Role of a Designer
• The person designing is called a
designer, which is also a term
used for people who work
professionally in one of the
various design areas, usually
also specifying which area is
being dealt with (such as a
fashion designer, concept
designer or web designer).
• Adesigner's sequence of
activities is called adesign
process.
• The scientific study of designis
called design science.
• Designers are usually
responsible for developing
the concept and making
drawings or models for
something new that willbe
made by someone else.
• Their work takes into
consideration not only how
something will look, but also
how it will be used and how it
will be made. There can be
great differences between the
working styles and principles
of designers in different
professions.
Some examples are
• Automotive designer,
• Architecturaldesigner
• Landscape designer
• costume designer,
• fashion designer,
• game designer,
• graphic designer,
• industrial designer,
• interaction designer,
• interior designer,
• jewellery designer,
• It is essential for adesigner
to have the following
1. Good Understanding of
technologies relevant to
his field
2. Good Thinking, different
approaches to problems
3. Technical expertise
4. Well developedAesthetic
appreciation
THEARCHITECT’S ROLEASA
DESIGNER
• The architect as a designer must keep in mind
that his loyalties should lie with the client.
• The architect must be capable of thinking in
the following ways.
1. Rational thinking
2. Intuitive /creativethinking
3. Value judgments
4. Spatial ability
5. Communication skills
• The architect as
designer must have
– Highly organized mental
process
– Manipulating many
kinds of information
– Blending them all into a
coherent set of ideas
– Finally generating some
realization of thoseideas
TYPESOFDESIGNCLASSIFICATION
There are four distinct ways of generating the
three dimensional form, interior spaces and the
spaces around the buildings. These are listed in
a chronological order of application
1. Pragmatic Design
2. Iconic design
3. Analogic Design
4. Canonic Design
1. PRAGMATICDESIGN
• Pragmatic design is simply
– the use of available materials and methods,
– Without innovation.
• For pragmatic design to be useful the designer must be
well versed in established techniques, and understand
their strengths and weaknesses.
• Such an approach to the selection of building
materials, constructional techniques or structural
systems may be seen as essentially conservative and
unlikely to lead to any dramatic failure.
• The pragmatic design was one ofthe earliest ways of
building
• Ex: Mammoth hunter’s tent
Traditional Morocco tent
• Ex: Siberian tent
• The mammoth hunter’s tent reveals a certainprofound
truths about the nature of architecture.
• It suggests that the first way of achieving three
dimensional built forms was by trial and error, taking
the availablematerials and putting them together in a
way which seemed to work.
• Once a building form became established, it was often
used substantially in the same form for thousands of
years.
• This is true, certainly of the mammoth hunters tent
which as a building form seems to been extensivelyin
Europe for a period of over thousand of years.
2. ICONIC DESIGN
• By using iconic techniques designers might begin
with an existing design and modify it to meet the
new conditions.
• Although it is possible to argue in favors of such
an approach, it seems to have two quite basic
flaws.
– Firstly it could perpetuate errors as well asprevent
new mistakes,
– Secondly it just does not sit comfortably with the
psychological style of creative individuals who wishto
be original rather than begin a process with another
designer's solution.
• Ex: Igloos
3. ANALOGIC DESIGN
• The designer is encouraged to use
analogies from other fields or contexts
to create a new way of seeing the
problem in hand.
• Such a tactic is in fact well established in
the literature on creative problem
solving. Designers too have reported the
use of analogy in their thinking. It is not
unusual to find the more or less explicit
use of organic forms in architecture
probably because of their structural
economy and elegance.
• Analogic Design with or without the use
of design analogues, is still the most
potent source of creative ideas in
architecture.
• Ex: Frank Lloyd Wright
described a number of
examples in connection
with his work.
• Water Lilies or mushrooms
– Structural units of the
Johnson Wax company
tower
• His own hands in prayer
– Unitarian Meeting house
• Ex:Le Corbusier also drew extraordinary
range of analogies
Shell of aCrab -Ronchamp Chapel
4. CANONICDESIGN
• Canonic design is the use of rules such as planning grids,
proportional systems and the like.
• The classical architectural styles and their renaissance
successors offered opportunities for such anapproach.
• For some designers, it may be a matter of personality-lack
of confidence in their own ability to make judgment of this
kind; they look for the authority of a geometric system.
• Certainly a proportional system will provide the designer
with authority for a great many decisionsabout the shape
of a figure, the size and shape of a façade, a window, a
doorway and so on, which otherwise woulddepend on his
own personaljudgment.
Palladio's "Villa Rotunda"
• Ex: EgyptianCanons
• There is evidence that Egyptian archaeologists of 600 B.C or so
penetrated deep into Djosers tomb and measured the wall relief’s,
deriving from them a proportional system which later came into
general use.
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Grand Palais, Paris
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