Comparative Study of Using poultry manure and vermi-cast on the

growth and yield of radish

Introduction

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family

Brassicaceae. It is a popular root vegetable in both tropical

and temperate regions. It can be cultivated under cover for

early production but large scale production in field is more

common in India. In Karnataka, radish is grown in 8,278 ha with

a production of 3, 60,093 tones (Anon, 1995).Radish is grown for

its young tender tuberous root which is consumed either cooked

or raw. It is a good source of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and

minerals like calcium, potassium and phosphorus. It has got

refreshing and diuretic properties. In homeopathy, it is used

for neurological, headache, sleeplessness and chronic diarrhea.

The roots are also useful in urinary complaints and piles. The

leaves of radish are good source for extraction of protein on a

commercial scale and radish seeds are potential source of non-

drying fatty oil suitable for soap making illuminating and

edible purposes (George, 1999). Radish is predominantly a cool

season vegetable crop. But, Asiatic types can tolerate higher

temperature than Europe and varieties. Being a cool season crop,

it is sown during winter from September to January in northern

plains. In the mild climate of peninsular India, radish can be

grown almost all the year round except for few months of summer.
It is an annual or biennial crop depending upon the type for the

purpose it is grown (PCARRD, 2009).The growth and yield of

radish greatly depends on soil and climatic conditions.

Different varieties have different soil and climatic

requirements for their optimum performance. Among the agro-

techniques, nutrition is one of the main factors which govern

the growth and yield of radish. Nutrition requirement of the

crop varies with soil type, soil fertility, agro-climatic

conditions and varieties. Being a short-duration and quick

growing crop, the root growth should be rapid and uninterrupted.

Hence, for the production of good quality radish optimum

fertilization through organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers are

essential (Dhanajaya 2007). Vermi-cast or vermi-compost was

identified as the best alternative with regard to industrial and

economic viability. It also proved itself as “natures wonder

product” to restore soil health and nutritional value in food.

The presence of earthworms in soil ecosystems is an indicator of

the well-being of a system. Earthworms has the unique ability to

convert elements such as minerals, nutrients and microbes from

soil or composting systems into an excretion that contains the

vastest amount of plant nutrients, microbes and growth elements

that do exist. The excretion is called vermi-cast or Vermi-

composting.
 It is grown throughout the country, being a quick growing

crop; it is easily grown as a companion crop or inter-crop. It

may also be planted on ridges of the beds, this way vacant area

can be utilized profitably. Radish grown for its tender root

which is consumed either cooked or raw. Radish root develops

from both the primary root and the hypocotyls. Roots vary

greatly in size, shape and other external characteristics as

well as in the length of time they remain edible. Radish is a

cool season vegetable but can tolerate high temperature. The

best quality roots are produced at temperature between 10.0 to

15.5° C. Roots may acquire a repulsive flavor and become more

fibrous and mature early at higher temperature. Radish contains

glucose as the major sugar and smaller quantities of fructose

and sucrose. It is also good source of vitamin- A and C and also

rich source of minerals like calcium, potassium and phosphorus.

Pink-skinned radishes are generally richer in ascorbic acid than

white-skinned ones. The vitamin C content of radish roots is

greatly influenced by light conditions and fertilizer. Leaves

and pods of some cultivars can be boiled and eaten as a

vegetable. It has refreshing, diuretic and cooling properties.

It is also used for neurdogical headache, sleeplessness and

chronic diarrhea. The roots are also useful in urinary

complaints, piles, liver and gall bladder complaints (Hadley.3)

the leaves of radish are good source for extraction of protein

non-drying fatty oil suitable for soap making illuminating and

purposes. Being a short duration and quick growing crop, the

root growth should be rapid and uninterrupted. Hence, for the

production of good quality radish, optimum nutrition through

organic manures is essential for sustainable production. Organic

agriculture practices relay upon recycling of crop residues,

animal manure, farm organic residues and waste etc. in view of

higher cost of synthetic fertilizers and its contribution too

poor health of soil and water it becomes imperative to go for

alternative and cheaper source like organic manures.

Background of the study

Radish is one of the most healing foods possible, and

they’re thrown away. This leaves of the radish the second most

powerful pre biotic there is (next to wild blueberries). Radish

greens hold a plethora of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals

antioxidants, phytochemicals, and cancer fighting alkaloids,

plus the greens possess antibacterial and antiviral properties.

They repair the colon and other parts of the intestinal tract

that have lost the ability to absorb nutrients. Radish greens

nutrition absorbs into the most dysfunctional digestive tracts,

assimilating better than any other food, thanks to their high

not yet documented by scientific study and that allow for the

uptake of nutrients. Radishes are a standout that deserve it’s

on time limelight. If the term “food as medicine” applies to

anything, it applies to radishes. And what makes radishes unique

from other crucifers is that they have two component, defined by

different characteristics. To begin with, there is a root of the

radish plant –what we think of as the radish itself. Overall,

radishes are an immune-system replenisher. When consumed, the

sulfur in radishes repels any type of pathogen and acts as a

wormicide to kill off intentinal worms and other parasites. The

organ sulfides in radishes also keep arteries and veins clean,

creating protective barrier in blood vessels so plaque doesn’t

adhere to their linings. Radishes are incredible heart food,

excellent for helping to prevent heart disease and other

cardiovascular issues in party by increasing good cholesterol.

The skin of the radish repels virtually every type of cancer,

which makes these little root vegetables a go-to food for

helping to prevent the disease. And we can’t forget that

radishes are very restorative for the kidney, liver, pancreas,

and spleen.

Vermi-cast is a process of propagating earthworms for fast

production and sold to customers who use them for the same or
other purposes. Vermi casting otherwise known as vermicomposting

is the process by which worms are used to convert organic

materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material. African

Night Crawlers (ANCs) are the agents used in creating vermi-

cast. It falls under the classification of compost worms which

live on the upper surface of the earth and they eat compost, not

the soil. Earthworm mass is basically a by-product of

vermicomposting.

For organic farming, castings of earthworms also known as

vermicomposting is an excellent soil enhancer and bioactive high

quality fertilizer. This is a good alternative in using chemical

fertilizers and this has been proven in field tests.

Vermicomposting is environment-friendly since earthworms feed on

anything that is biodegradable and it aids the disposal problem.

No imported inputs required given that worms are now locally

available and the materials for feeding are abundant in the

locality. Like market wastes, grasses, used papers and farm

wastes.

Vermi culture and vermi-cast production industry have

potentials in the domestic market especially in Region12 since

it is an agro-based industry area. It now becomes a major

component of agri-business models across the country. It can be

easily produced and maintained by any investor who wishes to

profitable since both the worms and castings are saleable.

Although many effects of vermi-cast are independent of

nutrient availability, vermi-cast also does make two important

nutrients more available to plants: nitrate and calcium. ...

Calcium is vital to plants for building strong cell walls; it

also enhances the absorption of nitrogen. Earthworm produces

feces in form of cast which cement soil particles together. This

improves the soil structure and helps to hold water and

nutrients without dispersing them. Earthworms help to maintain a

good soil structure. Researches have also shown that earthworm's

cast can be used to rebuild the topsoil.

Poultry manure or chicken manure is the organic waste from

poultry composed of mainly feces and urine of chickens. The

mixture of poultry manure with spilled feed, feathers and

bedding materials like wood shavings or sawdust is referred as

poultry litter.

Chicken manure is the feces of chickens used as an organic

fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen. Of all animal

manures, it has the highest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and

potassium.
 The importance of poultry manure it is the most effective

ingredients of among all animal wastages as a measure to soil

amendment and plant nutrient. However excessive amount of manure

for fertilizing the land can be dangerous.

Statement of the problem

Poultry manure and vermi- cast is important to apply in the

plants. This will help to growth our plants especially in

agriculture. This process enables them to record of the

information about poultry manure and vermi-cast.

Generally, this study will be conducted to answer the

question that follow:

1. What are the significant between the poultry manure and

vermi-cast in the plant?

2. How effective poultry manure and vermi-cast in applying in

the radish?

3. How does vermi-cast and poultry manure affect the growth,

weight and length of radish?

Objectives of the study

The main objective of this research endeavor is to find out

the perception of comparative study of using poultry manure and

expected to:

1. To know the significant effect of vermi cast and poultry

manures to the growth of the radish.

2. To determine the effective on how to apply the poultry

manures and vermi-cast in the radish.

3. To know the effect of poultry manure and vermi-cast on the

growth, weight and length of radish.

Significance of the study

The results that will be generated from this study would be

benefit to:

Farmer-The study will benefits on the Farmer to make their farm

improve.

Future farmer- This study will help them to

Community-This study will help the community to become promote

on their products.

Surrounding-The study will benefits on the surrounding to

increase good microorganisms.

Scope and Delimatation of the Study

Plant. On how they growth with a poultry manure and vermi cast.

Locale of the Study

This study will be experimented at David Moises Memorial

High School. Balit Mambusao capiz. During the school year of

2019-2020.

Definition of terms

Plot- An area of land has been measured and is considered as a

unit.

Plant- To put a (seed, flower, or plant) in the ground to grow.

Radish- A small round vegetable that is red or white is eaten

raw in salads and has a sharp spicy taste; also: the plant that

produces this vegetables.

Vermi-Cast-(also called worm castings, worm humus, worm manure,

or worm feces) is the end- product of the breakdown of organic

matter by earthworms.
Poultry Manure- used as an organic fertilizer, especially for

soil low in nitrogen.

Tropical- relating to, occurring in, or used in the topics.

Diuretic-tending to increase the excretion of urine.

Homeopathy- a system for treating illnesses that uses very small

amounts of substances that would in larger amounts produce

symptoms of the illnesses in healthy people.

Ridges- a long area of plant that is on top of a mountain or

hill.