NANDA DYAH DWIYANTI (31116122)

A1 Akuntansi

Assalamualaikum warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh

Good morning, everyone! How are you today? I hope you all are fine. First, I
would like to say thank you for coming in my presentation.

Before telling more and more, let me introduce myself. My name is Nanda
Dyah Dwiyanti. I’m a student at Serang Raya University. Ok! Shall we get
started now?

In this presentation, we will discuss about “Child Abuse and How to Stop it”.
Do you know what is child abuse? Everyone knows? Yes I will give you
information about that.

Child abuse is when a parent or caregiver, whether through action or failing to act,
causes injury, death, emotional harm or risk of serious harm to a child. There are
many forms of child maltreatment, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse,
exploitation and emotional abuse.

1. Physical Abuse

Physical abuse of a child is when a parent or caregiver causes any non-accidental

physical injury to a child. There are many signs of physical abuse. If you see any of
the following signs, please get help right away.

28.3% of adults report being physically abused as a child.

Physical abuse includes striking, kicking, burning, biting, hair pulling, choking,
throwing, shoving, whipping or any other action that injures a child. Even if the
caregiver didn’t mean to cause injury, when the child is injured it is abuse. Physical
discipline from a parent that does not injure or impair a child is not considered
abuse; however non-violent alternatives are always available.
Physical abuse can result in:

 Bruises, blisters, burns, cuts and scratches

 Internal injuries, brain damage

 Broken bones, sprains, dislocated joints

 Emotional and psychological harm

 Lifelong injury, death

Signs of physical abuse in parent or caregiver:

 Can’t or won’t explain injury of child, or explains it in a way that doesn’t

make sense

 Displays aggression to child or is overly anxious about child’s behavior

 Indicates child is not trustworthy, a liar, evil, a troublemaker

 Delays or prevents medical care for child

 Takes child to different doctors or hospitals

 Keeps child from school, church, clubs

 Has history of violence and/or abuse

Signs of physical abuse in a child:

Physical:

 Any injury to a child who is not crawling yet

 Visible and severe injuries

 Injuries at different stages of healing

 On different surfaces of the body

 Unexplained or explained in a way that doesn’t make sense

 Distinctive shape
  Frequency, timing and history of injuries (frequent, after weekends,
vacations, school absences)

Behavioral:

 Aggression toward peers, pets, other animals

 Seems afraid of parents or other adults

 Fear, withdrawal, depression, anxiety

 Wears long sleeves out of season

 Violent themes in fantasy, art, etc.

 Nightmares, insomnia

 Reports injury, severe discipline

 Immaturity, acting out, emotional and behavior extremes

 Self-destructive behavior or attitudes

2. Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse occurs when an adult uses a child for sexual purposes or involves a
child in sexual acts. It also includes when a child who is older or more powerful
uses another child for sexual gratification or excitement.

20.7% of adults report being sexually abused as a child.

Sexual abuse of children includes:

 Non-contact abuse

 Making a child view a sex act

 Making a child view or show sex organs

 Inappropriate sexual talk

  Contact abuse

 Fondling and oral sex

 Penetration

 Making children perform a sex act

 Exploitation

 Child prostitution and child pornography

Signs of sexual abuse in parent or caregiver:

 Parent fails to supervise child

 Unstable adult presence

 Jealous/possessive parent

 Sexual relationships troubled or dysfunctional

 Parent relies on child for emotional support

Signs of sexual abuse in a child:

Physical:

 Difficulty sitting, walking, bowel problems

 Torn, stained, bloody undergarments

 Bleeding, bruises, pain, swelling, itching of genital area

 Frequent urinary tract infections or yeast infections

 Any sexually transmitted disease or related symptoms

Behavioral:

 Doesn’t want to change clothes (e.g., for P.E.)

 Withdrawn, depressed, anxious

  Eating disorders, preoccupation with body

 Aggression, delinquency, poor peer relationships

 Poor self-image, poor self-care, lack of confidence

 Sudden absenteeism, decline in school performance

 Substance abuse, running away, recklessness, suicide attempts

 Sleep disturbance, fear of bedtime, nightmares, bed wetting (at advanced

age)

 Sexual acting out, excessive masturbation

 Unusual or repetitive soothing behaviors (hand-washing, pacing, rocking,

etc.)

 Sexual behavior or knowledge that is advanced or unusual

 Reports sexual abuse

3. Emotional Abuse

When a parent or caregiver harms a child’s mental and social development, or

causes severe emotional harm, it is considered emotional abuse. While a single
incident may be abuse, most often emotional abuse is a pattern of behavior that
causes damage over time.

10.6% of adults report being emotionally abused as a child.

Emotional abuse can include:

 Rejecting or ignoring: telling a child he or she is unwanted or unloved,

showing little interest in child, not initiating or returning affection, not
listening to the child, not validating the child’s feelings, breaking promises,
cutting child off in conversation
  Shaming or humiliating: calling a child names, criticizing, belittling,
demeaning, berating, mocking, using language or taking action that takes
aim at child’s feelings of self-worth

 Terrorizing: accusing, blaming, insulting, punishing with or threatening

abandonment, harm or death, setting a child up for failure, manipulating,
taking advantage of a child’s weakness or reliance on adults, slandering,
screaming, yelling

 Isolating: keeping child from peers and positive activities, confining child
to small area, forbidding play or other stimulating experiences

 Corrupting: engaging child in criminal acts, telling lies to justify actions or

ideas, encouraging misbehavior

Signs of emotional abuse in parent or caregiver:

 Routinely ignores, criticizes, yells at or blames child

 Plays favorites with one sibling over another

 Poor anger management or emotional self-regulation

 Stormy relationships with other adults, disrespect for authority

 History of violence or abuse

 Untreated mental illness, alcoholism or substance abuse

Signs of emotional abuse in a child:

Physical:

 Delays in development

 Wetting bed, pants

 Speech disorders

 Health problems like ulcers, skin disorders

  Obesity and weight fluctuation

Behavioral:

 Habits like sucking, biting, rocking

 Learning disabilities and developmental delays

 Overly compliant or defensive

 Extreme emotions, aggression, withdrawal

 Anxieties, phobias, sleep disorders

 Destructive or anti-social behaviors (violence, cruelty, vandalism, stealing,

cheating, lying)

 Behavior that is inappropriate for age (too adult, too infantile)

 Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

4. Child Neglect

Child neglect is when a parent or caregiver does not give the care, supervision,
affection and support needed for a child’s health, safety and well-being. Child
neglect includes:

 Physical neglect and inadequate supervision

 Emotional neglect

 Medical neglect

 Educational neglect

Physical Neglect

Children need enough care to be healthy and enough supervision to be safe. Adults
that care for children must provide clothing, food and drink. A child also needs safe,
healthy shelter, and adequate supervision.
Examples of physical neglect:

 Deserting a child or refusing to take custody of a child who is under your

care

 Repeatedly leaving a child in another’s custody for days or weeks at a time

 Failing to provide enough healthy food and drink

 Failing to provide clothes that are appropriate to the weather

 Failing to ensure adequate personal hygiene

 Not supervising a child appropriately

 Leaving the child with an inappropriate caregiver

 Exposing a child to unsafe/unsanitary environments or situations

Emotional Neglect

Children require enough affection and attention to feel loved and supported. If a
child shows signs of psychological illness, it must be treated.

Examples of emotional neglect:

 Ignoring a child’s need for attention, affection and emotional support

 Exposing a child to extreme or frequent violence, especially domestic

violence

 Permitting a child to use drugs, use alcohol, or engage in crime

 Keeping a child isolated from friends and loved ones

Medical Neglect

Some states do not prosecute parents who withhold certain types of medical care
for religious reasons, but they may get a court order to protect the child’s life.
Parents and caregivers must provide children with appropriate treatment for injuries
and illness. They must also provide basic preventive care to make sure their child
stays safe and healthy.

Examples of medical neglect:

 Not taking child to hospital or appropriate medical professional for serious

illness or injury

 Keeping a child from getting needed treatment

 Not providing preventative medical and dental care

 Failing to follow medical recommendations for a child

Educational Neglect

Parents and schools share responsibility for making sure children have access to
opportunities for academic success.

Examples of educational neglect:

 Allowing a child to miss too much school

 Not enrolling a child in school (or not providing comparable home-based

education)

 Keeping a child from needed special education services

Signs of Child Neglect

There is no “smoking gun” for most child neglect. While even one instance of
neglect can cause lifelong harm to a child, neglect often requires a pattern of
behavior over a period of time.

Signs in Caregiver

There is no “typical neglectful parent.” Nevertheless, certain indicators may suggest

a parent or caregiver needs help to nurture and protect the child or children in their
care:
  Displays indifference or lack of care toward the child

 Depression, apathy, drug/alcohol abuse and other mental health issues

 Denies problems with child or blames the child for problems

 Views child negatively

 Relies on child for own care and well-being

Signs in Child

While a single indicator may not be cause for alarm, children who are neglected
often show that they need help:

 Clothing that is the wrong size, in disrepair, dirty, or not right for the
weather

 Often hungry, stockpiles food, seeks food, may even show signs of
malnutrition (like distended belly, protruding bones)

 Very low body weight, height for age

 Often tired, sleepy, listless

 Hygiene problems, body odor

 Talks about caring for younger siblings, not having a caregiver at home

 Untreated medical and dental problems, incomplete immunizations

 Truancy, frequently incomplete homework, frequent changes of school

Moreover, child abuse can happen in any family and in any neighborhood. So how
to stop it? Prevent Child Abuse America offers these tip for stopping child abuse:

 Try to understand your children. Learn how kids behave and what they can
do at different ages. Have realistic expectations and be reasonable if
children fall short.
  Keep your children healthy. Denying children food, sleep, or healthcare is
abuse by neglect.

 Get help with alcohol or drug problems. Keep children away from anyone
who abuses those substances.

 Watch your words. Angry or punishing language can leave emotional scars
for a lifetime.

 Get control of yourself before disciplining a child. Set clear rules so the
child knows what to expect. Avoid physical punishment.

 Take a time-out. Stop if you begin to act out frustration or other emotions
physically. Find someone to talk with or watch your kids while you take a
walk. Call a child abuse prevention hotline if you are worried you may hit
your child.

 Make your home a violence-free zone. Turn off violent TV shows and don't
let kids stay under the same roof with an abusive adult.

 Join a support program for new parents.

 Take regular breaks from your children. This will give you a release from
the stress of parenting full-time.

I’d like to finished the main part of my presentation. Let me tell what we
can get from our topic so far. Remember that child abuse often repeats
itself in the next generation. By doing what you can to prevent it today,
you can help save children’s lives far into the future.

Ok ! I think that’s all I told you about child abuse. Thank you for your
attention. May all those we have shares be usefull for all of us. See you
later.

Wassalamualaikum wr. wb