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Types and Processes of Polymerization

Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating structural units that can be natural or synthetic. They are formed through addition polymerization using free radical mechanisms when alkenes react with initiators, or through condensation polymerization which eliminates molecules like water as functional groups on monomers react. Examples of addition polymers include polythene and teflon, while nylon and bakelite are condensation polymers. Copolymers contain multiple units of different monomers. Natural rubber is polyisoprene but can be toughened through vulcanization with sulfur, while synthetic rubbers are made through copolymerization of alkenes and butadiene derivatives. Some biodegradable polymers like PHBV and N

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Types and Processes of Polymerization

Polymers are macromolecules made of repeating structural units that can be natural or synthetic. They are formed through addition polymerization using free radical mechanisms when alkenes react with initiators, or through condensation polymerization which eliminates molecules like water as functional groups on monomers react. Examples of addition polymers include polythene and teflon, while nylon and bakelite are condensation polymers. Copolymers contain multiple units of different monomers. Natural rubber is polyisoprene but can be toughened through vulcanization with sulfur, while synthetic rubbers are made through copolymerization of alkenes and butadiene derivatives. Some biodegradable polymers like PHBV and N

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Antara
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CONCLUSION

Polymers are defined as high molecular mass macromolecules, which


consist of repeating structural units derived from the corresponding
monomers. These polymers may be of natural or synthetic origin and
are classified in a number of ways. In the presence of an organic
peroxide initiator, the alkenes and their derivatives undergo addition
polymerisation or chain growth polymerisation through a free radical
mechanism. Polythene, teflon, orlon, etc. are formed by addition
polymerisation of an appropriate alkene or its derivative.
Condensation polymerisation reactions are shown by the interaction
of bi – or poly functional monomers containing – NH2, – OH and –
COOH groups. This type of polymerisation proceeds through the
elimination of certain simple molecules as H2O, CH3OH, etc.
Formaldehyde reacts with phenol and melamine to form the
corresponding condensation polymer products. The condensation
polymerisation progresses through step by step and is also called as
step growth polymerisation. Nylon, bakelite and dacron are some of
the important examples of condensation polymers. However, a
mixture of two unsaturated monomers exhibits copolymerisation and
forms a co-polymer containing multiple units of each monomer.
Natural rubber is a cis 1, 4-polyisoprene and can be made more tough
by the process of vulcanisation with sulphur. Synthetic rubbers are
usually obtained by copolymerisation of alkene and 1, 3 butadiene
derivatives. In view of the potential environmental hazards of
synthetic polymeric wastes, certain biodegradable polymers such as
PHBV and Nylon-2- Nylon-6 are developed as alternatives.

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