MPPSC 2019 MPPSCADDA

BUDDHISM
GautamBuddhafoundedBuddhismandisknownasSupremeBuddha.HewasborninLumbini,
alittleprincipalityofKapilvastuinmoderndayNepal.BuddhahoodorBuddhatvaisthestateof
perfectenlightmentattainedbyaBuddha.Thisreferstotheuniversalandinnatepropertyof
absolutewisdom.

Symbolsof5greateventsofBuddha’sLife


Event Symbol
Buddha’sBirth Lotus&Bull

A
TheGreatDeparture Horse
(Mahabhinishkramana) 

D
Enlightment(Nirvana) BodhiTree
ree
FirstSermon
(Dhammachakraparivartan D Wheel
eel
A

Death(Parinirvana) Stupa
Stupa
SC

FourNobleTruths
PP

FournobletruthsweretaughtbyBuddhainDhammachakraparivartan.Theyarethecore
ught
ght by Buddha
Bud
teachingsofBuddhism.

M

Sorrow The world is full of sorrow and everything from birth
todeathbringssorrowsinlife.
CauseofSorrow Thecauseofsorrowsisdesire.Itistheunfulfillment
ofhumandesireswhichleadshimtotheviciouscycle
ofbirthsandrebirths
PreventionofSorrow Itispossibletopreventsorrow.Mancangetridof
sorrowbytriumphingoverthedesires.
ThepathofPrevention Mancanavoidsorrowbyavoidingextremesoflifeand
ofSorrow followingmiddlepathorMadhyamPatipada.Thelife
ofmoderationandselfcontrolalongwithpursuance
of8foldpathisessentialtopreventthesorrow.

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TheEightfoldPathofBuddhism


Rightunderstanding UnderstandingthattheFourNobleTruthsare
nobleandtrue.
Rightthought DeterminingandresolvingtopracticeBuddhist
faith
Rightspeech Avoidingslander,gossip,lying,andallformsof
untrueandabusivespeech
Rightconduct Adheringtotheideaofnonviolence(ahimsa),as
wellasrefrainingfromanyformofstealingor
sexualimpropriety.
Rightmeansofmakinga Notslaughteringanimalsorworkingatjobsthat
working a
living forceyoutoviolateothers
rs

A
Rightmentalattitudeor Avoidingnegativethoughtsandemotions,suchas
oughts and emo
em
effort angerandjealousy.
y.

D
Rightmindfulness Havingaclearsenseofone’smentalstateand
ense of one’s
bodilyhealthandfeelings.
h and
nd feelings.
feeling
D
Right concentration Using meditation
ditation
itation to
tenment
enlightenment
o reac
rea
reach the highest level of
A
SC

BuddhistLiterature

TEXT CONTENT
CONTENT
CONTEN
PP

Tripitaka TripitakaorThreeBasketsisatraditionaltermusedfor
Tripitaka o
variousBuddhistscriptures.ItisknownaspaliCanonin
va
various
English.ThethreepitakasareSuttaPitaka,VinayaPitaka
Eng
Engl
M

andAbhidhammaPitaka
a
SuttaPitaka It contains over 10 thousand suttas or sutras related to
Buddha and his close companions. This also deals with the
firstBuddhistcouncilwhichwasheldshortlyafterBuddha’s
death,datedbythemajorityofrecentscholarsaround400
BC, under the patronage of king Ajatasatru with the monk
Mahakasyapapresiding,atRajgir.
VinayaPitaka ThesubjectmatterofVinayPitakaisthemonasticrulesfor
monksandnuns.ItcanalsobecalledasBookofDiscipline
Abhidhammapitaka Itdeals withthephilosophyanddoctrineofBuddhism
appearinginthesuttas.However,itdoesnotcontainthe
systematicphilosophicaltreatises.Thereare7worksof
AbhidhammaPitakawhichmostscholarsagreethatdon’t
representthewordsofBuddhahimself.

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MPPSC 2019 MPPSCADDA
SchoolsofBuddhism


Hinayana • Hinayana istheorthodox,conservativeschoolsof

 Buddhism
• Don’tbelieveinIdolWorshipandtrytoattain
individualsalvationthroughselfdisciplineand
meditation
• AsokaPatronizedHinayana.
• PalithelanguageofmasseswasusebytheHinayana
scholars.
• Itisthedominantformofreligionin
in
Cambodia,Laos,SriLanka,Thailand,andBurma.
iland,
and, and


A
Mahayana: • MahayanaBuddhism,alsoknownastheGreat
o known
know as the
 Vehicle,istheformofBuddhismprominentinNorth
Buddhism
uddhism pro

D
Asia,includingChina,Mongolia,Tibet,Korea,and
na, Mongolia, T
Japan.
Vajrayana •
D
TheVajrayanatraditionofBuddhismspreadto
naa tradition of B
China,Mongolia,andTibet.
ongolia,
lia, and Tib
A
• VajrayanaBuddhistsrecognisealargebodyof
ana Buddhists
Buddhis
BuddhistTantras,someofwhicharealsoincludedin
dhist
ist Tantras,
C
ChineseandJapanesecollectionsofBuddhist
Chines and Jap
Chinese Ja
literature,andversionsofafeweveninthePali
literature,
iterature, an
S

Canon.
Canon.

PP

BuddhistShrines
M

Astamahasthanas:Theseare8greatholyplaces.Theyareasfollows:
s: These are 8

Places Significance
Lumbini BirthofBuddha
Bodhgaya EnlightmentofBuddha
Sarnath First sermon or Dhammachakraparivartan
Kushinagar DeathorMahaparinirvana

• Alongwiththem, Sravasti,Sankasya,RajgirandVaishaliareknownasAstamahasthanas

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