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Evolution of Electronics: 1897-1975

Electronics development began with the invention of vacuum tubes in the late 19th century, which were replaced by transistors after World War II. Transistors used germanium and silicon materials and gained widespread usage. The invention of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s integrated entire circuits onto a single chip, reducing cost, size, and weight of devices. Digital and analog integrated circuits incorporating transistors further advanced computing and signal processing capabilities.

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Lynlie Ann Ebon
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325 views1 page

Evolution of Electronics: 1897-1975

Electronics development began with the invention of vacuum tubes in the late 19th century, which were replaced by transistors after World War II. Transistors used germanium and silicon materials and gained widespread usage. The invention of integrated circuits in the 1950s-1970s integrated entire circuits onto a single chip, reducing cost, size, and weight of devices. Digital and analog integrated circuits incorporating transistors further advanced computing and signal processing capabilities.

Uploaded by

Lynlie Ann Ebon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Brief History of Electronics and Its Development

Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897;
and, after that, a vacuum triode was implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals.
This led to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the world until the
World War II.

Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even
though, this particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky
vacuum tube that would consume high power for its operation. The use of germanium and
silicon semiconductor materials made theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-
acceptance usage in different electronic circuits.

The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that drastically
changed the electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated on a single
chip, which resulted in low: cost, size and weight electronic devices. The years 1958 to 1975
marked the introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several thousand components
on a single chip such as small-scale integration, medium-large scale and very-large scale
integration ICs.

And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed during
1951 to 1958 by improving the device designing process and by making more reliable and
powerful transistors.

Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC development that changed the overall
architecture of computers. These ICs were developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL),
integrated injection logic (I2L) and emitter coupled logic (ECL) technologies. Later these digital
ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design technologies.

All these radical changes in all these components led to the introduction of microprocessor in
1969 by Intel. Soon after, the analog integrated circuits were developed that introduced an
operational amplifier for an analog signal processing. These analog circuits include analog
multipliers, ADC and DAC converters and analog filters.

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