Name: De Vera, Arlene Veralo L.
Score:
Quintero, Christy T.
Sibbaluca, Zoe Meizeil A.
Class Schedule: 9:30-10:30 MWF Date: 29 September 2019
Activity 1: Read the account of Fr. Antonio Mozo as cited on the
previous page. As supplemental reading, look into the biography
of the author and write the reference you used at the end of the
table.
Context Analysis
Title of the original source:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898: Volume
XLVIII Missions of the provinces of Ilocos and Pangasinan in general
Original language of the document: Spanish
Language used in translation: English
Translator (if applicable):Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson
Author’s Name: Fr. Fray Antonio Mozo
Relevant information about the author that would link the author
to the primary source:
The document was recorded and composed by a Spanish priest and
secretary of one of the missionaries(Fray Manuel Carrillo), Rev. Fr.
Fray Antonio Mozo in his Noticia histórico natural (Madrid, 1763);
he presents [much valuable information regarding those people, whose
first contact with European civilization was mainly found in their
intercourse with those missionaries. This begins, for the Italons
(now called Ibilao) and Abacas in 1702, when the Augustinians
attempt to christianize them—with fair success, considering the
wildness and ferocity of those people.
Date of writing and/or Publication of the original document:1751-1765
Place written: Madrid, Spain
Author’s purpose for writing the document:
Mozo’s purpose of writing the document is to narrate the
progress of the missions to make a village of converts or to simply
make the natives accept Christianity. He also devotes much of his
space to accounts of the wild tribes and their peculiar customs and
beliefs, “It is to report the explorations by early navigators,
descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and
records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books
and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and
religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations
with Spain.”
Social milieu around the time that the event occurred and was written
(what was happening in history when the document was written?)
The social milieu around the time that the document was written
is that even though there are tribes or groups of people inhabiting
the Philippines in the early times, they don’t have a religion and
are uncivilized. Around the time of Spanish pre-colonization, Spanish
missionaries were tasked to convert these natives into Catholics.
While some complied, some did not.
Content Analysis
What is the main topic of the document?
The main topic of the document is the wild tribes inhabiting
Philippines during that time and their peculiar customs and beliefs
as well as the missions of the provinces of Ilocos and Pangasinan in
general(the mission of Spanish priests/missionaries to make a village
of converts synonymously converting these natives to Catholics)
Enumerate the tribes or groups of people mentioned in the article and
write a statement about how they were described by Mozo.
Igolot
- lives in about thirty leguas from the confines of Pampanga and
Ilocos
- extensive and populous
- maintains their own dialect
- cruel and barbarous
- caste of Chinese people (resembles the Chinese in light color,
in terms of eye shape and gracefulness of their bodies)
- their fierceness and cruelty is unequaled
- they go about naked
Tinggian
- lives in about forty leguas from the confines of Pampanga and
Ilocos
- extensive and populous; not less populous than Igolots
- maintains their own dialect
- obstinate and are more tractable
- gentle and more industrious; maintain a more civilized
condition
- more open to religious teachings and united with Christians
but refused to allow a religious to live among them.
Apayao
- lives in about thirty leguas from the confines of Pampanga and
Ilocos
- extensive and populous; thousands in number
- surpasses Igolots in cruelty, bloodthirstiness and barbarism
- has barbaric customs and cruel superstitions at funerals
- kills other people at the death of a prominent person
Adang
- has fewer people
- less powerful
- dwell in places almost inaccessible
- maintains their own dialect
- sufficiently obstinate and are more tractable
Heathens
- has barbarous customs
- don’t give burial to any of their dead
- has the custom of creating a bonfire about the corpse, dance
around it, remain beside it for days and inter food and gold
to the corpse for his/her journey.
Chinese
Israelites
Greeks
Romans
If there are any, what are the personal biases, suspected errors or
misleading statements of the author that showed up in the document?
According to Mozo, Igolots’ only desire is to take captives in
order to have slaves for their service and kill whoever they
encounter. Thus, without a strong escort, one cannot pass except
with great danger.
Their natives are often harassed by the Igolots and even if they
arm themselves, they are not safe from the fury of these
‘savages’
The Apayao tribe is so dangerous that they continuously placing
a thousand ambushes in the roads in order to exercise their rage
on the wretches without sparing anyone. They also kill anyone at
the death of a prominent person believing that the dead delight
in human blood.
The Apayao also assemble armed men to go down the mountains and
hide in the bush woods as after they spot a person, they
immediately attack them with fury and kill them with their
javelins on the spot as well as behead them.
Heathens remain ten, fifteen or twenty days with the corpse even
when it emits a stench and it is already swarming with maggots
References:
Hellingman, J. (2017). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898: explorations by
earlynavigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, theirhistory
and records of the catholic missions, as related incontemporaneous books and
manuscripts, showing the political, economic,commercial and religious
conditions of those islands from theirearliest relations with European
nations to the close of the nineteenthcentury, Volume XLVIII, 1751–1765.
Retrieved 29 September 2019, from
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54740/54740-h/54740-h.htm
