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PERSONALITY THEORIES
Name:______________________________________ Date:_______________ Score:__________

1. At this stage of moral development, children follow rules when it is in his immediate interest. What is good is what
brings pleasant results.
a. Punishment and Obedience Orientation c. “good boy-good girl" orientation
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and Social Order

2. The child’s judgments on this stage are based on sources of authority who are close by and superior to himself- usually
the parents. The child relies on the physical consequences of some actions to decide whether it is right or wrong.
a. Punishment and Obedience Orientation c. “good boy-good girl" orientation
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and Social Order

3. This stage of moral development is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There is an emphasis on
conformity, being "nice," and consideration of how choices influence relationships.
a. Punishment and Obedience Orientation c. “good boy-good girl" orientation
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and Social Order

4. People at this stage focus on doing their duty, respecting authority, following rules and laws. The emphasis is less on
what is pleasing to particular people (compared to stage 3) and more adhering on to a complex of set of regulations.
a. Punishment and Obedience Orientation c. “good boy-good girl" orientation
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and Social Order
5. At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people. Rules of law are
important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.
a. Legalistic Social Contract c. Universal ethical principles
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and social order

6. This final level of moral reasoning is based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people
follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.
a. Legalistic Social Contract c. Universal ethical principles
b. Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange d. Law and social order

7. In this level of moral development, children shift judgments based on external consequences and personal gain to
judgments based on rules or norms of a group to which the child belongs whether that group is family, friends, church
or nation.
a. Pre-Conventional Morality c. Post-conventional morality
b. Conventional Morality d. Ethical morality

8. In this level moral development, a new kind of personal authority emerges in which individual choices are made, with
individual judgments based on self-chosen principles.
a. Pre-Conventional Morality c. Post-conventional morality
b. Conventional Morality d. Ethical morality

9. What are the two basic needs of a child according to Carl Rogers
a. Positive Regard and Self-Image c. Positive Regard and Ideal Self
b. Positive Regard and Self-Worth d. Positive Regard and Self-Interest

10. This is "a discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the individual insofar as it
represents that experience.”
a. Congruence c. Conditions of Worth
b. Incongruence d. Conditional Positive Regard

11. This is a concept in which the child realizes that things continue to exist even when no longer present to the sense.
a. Conservation of Matter c. Egocentric
b. Object Permanence d. Sensorimotor
12. In the three concept of self, this is what we think about ourselves. Rogers believed that this developed in early
childhood and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father.
a. Self-Worth c. Ideal self
b. Self-Image d. Self-Interest

13. This is the image who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and ambitions in life, and is dynamic – i.e. forever
changing.
a. Self-Worth c. Ideal self
b. Self-Image d. Self-Interest

14. This method involves removing obstacles so the client can move forward, freeing him or her for normal growth and
development. It emphasizes being fully present with the client and helping the latter truly feel his or her own feelings,
desires, etc.
a. Client-centered c. Diagnosis
b. Person-focused d. Humanistic

15. The central idea of this approach is that if the practitioner is empathetic, accepts the client with unconditional positive
regard, and is genuine in his/her respect for the client, positive change will occur.
a. Rogerian approach c. Freud’s approach
b. Jung’s approach d. Bandura’s approach

16. Being warm and caring client-social worker relationship is the cornerstone of social work practice. This is his central
influence to social work values.
a. Abraham Maslow c. B.F Skinner
b. Carl Roger d. Carl Jung

17. It means to capture exactly what clients are consciously feeling and wishing to communicate, evoking in the client
reaction of “Yes, that’s exactly it.” A concept of person-centered approach.
a. Conditional positive regard c. Empathy
b. Unconditional positive regard d. Therapy

18. In question to his theory, researcher suggests that young children are competent in many cognitive tasks earlier and
have more conceptual ability that the stage theory predicts.
a. Carl Jung c. Aines Worth
b. Jean Piaget d. Bronfenbrenner

19. He believed that a person’s development was affected by everything in their surrounding environment. He divided the
person’s environment into five different levels.
a. Carl Jung c. Aines Worth
b. Jean Piaget d. Bronfenbrenner

20. This system is closest to the person and the one in which they have a direct contact. This is the most influential level of
the ecological systems theory.
a. Microsystem c. Chronosystem
b. Mesosystem d. Exosystem

21. It consists of the interactions between the different parts of a person’s microsystem.
a. Microsystem c. Chronosystem
b. Mesosystem d. Exosystem

22. It refers to a setting that does not involve the person as an active participant, but still affects them. An example would
be a child being affected by a parent losing their job or receiving a promotion at work.
a. Microsystem c. Chronosystem
b. Mesosystem d. Exosystem
23. One of the issues of today is that there is an existing “gay genes”, which explains that gays are actually born that way
just like that aggressive behaviour causing abuse can be justified by “behavioural genes”. This concept is linked on what
theory?
a. Ecological systems theory c. Nature theory
b. Physiological theory d. Nurture theory
24. It holds that genetic influence over abstract traits may exist; however, the environmental factors are the real origins of
our behaviour.
a. Ecological systems theory c. Nature theory
b. Physiological theory d. Nurture theory
25. The conscious removal from consciousness of intolerable negative self-concepts.
a. Regression c. Suppression
b. Repression d. Reactive Formation

26. Persons who hate mess, obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful to authority are a retentive act of what stage?
a. Oral stage c. Phallic stage
b. Anal stage d. Genital stage

27. Sensitivity is concentrated in the genitals and masturbation becomes a new source of pleasure on what stage?
a. Oral stage c. Phallic stage
b. Anal stage d. Genital stage

28. This is the male aspect present in the collective unconscious of women.
a. Anima c. Shadow
b. Animus d. Persona

29. This is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men.
a. Anima c. Shadow
b. Animus d. Persona

30. These people prefer their internal world of thoughts, feelings, fantasies, dreams and so on.
a. Extroverts c. Ambiverts
b. Introverts d. Socioverts

31. These people prefer the external world of things and people and activities.
a. Extroverts c. Ambiverts
b. Introverts d. Socioverts

32. The following are functions of the personality typology according to Jung, except.
a. Thinking c. Sensing
b. Feeling d. Judging

33. According to this theorist, humans have one basic motive- that is the tendency to self-actualize.
a. Carl Jung c. Abraham Maslow
b. Carl Rogers d. Sigmund Freud

34. In the expanded hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow, which of the following is not included?
a. Growth needs c. Aesthetic needs
b. Cognitive needs d. Transcendence needs

35. According to Maslow, this is the need to help others to achieve self-actualization.
a. Growth needs c. Aesthetic needs
b. Cognitive needs d. Transcendence needs

36. In classical conditioning, this is the initial stage of learning when a response is first established and gradually
strengthened.
a. Acquisition c. Spontaneous recovery
b. Extinction d. Stimulus generalization

37. This is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke the similar responses after the response has been
conditioned.
a. Acquisition c. Spontaneous recovery
b. Extinction d. Stimulus generalization

38. This is the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response.
a. Acquisition c. Spontaneous recovery
b. Extinction d. Stimulus generalization

39. This happens when the occurrences of a conditioned response decrease or disappear. In classical conditioning, this
happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
a. Acquisition c. Spontaneous recovery
b. Extinction d. Stimulus generalization
40. This is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an
unconditioned stimulus.
a. Discrimination c. Spontaneous recovery
b. Extinction d. Stimulus generalization

41. When you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, what is the
unconditioned stimulus?
a. Feeling of hunger c. Food
b. Smell of the food d. Bell

42. When you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, what is the
unconditioned response?
a. Feeling of hunger c. Food
b. Smell of the food d. whistle

43. When you smell one of your favorite foods, all the time, you also heard the sound of a whistle so when you hear the
sound of the whistle, you immediately feel very hungry. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?
a. Feeling of hunger c. Food
b. Smell of the food d. whistle

44. When you smell one of your favorite foods, all the time, you also heard the sound of a whistle so when you hear the
sound of the whistle, you immediately feel very hungry. In this example, what is the conditioned response?
a. Feeling of hunger c. Food
b. Smell of the food d. whistle

45. This behaviorism technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response.
a. Classical conditioning c. Stimulus conditioning
b. Operant conditioning d. Reinforcement

46. This experiment of Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson wants to further show that emotional reactions could be classically
conditions in the people.
a. Skinner box c. Bobo doll
b. Little Albert d. Rabbit box

47. "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take
any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select -- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief
and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his
ancestors." Who is the theorist who said this famous line in behaviorism?
a. Burrhus Frederick Skinner c. Ivan Pavlov
b. Albert Bandura d. John B. Watson

48. This method of learning is also known as instrumental conditioning and it occurs through rewards and punishments for
behavior. Through this, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
a. Classical conditioning c. Reinforcement
b. Operant conditioning d. Social learning

49. An example of this schedule of reinforcement is when a child receives a “three star mark” on her hand for every five
words spelt correctly.
a. Fixed ratio reinforcement c. variable-ratio reinforcement
b. Variable-interval reinforcement d. fixed interval reinforcement

50. Delivering food pellets to a rat after one bar press, again after four bar presses, and a third pellet after two bar presses.
a. Fixed ratio reinforcement c. variable-ratio reinforcement
b. Variable-interval reinforcement d. fixed interval reinforcement

51. Reinforcing a rat with a lab pellet for the first bar press after a 30 second interval has elapsed.
a. Fixed ratio reinforcement c. variable-ratio reinforcement
b. Variable-interval reinforcement d. fixed interval reinforcement

52. Delivering a food pellet to a rat after the first bar press following a one minute interval, another pellet for the first
response following a five minute interval, and a third food pellet for the first response following a three minute interval.
a. Fixed ratio reinforcement c. variable-ratio reinforcement
b. Variable-interval reinforcement d. fixed interval reinforcement
 53. Albert Bandura agrees with the behaviorist learning theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
However, he adds two important ideas:
a. Mediating process occur between stimuli & responses
b. Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning
c. Self-actualization is the key role in fulfilling human’s life
d. Both a&b

54. According to Bandura, individuals do not automatically observe the behaviour of a model and imitate it. There is some
thought prior to imitation and this consideration is called as?
a. Mediational process c. Accommodation process
b. Cognitive process d. Adaptation process

55. Social learning theory has four modeling processes. Which one is not included?
a. Attention c. Reproduction
b. Retention d. Reinforcement

56. In social learning theory, the individuals that are being observed or imitated are called as?
a. Models c. Mediators
b. Imitators d. Behaviorist

57. This experiment of Albert Bandura wants to further show that children imitate the behavior of the people around them.
a. Bobo doll c. Little Albert
b. Skinner box d. Dog laboratory

58. “Bahala Na” is an expression of fatalism in our culture. The Filipino psychologist who corrected this misconception
thereby furthering the improvisatory personality of the Filipino in coping with unpredictable stressful situation is therefore
concluded by ;
a. Z. Lee b. A.V. Lagmay c. S. Padilla d. V.G. Enriquez

59. The principle in the development stages theory defining progress from one stage to the next depending upon
maturation changes, this principle was proposed by;
a. B. F. Skinner b. E. Erikson c. S. Freud d. J. Piaget

60. The author of this perspective which states that the relationship of “good society’ to “good person” is the actualization
of human potentialities under favorable social conditions. This theory is distinguished by ;
a. J. Piaget b. E. Erikson c. C. Rogers d. A. Maslow

61. The system of personality which Freud referred to as the “true psychic reality” represents the inner world of subjective
experiences and has no knowledge of the objective world is identified to as ;
a. Superego b. Ego c. Id d. Ego-ideal

62. Which of the following are described as advantages of the defense mechanism?
I. It serves to ward- off anxiety
II. It may lead to a more consistent and valuable view of one’s self
III. One may learn new ways of behaving by assuming parts of the observed role of others as in identification
IV. The resultant behavior may have a potential value. For example, dangerous impulses may be rechanneled to a much
productive act
a. I, II, III, IV b. II, III, IV c. I & II d. III & IV

63. According to Freud, this is the most important part of the mind and which largely determines human behavior. This
term is labeled to as ;
a. Unconscious b. Humanistic c. Preconscious d. Superego

64. A mechanism that is usually illustrated by a man who has difficulties with his wife. He returned to his parent’s home and
seeks comfort in excessive drinking. This type of defense mechanism is classified to as;
a. Fixation b. Repression c. Reaction formation d. Regression

65. Three of the highly enjoyable tasks during the anal stage are listed. Choose one of the following categories which may
result complexity when terminated before the desired point of the child’s development:
a. Pleasant impression accompanying urination up to age 3
b. Pleasurable sensations accompanying defection restricted by toilet training up to age 3
c. Gratification that arises from genital friction banned threats of punishments up to age 3
d. Bed wetting, soiling or urethral eroticism after age 3

66. A plateau in human development where problems of the first stages become dormant and school becomes important,
this indicates human development known to as:
a. Locomotor-genital b. Latency c. Oral sensory d. Muscular-anal
67. It is well recognized and accepted that a human being is essentially bisexual, Jung described the feminine archetype in
man is known to as :
a. Animus b. Anima c. Animal d. Shadow

68. This is the stage that is most exasperating to parents when the young son/daughter moves away from home to be with
other adult relationships for emotional support. This behavior is classified under what type of developmental stage;
a. Adulthood c. Young adulthood
b. Latency d. Puberty and adolescence

69. A characteristics of the adolescent which is rooted in the developmental need to separate from dependence on one’s
parents is referred to as:
a. Role diffusion c. Counter culture
b. Rebellion against authority d. Identity crisis

70. In Freud’s latency period, the child must settle down to formal education and interest in productive situations and
capacities for work emerges. In the psychosocial development this corresponds to the stage identified to as ;
a. Generativity vs. stagnation c. Initiative vs. guilt
b. Identity vs. identity confusion d. Industry vs. inferiority

71. The school of thought who advocates that behaviors are reinforced or conditioned. Since it is learned, then it can be
modified or unlearned. This applies the theory of ;
a. Psychoanalytic b. Humanistic c. Behaviorism d. Psychosocial

72. He popularized the social learning theory which stresses an observational learning process and which does not require
reinforcement is a theory identified by ;
a. Carl Rogers b. Abraham Maslow c. Sigmund Freud d. Albert Bandura

73. Francine’s parents observed that she is becoming too temperamental, so they go out of their way to make sure that
they do not reward any of his temper tantrums. Describe what learning process is at work?
a. Punishment c. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement d. Observational learning

74. Nene’s parents want her to become more independent, so they encourage her to spend more time around a neighbor’s
daughter who is exceptionally independent. Illustrate what learning process is at work?
a. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement
b. Observational learning d. Negative reinforcement

75. In Bandura’s theory, aside from observational learning, this concept assumes great importance, which results to a child
acquiring some behaviors patterned from one’s parent. This learning is referred to as;
a. Modeling b. Perceived self-efficacy c. Performance d. Goals and plans

76. Raquel’s parents want her to become more conscientious, so they start complimenting her whenever she displays
conscientious behavior. Identify what process is at work?
a. Punishment c. Negative reinforcement
b. Positive reinforcement d. Observational learning

77. The key concept in Rogerian theory illustrates the term known as ;
a. Classical conditioning c. Reinforcement
b. Actualizing tendency d. Operant conditioning

78. Roger’s identified this as the conditions under which a person will experience positive regard.
a. Condition for self-regard c. Condition for self-esteem
b. Facilitating conditions d. Conditions of worth

79. Developing intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civic acceptance takes place between the ages of;
a. 12-18 years old b. 18-35 years old c. 35-60 years old d. 6-12 years old

80. Is the idea that human behaviour is directed toward a future goal of its own making rather than hooked with the past
experiences?
a.) Creative Self c.) Social Interest
b.) Ego d.) Fictional Finalism

81. A stage where right or wrong are determined by rigid acceptance of society’s laws and rules.
a. Punishment orientation c. Authority orientation
b. Social contract orientation d. Good boy, good girl orientation
82. According to Piaget, the primary accomplishment during the first period of cognitive development as early as two
months of age up to 1 year, this development is characterized to as;
a. Ability to imitate b. Memory of sounds c. Concepts about objects d. Language

83. A stage during which people behave morally to win the approval of friends and relatives for being a “virtuous person”
is described to as ;
a. Punishment orientation c. Authority orientation
b. Social contract orientation d. Good boy, good girl orientation

84. Rico has mastered the conservation of both mass and number. On what stage of the development is Rico probably in?
a. Sensorimotor period c. Pre-operational period
b. Concrete operational period d. Formal operational period

85. The child lacks awareness that physical qualities remain constant in spite of changes in shape or appearance. Identify
what stage of cognitive development the child is in?
a. Sensorimotor period c. Pre-operational period
b. Concrete operational period d. Formal operational period
86. Choose the word that defines most nearly the same meaning as congenital;
a. A trait always transmitted in the germ plasma c. A condition dating from birth
b. A characteristics acquired in adolescence d. An inherited physical characteristic

87. From studies made by the PambansangSamahangSikolohiyang Pilipino, the Philippine value structure is classified into 4
major categories known to as ;
a. Surface values, pivot, a core value and socio-cultural values
b. Surface values, societal, culture, spiritual
c. Spiritual, societal, cultural, surface values
d. Societal, spiritual, ethical and core values

88. Mary has an argument with her boss, but remains calm while at work. When she gets home that evening, she yells at her
spouse and children. Which defense mechanism is Mary displaying?

a. Rationalization c. Projection
b. Denial d. Displacement

89. Jessica dislikes public speaking. She stops going to school, changes jobs, and declines most social engagements to
ensure that she does not have to speak in public. Jessica’s behavior is an example of what defense mechanism?

a. Repression c. Avoidance
b. Denial d. Displacement

90. Claire complains about her job duties at work, rarely completes assigned tasks, and is regularly late for work. When she
is fired, she claims it was due to her co-worker badmouthing her instead of blaming it on her own poor work performance.
Which defense mechanism explains Claire’s reaction?

a. Displacement c. Projection
b. Denial d. Sublimation

91. Redirecting unacceptable, instinctual drives into personally and socially acceptable channels

a. Displacement c. Projection
b. Denial d. Sublimation

92. Jess often experiences intense feelings of anger and frustration. In order to cope with these feeling, he enrolls in a
kickboxing class as an outlet for his emotions. Jess’s actions are an example of which type of defense mechanism?

a. Displacement c. Projection
b. Denial d. Sublimation

93. Adopting beliefs, attitudes, and feelings contrary to what you really believe. When you say you’re not angry when you
really are is an example of what defense mechanism?

a. Regression c. Reaction formation

94. Reverting to an older, less mature way of handling stresses and feelings like you and our roommate have get into an
argument so you stomp off into another room and pout.
 a. Regression c. Reaction formation
b. Denial d. Rationalization

95. Bill has been having family problems lately. Whenever his friends approach him and accuse him of having a drinking
problem, he acts like he doesn’t know what they’re talking about and denies the whole thing.

a. Regression c.Reaction formation

96. A person who has just been given a terminal medical diagnosis, instead of expressing their sadness and grief, focuses
instead on the details of all possible fruitless medical procedures.

a. Intellectualization c. Rationalization
b. Undoing d. Denial

97. The unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses. The key is that people do it unconsciously,
so they often have very little control over it.

a. Regression c. Suppression
b. Repression d. Reactive Formation

98. According to Piaget, this is the stage when children demonstrate intelligence through motor activity without the use of
symbols.

a. Pre-operational stage c. Formal operational stage

99. A key concept in Freud’s theory of psychosexual development which ensues if certain issues are not resolved at the
appropriate stage.

a. Anxiety c. Trauma
b. Fixation d. Displacement

100. He believed in introversion and extroversion is integral in the study of personality types.

a. Sigmund Freud c. Erik Erikson