At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

1. discuss philosophy and its importance as a discipline and a means for understanding life;
2. distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view;
3. recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection;
4. recognize reflection as an important aspect of philosophy;
5. realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life;
6. do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective; and
7. Discuss their thoughts regarding the importance of philosophy in their lives.

Distinguish a holistic from a partial point of view ppt11/12-Ia-1.1

Why is there a need to philosophize?

Plato- a Greek Philosopher

He traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.
Man’s overbounding curiosity drives him to ask questions, some of which have no definite
answers.

Rene Descartes- 15th Century French Philosopher

-Man needs to philosophize because of doubt.
Descartes was famous for rejecting or questioning established ideas, and he even went as far as
doubting his own ideas.

Karl Jaspers- 20th Century Swiss-German Philosopher

-He saw the need to philosophize because of experience.
-He believed that man is often confronted by experiences which challenge his ideas and
framework. Jaspers called these experiences limit situations, and these are often accompanied
by feeling of anxiety, helplessness or dread.
-For him, philosophy provides us a means to understand adverse challenging conditions, and to
rise above them and gain new knowledge and perspectives.

Finally, the need to philosophize is driven by the love of wisdom. To love wisdom is to have insatiable
desire for truth. Philosophy helps us to analyze frameworks.

Framework-is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of
a person.

Holistic thinking- refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems

- this is often described as looking at the big picture when describing and analyzing a
situation or a problem.
- it requires an open mindset and an ability to general sense or impression regarding
a situation..
Partial thinking- it focuses on specific aspects of a situation, on certain areas or aspects of a problem in
order to understand it.

Philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of a problems and issues related to the human
experience. Example in partial a doctor looks at the symptoms to determine the cause of the illness. but
in holistic perspective the doctor may look at the lifestyle of the patient in general that needs to be
changed.
Branches of Philosophy

Logic is the branch of Philosophy that focuses on the analysis of the arguments.
ethics-it is the branch of philosophy that deals with moral questions and dilemmas
Political Philosophy-studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and
obligations of citizens.
Methaphysics- a branch of philosophy that deals with questions about reality and existence.

migueldisturaintrotothephiloofthehumanperson
Philosophy of the human person-an area of philosophy that understands that human person from the
philosophical perspective-integrating synthesizing the different branches of philosophy and
other fields of study to the truth abouth the human person.
FACTS ABOUTH PHILOSOPHIZING:
1. PHILOSOPHY IS A REFLECTIVE AND MEDITATIVE ACTIVITY
2. IT IS A METHOD OF MENTAL EXERCISE

Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection ppt11/12-Ib-1.2

Reflection requires a person to examine one’s thoughts, feelings and actions and to learn more about
one’s life and experiences.
-it is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are done with
due regard of the consequences and implications on ourselves, others and surroundings.
-it helps us to understand ourselves and our actions better. We judge our actions whether
they are reasonable or not.
e.g buying clothes
Usual question: Do I look good in this color? Will this fit me?
Reflective and Philosophical question: Do I even have to buy a new T-shirt today? Am I
better off spending my money on other things? What Sort of person wears this kind of shirt?

Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life ppt11/12-1c-1.3

a. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts,

definitions, arguments and problems.
b. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.
c. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his/her ideas.
Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing, and this refers to a person’s ability to apply
knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound choices and judgment.
d. Finally, knowledge of philosophy can contribute to self-development
e.g. One can be better student, scientist, artist, professional, and citizen if he or she has tha
capacity for inquiry, critical thinking and reflection.
Philosophy encourages a person to know oneself, his or her strengths and weaknesses, establish
identity and determine his or her purpose in life.
Self-knowledge also grows along with one’s understanding of the world and this essential to the
realization of the self.

REVIEW:

 Philosophy is the study that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes,
reasons, and principles which govern all things.
 The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s sense of wonder and doubt, the
made to make sense of challenging experiences, and the love for wisdom.
 The study of philosophy can be considered as a way of examining the particular area
of knowledge. Philosophy is a discipline with its own goals, concerns and ways of
doing things. Philosophy also makes use of information gathered from other fields
of knowledge and not just its own conclusions. Finally philosophy can be considered
a reflective and meditative activity.
 Reflection is an important aspect of philosophy, one can engage in reflection by
examining one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions and decisions enables person to
gain insights that will held in reflective decision-making.
 Holistic Perspective considers larger patterns or the bigger picture when looking at
the problem or situations. Adopting a holistic perspective enables a person to view a
problem more objectively and come up with better solutions or decisions. Holistic

migueldisturaintrotothephiloofthehumanperson
 view also means that one does not confine one’s understanding of the world to
one’s own perspective but also includes perspective of others.

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. define the role of philosophy in determining the truth and knowledge

2. distinguish opinion from truth
3. analyze situations that show the difference between opinion and truth; and
4. evaluate opinions

Distinguish opinion from truth ppt11/12-1d-2.2

We are always confronted with news and information from the different sources.
Distorted truth is the most common denominator.
What is truth?
Truth lies at the heart of any inquiry. However it remains the most debated and much discussed topic
among philosophers.
-philosophers consider truth a kind of quality or value.
e.g. when we answer true or false test, we judge the statements we read are true or false.
This means that statements may have truth or may not have truth.
Propositions- statements about the world or reality
-These are usually stated as short statements or sentences
truth=knowledge
knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of something.
-it is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
facts are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful
example; I know that fish live in the water.
claim is a statement that needs further examination to establish whether it is true or false
example: I know that my school is the best school in town.
-claim can be proven by verification and experimentation (observable or empirical)
Conclusion is a judgment based on certain facts. The facts that form the bases of a conclusion may not
be disputed but the conclusion itself could still be questioned or contested.
Beliefs are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.
Explanations are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is
true.
Arguments are a series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a
claim or opinion is truthful.
-these are made with the assumption that the truth of the claim or opinion is still to be
determined.

migueldisturaintrotothephiloofthehumanperson