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INDEX
S. no DATE Name of Experiment Page Marks signature
no
1 Safety aspects of
plumbing
2 Cutting and threading of
pipes
3 Study of different pipe
Materials
4 Study of plumbing
components such as valves
,taps ,couplings ,unions
,reducers ,elbows
5 Study of home plumbing
6 Measuring and marking
practice of GI pipes
connection to service line
7 Demonstration of
domestic water service
connections using
Mixed piping
8 Demonstration of
domestic water service
connections
9 Making pipe connection
for turbine and motor
10 Hands on exercise : basic
pipe connection
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3
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EX.NO:1 FIRST AID MEASURES
First of all the doctors must be informed. The person who meets with an
accident should be attended and given first aid.
SAFETY MEASURES:
1. Switch off the motor while doing plumbing work.
2. Make sure that there is no leakage after connecting the pipes and other
pipe layout.
3. Close the gate valve to prevent the water supply from main tank.
4. Use proper tools for plumbing jobs.
5. Always use proper spanners for proper nuts.
6. File should be used with proper handle.
7. Never use chisels with mushroom handles.
8. Never hold your work in hand using screwed driver.
9. Never strike screw driver with hammer.
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EX.NO:2 CUTTING AND THREADING PIPES
AIM:
To form a straight line using PVC and GI pipes.
TOOLS REQUIRED AND OPERATIONS:
S.NO OPERATION TOOL REQUIRED
1 To held PVC pipe Pipe vice
2 For threading Plier set
3 For lightening Spanner
4 For measuring Measuring scale
5 For cutting Hand saw, blade, flame
6 GI for joining pipes GI coupling
PROCEDURE:
1. The PVC pipe is held tight in the pipe vice.
2. The die’s number is fixed outside and die’s set is fixed.
3. The dies used in the entire with into the mouth of the pipe and over
tightened.
4. The die’s is related in clockwise reading is taken.
5. The help of measuring scale is used and the required measurement is
made and cut with the help of hand saw after removing pipe vice.
6. By repeating the above procedure for another PVC pipe. We get
threading on the another one then they are joined at the ends of the
GI couplings.
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RESULT:
Thus the threading pipe and joined using reduces by pipe threading
method.
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EX.NO:3 STUDY OF DIFFERENT PIPE MATERIALS
AIM:
To study a purpose of different pipe materials.
DIFFERENT PIPES:
Cast iron pipe and fitting
Plastic or PVC pipes.
Galvanised steel pipes.
Stone ward pipes.
Asbestos cement (AC) pipes.
Concrete pipes.
1. CAST IRON PIPES:
Cast iron pie and fitting are primarily used for designing of soils
and rain water disposal system. These pipes are made of send caste
process or by spinning.
Sand cast pipes are available in 1,5,8,2 meter length and 5,6mm
thickness.
Spun pipes are made by pouring molten cast iron into revolving
water would proceed seamless pipe in length upto 3 meter use than
sand cast pipe.
2. PLASTIC OR PVC PIPES:
These are commonly used type of pipe
Un Plasticized (PVC) which are rigid pipes for the use of cold water.
Plasticized PVC pipes (PPVC) which are plasticized with addition of
rubber. It lower strength and lower working temp than UPVC pipe.
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC) which can stand up to 120 degree Celsius.
For pipes used in soil and waste discharge system, the thickness of
the wall will be large than that of used for roof.
Rigid PVC pipes are used for distribution of water with temperature
below 45 degree Celsius.
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3. GALVANIZED STEEL PIPES:
GI pipes are made for steel pipes. Galvanized process deposits a thin
coating of zinc which protects it from corrosion.
These pipes corrodes easily if it carries blackish water or consealed inline
concrete brick or built under ground.
4. STONE WARE PIPES:
These pipes are extensively used as underground drainage pipes in low
cost construction building usually these pipes are laid in the even bed of
concrete and further treated as spec. laying method.
5. ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE:
These pipes are used for drainage or rain water for roofs, soil and water
and also for ventilation. They come in 2 profiles one leading with (WB) around
socket.
The principal defects of these pipes that they’re have heavy they break
easily.
6. CONCRETE PIPES:
Unreinforced pipes of small diameter as well as required reinforced and
pre stressed concrete pipes of large diameter are available for water
supply and other uses.
Small reinforced concrete pipes are very much used for drainage of rain
water.
Large diameter pipes are generally used for major supplies.
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RESULT:
Thus the purpose of different materials have been studied.
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Ex.no:4 STUDY OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
AIM:
To know about the plumbing tools and equipment.
PLUMBING VALVES:
Valves are the kinds of control device which are used in pie line
system for controlling the flow fluid. The first step of choosing valve is to
understand the function.
TYPES OF VALVES:
1. Gate valve
2. Glove valve
3. Ball valve
4. Angle valve
5. Needle valve
6. Check valve
7. Mug valve
8. Butterfly valve
9. Diaphragm valve
10.Safety valve
11.Safe relief valve
1. GATE VALVES:
Gate valves are used to regulate the flow of water through the pipe. They’re
similar to the gate valves used in dams but not large as it.
2. AIR VALVES:
Air valves are special bind of valves which are generally placed along the
pipe line at summits on both side of sluice valves and also on the
downstream of all other sluice valves.
3. BUTTERFLY VALVES:
The butterfly valves consists of a shaft mounted disc that rotate in 90
degree arc from full open to close. When the disc is rotated into closed
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SWING JOINT
THREADED JOINT
BELL AND SPIGOT JOINT
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FLANGE JOINT BUSH
BOLTED JOINTS
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position. It compression the rubber seat which is slightly smaller in
diameter than the disc and tighter seal is made.
4. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:
Water hammer pressure in pipes can be reduced by using the types of
valves. Such a valve is adjusted to open out automatically when pressure
exceeds the certain pre-determined valve. Due to opening this valves water
gets out reducing pressure.
5. CHECK VALVE:
It is used to prevent reverse flow in a pipe line. The swing type valves are
most commonly used in the category.
6. TAPS:
Pillar taps
They are draw of taps that are fitted to sanitary appliances such as
sink units, basins etc., they have a long threaded shank that allows
them fitted.
Bib taps:
These draws of fitted above the sanitary appliances such as sinks are
on their own to supply water for bucket or hoses.
Mixer taps:
These are basically a fair of draw of pillar taps , hot and cold joined
together by a common joint mining chamber and delivery spout to
provide mixed flow of hot and cold water controls are joints by
separated spout joints.
7. COUPLING REDUCER:
It is used to connect two different sized pipes. Reduces are classified into:
I. Concrete type
II. Eccentric type
8. UNION:
The function of union is to unite or joint 2 pipes together, at facilities to
connect and disconnect pipe earlier. Union is made brass or steel.
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FLEXIBLE JOINT PILLAR TAP
MIXER TAP
BIB TAP STOP TAP
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ELBOW
TEE-JOINT
BEND
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COUPLING:
It is used for joining two pipes in a straight line and where at least one pipe
be turned. The material is used for coupling are cast iron, GI , steel , plastic
, etc…
9. ELBOWS:
It is used for connecting pipe at right angle. It is made up of plastic, steel,
GI, etc…
10.BENDS:
It is used at corner in the pipe fitting. Its diameter is equal to the size of the
pipe.
11.BUSH:
It is a short sleeve like piece used to reduce the size of the thread opening.
It is threaded fully on the inside and one end of the outside.
12.FLANGE:
It is used to connect two pipes in same line by means of bolts, threads,
welded. It is used where every pipe lines needed to be assembled.
13.NIPPLE:
It is a pipe threaded at both sides. It is used to join internally threads filling
through nipple is made of GI, plastic, etc…
14.PLUG:
It is used to screw on to threaded opens for droving in temporary. It is
made of wrought iron
RESULT:
Thus the plumbing components have been studied
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ELBOW
BEND
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EX.no:5 STUDY OF HOME PLUMBING
Aim:
To study about home plumbing and its requirements
Description:
Plumbing was a trade requiring years of practice house hold plumbing system
have undergoes source for improvements
Right weight
Attractive fitting
Modern materials and technologies have been made plumbing possible for
anybody to upgrade or expand house hold plumbing
Basic requirements of plumbing:
The ability to install set of pipe and make a tight joint of water supply and
connection taps to fittings
Material used for pipe work and limitations:
Copper tubing was mostly used material for pipe work.
Stainless steel is difficult to bend easily. Stainless steel pipe are difficult
to solder and they are hard.
Galvanized steel was used to provide strong pipe work.
Brass can be cost well, brass also used to make compressions, tapes,
stopcocks, variety of other fittings.
A gun metal connection are used for joining copper wire to galvanized
steel and is often used for underground fitting.
Two most familiar joints used by plumbing
Capillary joints
Compression joints
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NIPPLE
UNION
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Capillary joint:
They are made to fit simple or over end of pipes. It is very small spare between
pipe and sleeve.
Solder is induced in each mouth of assembly and feed tight and flow of
capillary joint slow and fitting.
Compression tights:
It is easy to use , they are expensive. The cap nut is tightened with the wrench.
The cap nut compress a ring of shaft metal to fill the join between. It is the
simplest and widely used way.
Result:
Thus the home plumbing and their requirements are studied.
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EX.No:6 CONNECTION TO SERVICE LINE
Aim:
To connect the pipe with pipe fitting like elbow and taps with main using
fittings.
Materials required
Sl.no Materials required Quantity
1. Pipe 5
2. Elbows 2
3. Tee joint 1
4. Union 3
5. Nipple 1
6. Ball valve 3
7. Bend 1
8. Tap 1
Procedure:
1. Initially pipe is connected to the tank.
2. Another end of the pipe is connected with the elbow to change the
direction of flow.
3. Then pipe in vertical direction is connected to the elbow.
4. Gate valve is connected to pipe to regulate water supply.
5. Another end of the gate valve is connected to the pipe.
6. To change the direction of water flow in Tee joint.
7. Connect pipe in Tee joint in both sides.
8. Then reducer is connected to reduce the diameter of the pipe.
9. Finally tap is connected to water supply.
Result:
Thus service line connection is provided using plumbing tools.
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EX.NO: 7 DEMONSTRATION OF DOMESTIC WATER SERVICE CONNECTION
USING MIXED PIPE
Aim:
To demonstrate, making water service line connection using mixed piping
Materials used:
1. Two PVC pipe
2. Service pipe
3. Union
4. Nipple
5. Elbow
6. Coupling
7. Stop cock
Procedure:
1. Make external threads to both pipes 1 and 2 using pipe threading dies.
2. Threaded pipe are taken and they held in vice and they are connected
with goose neck pipe using coupling.
3. Then end of pipe is connected to municipal street water main.
4. The two pipes ends are connected to service pipe using of iron union
joint.
5. After union joint connection pipe is connected to a water meter with hlp
of stop cock and then water supplied.
Result:
Thus the demonstration of domestic water line is studied.
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EX.NO:8 DOMESTIC WATER SERVICE CONNECTION
Aim:
To demonstrate making of domestic water service connection using
different pipes.
Materials required:
1. PVC pipe
2. Flexible hose
3. Check valve
4. Tee bend
5. Elbow
6. Angle valve
7. Shower fitting
8. Foot valve
Procedure:
1. Study the given single line diameter.
2. Calculate exactly how much length of a pipe is required.
3. Now outlet of the pipe is connected with gate valve.
4. Use elbow tee and angle valve wherever required as per diameter.
5. Fix the wash basin, washing machine and pump.
6. Check the leakage in the pump line and discharge line of pipe.
7. If any leak occurs, arrest it and repair that area.
8. Finally open the wash basin tap and check the water flow in it.
Result:
Thus basic plumbing connection foe the domestic house using different pipe
materials are prepared.
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EX.NO:9(A) PLUMBING LINE FOR TURBINE
Aim:
To lay pie connection for a prototype hydraulic turbine model.
Materials required”
1. Pipe wrench.
2. Thread
3. Elbow
4. Valves
5. Nozzle
6. Cast iron pipe
7. Coupling
8. Pipe vice
Procedure:
1. Two pipes are taken and held in vice and connected using flanged joint.
2. A gate valve is connected to the pipe to control the supply.
3. Then elbow is connected to the end of the pipe taking internal threads
using taps in the elbow, so it can be screwed and fixed.
4. Surge tank is connected with elbow as shown
5. A nozzle or reducer is connected at the delivery end of the pipe to
turbine.
6. Make other connections referring the line sketch of prototype.
7. Finally check for leakage in joint, flowing water from the dam to turbine.
Result:
Thus the basic connection of fitting are made to generate the hydraulic turbine
model.
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EX.NO:9(B) MAKING PIPE CONNECTION FOR MOTOR
Aim:
To lay a pipe connection in the function and delivery line given to pipe.
Materials required:
1. Pump
2. Spanner
3. Pipe wrench
4. Hammer
5. Flange
6. Foot valve
7. Bend
8. Coupling
9. Concentric reducer
Procedure:
1. Take a length pipe and at extreme fit the valve and straighten it.
2. Check leaks in foot valve.
3. Connect pipe with coupling to sufficient length as required.
4. Now the flange is connected with pipe to pump inlet.
5. Similarly connect the fitting like check valve, gate valve, elbow, etc…
6. Pour water into the pump outlet through priming hole.
7. Check for leakage in the flange and fitting.
8. Run the Pump for removing air lock.
9. Now the pump is tested.
Result:
Thus the suction and delivery is connected with the pump using given
plumbing materials.
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EX.NO:10 HANDS ON SKILL
BASIC PIPE CONNECTIONS
Aim:
To connect the pipe fitting like valves, elbows and taps with main supply using
joints.
Materials required:
1. Pipe wrench.
2. Thread.
3. Elbow
4. Valves
5. Taps
6. Cast iron pipes
7. Coupling
8. Pipe vice
Procedure:
1. Two pipe are taken and held in vice then they are connected by using
flanged joint.
2. The gate valve is connected to the pipe for controlling water.
3. Then elbow is connected to the end of the pipe. Make internal threads
using taps in the elbows, so it can be screwed to the pipe.
4. One more pipe is connected to the elbow for extension of the layout
5. The pipe is then further screwed for further extension.
6. Horizontal pipe is connected to this elbow then tap is fixed to the end of
the pipe for closing and opening.
Result:
Thus the basic connections of pipe with fitting are studied.
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Note:
The following contents are some of the tools and
materials used for plumbing connection.
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