Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Entering in Senior High School is much difficult than Junior High School more on

paper works, research, and individual or group activities. Daily allowance plays a major

role in student's academic performance. Everyday, students are preparing for more

expenses. Students experience unsustainability of their allowance that may affect their

academic performance. The amount of the allowance which may affects their

performance in or out of the school.

Daily allowance is the amount of money that a student is entitled to on a daily

basis. It is one of the resources for buying the needs of each student. Most of the

students get their allowance from their parents and parents’ money earned as salary

from their work. Higher family income may have a good contribution in academic

performance, but for the responsible and serious students, low family income must not

be an excuse for poor performance (Adzido, Dzogbede, Ahiare, Dorkpah, 2016).

The concept of academic performance has become a source of concern to

researchers, especially academic performance was engaged in the daily allowance of

every students. This study attempts to examine and observe the correlation between

daily allowance and academic performance among Grade 12 students in Laguindingan

National High School.

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Theoretical Framework

To have a guide towards explaining Correlation Between Daily Allowance and

Academic Performance Among Grade 12 Students in Laguindingan National High School.

The researchers will use important theories which also introduce the main variables of

the study. The socio-econimic is the basis to the amount of daily allowance.

According to Okioga (2013) having a better socioeconomic status (SES) has a

advantages to afford the needs of students for academic performance; Low socioeconomic status

will have lower test score so socioeconomic status had the greatest impact on the test score. The

effect of socioeconomic status on students performance result revealed that parents education,

occupation and facilities at home affects the student achievement (Saifi and Memood, 2011).

One of the studies from a secondary school level revealed that socioeconomic status

(SES) and parents' education have a significant effect on students' overall academic achievement,

as well as achievement in the subjects of Mathematics and English. The achievement of students

is negatively correlated with the low SES level of parents because it hinders the individual in

gaining access to sources and resources of learning (Duke, 2000).

Conceptual Framework

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 This study tends to determine the correlation between Daily Allowance and

Academic Performance among Grade 12 Students in Laguindingan National High School. In

Figure 1, the independent variables of the study is the type of allowance these include Sufficient:

the amount of allowance is enough to sustain the needs of students. Insufficient: the amount of

daily allowance is cannot sustain the needs of students that may affect their academic

performance. This paper presents that the following variables significantly affect the grade 12

students' academic performance, which is the dependent variable of the study.

Schematic Diagram

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 Independent Dependent

Types of Allowance Academic Performance

 Average Grade
 Sufficient
 Insufficient

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram showing the relationship of the independent and the

dependent variable of the study.

Statement of the Problem

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 The study aims to determine if the average daily allowance affects the

academic performance of the Grade 12 students in Laguindingan National High School.

Specially, this study attempts to answer the following question:

1. What are the profile of the Grade 12 students in Laguindingan National High School-

Senior High School in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Family monthly income

1.4 Amount of daily allowance

1.5 Average Grade

2. What is the profile of the respondents when group according to types of allowance in

terms of:

2.1 Sufficient Allowance

2.2 Insufficient Allowance

3. Is there a significant relationship between daily allowance and the academic

performance?

Hypothesis

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 H0, there is no significant relationship between the average daily allowance of

the students and their academic performance.

H1, there is a significant relationship between the average daily allowance of the

students and their academic performance.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to determine The Average Daily Allowance and Its Effect to the

Academic Performance Among Grade 12 Students in Laguindingan National High School

Year 2019-2020. Further it aims to provide essential information and may prove

beneficial to the following.

To the Teachers. It help teachers to gain information regarding the allowance of

the students and how their allowance affects their academic performance in school. This

will also serve a guide for them on requesting projects involving money. Teachers should

continue to guide and keep the students reminded that despite of their socioeconomic

status they should still have the drive and determination to perform well in school.

To the Parents. To give an idea to them that the amount of allowance they gave

to their children had a great impact in their academic performance. They must be more

updated of the activities and other school program attended by their children. This study

can inform them as to how much allowance is enough for their children to use for their

needs in their chosen course.

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 To the Students. This study will help them to realize that no matter what amount

of allowance they have they should keep striving in school.

Scope and Limitations

This study analyzed and discussed the correlation between daily allowance and

academic performance. The focus of the study was only the Grade 12 students of

Laguindingan High School. The data to be used in the study was taken from the main

target of the research which is the selected students.

Definition of Terms

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Academic Performance. It refers to measured by the final grade earned in the strand. It

also means being an achiever student who does well in school and engages in student

activities.

Allowance. It refers to the amount of money that is given to a Grade 12 students of

Laguindingan National High School.

Budget. It refers to an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time.

Money. It refers to the important source to provide all needed like spending the research,

photocopy, print papers and etc.

Sufficient.

Insufficient.

Outstanding.

Very Satisfactory.

Satisfactory.

Fairly Satisfactory.

Below.

Chapter II

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 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Yhis chapter shows the supporting theories of the study. In this study the main

themes will be addressed through analysis and research that will help in understanding the

Correlation Between Daily Allowance and Academic Performance.

Factors of Allowance

According to a study conducted by bank financial institutions, youths fork

over a money to buy cellphone load, to play computer games at internet cafes and to buy

cigarette and alcohol. They also spend money on going out and on clothes and accessories

( TJ Manotoc, ABS-CBN, 2015). It stated that students had more expenses as modernized

technology emerged. They tend to buy what they wanted to without even thinking the

consequences that might affect in their allowances. Thus students temp to buy things that

aren't important.

During the Progressive Era ( 1890's- 1920's), allowance advocates

recommended giving children a regular but fixed supply of money to inculcate respect

for money. However, despite the benefits gained by the students of having a allowance

daily, there are still problems and disadvantages present in the views article of ABS CBN

News stated that students spend a bulk of their allowance on mobile phone load, foods

and transportation. Maximizing a daily allowance is indeed hard. It takes a lot of

discipline and efforts and may require small changes in daily life style.

Children coming from poverty environment are not provided the same

privilege as the wealthy; they are entering schools already behind those not living in

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similar conditions. According to Li-Grining (2007), research suggests that the problem

starts with the parents and their lack of education and understanding of the needs of

children. Many individuals who might have done this nation proud in different fields have

been forced into uninspired careers due to unavailability of finance resources. Such

individuals are forced to stay out of school and made to engage in hawking, selling

packaged drinking water and the like so as to save money for their school expenses. Most

of the time, they cannot afford instructional materials, and are always at the mercy of

examiners during the examination period. The persistence of this in life of an individual

pupil may spell doom for his academic success.

According to an article in Philstar.com 2018, It stated that the frequency

of giving the allowance is another issue. Students who lived with their parents usually

receive their allowances daily or weekly. Students who move to study away from their

homes receive their weekly or monthly. Consider the cost in terms of time and

transactions charges when deciding the frequency of remitting allowance for children

who live away from home.

Importance of Allowance

According to Godfrey 2013, an allowance is not an entitlement or a salary. It is

a tool for teaching children how to manage money. It is stated that allowance is an amount

of money give. It is a need for teenagers where they can save up to their wants or daily

needs. It will teach you how to manage in terms of buying your needs over wants.

Allowance is not just for a teen's financial assistance. It can also help them to

learn the necessary things when it comes to money management. According to

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McCurrach, the purpose of an allowance is to give your children the opportunity to learn

how to manage money through their own successes and failures. It means that if parents

allow their children to have an allowance and give them the permission to spend it, they

will encounter different situations involving money.

(Thompson 2007), Parents can teach their children money management where

they set up personal savings accounts for their teen. Depositing clothes and money into an

accounts that a teen can manage while some can help their child planning their budget

monthly that can help organizing expenses. It is stated that parents plays an important role

in managing and budgeting their children's money. So parents has a huge factor in terms

of teaching their children in budgeting money.

For most students, college represents a crash course on how to manage

money and organized a budget. If a students has never paid for their living expenses, the

experience can be often frightening and overwhelming. Stick to a budget while at collage

to enjoy the life without sacrificing comfort or taking a way from the experience (Frazier

2015). It have been stated that budgeting aren't about on organizing and managing money

properly but also thinking of the consequences in buying stuff that aren't essential.

Caldwell 2017 cited that budget is clearly the key to succeeding financially.

Students think that a way to pay for college is students loans, but there are other options

like scholarships, financially aid or work options. Some can take investigating and

budgeting. As a student there are also other things to spend on, it can be wants or needs

not just school supplies. Most people recommended parents to have a long term planning.

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It says that there's a lot of options to take for and as a student we need to be practical for

us to comply the things that are needed.

According to Felipe (2007) “A lot of students seem to want what is the “in”

trend , what people are doing or using “right now”. Most teens will usually have one or

two sources of income, either allowance from their parents or a job. The answer to this

question is’nt found by looking at the income of the family or social status, it’s more a

way of living and rearing that the parents have given their children".

Academic Performance

Academic performance is defined or regarded as participants‘ examination

grades at the end of a given duration (term, semester, programme). It could also be seen as

the level of performance in a particular field of study. Higher scores indicate better

academic performance (Egbule, 2004).

According to Wikipedia (2013), academic performance is the outcome of education; it is the

extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals. Thus

performance is characterised by performance on tests associated with coursework and the

performance of students on other types of examinations (Kyoshaba, 2009).

The Significant Relationship between Daily Allowance and Academic Performance

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 It has been observed that the falling academic standards and the influencing

factors include the socio-economic background of the parent. Owing to the present

economic situation in the country, many poor parents are forced by circumstances to

saddle the young ones with chores like hawking wares, clearing the house and doing other

menial jobs around the house before going to school and after school hours. Domestic

chores like these no doubt help to train the children and make them realize that they can

and should contribute their own quota to the general upkeep of the family. However, when

parents and guardians burden their children with work excessively, leaving little or no

study time for their children, their school work is bound to suffer (Akanle 2007).

Literature points out that poor financial status affects academic performance,

mental and physical well-being, and even their ability to find employment after graduation

(Bodvarsson and Walker, 2004, p. 490; Lyons, 2003, p.70; Lyons, 2004, p. 28).

Through education, the students are able to learn specific skills, such as

literacy, quantitative abilities, problem solving, and logical reasoning, this contributes

towards the development of professional skills and abilities (Ford, 2011). The children

residing in the conditions of poverty experience low academic achievement.

Bhat, Joshi, Wani (2016) supported the latter claim that socio-economic

status is the significant factor in academic achievement. Thus, the higher level of socio-

economic status shows a big contribution toward the quality of student achievement

(Farooq, Chaudry, Shafiq and Berhanu, 2011). Academic achievement carry out primary

significance in the context of an education system, intend a successful scholastic

achievement of the students and human resources improvement at the high level. In

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addition, adolescents having high and middle socio-economic status excel in academic

performance than adolescents having low socio-economic status (Singh and Choudhary,

2015). Socio-economic status of the students have an impact to their academic

achievement. Students having a high socio-economic status have a good exposure and

surroundings giving a good result as compared to low socio-economic status (Chandra

and Azzimudin, 2013).

Pupils from low economic background who attend poorly funded schools do

not perform as well as pupils from higher economic classes (Eamon 2005). This trend is

posing huge problems to parents, government, political parties and stakeholders in

education.

In news article, Ocampo (2015) said that the students of a lower socio

economic status often face additional challenges including a dearth of learning resources,

difficult learning condition and poor motivation that negatively affect their academic

performances.

In the ABS CBN social media page, Duplito (2013) posted that students

maximizing a daily allowance take effort and discipline and may require small changes in

daily routine.

Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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 This chapter presents the research approach on conducting the study which

consist of research design, research setting, research respondents, research instruments,

data gathering procedure, categorization of variables, statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

The researchers used a descriptive- correlation design to determine the important

relationship between the daily allowance of the students and their academic

performance which is the main objective of the study. This design used a survey

questionnaire that have been distributed to the respondents of this research.

Research Instrument

To gather data and to determine the effects of Daily Allowance to Academic

Performance of Grade 12 students, the researchers used Survey Questionnaire as

research instrument in gathering data and information from the respondents.

Research Setting

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 This study would be conducted in Laguindingan National High School. Specifically

Senior High School Department. It is a four-storey building which is consist of 20

classrooms to accommodate the learners of the following strand namely: Humanities and

Social Sciences( HUMSS), Accountancy Business and Management (ABM), Technical

Vocational and Livelihood (TVL)

Figure 2: Laguindingan National High School (LANHS) map.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this research are the 150 Grade 12 students in the Senior High

School of Laguindingan National High School who are randimly selected. The researchers

gathered 10 females and 10 males from HUMSS A, 10 females and 10 males from HUMSS

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B, another 10 females and 10 males from HUMSS C, 12 females and 8 males from ABM,

20 males each from EIM A & B, 5 females and 10 males each from TVL A & B.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers asked permission from the school principal to allow the

researchers to conduct this study with the 150 Grade 12 students as their respondents.

Survey questionnaire were given to them. After the questionnaire were answered, the

researchers gathered questionnaire to the respondents. If the respondents are done

answering the questions, their papers will be collected, and the researcher will give their

appreciation to the respondents for cooperating. The result of the collected papers will

be the researchers basis for the analysis, interpretation, findings, conclusion and

recommendations of the study

Academic Performance

Descriptive Numerical

OUTSTANDING 90-100

VERY SATISFACTORY 85-89

SATISFACTORY 80-84

FAIRLY SATISFACTORY 75-79

BELOW 75

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Daily Allowance

For part I questionnaire, question 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 will evaluated using this table.

Disagree 3

Strongly Disagree 2

Agree 1

Strongly Agree 0

For part II questionnaire, questions will evaluated through tally.

Statistical Treatment

1. Demographic Profile of students

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Family monthly income Mode

1.4 Amount of daily allowance

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 1.5 Average Grade

2. Types of allowance in terms of:

2.1 Sufficient Mode

2.2 Insufficient

3. Relationship between daily allowance

and the academic performance

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