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Endocrine System (Lab Notes) Pineal Gland:: Melatonin

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormone production and secretion from various glands. Key glands include the pineal gland which regulates sleep and fertility through melatonin, the hypothalamus which regulates the pituitary gland and reproductive hormones, the pituitary gland known as the "master gland" which regulates growth and stimulates other glands, the thyroid gland which regulates metabolism, and the adrenal glands which regulate stress response and electrolyte balance through hormones like cortisol and aldosterone.

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Hazel Mae Tapia
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312 views4 pages

Endocrine System (Lab Notes) Pineal Gland:: Melatonin

The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormone production and secretion from various glands. Key glands include the pineal gland which regulates sleep and fertility through melatonin, the hypothalamus which regulates the pituitary gland and reproductive hormones, the pituitary gland known as the "master gland" which regulates growth and stimulates other glands, the thyroid gland which regulates metabolism, and the adrenal glands which regulate stress response and electrolyte balance through hormones like cortisol and aldosterone.

Uploaded by

Hazel Mae Tapia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

(Lab Notes)
PINEAL GLAND: Located in the middle part of the brain (deep/area called epithalamus)
HORMONES:
 Melatonin
 Regulates sleep pattern
 Regulates female hormone (fertility, menstrual cycle, protection from
cardiovascular disease)

HYPOTHALAMUS: Located at the base of the brain near pituitary gland


HORMONES:
ANTERIOR PART:
 Corticotropin
 Involved in the body’s response to physical and emotional stress
 Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
 Stimulates the pure Pituitary Gland to produce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
 Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GNRH)
 Important in the reproductive system for the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
and Luteinizing Hormone, and Growth Hormone
 Oxytocin
 Importan in child birth and lactating women
 Vasopressin
 Regulates water level in body
 Somatostatin
 Responsible for the Growth Hormone
MIDDLE PART:
 Growth Hormone (GHRH)
 Development of the body

PITUITARY GLAND (Master Gland): Found at the base of the brain


HORMONES:
ANTERIOR PART:
 Prolactin
 Responsible for the mammary gland to produce milk
 Growth Hormone (GHRH)
 Regulates the physical development of the body
 Adrenocotricotropin (ACTH)
 Stimulates the adrenal glads to produce cortisol and other hormones
 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
 Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine
 Luteinizing Hormone
 Stimulates testes to produce sperm; ovaries to produce egg
 Follicle Stimulating Hormone
 Stimulates testes to produce sperm; ovaries to produce egg
POSTERIOR PART:
 Oxytocin
 Important in child birth and lactating women
 Vasopressin
 Regulates water level in body

THYROID GLAND: Neck


HORMONES:
 Triiodothyronine (T3)
 Metabolism
 Thyroxine (T4)
 Metabolism

PARATHYROID GLAND: Four tiny glands located in the neck


HORMONES:
 Parathyroid hormone
 Responsible for breakdown of Calcium

THYMUS: Behind sternum and between the lungs


HORMONES:
 Thymosin
 Development of the T-lymphocytes
 Immunity

ADRENAL GLANDS: Located on top of both kidneys


HORMONES:
 Adrenaline
 “Fight or Flight” response
 Capable of increasing heart rate and blood pressure
 Aldosterone
 Regulates blood pressure, particularly electrolytes in the body (Sodium and
Potassium level)
 Cortisol
 Helps the body use fats, carbohydrates and proteins in the body
 Regulates blood pressure
 Increase blood sugar
 Decrease bone formation
 Suppress inflammation
PANCREAS: Lies alongside stomach and the small bowel
HORMONES:
 Insulin
 Lowers blood sugar level
 Glucagon
 Increases blood sugar level

OVARIES: Opposite ends of the pelvic wall on either sides of uterus, each attached to the
fimbriae
HORMONES:
 Estrogen
 Instrumental in breast development and fat distribution
 Development of reproductive organs
 Progesterone
 Prepares uterus for menstruation

TESTES: Within scrotum, which is the loose pouched skin that hangs outside the body,
behind the penis
HORMONES:
 Testosterone
 Necessary for the physical development of males
 Promotes libido, muscle strength, and bone density
MALE REPRODUCLIVE SYSTEM

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