a wet surface 5. ¢ rough weld . an oily surface all of the above A66 Liquid penetrant testing is capable of detecting: 2. intergranular stress corrosion cracking discontinuities b. discontinuities open to the surface cc subsurface discontinuities ¢. all of the above ¥20 Black light equipment is required when penetrant testing by: a, the fluorescent penetrant method b, the visible dye penetrant method . the non-fluorescent penetrant method 4. all of the above. A624 28. 30. 31. 32. 33. Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I ‘The term used to define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is: a. saturation b. capillary action ©. blotting d. wetting agent Fat Excess penetrant (all penetrant except that which is in discontinuities) is removed from the specimen: a, after the required penetrant dwell time has elapsed b. before the application of an ersulsifier if a post- ‘emulsifier penztrant is used ¢, by means of a steam cleaner ¢. only when water-washable penetrants are used Ft ‘When using a postemulsifiable penetrant, the ‘emulsifier time should be: a. as long asthe penesrant dwell time b. half the penetrant dwell time the same as the developer time 4. only as long as necessary to remove th background terfering F.38 ‘When an inspector is working in a darkened area, he/she should become adjusted to the dark before inspecting parts. The generally accepted time period for becoming accustomed to the dark is: a. | minute b. 5 to 10 minutes ©. 1010 15 minutes 4. no waiting period is necessary D.126 ‘When applying penetrant by dipping, heating the penetrant prior to dipping: ‘2 will increase the sensitivity of the test b. will increase the capillary accion of the penetrant , will increase the stability of the penetrant d. is not generally recommended A734 A penetrant inspection cannot find: 2. surface porosity b. surface cracks «. an internal cavity d. a surface forging lap AGLLiquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level 1 34 35. 36. 38. All of the following materials can be tested by the 39. usual liquid penetrant tests except: 1. unglazed porous ceramic ium ¢. high alloy steel 4. castiron Liquid penetrant testing can be used to detect: 40. 1. discontinuities 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) below the surface b. internal discontinuities €. discontinuities open to the surface 4. all discontinuities AGL ‘Which of the following are commonly accepted methods for applying penetrant? a. dipping the part in penetrant (dipping) b. pouring the penetrant over the test specimen flowing) ¢. spraying the penetrant on the test specimen (spraying) 4. all of the above 4. F322 A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen ‘must possess all of the following characteristics, except that the: 1. cleaner must be capable of dissolving oils and ‘greases commonly found on the surface b, cleaner must not be flammable c. cleaner must be free of contaminants 4. cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface 42. Dadt ‘Which of the statements below best states the danger of sandblasting (without subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? a. the discontinuities may be peened over and closed b. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities ¢. the sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the discontinuity 4. the sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities 43, ABS 10 ‘The penetrant applied to the surface of a test specimen: 4, seeps into discontinuities b. is absorbed by discontinuities «, is drawn into discontinuities by capillary action 4. is drawn into discontinuities by gravity Fai Which ofthe following statements concerning liquid penetrant testing is correct? 4. fluorescent penetrants will produce red against white discontinuity indications b. nonfluorescent penetrants require the use of black lights ¢. fluorescent indications will be seen when exposed to black light 4. nonfluorescent discontinuities glow in the dark for easy viewing and interpretation A62 When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a test specimen: . the penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from discontinuities », sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an interfering background c. the use of a solvent-dampened cioth is a common method of penetrant removal 4. all of the above F.23-24 ‘The most widely accepted method for removing excessive water-washable penctrant from the surface of a test specimen is by: a. using a wet rag b. using a water spray rinse ©, washing the part directly under water running from a tap 4. immersing the pest in-water AG ‘The inspection of a test specimen for discontinuities should take place: a. immediately after the developer has been applic b. any time after the developer has been applied c. after the developer has been on the test specimen for the proper development time G. immediately after the rinse operation 3344, » 45, 46. . 41, 48. Which ofthe following is an advantage of visible 49. dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants? a. visible dye penetrants do not require black light b. visible dye penetrants are more sensitive than Aluorescent penetranis ¢. visible dye penetrants are superio: characteristics 4, visible dye penetrants are not toxic while penetrating fluorescent penetrants are toxic 50. F31 ‘The terms “dry,” “aqueous wet,” and “nonaqueous wet” are used to describe three different types of: a. emulsifiers b. cleaners «. developers 4. penetrants F26 51. ‘Which of the following is a true statement concerning the application of a standard temperature ppenetrant to a test specimen while the specimen is hoe? 4. the penetrant is likely to become entrapped in the specimen as it cools b. the test will be less sensitive than when the penetrant is applicd on cool specimen ©. there is no difference in applying penetrant to a heated specimen and a cool specimen 32. 4. the penetrant may be heated to the point where some of the penetrant’s constituents are driven off, ‘causing volatile fumes and leaving a residue on the surface AT34 Which of the following is not a generally accepted method for applying penetrants? 53. rubbing the penetrant over the surface >. brushing the penetrant on the part spraying the penetrant on the part dipping the part in the penetrant A.6-2,7, 13, 19 ‘Which of the following is the most commonly used method for removing nonwater-washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of a test specimen? 54. a. dipping in a solvent b. spraying . hand wiping 4, blowing A619 iL Liguid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Which of the following is an acceptable method for applying wet developers? . application witha soft brush - application with a hand powder bulb rubbing with a saturated cloth . spraying or dipping A6-7,15 ‘When using solvent-removable penetrants the excess penetrant may be removed by: 2 dipping the part in solvent b. spraying the part with water and a solvent . rubbing the part with a wet rag 4. wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been dampened with solvent A619 While conducting a penetrant test, all ofthe following health precautions should be applied except: a. keeping the work area clean », washing any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as possible c. keeping penetrant off clothes 4. washing any excess penetrant from skin using, gasoline AT35 Which of the following surface contaminants cannot bbe removed by cleaning parts in a vapor degreaser? a. grease b. rust c. heavy oil . soluble oil 466 Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it important to ensure that the surface of the par is free of a. oil or grease b. acids or chromates , waces of water all of the above 6-6 ‘When performing a penetrant test using a post- emulsification penetrant, which of the following is the most critical with respect to proper timing? a. dwell time b. developing time c. emulsification time 4. drying time AGI?Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 55. Which of the following is the most likely result ofan 60. ‘excessive emulsification time when penetrant testing with post-emulsification penetrants? 1a. 2 large number of nonrelevant indications could appear on the part b. shallow discontinuity indications could be lost ©. excess penetrant could remain after the wash operation 6, the emulsifier could harden, preventing the developer from blotting the penetrant in 61. discontinuities ASS 56. In penetrant testing, developers should be able to perform all of the following functions except: 3. blotting penetrant from discontinuities . aiding in providing an image of a discontinuity. adding fluorescence to penetrants helping control bleedout 62, AGS 57. Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing? 2, penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material b, penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities . penetrant testing cannot be used on non-metallic 63. surfaces 4. penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities D224 58, In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to inspection is often referred to as the: a. emulsification time b. development time c. dwell time 64, 4. none of the above A615 59, Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test that ccan be used for: 4. locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities ina test specimen b. locating and determining the length, width, and 65. depth of discontinuities in a test specimen ¢. determining the tensile strength of a test specimen 4. locating discontinuities open to the surface AGI 12 ‘When conducting a penetrant test using fluorescent penetrant, black light equipment is required to: ‘a, cause the penetrant to fluoresce b. aid the normal capillary action characteristics of a penetrant cc neutralize excess penetrant on the surface 4. decrease the surface tension of the part AG-2 ‘The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant from a test specimen is primarily determined by: a. the surface roughness of the specimen b, the type of material being tested c. the length of penetration time 4. all of the above A619 ‘Which of the following is a type of developer used in penetrant inspection? a dy b. aqueous particulate c. non-aqueous particulate 4. water-soluble e. all ofthe above F26 ‘When penetrant resting pans, the temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. If the partis ata low temperature when tested, the: a penetrant may become viscous ». penetrant may evaporate very rapidly . color intensity of the penetrant will decrease d. penetrant will tend to adhere to the surface of the . part AST If apartto be penetrant tested is first heated to a high temperature, the penetrant: a. may become viscous ’b. may “flash” or evaporate very rapidly «c. may lose some of its color brilliance 4. will better show discontinuities AST Penetrants may be classified or subdivided by the method used to remove excess penetrant. Which of the following is a proper classification in accordance ‘with this statement? a. nonsolvent-removable b. vapor-degreased c. brush-removable 4. water-washable66, 67. 68. 69. 70. ‘The problem with retesting a test specimen that has. 71. been previously tested using liquid penetrant is that ‘a. the penetrant may form beads on the surface b. the dried penetrant residue left in discontinuities may not readily dissolve and the retest may be misleading «. the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance ¢. none of the above are correct statements D.128 Which of the following conditions will decrease the 72. life of a black light bulb? a. line voltage fluctuations . dust on the face of the bulb ¢. changes in room temperature . all of the above A716 ‘When a penetrant is applied to a part by submerging the part in a penetrant bath, the part must: a. remain in the penetrant bath during the entire penetration time b, remain in the penetrant bath forat least one-half 73. the penetration time c. remain in the penetrant bath only long enough to ensure thatthe surface is covered with penetrant 4, not remain in the penetrant bath for a period more than $ minutes A6-7 Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing? 4. a. developers are normally highly fluorescent b. developers often furnish a contrasting background during inspection «. developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities after the rinse operation has been completed d, developers may be either wet or dry AG2 75. Which of the following statements is true? a, sandblasting is a generally accepted method for ‘cleaning a surface that is to be penetrant tested b. parts should be heated prior to the application of a penetrant «. ifthe dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of the penetrant 4. development time should be at least twice the penetration time AT34 13 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I ‘When using a wet developer: 1. a thick layer of developer is beter than a thin layer for showing very fine cracks b. compressed air should be used to remove excess developer ¢, a black developer will show beter contrast than 2 white developer 4, a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks ASS Which of the following statements is false? 2, sandblasting is not a recommended method for preparing for a penetrant test ». itis not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to penetrant testing because the penetrant is basically an oil «. vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the surface of the part to be penetrant tested 4. a voltage regulator should be used with a black light if the line voltage fluctuates A6-6 A ted against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when: a. dry developers are used b. visible dye penetrants are used «. fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used 4. wet developers are used AG2 Which of the following can be removed from the surface of a test specimen by vapor degreasing? a. oil b. paint «. phosphate coatings 4. oxides A6-6 ‘The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen isto: 4. promote penetration of the penetrant b, absorb emulsifier residues . absorb penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background ¢. help to dry the surface for better observation 25Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 6. 71. 2B. v. 80. Which one of the following statements is an incorrect 81. use of crack panels (blocks)? a. to establish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as needed b, to determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants ¢. to determine if a penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on fluorescent penetrants because of contamination 4, to determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to remove penetrant on the surface without removing it from the cracks A724 Which of the following is generally accepted asthe 82. most important precaution when using water- ‘washable penetrants? 1. be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse operation b, be sure that the recommended dwell time is not exceeded , avoid over-rinsing the part 4. avoid over-application of emulsifier 83, F33 Which of the following is generally accepted as the ‘most important precaution when using solvent- removable penetrants? a. do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier ’. do not apply an excessive amount of solvent ¢. do not use an insufficient rinse pressure 4d. be sure to use a black light to determine if the excess penetrant has been rinsed away 4. subsequent corrosion of the surface b. difficulty in the application of developer c, excessive bleed-out 4. excessive background fluorescence F32 85. ‘Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when handling penetrant materials? a. prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be avoided because the oil or solvent base may cause skin iritation b, excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled ¢. air-line respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all times 4. because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process are flammable, this material Should be kepaway fom open flames 14 How long must a part be kept wet with penewant before the removal process is started? a. it varies depending on the type of penetrant used, the type of material to be tested, the sensi desired, and the type of discontinuities to be detected b. since the penetrant will penetrate a discontinuity of any size in a matter of seconds, the removal process should start as soon as possible after the penetrant has been applied ©. 3 minutes 4. 10 minutes 32 Which of the following factors will affect resolution of penetrant indications? a. the sensitivity of the penetrant materials used by the surface condition of the part c. the temperature of the part and or/penetrant 4. all ofthe above A85,6,7 A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an excessive over-concentration of developer powder can cause: a. a loss of fluorescence during the inspection operation », nonrelevant indications ¢. cracking of the developer coating during the drying operation 4, none of the above A729 ‘What could happen if a person looks directly into a black light? a. it will cause permanent damage to the eyes ». it will possibly cloud the vision of the person looking into the light fora short period of time «. it will cause temporary total blindness 4. none of the above ATAT \ When using dry developer, the drying operation is performed: a. immediately after removal of excess penetrant b. before the inspection step ¢. thoroughly . all of the above D104, 105, 11986. 87. 98. 89. 90. 91. ‘The failure to completely remove acid materials from 92, a part before fluorescent penetrant is applied will result in: a decrease in the fluorescence of the penetrant a need to double the penetrating time a permanent stain on the part |. all of the above D.78 Penetrantis applied to a part by dipping, The partis 93. then placed on a rack while the penetrant seeps into discontinuities. If the penetration time is too long, will be difficult to rinse the penetrant from the part. IE this happens, the normal rinsing properties can be restored by: it 2, chilling the part to a temperature of 4°C (40 ’. heating the part to a temperature of 54 °C (130 °F) c. redipping the part 94. d. applying a wet developer before attempting to rinse the past AGT ‘When drying parts during a penetrant test the parts: 2, are normally dried at room temperature », are normally dried by acirculating hot-air dryer . should be dried in an oven set ata temperature of 54°C (130 °F) 4, should be dried by cool forced air F32 95. The contamination of a water-washable penetrant with an excessive amount of water wil: 4. reduce the penetrating quality of the penetrant b. adversely affect the washability of the penetrant c. both a and b are correct d. neither anor b are correct AT34 96, ‘Which of the following penetrant methods requires w/o source of electricity? a. the water-washable fluorescent penetrant method b. the post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant method . the visible dye penetrant method <4. none of the above A618 When using 2 fluorescent penetrant, the actual 97 inspection must be performed: a. ina brightly lighted room ', with the part ata temperature between 10 and 79°C (125 and 175 °F) ¢. immediately after the developer has been applied d, in darkened area under a black light A617 15 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Which of the following penctrants can be used when inspection must take place under ordinary lighting tions? . visible dye penetrant . water-washable fluorescent penetrant . post-emilsification fluorescent penetrant any of the above a b. ©. 4, A6-18 All ofthe following materials can be effectively tested with liquid penetrant except: a. aluminum b. unglazed ceramics 4. magnesium AGL Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing method? 1, the liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production inspection of small parts b. liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks . the liquid penetrant test method is a relatively simple test method 4, the liquid penetrant test method is effective at any temperature AT34 A good penetrant must do all of the following except: a. be able to readily penctrats very fine openings b. evaporate very rapidly . beable to remain in relatively coarse openings 4d. be easily removed from the surface after testing ATS Which of the following is not a property of a developer used in liquid penetrant testing? a. the material must be absorbent b, the material must form a thin and uniform coating over a surface ¢. the material must be fluorescent if used with fluorescent penetrants 4. the material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the operator Fs IF improperly used, developers: 1, may obscure indicstions b. may be difficult o remove . may become contaminated 4. all ofthe above D.95, 98, 123,EA STN RT Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I 98. Color-contrast penewants are commercially available in which of the following variations? normal solvent clean type water-wash type . post-emulsification type all ofthe above aoep F24 99, Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? a, penetrant on the test table b. penetrant on the hands of the inspector . contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant 4, all of the above D377 100, Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is: a. not required ', important because if the partis not clean, the developer cannot be improperly applied ©. essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant from gaining access to discontinuities 4, required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications A66 101. When using fluorescent water-washable penetrant, adequate rinsing of the partis assured by: timing of rinse cycle scrubbing of part surface rinsing under black light J. using high pressure air with water A6-7 102. What can happen if a part processed by visible dye ppenetrant inspection is reprocessed by the fluorescent ppenetrant method? 4, developer may remain on the surface causing background b, most visible dyes kill fluorescence ¢. penetrants are not compatible d. interpretation will be difficult D240 103. A suitable filter must be used at al times over a black light bulb because: a. too much white light will be present ifthe filter is not in place b. the human eye may be damaged without it ¢. the filter filters out undesired wave lengths 4. allof the above 203-204 104. A good commercial pesetrant should have a a. low flash point ». bigh flash point c, medium flash point d, flash point is not 2 factor to be considered a3 105. A material that is applied over the film of the penetrant on the surface of a part, mixes with the ppenetrant, and enables the penetrant to be washed off the surface is called: a. an emulsifier b. a penetrant ©. adeveloper 4. an isomer p32 106. The time allowed for the penetrantto enter: discontinuities that may be present isthe: a. emulsification time b. application time c. penetration time d. drain time D32 107. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally considered to be the least sensitive? a, water-washable — visible dye b, solvent removable — visible dye c. water-washable — fluorescent dye 4. post-emulsification — visible dye D222 108. In penetrant examinations, the phase of the process requiring the greatest skill and most experience of the operator is: a. pre-cleaning b. establishing the emulsification time ¢. interpretation of results 4. penetrant removal D374 109, The best choice of a developer for use on a very smooth surface when using a fluorescent penetrant would be: a, dry — fluffy b. dry — regular ©. wet 4. none of the above D102 16110, IL 112, 3. ua, 415. ‘The purpose of an emulsifier isto: 4. combine with the penetrant to make the resultant mixture removable by a water rinse b. assist the blotting action of the developer ¢, increase the penetration of the penetrant into fine discontinuities 4, eliminate false indications Es12 Developer assists in the detection of liquid penetrant indications by: 2, providing a clean surface b, providing a contrasting background ©. providing adry surface ¢. emulsifying the penetrant Bad Liquid penetrant examination can detect all of the following types of discontinuities except: 2 forging lap seam . asurface crack subsurface porosity E26 ‘Whatis the most universally used black light? incandescent lamps metallic carbon ares . tubular “BL” fluorescent lamps . enclosed mercury-vapor arc lamps peep ATIZ Which of the following processes would be most sensitive to detecting very fine defects? a. Gil-and-whiting process », water-washable fluorescent process . postemulsification process 4. water-emulsifiable visible dye penetrant process 46-23 ‘When using the post-emulsification fluorescent process, which of the following methods cannot be used? a. dipping the part in the emulsifier b. spraying the part with emulsifier ©. pouring emulsifier over the part 4, brushing emulsifier on the part AGL 16. 17. 18. 119, 120, 7 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method, Level I Which of the following would be the most desirable center wavelength for the output of the light source used in fluorescent processes’? . 3200 A (320 nm) 3650 A (365 nm) 5200 A (1520 nm) 5650 A (565 nm) ATIZ Bleed-out of penetrant from a cold shut is an example of; a false indication a nonrelevant indi a uue indication i. none of the above peep E61 ‘Which of the following accions is likely to result in 2 Joss of sensitivity in the liquid penetrane examination? a pre-cleaning test specimen with a vapor degreaser », applying penetrant by immersion rather than spraying ¢. reprocessing a specimen which has already been ‘examined by liquid penetrant examination method d, using a post-emulsifiable penetrant rather than a solvent removable penetrant D.128 Liquid penetrants become sluggish and lose sensitivity at temperatures: a, above 38 °C (100 °F) », bevween 10 and 38 °C (50 and 100 °F) ©. below 10°C (50°F) d. below 21 °C (70°F) E324 ‘Why is it possible to flush a surface with a coarse water spray to which a water-washable penetrant was applied, remove the excessive penctrant, and not remove the penetrant that is in the defects? a, the liquid will not wash the penetrant from the defects because the penetrant has to be drawn out by the developer b. the nature of a water-washable penetrantis such that water will not dissolve the penetrant: it has to push the penetrant off the surface, which is why a spray is used. . the Water droplets are relatively large and will not enter most defect openings a water spray should not be used; the penetrant should be removed by a cloth dampened with water AGS> Level I Answers Liquid Penetrant Testing Method lob 31. b 6l. a ol. d 2a 32. 4 62. e 92. a 3d 33. ¢ 63. a 93. b 4¢ 34. a 64. b 94. d 5. a 35. ¢ 65. d 95. b 6d 36. d 66. b 96. ¢ Te 37. b 67. a 97. d 8b 38. a 68. ¢ 98. d a 39. ¢ 6. a 99. d 10. d 40. ¢ 70. € 100. ¢ ll. b 41. d 71. d 101. ¢ 4 2b Dm» 102. b Bd Bc Bb 103. d 14. b 44. a 74. a 104. b > 15. ¢ 45. ¢ 5. 105. a 16. ¢ 46. d 7 a 106. ¢ 17. a 47. a Tc 107. a 18 b 48. 78. b 108. ¢ 19. ¢ 49. d 79. d 109. ¢ 20. a 50. d 80. ¢ 110. a 216d Sl. d 8l. a lll. b 22. a 52. b 82. d 112. d 2 e 53. a 83. ¢ 113. d 24. d S4. ¢ 84. b 114. ¢ 3. a 55. b 85. d us. d 26. b 56. 86. a 6 b 27. a ST. d 87. ¢ 1l7. ¢ 28. b 58. b 88. b 118. ¢ 2. a 50. d 89. ¢ 119. ¢ 30. d 50. a 90. ¢ 120. ¢ 19