Nite RUT BTA Pele 7 esPublished by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 GHW, United Kingdom Tel: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463, email: nquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk ‘www expresspublishing.co.uk © Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley 2012 Design and ilustration © Express Publishing, 2012, Colour Illustrations: Victor, Angela, Simon Andrews, Kyr © Exoress Publishing, 2012 Music Arrangements by Taz © Express Publishing, 2012 First published 2012 Fourth impression 2015 ‘Made in EU {All rights reserved, No part of tis publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, oF transmitted in any form, or by any mesns, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book is not meant to be changed in any way. ISBN 978-1-78098-448-3, Acknowledgements ‘Authors’ Acknowledgements \We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book. Thanks are due in partcuar to: Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief), Stephanie Smith and Michael Sadler (senior editor); Andrew Wright (editorial assistant), Bran O'lell (senior production contvoller) and the Express Publishing design team; Warehouse (recording producer) and Emily Newton, Kevin Hartis, Daniel Parker, Erica Thompson and Timothy Forster for their support and patience. We would aso like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable inthe production of the book. Photograph Acknowledgements ‘Module 1: storm chaser © Warren Faidley - Weatherstock com on p. 7; Module 2: 2b Larry Page & Sergey Brin © Kim KULISH REAMWww.imlgr on p. 28; Google logo © IMAGO/wwwimil.gr on p.28; Facebook logo © Jonathan Sprague REDUX/wwwiml.gr on p. 29; Module 4: 4e Alain Robert © maxppp/www.iml.gr on p. 56; Module 6: 6a image 2 © Jan Vormann on p. 98; image 3 © SPLASH/www.iml.gr and image 4 © NICK CUNARD; EYEVINE/ww.iml.gr on p. 99 Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. f any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.Sophie “Totrhedl a Student's Book Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley 4% Express PublishingContents Ce MELs Perea B + Transport [+ Places in a city pp.56 /* Household chores Starter Food/Drinks Cooking methods Natural disasters Jobs Work & Play Sea Character adjectives + Present simple/Present continuous + Stative verbs pe 20 + Comparisons Language in Use 1p. 21 + (to)-nfnitive/-ing form ‘Skil Practice 1 pp. 22-23, Revision 1 p.24 }+ Word formation: person nouns Applying for a job ‘Student jobs Phrasal verbs: break, bring Culture & + Fast continuous + Cultural activites & experiences Fast continuous vs past simple |* Travel experiences Stories Used to/be used to The Internet + Past perfect ‘Types of performances pp.25-38 + Past perfect continuous Social networking sites Types of books Tourist attractions Phrasal verbs: fal get, give Word formation: abstract nouns from verbs $ ro 2 $ = wil The weather Mother Nature |? Going to Extreme activities ea J+ Present continuous/present |». Types of accommodation simple with future meaning; _|+ Verbs related to the weather time clauses Outdoor leisure activities + Conditionals types 0, 1,2,3 |* Camping equipment Language in Use 3 p57 + Wishes Phrasal verbs: go, [ook Shil Practice 3 pp. 58-59 [+ Word formation: adjectives from nouns zZ Language in Use 2 p.39 Skis Practice 2 pp. 40-41 Revision 2p. 42 Revision 3p. 60 i |+ Modal verbs: must, have to, _|+ Health problems & technol pieeittiy mind, should, canfean’t, may, might, 2, or healthy body ‘could + Past modals: had to, could, was | pp.61-74 es + Teenage problems and solutions + Relative clauses + Phobias & fears Hinesses & ailments Remedies/Solutions ‘Action verbs. Language in Use 4 p. 75, ‘Skil Practice 4 pp. 76-77 Revision 4p. 78 }+ both .. and, either... or, neither ‘nor Phrasal verbs: make, put Word formation: adjectives from verbs Life + Present perfect vs past simple |» Gestures & body language ‘ + Present perfect continuous |» Annoying/Bad habits experiences J+ Modals making deduction: Je Cultural differences/adjustments pp.79-92 ‘must, can't, mayfmight Problems with neighbours [+ Tenses of the infinitive/-ing Physical appearance & character Language in Use 5 p. 93 form + Cultural traditions & customs Skills Practice 5 pp. 94-95, + Phrasal verbs: tote, tur Revision 5 p. 96 + Word formation: negative adjectives the pasive Gime & technology Gjper cime Types oft Crime & 5 the causative community reflexive pronouns reported Speech pp.97-110 x Language in Use 6 p. 111 Skils Practice 6 pp. 112-113, Revision 6 p. 114 Vocabulary Bank pp. VB1-VB17 Grammar Reference pp. GRI-GR13 Writing Bank pp. WB1-WB5 ——_—Rules for Punctuation p. GR14Ea Co meu) + Hot Jobs (multiple choice) UFO Hunter (open-ended sentences) Listening: identifying main points Listening: multiple matching Voluntourism: how to make a difference (1/F/DS) ++ John’s Travels (open-ended sentences) + Listening: identifying main points * The Story of Google (') * Lady Gaga (comprehension questions) + Listening: multiple matching + Grand Opera (multiple choice) +The Haunted City of York (Gequence of events) + Listening: identifying specific information (1) + Listening identifying specific information (answering questions) + Mott of the Antarctic (VF statements) + Extremely weird (multiple choice) + Climate change (V/F statements) + Tropped inthe Wilderness (gapped tex) + Listening: identifying specitic information (multiple choice) ‘+ Modern marvels or new nasties (headings to paragraphs) ‘+ Remedies from the kitchen ‘cupboard (reading for specific Information) + The French Spider-Man (multiple choice) + Phobias (gapped text) ‘+ Listening: (multiple matching) + It annoying (iF / DS statements} + Steven Marshall (T/F statements) + A change for the better (reading for specific information * Rites of Passage (multiple choice) + Ustening: (TF statements) Street Art: Art or not? (VP) Ben Langdon: Forensic Sdentist + CyberCrime Going Crackers! (headings toparagraphs) + Mark's Blog (multiple matching) ‘Talking about jobs + Ajob interview + Talking about adventure sports Take a Deep Breath (multiple choice) + Asking for/giving personal details ‘+ Pronunciation: intonation in questions Talking about travel experiences Expressing opinions Talking about a performance Talking about reading habits Pronunciation: intonation ‘when expressing feelings ‘+ Talking about the weather Talking about extreme activities + Booking accommodation! asking for and giving information Talking about environmental problems + Describing pictures Pronunciation: intonation ~ stress in compound nouns ‘+ Talking about health problems ‘© Talking about how to use ‘gadgets wisely + Visiting the doctor (at a doctor's surgery) ‘+ Making suggestions/replying Pronunciation: rhyming words ‘+ Talking about annoying situations + Talking about social etiquette in your country + Complaining and apologising + Commenting on changes in appearance Pronunciation: linking sounds Give a witness statement + Pronunciation: epenthesis, + Comment on an event Word Formation pp. WFY-WF4 + Writing an inter Taking notes about jobs Sentences about UFO Hunting Accover letter, applying for a job ‘A paragraph about your hobby ‘Writing a short account of a story Making notes about a Chinese ‘opera Astory A short text about Antarctica Sentences about extreme sports short paragraph about {global warming A semi-formal email asking for information Asummary of a text Writing about gadgets and, health problems Writing suggestions about health probiems Ww ‘= Asummary of a text ‘An essay making suggestions Writing a post about an annoying situation Sentences speculating about a character ‘Writing sentences about person you admire A for-and-against essay ‘An account of an experience Writing about an inspirational figure Presentation on cybercrime An interview '* letter tothe editor making suggestions Sentence Completion pp. SC1-SC3_ Irregular Verbs Key Word Transformations pp. KWTI-KWT3 Word List pp. WLI-WL21 See Tee Cashin Hand PSHE: What's the job for you? (quiz) * London's Top Historical Attractions }= ICT: Social Networks: How do they work? The Appalachian Trail + Geography: Caves, }* Australia’s most dongerous ‘animals ]+ PSHE: Catch some Zzzs! + Social Etiquette in the UK + Science: Body Talk + The Civil Rights Movement in the USA + Citizenship: Amnesty International3 J Transport Complete the sentences with the types of transport in the list. There are two words that you don’t need to use. + plane * bus + underground + ferry * bike + car * motorbike » taxi 1. Mr Holmes is flying to Spain on a business trip. His .. leaves at 6:00. The fastest way to travel in London is below the city on the ... Hannah was very late for work and fora ns ‘We went to the Isle of Man by... last weekend. The sea was calm. Tom loves riding his park every afternoon. People don't often take their... into the city centre because there is too much traffic had to call .. in the Places in a city Complete the table with the words. + block of flats + petrol station * post office * traffic lights » tunnel * bungalow + semi-detached house * road sign + hospital * cottage * library * bus stop * bus lane * detached house * community centre art Crud Prey aes) [ai Sey erence Household chores Fill in: do, lay, mop, iron, dust, make, take out, hoover 1 othe furniture | 5... the rubbish 2 the bed 6 the floor 3B cnn the Clothes | 7... the washing-up 4 wethe table | 8 ecco. the carpets c Carlo (amp 4. Complete the spidergram. Use these words. Add one to each category. * tomatoes * yogurt * chicken * orange juice * cauliflower * bread + salmon + grapes ‘rice + lamb + milk * eggs * cherries » tuna * tea * peppers fruit. and vegetables i Fed drinks, drinks Collocations 5, Fill in: grow, raise, stuck, show, patrol, try, lose, put up, miss, make. 1 vegetables 2 the beach 3 .» posters Bc money for charity 5 get in mud 6 local food 7 a flight 8 my luggage 9 _ respect 10 a difference Match the words in the two columns. T[_] polluted A team 2] child B supplies 3]_] rescue iG waters: [oJ medical D project 5 conservation EY bane 6 bus: F labourtz) P03 / emp Cooking methods strowberies and sugar unl hey 4) — info asauce. pes. ea) se 2 > = Next, we cut the biscuits and put them in a fray. Then, we add the strawbeny sauce. After that, we 8) i son SOME GIEaM ‘and alittle sugar. We 6) em >t Finaly, we 7) (ee _.some nuls ‘and put them on fop! Your strawberry shartcak is ready! the cream onto the biscuits. Natural disasters Match the comments with the natural disasters in the list. There are two items you don’t need to use. ‘drought * flood * earthquake * forest fire * tornado tsunami * hurricane “We saw the sea coming towards us. We all ran for the hills to save our lives.” “was in bed when the house started shaking. I could see the walls ‘move, so |jumped out of bed and hid under the kitchen table.” “We planted potatoes in December, but the rain never came. The fields are empty. We hope it will rain very soon.” “The emergency services warned us to leave our house immediately. There was water on the first floor. We could not stop it. It was rising and rising.” “"We could see and smell the thick smoke in the atmosphere.” 10 Everyday English Circle the correct response. A; Hello, can I help you? B: a I'd like two tickets to Brighton, please. b No, you can’t do that! A: And what would you like to drink? B: a I'mnot very hungry. b I'dlike a cola, please. ‘A: Someone stole my bag. B: a | don’t believe you. b Oh, you poor thing! I'm so sorry. A: | went on a day trip to a wildlife park, B: a Oh, really? I'd really like to go there too. b That's not very exciting ‘A: Would you mind helping me with this? B: a Of course | would. b No problem. ‘A: See you at 9 tomorrow! B: a I'm free this morning. b Great. ‘A: Can I give you a hand? B: a Actually, 've nearly finished. b Sure | can. A: Did you have a nice weekend? a Oh, | didn’t do anything special. b They had a nice time. A | think that's all, thank you. B: a You're welcome Just one more thing, ‘A: Would you like any side orders? a I'd like a glass of orange juice, please. b_ Not for me, thank you.Vocabulary: job: sports, student jobs 4 | Grammar: adverbs of manner, present simple a infnitive-ing form . CiLe Everyday English: an interview for a part-time job | Pronunciation: intonation in questions | Writing: a paragraph about your hobbies; an | interview; a CV and cover letter Culture Comer: Cash in hand (student jobs in the USA) Curricular (PSHE): What's the job for you? Phrasal verbs: break, bring Word formation: person nouns chara er adjectives, hobbies, eins police officer iaVocabulary Work a) Ina minute, think of as many jobs as possible, b) Look at the jobs in the pictures. Who works: 9-5? shifts? at weekends? long hours? on their own? with a team? Gets: paid well? low wages? Character adjectives Complete the sentences with a suitable job from those in Ex. 1. Ala) has to be brave; they do dangerous things at work. A(n) has to be organised; they need to plan their work wel A(n) has to be creative; they need to develop original ideas A(n) has to be caring; they need to look after sick people. A(n) has to be patient; they need to stay calm and not get annoyed. A(n) has to be polite; they deal with people from di backgrounds. OTL Predicting content The key words of a text help you predict its content Reading a) The words in the box on p. 9 are the key words of the text. Read the words. What do you expect the text to be about? Listen, read, and check. b) Read the text again and choose the correct answer, A, B, or C. Smokejumpers fire zone A through f ad C byair Before becomin: they must learn h A train work as a team smo! ers are © become At B fit € better parachute into a forest, C a backpack 28 parachutingtough job, beat, elit, risk, remote areas, bravely, parachute, put out, duty, training, fit fie zone, padded, face mask, helmet, backpack, drop 4 @) Use words from the box to complete the sentences. 1 They tried to the fire with buckets of water until the firefighters arrived 2. Smokejumpers parachute from aeroplanes into that can’t be reached easily. 3 Tobea firefighter you need to be and strong. 4 Firefighters go through difficult before they are ready to join the Fire Service b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: rucksack, courageously, tasks, difficult, get better, allows to fall, isolated. Grammar ».¢r Adverbs of fnanner 5 Read the theory. Find examples in the text. ‘+ Adverbs of manner describe how we do something, She talks slowly. (How does she talk? Slovily.) + We usually form adverbs of manner by adding -y to an adjective, slow - slowly, sudden - suddenly, careful ~ carefully, quiet ~ quietly, etc ‘+ Sometimes, we need to change the spelling easy - easily, true - truly, gentle - gently + Some adverbs keep the same form as the adjective fast, hard, late, ean, etc + _regular form: good — well Form adverbs. Use them to complete the sentences (1-6). GOOd rnrnnncne | A happy brave 5 quick careful 6 hard The men check the area for fires, Smokejumpers have to train very «.. They use aeroplanes to get to the fire Zach smiles when he talks about his job They fought the dangerous fire .. and managed to put it out. Smokejumpers know the forest very .. Speaking & Writing Read the text again and make notes under the headings: job, duties, qualities needed, clothes & equipment, feelings. Imagine you are Zach. Use your notes to present your job to the class. Would you like to work as a smokejumper? Why? Why not? In three minutes, write a few sentences about the topic. Read your sentences to your partner or the class. _ salary Bank T pp. VB-VB2) 9Ere lad Pdr CO UO SR COC CL Is it an aeroplane? Or is it a UFO*? Nick Porter is you can think of. Compare your list fascinated by the possibility of life on other planets, $0 in Ung na his free time he tries to find out what these objects are. We asked him some questions about his unusual hobby. K So, Nick, why are you so interested in UFOs? DP bes SES Wel, thousands of people see strange objects in the sky all over the ylleike Cicada cel ‘world, Most ofthese are panes, meteors, or miltary planes - but what LA Lae about the rest? Im a very curicus person, so | want to find an wey, 2 explanation! } ‘And what exactly does your hobby involve? Wel, | started a UFO cub and we mostly ihtings. We interview winesses and analyse videos and photos. Sometimes we go ‘ut to a UFO ‘hotspot, too. In fact, we're gong out tonight. We usually go high up on a rooftop ora hilsde. If we see something strange, we record as much information as we can! We use camcorders, cameras, telescopes, and other devices. Then w analyse the information on ou laptops. my Maybe some of our readers are thinking about taking up UFO hunting now! What advice do you have for them? ‘Wel, anyone can become a UFO hunter. You just need to be enthusiastic and patient. also need to jon a local UFO club. This way find out where the UFO hotspots a have witnesses if you spot something. Pies So, what are you waiting for? UFO biopic’ edit hunting is a lot of aces you er ee RUC ne aes = cna What does Nick’s hobby involve? fur science fiction into hice eu kc ae science fact! : Z ZS Fo hunting CU ae cd military vestigate oof to} b) Read the article again and complete the sentences. Imagine you are Nick and use the words in the box to talk about your hobby to the class. Nick Porter likes UFO hunting because His UFO club members mainly en they go out, they have f you want to take up UFO hunting, you need . 2 ting because ©) Match the highlighted words to their meanings keen, inquisitive, gadgets, very interested in, make notes on, see, look into, be 10“see Grammar pcr Present simple — Present continuous A. Read the table. Find examples in the text. (We use the present simple to talk about ) permanent states & facts. | Nick comes from the USA. 1 | + habitsroutines. He plays tenn timetables, The tain leaves at 7pm. “Time expressions: every day, on Mondays, often, etc We use the present continuous to talk about: + actions happening now/around the time of speaking Jenc is watching 0 | Tina is studying for her exams these days | ‘+ future arrangements. 'm going out tomorrow | | | | + temporary situations Jane is working os waitress forthe sun Time expressions: now, at the moment, at present, etc 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous. 1 A: How often .. (you/hang out) with your fiends? B: Every weekend. We usually . (go) to the mall or (watch) a film. 2 A: How : (Petelspend) his free time? Be HE cincns at . (surf) the Net or = ee (read) comics. 3. A: What .... . (you/do) now? Bis pees . (paint) my model aeroplane. 4A: Where. (ane/be)? B: She .. (prepare) her bag. She .... (go) UFO hunting 5A (you/come) to the show tonight? B: No.1. (meet) Brian for dinner. {Some verbs do not usually have continuous forms because | they describe a state, thought, or feeling rather than an Stative verbs Read the table. Then put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous. Give reasons. action (e.., see, feel, hea, look, smel, sound, taste, Forget, | remember, wont, belong etc). He looks goad. Some verbs can have continuous forms but with a difference in meaning, | think he’s very clever. ( believe) {'m thinking of going out. ('m considering) 1 Mark .. .. (believe) that UFOs exist. 2 Sheila ..... (not/understand) the exercise. Se (see) Paula later today, (you/want) to come? 4 Martha . (love) reading science-fiction books. 5 A: Look! The cook .» (taste) the food! | think it's ready B: Great! It (smell) delicious! | can’t wait. 6 What . (you/look) at? 7 Complete the sentences using the present simple or the present continuous. Tonight, |... 1 don’t usually My friends often Right now, | Next weekend | | sometimes Speaking & Writing Answer the questions, and then use your answers to write a short paragraph about your hobby. Tell your partner. 1) What's your hobby? 2. What does it involve? 3 How much time do you spend on it? 4. Does it need any special equipment? 1ALL KINDS OF JOBS ... Jobs such as waiting tables, making deliveries, cashier work and working in customer service are always very popular. There are also some jobs available on university campuses, such as a research assistant or a teaching assistant. CAMP COUNSELLORS During the summer holiday, alot of university students choose to work at summer camps as camp counsellors. This way, they can spend time outdoors, organise sports and other activities, and have fun. There are many different “al kinds of camps, such as sports camps, language-learning camps, and technology camps, Counsellors get free room and board and they also earn a good wage. INTERNSHIPS For students who know what they want to do when they graduate, a summer internship is ideal. The job can often be low-paid or even unpaid, but it’s great experience in the student's chosen profession. For example, medical students often work as lab or research assistants, ICT students work as computer lab assistants and law students work as clerks for a law firm, The company sometimes offers the intern a job after they graduate. 12 Gana cash, part-time, earn, average wage, waiting tables, delivery, cashier, customer service, available, campus, camp counsellor, internship, profession, experience, clerk, offer Do university students in your country usually have a part-time job? What kind of jobs do they do? a) Look at the pictures in the text. What part-time jobs do you think American university students have? ? Listen, read, and check. b) Read the text again and mark the statements as T (true), F (false), or DS (doesn’t say). Correct the false statements. 1. Not many university students work to earn money. 2. The most common type of work is waiting tables in a café or restaurant. 3. Camp counsellors pay for their food and accommodation out of their wages. 4. Being a camp counsellor can help students get a job after they graduate. 5. Interns usually eam a low wage. Match the highlighted words to their synonyms. 1 perfect 4 food and usual accommodation 3 finish your degree 5 helper ETS wat type of part-time work would you like to do as 2 university student? Why? In three minutes, write a short paragraph. Read it to your partner or the class. Compare the jobs university students do in the USA to those in your country. Tell the class,Everyday English ‘p A job interview 3 Find sentences in the dialogue Read the job adverts, What which mean: Sit down, please. - kind of job is each one for? I'd like to find out about you. -1 Who should apply? understand. - You will hear from me. WANTED: Part-time waiter/waitress for busy Italian restaurant. 7 per | hour. Mon-Fri evenings. Must be hardworking & reliable. Experience Intonation: questions erred but not necessary. La Fiamma, 225 Rington Plaza, Ehoverdle Tel (0233) 7439 2 A, ©) Read the theory, then listen Cloverdale Tel. (0253) 743 984 ® ei ee a and repeat. Buzz Clothing is looking for a friendly & energetic part-time shop assistant to work evenings & weekends (10-15 hours a week). Full Yes/No questions usually have training provided. Apply to: Mr Andrews, PO BOX 21547 rising intonation. Wh- questions Application deadline: 20th September ® usually have falling intonation. LOO a) ) Listen and repeat. The sentences appear in the 4. What days can you work? dialogue below. Who says each: an interviewer ora -—-2.-Areyoua student? job applicant? 3 Do you work on Saturdays? * Please have a seat. Whats your eb? + Tell me a little about yoursel. + Why do you think you'll be a good shop assistant? Speaking + Well, think I'm hardworking and honest. * Do you have any experience in this type of work? 5 LP vou are applying for the job in advert A. Act out your interview with the employer. Follow the plan. + Here's a letter of recommendation «can start immediately. * Thank you very much for your time. b) G) Listen and read to find out. © oO Greet B and “Greet A & offer a Simon: Good morning, I'm Simon Jones. maid pelo Mr Andrews: Nice to meet you, Simon. Please have a seat. Thank B. Ask A te Sint Than ou i, Doreen seo Mr Andrews: So, Simon, tell me a little about yourself. Simon: Well, 18 years old, 'm a student, and I'm lo hieniherag Tt a o Give Ask A why he/she for a part-time job to help pay for university. Mr Andrews: | see. Why do you think you'll be a good shop nog eed holst ary edctont? about yourself. / be good at the job. Simon: Well, | think I'm hardworking and honest. People ae aes aks (describe your ‘experience. also say I'm friendly and helpful Mr Andrews: Do you have any experience in this type of work? Simon: Yes. | worked in a surf shop last summer. Here's a letter of recommendation. Mr Andrews: Oh, that’s great! If we offer you the job, when can you start? character, eto). Give details about work experience. Reply. ‘Ask when A can start. Close Simon: | can start immediately. Thank B for conversation & tell Mr Andrews: OK, Simon, | think that's all | need to know. I'll their time. ‘Ayou will contact be in touch. them. Simon: Thank you very much for your time. 1gLe e @ O 14 is) meetin GB free 7) ey 13] era) 19] Been me ly b) Which of these sports can you do: on land? on water? in the ai Have you tried any of the sports in Ex. 1a? Which ones do you want to try? Why? Use the ideas in the list and any of your ‘own ideas to tell your partner. * see amazing scenery + try something thrilling * go really fast * spend time outdoors * enjoy nature I've tried mountain biking before. | really want to try windsurfing because | think it’s fun to go really fast and spend time outdoors. 3) Listen to three people each talking about a different sport. What sport does each person do? A Rob Rachel © Luke Read the title of the text and the first sentence in each paragraph. What do you think the text is about? \» Listen and read to check. Now read the text again and for questions 1-4 choose the best answer (A, 8, C, or D). Find evidence in the text. Which of the following equipment does Sara use? A anair tank C amonofin B two flippers D aphone What happens to a freediver's lungs as they swim down? A They get a lot smaller. They become twice as big B They get 22% larger. _D_ They don’t change at all Why can Sara hold her breath for so long? A She is taller and stronger than other women. B Other activities she does help her. She has small lungs. D She meditates before she dives. What does Sara particularly enjoy when she’s diving? A the thrill of doing something dangerous B the sounds underwater C the peace and quiet D the excitement of trying to break 2 recordee eM neo ec Cee eR R eC cle cen down, a freediver's lungs shrink to the size of a lemon and on the way back they double in size. But to Sara, all this comes naturally. ‘After years of practising yoga and meditation, she can hold her breath for over five minutes and her lungs are 22% larger Cua eae Sara feels completely comfortable underwater, "I ust jump in and feel terrific. There are no distractions. Pere ke nee Cue pee nett merce RoE Om SR Om Re presenting 2 TV show, planning environmental ;mpaigns, and training to set a new world record! Use words from the section in the correct form to complete the pacences: final, deep breath, dive, carry on, surface, ‘ hold a record, ar tank, wetsuit, goggles, 1. Freedivers’ lungs .. svmnnes aS they vanaf fer; teal champion’ swim down. lungs, shrink, double in size, come 2 She ‘i as she dove naturally, meditation, hold her breath, ae ot erty, distraction, bark, totally silent, environmental campaign 3 It's underwater See There's no noise at all. Speaking & Writing 4 Divers usually wear a(n) .. $0 that | they can breathe at the bottom of the sea. 8 4 CD You are a magazine journalist | 5 Nobody is better than her at freediving. She's and your partner is Sara Campbell. Use the world... the text to help you prepare questions 6 Hef o.asssnsssen Keep the water out of her eyes and answers. Act out your interview in when she dives front of the class. | _7 Match the words in bold with their ») i, lnerinayallare salalyout Opposites below: are swimming underwater. What can you 1 expand # wun er see? How do you feel? In a few minutes, 2 old#. 5 safe # vcsse write a few sentences on the topic. Read 3 quiet # enn 6 shallow # ci them to your partner or to the class. | (P] Vocabulary Bank 1 p.\16 They help to build homes 1" BO: families, teach va ea wide varity of voluiaty °BS choose from. for children around the Wor pes ats to cieren while ty eT gating to krow the peo ‘opportunity for them 10 WC tevelop their ov skis tnigren and the aches people are taking on voluntges work elo protect an endanger SP2AeS ‘Anumber of catty 'OUPs Organs educational programmes A Many students voluneet for hase "They teach subjects. Te English and ‘community ie tet cute. is 2160 & O28, pes ot projects. rk and train ath focal teachers and. raring experience fo bmn Me ‘Yung people who are good wit ek hands or simply wou tke to help in avery practical way CA? patiipate in one of Me Teeny consiacion progecs: Sevta ‘arty organisations Nelp Tra nouses or soh008 for POO" CHO round the word. In te Milage of Kamakwie in Sea Leone tor example, a team of young vlureers bull s2°Onie ehoo for oor orphans GINS yourg Tore opponunies. mer SIMat projects are going of ee > volunteer work, unpaid wor u 3, charity, non-profit organisation, orphan, endangered spe, rj, commun develop skills, practical i Participate (ir), conservation, wildlife research, protect, conserve, monitor, effort, improve : 3 Reading 4 4a) 4) Listen and say. 5 b) How can the activities in the pictures be related to a volunteer holiday? (,) Listen and read to find out. cross poor villages research in count exo, Zanzi, orlsenee: OF Redang Is Nojunteers come from all ver ra) gato ony te beat) 2M sometimes 'k volunteer oiday 15 fF peOb! ference inthe word and are Pre and understand that th amex. To some volunteers SCT etn by helping out for oly @ COU! 8 Tat of help courts. Thanks 10 young rriions of people arcu yes, the sun is probed) nelp protect endangered species of Afrea, making sure tat Kes get an More and more youn name even rave! ote ote ee or wid anddo education ‘unpaid work for @ charity or other nor profit organisation there. For’ je interested in wildlife, conservation groups organise Serie, your Hoye WOU TS sing. You can help wife 1 ice Kenya and Botswana of PIG turtles landin Malaysia, the world to help conserve the rts monitor the tures that mand their eggs: They also craven snorkel wih the tutes ead effort to do it. Volunteers ey cannot change te word WO three that they are not dong f weeks bul, in fact, every \olunteers, the lives of he word ae improving and # el 1 stirng bight than fused 1 Read the text again and mark the sentences below T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say). Voluntourism has always been popular with young people. You don’t need any qualifications to participate in volun Volunteers get paid a small sum in return for their help. Teaching English is a popular form of voluntourism. Some volunteers don't feel that jurism. they give enough. What types of volunteet he is 1 holidays is the text about? Tell you partner or the class. :4. a) Fillin: difference, community, foreign, improve, ‘monitor, non-profit, research, volunteer. 1 Charity organisations are ......... 2 A team of aid-workers are trying to the lives of the people in the village. 3 You can make a in the world by working for a charity. 4 Wewil.. to help clean up the beach. 5 Everyone living in the . would like to make it a better place to live They...» the turtles and protect their eggs. Working in a .. country can be a very worthwhile experience. 8 Environmental organisations are doing wildlife .» all over the world. b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: hard work, organisation that helps people in need, making better, increase, willing and unpaid, watch, protect, children without parents, join in, group of people living in an area. Grammar ca pp. GR1- Infinitive/-ing forms - 6k 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive or -ing form. He's looking forward... (start) his new job on Monday. 2 Idlove tee (08) a course on interior design 3. He loves conus (work) with Kids 4_ It's getting difficult (Find) a job nowadays. 5 They didn’t let her (go) out. 6 He isn't used (work) long hours Write sentences about you and your friends/relatives. cat meet new people Pete loreal canenc uae thot wane | 90 to univesity hai start my/his etc own business fae get a summer job ae dress smartly pened to | have job interviews work in an office enjoy meeting new people, Comparisons Read the examples. How do we form the comparative/superative forms? Find more examples in the text. ‘Sam is more organised than/braver than Jo. Horry is the most organised/the bravest of al A nurse's job isn’t as dangerous asa firefighter’. Lucy is becoming busier and busier at work Holly is @ bit/a little/sightly/much/a lot more ve th Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets. Henry's JOB iS: oessnnn (interesting) than Jack's. A: Thanks for your help with my CV, Angie. BES cre eesecdlenr (little) | can do. It's getting and. (hard) for young people to get ther first job. Which job is . (tiring), a shop assistant, a waiter or a delivery person? My student days were some of .. e a ensue (ppy) Of my life! The snus (much) you prepare for an interview, the (good) you'll do. It's... .. (easy) to get 2 good job if you prepare well before. Key word transformations Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Jo organises parties really well. (GOOD) Jois parties Mark found it difficult to write his CV. (HAD) Mark... sunnah CV. ‘Ann can't wait to go to university. (FORWARD) Annis to university. Dave's job is better than John’s. (GOOD) John’s job .. as Dave's, Writing 10 ENS which of the volunteer holidays in the text would you like to go on? In three minutes write a few sentences. Tell your partner or the class. 17BD skills Vocabulary Student jobs a) () Listen and say. Si 4 Which of the jobs in Ex. 1a are popular in your country? Which would you like/ not like to do? Why? Baie Identifying key information Read the two lists of items to familiarise yourself with the content of the conversation. This will help you do the task Babysitting is a popular job for students in my Listening country. I'd like to be 0 gardener or a dog walker because I'd like to work outdoors. Read the text below. What is it? What is it for? Fill in: travelling abroad, degree, lifeguard, interests, university, shop, grades, waitress. \.») Listen and match each person (1-5) to the summer job (A-H) they have. There are two extra jobs. PEOPLE JOBS F] Sandy A shop assistant Curriculum Vitae Shane animal shelter volunteer Fiona © lifeguard — Ruth Boswell- = D_ camp counsellor 234 Park Road, Melbourne [Bridget waitress ruthb@hotmail.com (4[_] Tony Date of Birth: 05/08/1991 ult F dog walker Education 5|_] Andrea conservation group ~~ 2006-2010 volunteer 4) sonsnnnnnesna in English Literature & French, H_ swimming pool cleaner 2). nnmmunn OF Melbourne, Australia Speaking 6 Mabie close Asking for personal details Se Hcy unre: a 4 CL Youare an interviewer and your Gerad ceed 0) ir : partner is Ruth. Use the language in the box FP RERRAISRS cece pe to ask and answer questions. 2009-2010 ree 4)... swsseue Aquatics Centre, Melbourne earns 2008-2009 x oH 5) nsonnusennes, Piper's Pizzas, Melbourne ou hav 2007 Jo you have? 8) senseveneun assistant, Casval Clothing, Melbourne erests? Hobbies & 7) A; How old are you, Ruth? Learning foreign languages, swimming, scuba B: I'm 19. diving and 8)... sti 5 Write your own CV. Use Ruth's CV in Ex. 2 ” 5 sac asa model. 18A cover letter 4 Read the letter. What is the writer's purpose? 2 LD whieh of the following does Ruth include in her letter? Which paragraph is each in? previous work experience her favourite college subject her personal qualities what she looks like where she likes going on holiday her age and current position where she saw the advertisement when she can start work ME Letter writing - formal style To write a formal letter you need to use: full forms /.am writing to (NOT: 4 writing to ...) * advanced vocabulary and set phrases Please find enclosed a copy of my CV. * formal greetings and endings Dear Sir/Madam ~ Yours faithfully (when you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to) Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss Smith — Yours sincerely (when you know the name of the person you are writing to) 3 Correct the register in Ruth's letter. Replace the informal phrases in bold in her letter with the formal phrases below. [_] 1 look forward to your reply [_] Yours faithfully | am writing to apply for the position [DT_] Please find enclosed ET] I consider myself to be CET] 1am available [G1] which was advertised |_| would be a useful experience [11] trecently obtained Iel>] Writing ‘D Dear Sir/Madam, 41) want to apply for the job of parttime lifeguard 2 that I read about in the Daily Gazette on Tuesday. 3rd April. ie i xth form college and am consider sey IDE caer 3 jst got acrieat in eng vind first aid and [feel that a summer job as a lifeguard 4) is a good idea for me. ‘ Last summer, I worked as a receptionist at my local swimming pool and as a delivery person inthe evenings. 5) [think I’m hardworking and enthusiastic. I am also good at working with people. 6) Here's a copy of my CV. 7) Lean come for an interview 2 your convenience. 8)T can’t wait to hear from you. 9) Best regards, Ruth Boswell Writing (a cover letter) 4. Portfolio: You see this job advert on your college website and decide to apply. Write a cover letter (120-150 words). Follow the plan below. Check your work. WANTED &. ‘Student to work part-time in bookshop Mon-Fri evenings. Are you friendly and patient? Do you enjoy working with the public? Send cover letter and CV to: thebookshop@barns.ac.com = opening remarks, reason for writing (1am writing to.. which. current activity, qualifications, reason for wanting the job (lam... years old and... degree, ! am considering... feel that...) + experience personal qualities (Ihave..., Last... J consider myself to be.) 5: when available for interview, closing comments (Please find... am available. ook forward... Checking your work Look through your letter when you have finished to check that: + you have used a formal writing style. + you have given a good description of your experience and abilities, * you have included all the important information. DW] wetting bank Tp. wet) 19D Curricular: psHe [LETTER Read the dictionary entry. Why do you think it is important to choose the right career? key, suit, skil, interest, useful, blanket, comfort, mood, by myself, agree on, spontaneous, down-to-earth, engineer, electrician, social worker, psychologist, film director Tani (n) a job oF profession that someone does for a long period. Jack has a successful career in sales bre ae ‘ne of the keys toa happy life is enjoying the job you do. That's why finding the right job is very important. Take this test to help find a What career do you want to career that best suits your skills and interests! have? Do the test to find out Ree any Pane irae what type of career suits you ‘Acomputer —lam very helpful 4 the best. pues x PS eee cw cad b) EETITE do you agree with your result? Why? Why not? Tell the class. ee Lu or rg Eur) 4A Do you think ry iJ Ce Oe eh re rere Cand are suited to certain jobs? In three minutes, write a Pe rina bed pels Oe ace few sentences. Read them Ey epee otan lie to the class. arr ae ee 3 Complete the sentences with Penne ay words from the eestor sce cus section. Pee ee unc Ps She's very and anh Oe ecu practical. eeu 2 Oe peste seo 5 Which colour describes your personality need to be a social worker? pees 3. Dan always surprises me. He's so hee us Seen Pe cu 4 Doyou know the wn. who built the new bridge? 1 enjoy hanging out with my Mostly As friends, but | don't mind spending You are a realistic, down-to-earth person who likes to work with time aithen materials. You would make a good engineer, electrician, or 2 surgeon. Mostly Bs You are a caring and helpful 4, (ICT) choose a career that you think would suit you. Collect paoplealNical wait iba information about qualifications, psychologist. qualities, duties, wage, etc. Mostly Cs Present the job to the class and You are an artistic and creative person who is also good at j tell them why you like it. solving problems. You like coming up with new ideas, and you would be a good architect, film director, or interior designer. person who likes to work with jod nurse, social worker, orPhrasal verbs/Prepositions 4 Choose the correct particle. J [break down: 1) stop working; 2) ose control of feelings break in: enter by fore (+ break into a building) break out: 1) begin suddenly (storm, war) 2) escape break off break a piece from something bring about: cause to happen bring sb round: 1) regain consciousness; 2) persuade bring raise a child 1. The machines at the factory where Dan works often break down/up. 2 Michael's grandparents brought him up/about on a farm. 3 Ann broke out/down and started crying when she heard she didn’t get the job. 4 The nurse brought him about/round gently after the operation. 5 The police are still looking for the prisoner who broke down/out of prison yesterday. 6 When Sally dropped her cup, the handle broke up/off. 7 Thieves broke into/out our house while we were at the cinema. 2 Choose the correct preposition. 1. I don't mind working on my own, but | prefer working as part in/of a team. 2. Students often get a job to help pay about/for university 3 Harry wants to apply to/for a job as a lifeguard. 4 Smokejumpers jump out of/for aeroplanes into/ ; by burning forests. A smokejumper is a type of firefighter. 2 UFO stands for Unusual Flying Object. 3. Over half of all university students in the USA have a part-time job. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements. Read through Module 1 and write a quiz of your own. fi as they swim down. Language in Use | Word formation 3 Fill in the correct word derived from the word in brackets. Word Formation - Person Nouns We use -er (work - worker, -or (sc sist (or - artis) ian (magic magician, 00 (employ - employee) and -ant (sist ~ ossistant) to form person nouns t ~ sculptor, 1 It takes a great .... to make a great film. (DIRECT) 2A ‘an learn alot about the country they stay in. (TOUR) 3 An .. should always be pleasant, polite and wel prepared. (INTERVIEW) 4 The flight . ._ asked everyone to stay in their seats after the aeroplane landed. (ATTEND) 5 Sue is paying an interior to decorate her new flat. (DESIGN) 6 The conn i$ fixing the light in the dining room at the moment. (ELECTRIC) Collocations 4 fil zone, breath, shifts, long, put out, read, hold, wages, part-time, double. Use the completed phrases in sentences of your own, 1 Work nnnhours ) 6 work 2. get low 7 havea job 3 fire. 8 to amap 4 thefire | 9. in size 5 take a deep 10 to arecord 4 A freediver's lungs get smaller 5 Sara Campbell was the first woman to dive to a depth of 90 metres. ae 6 You shouldn't give your address ‘on your CV.Listening a) Read the rubric, then the sentences 1-6. Underline the key words in the sentences. {You will héara conversation between @ gil, ‘Lucy, and a boy, Liam, about jobs. Decide if ' each sentence is correct (A) or incorrect (B). | YES NO \wey’s brother doesn’t know she has a part-time job. A Lucy wants a career as alifeguard. A Lucy would like to work at the beach. A Liam is working to help his father out. A Lucy and Liam are working at the same time, Lugy’s planning to order pizza at work. A > b) &) Do the listening task. Compare your answers with your partner's. Reading Read the rubric and the sentences A-F. Do the reading task. Look at the sentences A‘, then read the + { text to decide which sentence matches each | xtra sentence, ' In fact, the Epper family has been doing death- defying stunts since the 1930s. However, that doesn’t mean there haven't been lots of injuries. His family and relatives are calling out to him from below. She has been in the business for over 60 years and is still going strong, Why would a mother be telling her son to jump off a building? Of all the crazy risk-takers in this family, there is one name that stands out as being the toughest of the bunch. Ten-year-old Matt is standing on the edge of the roof. [T]_] He can't hear what they're saying because his heart is beating louder than their calls. Matt is afraid, Suddenly, he hears his mother's voice. “Just jump, Matt!” You're probably wondering what's going on. 2Z]_] Well, in Matt's family it’s a phrase you hear all the time and Matt's jump is his initiation into the family business. Matt was born into a family of stuntmen. [3] _] They are the fearless Eppers of Hollywood and danger is their middle name. If Matt does decide to become a stuntman, he will be the fourth generation of Eppers in the business. If you're watching someone hanging from a helicopter or a dangerous car stunt, it's probably an Epper doing a hard day's work. They have appeared in films like Die Hard, Commando and Transformers. 4]_] Her name is Jeannie Epper who happens to be Matt's great-grandmother. She is considered to be the greatest stuntwoman who's ever lived and has received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Oscars. [5]_] She worked as a stunt double for Linda Carter in Wonder Woman and Linda Evans in Dynasty. So what's it like living with the Eppers? Well, with all the banged-up body parts, you might hear a lot of creaky bones. Every day, somewhere in Hollywood there is an Epper flipping a car or setting themselves on fire. ‘According to Matt's great-grandmother, “When we do stunts, there's just no room for fear. You just have to close your eyes and jump!”Speaking 3 a) Read the rubric, then do the task. + Each of you will tal | something. You will each have a! | photograph of a person doing a job. | | Student A: show your photograph to ! 1 1 jour own about | Student B and then tell him/her what you can see in the picture. 1 Now, Student B: show your photograph to Student A and then tell him/her 5 what you can see in the picture. b) Read the rubric, then in pairs do ‘the task. Use phrases in the Useful language box. {The ‘photographs show people doing + * jobs. Now, I'd like you to talk together | a { about the jobs you would like to do in | «the future giving reasons for your choice. | think/To me the most suitable job is .. because (meet lots of people, responsible, earn good money, travel a lot, etc) I think ... would be a good job because ... best option because J seems the ©) 4) Listen to two people doing the task. Which job does each speaker choose? What reasons does each give to support their choice? Completing a text Read the text once to get the gist. Read again carefully and try to understand what part of speech ’s missing in each gap, ie. noun, adjective, etc. This will help you do the task. Read the completed text to see if it makes sense. Word formation 4 Complete the gaps with the correct form of the words in brackets. Gough’s Cave, near the village of Cheddar in Somerset, where cheddar cheese 1). (ORIGIN), is a popular tourist attraction. The cave is part of Cheddar Gorge, a spectacular valley with breathtaking scenery. The cave reaches about 400 metres into the rock and contains a number of large chambers and 2) (NATURE) structures, such as stalactites and stalagmites. An underground river created the caves which feature some 3). (INTEREST) historic remains. Explorers of the area have found cave paintings and carvings and also the grave of the 4) . (OLD) complete human skeleton in the country, Cheddar Man. Scientists believe he died over 8,000 years ago and they have discovered, through DNA 5) (TEST), that his distant relative is a school teacher who still lives in Cheddar! Writing (a letter of application - Writing Bank p. WB1) 55 Read the rubric, then do the task. ' lave seen an advert for a chef training + i course and want to apply. Write a cover! letter to apply for the job. In your letter ; | write where you saw the advert, why you! i | think you could be a good chef and ask ! uestions about the course (120-150 word:24 | ‘ asi Fill in: parachute, curious, earn, take, campus, enthusiastic, breath, carry, duty, champion. Sam is very and always asks lots of questions. I want to up street luge because it looks amazing. Sally is very . about her work. can get to the university library very quickly because | live OM wan bes He jumped out of the burning aeroplane and opened his. It’s a doctor's ...... to save a patient. I hold my the sea. ‘to do his best every time | dive in — on with your work. You must finish it before 5 pm. 9 He's the world ...... for the third time. 410 Students often do odd jobs to extra money, 10x2=20 marks Circle the correct word. 1. Samuel does his job good / well. 2. Be carefully / careful with my bag. 3 Does Liam always arrive lately / late to school? 4. Jim thinks that the task is easy / easily. 5. Lola is great. She works hardly / hard 6 Smokejumpers are brave / bravely men. 6x2=12 marks Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Dan wn «. (go) to a job interview tomorrow. 2 Patricia ... .. (want) to buy some old coins 3 Dean .. (not/believe) in ghosts. 4 What . . (Claire/do) at the moment? 5 Amy w« (think) her new job is great. 5x4=20 marks ‘A, Put the verbs in brackets into the (to) infinitive or the -ing form. 1. She's looking forward . .. (go) to university. 2 Peter has difficulty .. (find) an evening job. 3. They don’t let him . (work) the night shift. 4 He agreed 5 Id prefer ... at the university library. _ (work) at weekends (get) a part-time job 5x2=10 marks 5 Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct form. 1 He earns .. (much) money than his brother. 2 Days are getting and (long). 3 Ann'salot (hardworking) than Sheila. 4 Claire works of all in the office 5 She's .. -wos (friendly) person at work 5x2=10 marks (long) hours G Match 1-4 with A-D to make exchanges. T[_] Doyouhave any A Thank you. experience? B Icanstart immediately. 2[_] We'll be in touch. 3]_] Please have a C Yes, | worked part- time last summer. poe D Thank you very 41] When can you much for your time start? 4x2=8 marks Write a cover letter for a job you would like to do (80-100 words). ona Total: 100 marks ee aac Lea) talk and write about jobs and careers talk and write about hobbies talk about immediate plans for the future talk and write about part-time jobs act out a job interview ask for personal information rite a cover letter GOOD / VERYGOOD // EXCELLENT ///j Vocabulary: cultural activities, travel experiences, historical attractions, types of music performanc ding material and books Grammar: past continuous, past continuous vs past simple, used to, past perfect/past perfect ntinuous Everyday English: expressing opinions Pronunciation: intonatior pressing emotions ahaa Culture & Stories ent; an Culture Corner: London's Top Historical Attractions: Curricular (ICT): working Phrasal verbs: fal, get, give Word formation: abstract nouns from v ‘Over To you! What did you do last weekend?26 Za Seeing the world He Vocabulary Travel experiences 4 a) Fillin: got bitten, got stolen, went on, tried, got caught, made, travelled, caught. «») Listen and check, then say. b) Have you had any of these experiences while travelling? Tell your partner. A: | once got caught in bad weather in Ireland. It rained a lot and it was very windy. What about you? B: | went on a boat trip around the Caribbean once and | got seasick! It was horrible, Reading 2. Look at pictures 1-8, What do you think happened to John in india and Thailand? \ Listen, read and check. Read again and complete the sentences. 1 In India, John wanted to visit but he went to ........ He went back to Delhi by s It took John... . to get back to Delh During his boat trip, John felt He lost his passport because . by mistake, wewn al some spicy food, tay He f aboary trip and go seas, easick, K a) Choose the correct word. 1. He shared/divided his adventures with hs friends. 2. We grabbed/caught the first train home. 3 Ican't stand mosquitoes biting/stinging me. 4 The wind started puffing/blowing strongly as ‘we were going to the village. 5 We took an hour to reach/arrive the village. b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: divided, adventures, hot, took quickly, societies, arrive in, calm. see Grammar 63 Past continuous 5 Read the table. Find examples in the text. We use the past continuous to talk about actions in progress at a certain time in the past. Form: was/were + main verb + -ing AFFIRMATIVE He/Shent was travelling. We/VouThey were traveling Time expressions used with the past continuous: while, when, as, all day/moming/yeer, etc, at 8 o'clock yesterday morning, etc. Spelling: + verb +-ing talk- tokking + verb -e + -ing make - moking | + onessylable verb ending in vowel + consonant + double consonant + -ing swim ~ swimming * a stressed vowel between two consonants -» double consonant + -ing begin ~ beginning | was trovelling You were travelling,Hi, 'm John Thompson from Chicago, USA. I'm 19 years old, and | was travelling around the world all last year. | learnt so much about different cultures and | had some crazy experiences, too. | thought share some of my adventures with you. | hope you enjoy them! Travelling by oxcart! | was traveling in India last September. One day, | somehow caught the wrong bus while trying to get from Delhi to Agra to see the Taj Mahal. | ended up in a smal village in the middle of nowhere! “Next bus back to Delhi... tomorrow,” the bus criver told me. Just then, a man was passing by with an oxcart. The bus driver stopped him. Before | knew it, | was siting on top of some saoks on the man's cart, and we were heading back to the city. Most of the way, it was raining, and mosquitoes were buzzing around the ox and biting me. Sanjit only spoke Hindi, but he was smiling and laughing al the way, and he even shared his lunch with me. It was very spicy but delicious. It took us four hours to reach Delhi! Despite the rain and mosquitoes, it was a lot of fun, Big waves and little monkeys! | had another crazy day while | was visiting the Phi Phi Islands in Thailand in March. One ‘moming, | decided to go on a long-til boat rip around the istands. Unfortunately, the wind was blowing strongly that day and before long, | was feeling very seasick. So, | was very relieved when we stopped at a place called ‘Monkey Beach’. Hundreds of monkeys were running towards us as we got off the boat. But then, as | was feeding @ piece of pineapple to ‘one monkey, another grabbed my small backpack and quickly ran into the bushes with it | tried to un after it, butit was too fast. The bag had my passport in it! | never saw my passport again. | had to get a new one from my embassy in Bangkok! culture, experience, adventure, end up, in the middle of nowhere, pass by, sack, head back to, buzz around, bite, share, long-tail boat, 4rab, bush, run after, passport, embassy a) () Listen to Sarah talking about her experience while travelling in Ecuador, and put the events in the order they Use the verbs in the list in the past continuous to complete the sentences. + write + buy * ride * take (x2) happened. At 11 o'clock yesterday morning. [A]_] She realised it was just a branch 1 John .... . camel in the desert, B] | Her kayak hit a rock and she fell out. 2 Harry and Suzy .. photos [C]_] it was moving closer to her. of the Pyramids. DI] She decided to go on a kayaking trip. 3 Peter nnn a boat trip on the Nile River. E]_] She saw a crocodile in the water. 4. Kim and $M nnn souvenirs sypntal erence b) Use the sentences from Ex. 8a to write a short account of the story for Ann's travel website. Tell the class. Tel cueradner eat Galctere cong’ 1 was travelling in Ecuador and | decided.. at 9 o'clock last night, yesterday morning, at 10 o'clock this morning. Which of the two adventures in the text did you enjoy most? Why? In three At 9 o'clock last night, ! was writing emails. minutes, write a few sentences. Tell the class. > 7‘The Story of 100 C) Google was the brainchild of Larry Page and Sergey Brin. They met in 1995 at Stanford University, USA, while they were studying Computer Science. You could say Google started with an argument as, at first, Sergey and Larry didn’t really get ont! In fact, they argued and disagreed on just about everything. However, there was one thing they did share: a commitment to making the Internet more user-friendly. At that time, Internet search engines were slow and complicated. They listed search results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page. Larry and Sergey found this frustrating. An idea came to them: why not list search results according to a website's popularity? So, they set about creating a search engine that could calculate how important a particular web page was. At first, their research received a fair amount of criticism from experts, but the two friends didn’t give up and managed to raise enough money from investors, family and friends to support themselves. While they were developing the search engine, Larry and Sergey realised it needed a catchy name. They were inspired by a mathematical word, ‘gogo!’ which means ‘1 followed by a hundred zeros’. They thought it was a really good name, considering the endless amount of information available on the Net, and so ‘gogo!’ became ‘google’. In 1998, Larry and Sergey set up their office in a friend's garage and Google went brainchild, argument, search 120 online. Soon, they were answering thousands of search requests per day. People engine, commitment, really liked Google's simple, neat design and, of cours, its speedy performance! iendly, complicated, Before long, Sergey and Larry moved their operations to a new headquarters they frustrating, popu called Googleplex. calculate, a fair amount, titidsm, investor cate, In 2000, Google introduced ten foreign language versions and officially became rooted reat bertammezce, 25. the world’s most popular search engine. Google now responds to about a ilion headauarters, respond, fade | search requests per day and its success shows no signs of fading. For most people seeking information, Google is the place to go! Reading & Speaking 3 a) Complete the sentences with words/ phrases from the Grrr 4 What is Google? What does its name mean? How do you think it got started? pee ) Listen and read to find out. 1. Google made the Internet more for everyone. 2 Read the text again and mark the sentences 2 They thought of a... below T (true) or F (false). name to attract attention. 1 Larry and Sergey usually shared the Sa CSIC ere cane find the information you want on the Internet. 2. Google was the first search engine Bale Oau pre INe wot on teats 5 The company's plans received a lot of .. 3. From the very beginning, everybody so they didn’t go ahead. thought Google was a good idea. b) Match the words in bold with their 4 It took a while for Google to become meanings: fast, difficult, idea, promise, successful with Internet users. work out, help, negative comments, 5 Google is gaining popularity nowadays. formally, disagreement, easy to remember, 28 becoming less.Past continuous vs A. a) Tell the class a short summary of the text. past simple b) ira Imagine Google went down Read the theory. Find more examples in the for a week. How would this affect the text in Ex. 2. lives of those who use it every day? In Be three minutes write a few sentences. ( PAST CONTINUOUS Tell the class. © for actions which were happening at a specific time in see the past. Pp..GR3- We were sleeping at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon. Grammar Jeu + for tw atens happening at ese tne the past Past continuous. (negative, Sam was working in the garden while was cooking dinner. interrogative & short answers) | for an action happening when another action interrupted | it. He was reading a book when the doorbell rang, 15 Read the table. How do we form the negative TASTE and interrogative in the past continuous? — — * '* for completed actions in the past. He left last Monday. NEGATIVE ) '* for actions which happened one after the other in the [wasn’t working He/She/It wasn’t working past. He went down the cellar stairs, opened the door, You weren't working. | We/Vow/They weren't working, Lesa wales insite ) Were you working? Was heshelt working? | Yes, he/Shevit was./ INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Was | working? Yes, | was.No, | wasn’t Put the verbs in brackets into the past Ws vadiivere/ | continuous or the past simple. No, you weren't. Were we/you/they No, he/she/it wasn’t. working? Yes, welyouthey were/ In 2004, 23-year-old Mark “4 No, weyourtey weren't. Zuckerberg, 1) om (launch) Facebook while he Form questions and full answers based on seosssevees (Study) at Harvard University the text in Ex. 2, as in the example. People 3) .. (want) a university website with students’ profiles, so 0 Mark 4) Larry and Sergey/study/Maths in 19957 (decide) to do something about it. 1,200 students Were Larry and Sergey studying Maths in 1995? J 5)... (sign up) within 24 hours! He ‘No, they weren't. They were studying Computer } then 6) (expand) the site to include Science. other universities. Mark 7) Search engineslstresultsfaccording to popularity’ | face) some difficulties, though. Three Harvard. seniors before Google? 8) (insist) that while Zuckerberg Larry and Sergey/workifrom their house in 1998? } 9) i sees (WOFK) On a similar project People use Google/in 19987 with them, he 10) Hasta (use) their ideas to create Facebook. This 11)... lesecesanesss (not/stop) Mark, though, and Facebook soon (D> Use the words to ask and answer i ; WD spss (become) the biggest social muesuons/in Pans: networking site in the world with 500 million users to date. you/study/9 o'clock yesterday evening? “ A: Were you studying at 9o‘clock yesterday evening? B: No, | wasn’t. | was watching TV. Speaking & Writing you/walk in the park/last Sunday afternoon? - you/chat on the phone/an hour ago? 40 BETTE imagine you are Mark in Ex.9. Yor lejdleat dinneta o'lock last ight? Describe the events leading up to your creation Fetes Satay ring of Facebook. Tell your partner or the class. (Vocabulary Bank 2p. ves) 292 30 Read again and match the sentences 1-6 to the places A-C. It was a place to keep criminals, Fire destroyed it It has got branches in other countries. There are birds livi there. ] It was originally a palace The person who started it was from France. Match the words in bold to their definitions. Say three things you learnt from the text. D [IT Name three historical attractions in your country. Write a short information leaflet about these three places. Write: their names, how old they are, what they were, what they are nowadays. BAINES neat, prison, tegen, landmark, government, f destroy, wax model, entrance The Tower of London ‘The Tower of London started its life nearly one thousand years ago a5 a castle. It is the oldest castle, palace and prison in Europe. Guy Fawkes was in the Tower when it was a prison in the 17th century. ‘Today the Tower of London is a popular tourist attraction. Ravens live in this place. Legend has it that if they escape, then England won't be a free country any more. The Houses of Parliament The Houses of Parliament is a famous landmark and tourist attraction in London. It dates back to the 11th century. Then, it was Westminster Palace. King Henry Vil offered the palace to the government in 1530. it got a new name: the Houses of Parliament. Fire destroyed much of the palace in 1834. @ Madame Tussauds Madame Tussaud, a French wax model maker, ‘opened a small museum in London in 1835. The museum had 400 wax figures of famous people They al looked real. Today Madame Tussauds is one of the most popular tourist attractions in London with 3 milion visitors a year. There are Madame Tussauds in many other cities PYM Eight years before her death, Madame Tussaud ) | created a wax self-portrait. You can see it at | | the entrance to her museum. ) /Expressing opinions Listen and say. Which type of performance did you last see? Did you enjoy it? Tell the class. 29 b) Mark: Julie Mark: Julie Mark: Julie Mark: Julie © Listen and say. Which sentences: ask for an opinion? express a positive () opinion? express a negative (x) opinion? + What was it like? «It was fantastic! «The dancers were amazing! * Did you enjoy it? « Not really «It was nothing special. What did Julie and Mark do on Saturday? Did they like it? > Listen and read the dialogue to find out. Hi, Julie ~ it’s Mark! | tried calling you on Saturday night, but you didn’t answer your phone. Oh, hi Mark! Yes, sorry! | was at the ballet. Really? What was it like? It was fantastic! The dancers were amazing! What did you do on Saturday? Oh, | just stayed home with my brother and we watched a film on TV. Did you enjoy it? Not really. It was nothing special. Listen, do you want to go for a walk later? Sure! 3 _ Find sentences in the dialogue which mean: Of course! - What did you think of it? - Did you have a good time? - It wasn’t great. Intonation: expressing feelings 4 a) 4) Listen and say. = ~ Really? Really? interest/surprise/enthusiasm disbelieffannoyance b) () Now listen and tick (/) the adjective that best describes each speaker's feelings. Is each speaker's intonation rising or falling? Listen again and say. 1 Idon't believe it! a annoyed b surprised 2. What's the problem? a interested ] b annoyed [_] 3 Sure! a enthusiastic] b disbelieving [_] 4 No way! a surprised [| b annoyed [_] Speaking 5 CD imagine you saw a performance last Saturday and your partner is asking you about it. Use the sentences in Ex. 2a to act out your dialogue. Follow the diagram. ° °o Say who it is & explain you tried “Greet A & say where you calling on Saturday. me were, Express surprise & ask B > Give your opinion & ask what it waslike. what A did on Saturday. Say what you did. “A Ask if A enjoyed what Reply. Suggest doing. he/she did something later. ‘Agree. 31| Pe nee ae enue eae Eure ut isa tate: oie (ts forget about the latest pop video. Take a look at a P truly original style of musical performance: Chinese q | ‘opera. Last month | was on a trip in Shanghai. | was 5 4 PER mR Rieu ence) Sree RU Re CERRO Re AN ECT Roe LL Oo Cee N A in ume ue Macs Pee ee ee Pee ho Mm mea m CC le Te MRR OR GD Rete nC sec) Caer ARM aR eae Oa CR er Ce ec Re Cee en eC Pa Ce ces eect mickerttt ely Ne ack urccs acne ct hod wear bright colours to stand out in the dark The singing was quite strange ~ very sharp and high-pitched. 20 res eee COU en ae a ee street performers used to sing that way so that their voices Mens tes Revie MMM Coren Cary Ree eR eRe Cm Ci ur Cee Rees aT cy folk tale. A white snake changes into a beautiful girl, and 25 RURAL UUM ee eee RS a \, the story through song; the dancing and acrobatics were fantastic, too. The actors used not only their faces but also ‘their whole bodies to act out the story and show their emotions. These actors train very hard at opera schools for years 30 SE SUC Ree Cnet kes SEGHERY because the actors use a lot of symbols to help tell the story. An actor galloping with a whip, for example, means they PC Eee eee aCe RC ee as CO UCCICR UCM e Marer ic Tay cL ROC Ce Rear eo ae ee DMUs te See ene ieee Ree NCU es ee me eM cca Teer UCR tie emu UCR m ag finale, it was breathtaking to see them all on stage 40 together in their bright costumes and make-up. | didn’t think that opera was for me, but | can't believe how Reon Recs eae Renee ac) e ss and read the title ntence of each title, photographs and the first and the la: 0 g entry. What in each paragraph help us predict the rais like? to find out.a) Read the text again. For each CTC ute MeL correct answer A, B, C or D. When Chinese opera first started, A it didn’t have any lighting. B_ performances took place outside. © there was no stage or costumes. D it wasn't very popular. 2. Inthe past, the actors wore costumes that were Avery simple. B only red, gold, and silver C easy to see. a D easy to wear. 3 The actors sang in a high-pitched voice because they wanted to A help the audience hear. B follow tradition. make the audience laugh. D attract more attention. The audience mainly follow the story of a Chinese opera through the singing and A allot of props and scenery. B the colours on the characters’ costumes. C changes in the lighting. D the characters’ movement and make-up. At the end, we learn that Iris was A planning to see the opera again. B surprised that she enjoyed the opera C not interested in going to another opera. D unsure if her readers would enjoy Chinese opera. b) Match the words in bold in the text with their meanings: amazing & impressive, something I lke, be clear, shows, there for a short time, be heard. Match the highlighted words in the text with their descriptions (1-7). The people who take part in the performance. This rises at the beginning of the performance and comes down at the end The actors & actresses wear these The objects or furniture used in a performance. The performances take place on these. The painted backgrounds that show where the story takes place. 7. The use of lights to give different effects during the show. ancient times, hanging, lantern, grand, start out, fier, ribbon, kaleidoscope, sharp, high-pitched, Crowd, gather, fallin love with, acrobatics, emotion, gallop, whip, somersault, reveal, loyalty, Y bravery, warrior, wild, cruelty see G HOF p.GR6 a) Read and find examples in the text. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE WoulHe, etc used to go urbe, etc didn’t use to to musica’ a lot as a child. | go to the opera INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS Did Wyourhe, etc use to go | Yes, iyou to the cinema: No, c did. etc didn't ‘We use used to or the past simple for past habits or actions that happened regulary in the past but do not happen now. He used to have/had short hair. BUT He went to the Oper yesterday. (NOT: He used to-go to the Opera yesterday.) b) Write sentences about ancient Greek theatre using used to/didn't use to. 1 it/be/very popular (7) It used to be very popular. 2 Women/perform (x) 3. They/perform in outdoor theatres. (V7) 4 The actors/wear masks (7) 5. The actorsiwear make-up (x) Write two things you used to do when you were 10 and two things you didn’t use to do. When I was 10, | used to go to the cinema every week. Make notes under the headings. Use them to present the Chinese opera to the class. costumes * singing + actors * stage props/scenery * make-up Im iy In three minutes write three reasons why someone should attend a Chinese opera. Tell another group or the class. 33<>- The Haun yf York IF you like the idea of exploring historic places around the wor ee Rd me agile pent et EL ean algal ere ee cag anc city tour of York and walk along thea em Bete roa ae carats aD ee oN Sean ee eae an tourists as they are an entertaining and a history, One York ghost story, however Uae ben ee ae ne day in February 1953, a plumber, Harry Martindale, had been in the palin TT ee TO aaa Remon si rus maniac ia nen ee rn a a Gee Ree ger ued Cm eee RTE ness phone pie aS uo Schon a en fone Rarer Scag se he couldn't see thei legs ee Mec ana em mm CraLDy Peartar cca Cae: Maybe the soldiers he re the missing soldiers and they were ier Cc oa SRC haunted, explore, historic, found, fascinating, ancient wall medieval cathedral, wander, cobbled street, ghost, spooky, stand out, march, shield, spear, terrified, find out, go missing, ghostly attraction a) Look at the pictures. Which Read again and number the events in the order they shows: happened. Use the pictures to tell your partner a 1 a plumber working in a cellar? summary of the story, 4 Rae fll [AT_] He saw the helmet of a Roman soldier coming through 3. Roman soldiers marching, carrying ceed shields and spears? [BJ] A horse with a Roman soldier on it walked through the 4 aman running out of a cellar? cellar. C[_] Harry ran out of the cellar. b) ) Now listen to the sounds. What do you think the text is E He he Satie | B eard a strange noise like a trumpet coming from the wal [D[_] Harry Martindale, a plumber, went to work in the cellar. 4) Listen, read and check. ‘L_] Twenty Roman soldiers marched through in pairs, carrying shields and spears. 341 cathedrals; 4 The 1) historieMhistorical city of York is a 2) popular/ typical holiday destination in England. The Romans 3) created/founded York almost 2,000 years ago on the: north east bank of the River Ouse. Tourists enjoy 4) wondering/wandering York's narrow streets during ‘the daytime and taking part in ghost 5) walks/marches at right. People believe that lot of places there are Fill in: medieval, city, cobbled, ghost, ancient. Use the phrases to make sentences. . tour; 2 tity walls; 3 soeets; 5. _.....,. Choose the correct word. Check in your dictionaries. 6) ghostiy/haunted. One such place is the Treasurer's House whose 7)history/story is quite fascinating. A plumber working there heard a noise, then saw Roman Soldiers coming through the walls 8) earrying/bringing Shields and spears. When the plumber 9) observed/ Noticed the soldiers had no legs, he left the cellar 10) terrified/atraid. see 9p. GR4- Grammar Past perfect/Past perfect "ars continuous 5 Read the theory. Find examples in the text. Past Perfect Continuous (had been + verb -ing) AFFIRMATIVE | ourhe, etc had been working | NEGATIVE Uyouhe, etc hadn't been working, INTERROGATIVE Had \/youwhe, etc been working? Yes, Wyourhe, etc had ‘SHORT ANSWERS | wo, wyou/he, etc hadn't Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous They went to the museum after they (Finish) their homework. They got lost because they (not/take) a map with them She .. (already/arrange) to go to Edinburgh 0 she didn’t come with us to York Tery .»- (work) in the cellar since morning and he felt very tired. He ... (not/sleep) for two days and felt exhausted Her eyes were red snonneon (She lery)? She... Alive) in York for ten years before she decided to move to London 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous, past perfect or the past perfect continuous. A scary night! ) (decide) to spend the night in a haunted castle. They 2) (travel) since morning 50 they 3) (Feet) very tired when they finally 4) (arrive) late in the evening, After they 5) 2 light dinner, they 6) to their room. They 7) B: for an hour, when suddenly they 8) Last summer, jim and his friend Bob (have) (go) straight (lie) in their beds (hear) loud footsteps inthe corridor. They 9) (try) to open their door, but it seemed it 10) (Get stuck)! Eventually, the door 11) (open) and a woman in a white dress 12) (appear). She 13)... 18) 15) 16) (walk) slowly and (sing) a sad song. They immediately (run) out of the castle and never (go) back again Key word transformations Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in bold. He had lunch, then he visited the library. (AFTER) He visited the library «lunch, The museum closed before we arived. (TIME) The museum ... we got there They waited at the bus stop for an hour, then the bus came. (UNTIL) The bus didn’t come for an hour atthe bus stop. She spent the whole morning in the garden and she was tired. (WORKING) She im the garden since morning and she was tired. They didn’t take a compass with them and they lost the way. (TAKEN) They got lost because they .... with them. 351 By Skills Vocabulary Types of reading material a) The bar chart shows what types of reading material UK teens prefer. Use the language below to read it + Most people/The majority (80% +) © Alot of (60%-70%) * Half of (50%) * Twenty percent of (20%) * A few (10%) * Very few (5%) * No one (0%) Most people prefer reading books. | enjoy reading fantasy novels. My favourite one is It's about BwNs b) What do you prefer reading? How often do you read? CLASSIC NOVEL a) Listen and aioe say. What do agUNOuil you enjoy i reading? HORROR b) What's your favourite book? What is it about? ROMANCE PENTEL) Listening 2 You'll hear Brian and Stacey talking about books they read recently. For sentences 1-6 listen and tick (7) Pye Nain . Snr’ (Bataan) T (true) or F (false). T Stacey has just read a biography. ‘She really liked the book. She found the ending a bit slow Others recommended this book to Brian. He liked it from the beginning. He has read lots of other similar books. magazines newspapers Speaking 4. @) ? Listen and repeat. ‘A: What are you reading, Suzy? B: It’s a fantasy novel called The Golden Compass by Philip Pullman. A: What's it about? B: It’s about a girl who lives in a strange universe. A: Isit good? B: Yes, it’s great. | can’t put it down! b) CL Use the ideas below and the language in the box to replace the words in bold and act out similar dialogues. You can use your own ideas. 1 adventure novel - The Lost Symbol, Dan Brown ~ a historian who must follow an ancient symbol 2. fantasy novel ~ Clockwork Angel, Cassandra Clare - a teenager who tries to save the world Itisn’t that good, really. +I don't really like it, + It's greatfantastic amazing, et. | eally love it Is boring/slow-moving/ ‘+m really enjoying it dull, ete +L can't put it down, I'm not realy enjoying it. 5 D> Discuss the questions, then tell the class about your partner's reading habits. 1. What do you usually read? 2. How much time do you spend reading? 3 Where do you read? (at home, on the bus/train, in a café, etc) 4 What was the last book you read? What was it called? What was it about? ‘Anna often reads crime thrillers. She reads every dayA story 4 Read the rubric. What should you write? Should it be a first- ora third-person narrative? Your college English club has | 180 words and submit it. The { best story will appear in next 1 month's club newspaper. 2 Read the story and answer the questions, How does the writer set the scene? character - place - time - weather 2 Which is the climax event in th story? end? 5° Read the Wi ing Tip. Using adjectives & adverbs Use a variety of adjectives and adverbs to make your story more interesting. [A tall thin man walked slowly towards us b) Which adjectives does the author use to describe the following? * the rooms + the castle * the floor * the man * the man’s clothes + the workman * the guide ) List all the adverbs used in the story. Sequence of events in stories ‘Always write the events in a story in the order they happened. This helps the reader follow the story. asked its members to send in | stories about strange experiences jf they had. Write your story in 120- j 3 How did the characters feel in the . ‘Smith ‘The Haunted Castle by Ben fr to visit et fend Danny and | decided to ne afternoon last winter, my frien ee ye quickly went inside. ; We walked slowly oe . a o was huge and empty and all w eas, on ie tone floor, We wandered around for half a ised that we were lost. Luckily, as we turned a ‘clothes and carrying a lantern. told us about the paintings on t dark, cold rooms and corridors. The id hear was the sound of our sn hour before we atl mang lionel f Aswewalked, he He asked for us: to follow him. he walls He spoke in astange okashioned 1d when | asked him a question, ‘he didn’t answer. le sien Tal we turned around to thank oui ute rest ts uC in about is ie, we chatted to a friendly workman about oar oo vstmetthe castle's ghost Lord Fredrick! He was an arts ante Foie eat in the 1h century. He sometimes helps VitOs a hi . excitedly aaa about his painting,” he told us exc toe aesentaite and | srted shaking. We felt very BF red, Well never forget this experience sormer, we saw ‘owner of the cas shocked and ‘4. Replace the adjectives and adverbs in the paragraphs below with: quickly, roaring, horrible, extremely, heavily, relaxing, terrifying, chilly. It was a(n) 1) very cold evening. I was hurrying home and looking forward to a(n) 2) good night in front of a(n) 3) nice fire. Suddenly, it started raining 4) a lot and I decided to get a taxi. 5 a 4? Listen to an experience Ben had while he was in Rio de Janeiro and answer the questions in the plan. (Plan) — The Best Dancer Para 1 Who were the main characters? Where were they? What were they doing? What was the weather ike? Paras 2 & 3: What happened? (The events of the story in the order they happened.) What was the climax event? Para4: What happened in the end? How did the main character(s) feel? b) Imagine you are Ben. Use ideas from Ex. Sa to wri his story for the college magazine (120-200 words). Writing Bank p. W82) 37aD Curricular: ict 42) How do you communicate with your friends? Do you use social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, etc? b) How do social networking sites work? Listen, read and check. Do you use Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Friendster or Linkedin? If so, then you are part of a social network. Social networking sites allow us to see our social connections. We can see our friends and their friends through pictures and links in a usertriendly interface. When you @@atté/a profile on a social networking site, you open up a huge range of possible social ‘connections. You can look up old friends, make new friends and share music, photos and videos with them. You can also join groups based On| your interests or hobbies, favourite TV shows or music. ‘Setting/up a social networking account is simple. You just create and post a personal profile. For this you need a login name, password and an email account. Thon you add some personal information such as name, age, sex, location, interests, etc. You can also add a photo of yourself. You can personalise your profile and share as much information about yourself ‘as you want. You can also control who sees your profile. For example, you can make sure that you only ‘allow the friends that you have added to your network 2a) Read again and answer the questions ‘What is the purpose of social networking sites? How do you set up a social networking account? How can you personalise your profile? How do you build up your list of friends? wounune starting, search, make bigger. Use the words in the @YTRUret Nur) box to 38 tell your partner about social networks. What kinds of things can you do when you create a profile? What different kinds of social network sites are there? Why are some companies creating their own social networks? b) Match the highlighted words with their meanings: depending on, let, communicate, fashion, make, to see it. The next step is to search the network for ‘your contacts, tbrowse for new ones and add them to your network. You can invite offline friends to join by ‘email or search for friends who are already signed up by name, school, or workplace. Then you can search your friends’ connections for anyone else you'd like to ‘add to your network. Different social networking sites allow people to i in different ways. There are straightforward sites that allow you to jexpand your personal community such as Facebook. Then there are ones that involve media sharing, such as YouTube, where members upload and look at other people's pictures and videos. There are also ones that specialise in sharing music, such as Last.FM, and finally, ones that allow bloggers to form online communities, such as Livejournal. The latestitrend in social networking is to create your ‘own independent social network. Companies do this to promote their brand and individuals can do it to create a very tight-knit community Creek social networking site, connection, user-friendly = interface, post, profile, login name, person: contact, browse, interact, straightforward, expand, community, media, blogger, trend, independent, promote, tight-knit 3 BETER E> wry co you think social networks have become so popular? In three minutes, write a few sentences. Tell another group or the class. ICT Insmall groups, find out more information about a social network e.g. Twitter. Present your information to the class.Phrasal verbs/Prepositions 4] Choose the correct particle. fall for: become attracted to fall out: argue and stop being friends fall through: not happen (plans) get away: escape get on/off: enter/leave a busitrain get along with sb: have a friendly relationship get through: reach by phone give away: make known, give free of charge ive offfout: produce (smell, gas) ive up: stop a bad habit 1. I know you've already read the book, so don't, give up/away the ending! 2 Emma tried to call the theatre, but she couldn't get on/through. 3 We got off/on the bus and sat down behind the driver. 4 John’s plans to travel around Asia last month fell out/through at the last minute 5. Mary gets away/along with Jo really well 6 The fire gave up/off a lot of smoke 2 Choose the correct preposition. 1 Harry dreamed of/up travelling the world. 2 The museum is popular for/with tourists. 3. Peter went in/on a business trip to China. 4 We went to/on a guided tour of the museum. 5 He left the room in/at a hurry. 6 I want to share my experiences with/in you. 7 The actors all went on/in stage in/with their bright costumes for the finale. 8 The search results appear on/in the screen instantly. Larry Page studied engineering. 2. The Taj Mahal is in Delhi, India, 3. Ravens live at the Houses of Parliament, 4 Google went online in 1998. 5 Chinese opera actors train from the age of 10. | Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences, Read through Module 2 and write a quiz of your own. Language in Use 2 Word formation 3 Fillin the correct word derived from the word in brackets. (Word Formation - Abstract nouns from verbs We use these endings to form nouns from verbs ance (annoy - annoyance), -(thion (act - action), ment (enjoy - enjoyment) and al (refuse refusan) z eee an 1 The volcanic .. vo at the end of the film was amazing in 3D. (ERUPT) 2 The lead actress made a personal to promote the new film. (APPEAR) 3 Jack went to see the band's... at the airport. (ARRIVE) 4 What time does the wc. .. start this evening? (PERFORM) 5 The... . Says the rock concert starts at 7:30. (ADVERTISE) 6 The Sydney Opera house is Sydney's most popular tourist bd ake Rab (ATTRACT) Collocations 4 Fillin: spicy, ghost, classic, search, officially, lead, bright, social, crime, wax. 1 engine | 6 novel 2 network | 7 soe model 3 singer | 8 . became 4 9 . story 5 10 eens thriller 6 In Chinese opera, blue make up means mystery. 7 Googol means 1 followed by a thousand zeros! 8 Madame Tussauds opened in 1835, (Revision 2p. 42)40 Listening a) Read the rubric, then the questions and possible answers. What will the dialogue be about? | Usten to a radio interview with someone ' | talking about a haunted theatre. For each | question, choose the corect answer A,B oC 4 ‘What does Paul say about the lights going out? A It caused some injuries. B The electrical system was faulty. C He doesn’t think it’s very strange. ‘What does Paul say about his career? A He always wanted to join the Theatre Royal B_He has always had a connection to the theatre. C He's worked in haunted places all his life. ‘When Paul was working backstage, he used to A see someone following him B see a ghost every time he locked up. feel like someone was watching over him. What is common about the ghosts’ appearances? A the people who see them B the time people see them the number of people that see them When does the Blue Lady normally appear? ‘A. while the actors are practising B_ when the audience leaves C during the performance Paul thinks there are ghosts at the theatre because {A of actors getting hurt during performances. B_ people in the audience got hurt. € they want to enjoy themselves, b) 4) Do the task. Compare your answers with your partner's. Reading a) Read the title and the first sentence in each paragraph. What is the text about? b) Do the reading task. Which words helped you decide? Compare with your partner. 1 Read the text and choose the best answer 1 l ! A,B, CorD. Kungur Ice Cave is near the town of Kungur in the Ural Mountains in Russia. It is one of the biggest and most fascinating caves in the world and is the only cave in Russia that has been ‘adapted for tourist excursions. People say that Kungur Ice Cave is like a labyrinth inside. It consists of a network of passages and a number of grottos of various sizes. Some of these grottos are fiy to a hundred metres in diameter and Up to twenty metres in height. n all the cave contains about 60 lakes, over 20 grottos, and around 6,000 ‘metres of passages. Currently, tourists have access to about 1.5 km of these passages. The Kungur Ice Cave has become a very popular attraction over the years thanks to its impressive ice formations and it now receives over 90,000 visitors a year. An excursion through Kungur Cave is a truly Unique experience, Vistors are amazed and delighted by its beauty and charm once they enter. AS they continue into its depths they get a feeling of dizziness P| because of the high level of oxygen in the air and the B] thought of geting lost ins labyrinths is frightening for some people, The main grottos have their own names. The first one tourists get to see is called ‘Briliant. It is full of breathtaking ‘rystal formations of different shapes. Lights shine on them and make them sparkle with diferent colours. The Meteor Grotto is also quite impressive and even scary for some vistors, as it is always in complete darkness. ‘Titanic’ is famous for its big Underground lake and is one of the most interesting grottos. Long Grotto, as its name suggests, is the longest grotto in Kungur Ice Cave, measuring around 200 metres. It has a number of smalllakes with crystal cleer water and an entrance to the reserved part of the cave where scientists cary out research. When leaving the cave, vistors often got a feeling of returning from a long voyage to the centre of the Earth. The best time to visit Kungur loe Cave isin late spring when the ice stalactites reach their maximum size. The cave is easy to reach from major towns and numerous travel ‘agencies organise excursions. Remember to wear warm clothes ‘and comfortable footwear during the trp.In the text, what is the writer describing? A. Aterrifying experience. B The best time of year to visit Russia. © A spectacular natural phenomenon. D The only ice cave in the country. What does the writer say about the cave? A It covers a huge area, B_ Visitors can see the whole of the cave. © It remains in its natural form. D It’s difficult to move around because there isn’t enough space. What effect can the cave have on visitors? A They can have breathing difficulties. B The atmosphere and surroundings can scare them, © People frequently faint from shock D They are too scared to enter them. When talking about the grottos, the writer says. A they are not easy to see. B it’s difficult to catch your breath when you are in them. they only attract people interested in science. D each one has something special about it. What might a visitor write in a guest book at the caves? ic ace Ee Now | understand wh ay iy there is only one cave open to the public in this country, it doesn't seem to be something on the People’s to do list. eee Tt was interesting seeing all the natural Hruchares of the eaves, but I found the size of the site alitele disappointing, I wish there ‘was more to see and do. © This place is truly amazing and beautiful, A mixture of delight and far made this a fascinating and increible journey into the wonder of nature D (This i the pesfect place for anyone who really enjoys watching horror films. I's 50 spooky, Is Tke you're ina scary fil. Speaking 3 Read the rubric, then in pairs do the task. Use phrases from the language box. A friend of yours is planning to go or backpacking holiday to India, Use th prompts below to talk about the things yo think she needs to take and which are th most important. You can use your own ideas. Opinion Agreei + think .. is necessary because ../is absolutely necessary. There are + Tome the most important thing is because + {couldn't agree more. / You are absolutely right. + Iidon’t really think .. is necessary. | see your point but... 'm afraid | don’t agree with Writing (stories - writing Bank p. WB2) 4. a) Read the rubric. (\) Listen to an experience someone had and make notes to answer the questions in the plan. ! The college English club has asked its members | to send in stories about strange experiences | 1 they had. Write your story in 120-200 words « 1 1 ' and send it to the editor. The best story will | {appear in next month's club newspaper. Who were the main characters? Where ‘were they? What were they doing? What was the weather like? What happened? (The events of the story in the order they happened) What was the climax event? What happened in the end? How did ‘the main character(s) feel? Paras 2 & 3: b) Do the writing task. 412 Revision 42 Fill in; Jocals, biting, shared, seasick, caught, lighting, carried, audience, rose. Nicky got .... .. because there were big aves and the boat was moving up and down. He got in bad weather. Beth really enjoys meeting the when she's travelling. The een sunnnsnen Made the whole theatre look red and gold. He... sunsannee his travel experiences with his friends. Max had trouble sleeping because the mosquitoes were him all night. The curtain and a beautiful actress appeared on stage. The — end of the performance. The singer’s VOICE ..nnsnnsnnenn . over the sound of the crowd. clapped loudly at the 9x2=18 marks Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous. Gary was writing postcards while Laura - (take) photos. We ... (watch) a film at 8 o'clock yesterday evening Susan opened the door and... (run) out of the house, Larry Page and Sergey Brin (meet) in 1995, Be ae . (youllisten) to music when | called? 5x2=10 marks Complete the sentences with used to. In ancient times the actors (wear) bright-coloured costumes in Chinese opera. .. the ancient Greeks (perform) in outdoor theatres? Lily sossnennnnees (notilive) in the city when she was 5 Harry (take) long walks in the countryside when he wes young 4x 12 marks A. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. 4 He Mena. cae sesieees (WalK) for an hour before he reached the cabin. 2. She was tired because she (not/sleep) the previous night. 3 G1eg 2 . (look) for his book for two hours before he found 4 They were lost because they ... (not/take) a map with them. 5 He ones (Work) since morning on his computer and his eyes were red. 5x4=20 marks 5 Match 1-5 with A-E to make exchanges. 1 What was the A Sure! I'll give you concert like? acall. Do you want to go B | watched a film for a walk later? on TV. 2 [31] What did you do.on Not realy. it was 4 5 Friday? nothing special Did you enjoy the pit was fantastic! concert? E No, I'm not really Is your book good? enjoying it. 5x4=20 marks Write a story entitled “A day to remember” (120-200 words). 20 marks Total: 100 marks uaa ea talk and write about travel experiences — talk and write about Google and Facebook = —_ talk about actions in progress in the past. = —— write an information leaflet about historical attractions in your country ares ‘+ express positive and negative opinions aane write a descriptive email am e000 ¥ VERY GOOD // EXCELLENT V/Vjocabulary: the weather, extreme activities, types of iccommodation, verbs related to weather, camping equipment, outdoor leisure activities Grammar: future tenses (will/going to/present continuous & present simple with future meaning); conditional types 0, 1, 2, 3; wishes Everyday English: booking accommodation Pronunciation: stress in compound nouns Writing: an informal email; a paragraph comparing & contrasting sports; a semi-formal email asking for information Culture Corer: The Appalachian Trail Curricular (Geography): Caves Phrasal verbs: go, look Word formation: adjectives from nouns Vocabulary Extreme weather 4 Ge Listen and say. 2.“ Listen to the weather forecast and complete the sentences with the words in Ex. In Miami, USA, there will be ... {In Dublin, Ireland, there will be «ccs: In Edinburgh, Scotland, there will be In Paris, France, there will be In New Delhi, india, there will be .. new e 3 Choose a photograph and describe it to the lass. Talk about: * place * time of year * weather * people «clothes» activities * feelings Module 5 Over to you! Which of the extreme weather conditions are common in your country? Complete the sentences. Today, the weather is Tomorrow, | think it will be2 Listen and repeat. Which of these weather conditions are common in your country in: winter? spring? summer? autumn? In the winter, it’s often chilly, but not freezing cold. There's sometimes heavy rain, but we don't have any blizzards... etc cS Week 1 - i Antarctic adventure begins! muna 4 iil everyonel "°°" Well, here Iam at the scientific research station in Antarctica, the coldest, windiest, and driest continent in the world! It’s summer right now, so the weather is quit its 0°C today! There are stil a lot of gales, though, and of course, the sun never sets in the summer, which is really weird! Despite the freezing cod, the scenery and wildlife here are incredible. There are seals everywhere and yesterday | saw a humpback whale. Everyone is waming me about the winter here! The temperature will drop to about -40°C and the sun won't rise at all. There wil only be 20 of us and we won't have any visitors for 7 months. i'l be dificult, but atleast I'm going to be very busy. As a marine biologist, I'm going to study the way marine wildlife adopts to extreme temperatures. 'm also going to do a survey of the threatened Emperor Penguin. I can't wait to sta Tomorrow, all the newcomers are going on a survival course for @ week with ski-doos and sledges. We're going to camp inthe snow and learn things ike What to do if we fall own a crevasse". | hope there won't bea bizard like the one we had on my frst day here Wel, bye for now! Il tell you all about the course when I'm back at the research station next week. Matt * crevasses ae deep cracks inthe ice, sometimes covered by snow Look at Matt's blog. Where is Matt? Why do you think he's there? What is it ike there? \. Listen and read the blog entry to find out. Read and mark the statements as T (true) or F (false). ‘Summers in Antarctica are warm. You can see the sun at night in the summer months in Antarctica There is no wildlife there, There's no sun during the winter. Matt is on a business trip to Antarctica. It’s Matt's first time in Antarctica The survival course lasts a week. Matt is going to stay there for a month. Fill in: humpback, drop, sets, research, marine, survivol, freezing. station 5 cold | 6 temperatures whale | 7 the sun biologist = COUISE Match the underlined words in the text to their opposites: set, common, hottest, boiling hot, shallow, idle, wettest, ordinary, intense.Poe, ened ae) "The esearch station - this willbe my home for the next year! Great blog, Matt! Il follow it with interest - from my nice cosy house! Petes, 10/12 at 11:35 am Sounds amazing there, Matt, but so cold TimT, 12/12 at 5:35 pm That's nothing, Ti! inland, the temperature drops to70%Cin the winter. Matt 5, 13/12 at 8:47 pm : Gemma a scientific, research station, continent, mild, set, scenery, seal, humpback whale, warn, drop, rise, marine biologist, adapt, survey, can’t wait, newcomer, survival cours, ski-doo, sledge, crack, covered 5 Choose the correct word. Check in your dictionaries. Speaking & Writing 1. The sun rises/raises in the east. 2. He threatened/warned us about the extreme weather conditions. J a) What did you know about 3 Temperatures fall/drop to -10°C here in the winter. Antarctica? What did you 4 Animals can adapt/adjust to their environment to survive. learn about it from the 5 We should protect extinct/threatened species or they'll die out. text? Make notes, then tell Giataniae = the class. chs Future tenses § What knew what ve eam 6 _Fillin the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Explain your choices. Check in the Grammar Reference section. F i insane 1 A: What are your plans for the weekend, Dave? are one of the newcomers. Braids a suse (Qo) hiking in the mountains. You are back from the 2. A: It’s really cold in here! survival course. Send an BI 5 sessussssissseensseesee (Dut) the heat on. ‘email to your English friend. 3 A: I've got so many things to do to prepare for my sking Write what you did and trip next week! how you liked it. Read it to B: Don't worry. | (give) you a hand. your partner or the class. 4 A: When (you/be) free tonight? B: I don’t know. I'll call you ‘when pees (get) home. 5A: Why are you buying that guide book about Antarctica? (CT CB collect information Bei ae (visit) Antarctica next month! BGUCAntarclica’ han nTesent 6 A: What time nnn .. (the plane/take off)? Reese, B: it ities on (take off) at 8:15 pm. (vocab tank Fp.) 45= bungee jumpl Match each activity (A-H) with the equipment (18) Listen and check, then say. an inflatable armchair and flippers a Chinese frying pan, a helmet and ladles an ironing board and an iron an ice axe and boots with metal spikes a four-wheeled motorbike and a helmet a board and protective clothing a surfboard connected to a kite an elastic rope | You need an inflatable armchair and river bugging flippers to go river bugging. a) Look at the text. What do you know about these three ac How can you go faster 7 ry weird, craze, erupt, ash, when doing each one?) x racing protective, slope, speed Read to find out. ae world championship, * competitor, tip, bottom, compete, melt, rest, rapids, control, webbed gloves, backwards Lhe IED You can sit in it, but you won't get any rest in this inflatable armchair. A river bug speeds you along a river and down rapids. If you 5) to control it well, you'll need webbed gloves and short flippers. Go backwards to go faster. The only problem is that you can't see 6) is coming if you go backwards. Watch out for that rock! X ( MOT) if you want to try this new craze, you'll HaVE 1) snrcenrninnnnn to Nicaragua's Cerro Negro volcano. When this active volcano erupts, it throws out ash that’s perfect 2) ninrnmnnnm surfing on. Hike for 45 minutes to the top of the mountain, walk around inside the smoking volcano, then put on some protective clothing and fly down the slope at 50 kmpht! If you sit down on your board, you'll go even faster. Imagine speeding down anicytrack >) Read the text and for each gap (1-6) at 60 kmph in a Chinese frying pan. Wok racing started choose the word that best fits. as a joke on German TV, but it soon became very 1A totravelling € travel popular and now 3).. isa 5 i nvieeseal world championship every year. For protection, pave ee competitors wear a special suit and helmet and they 2 4 in B with € at D for also put ladles on their feet! So how do you 3 Ait 8B that C their there 4) 7 Well, here's a hot tip-if 4 A win B beat C come D eam you warm the bottom of your wok before competing, it 5 A see B think C feel want melts the ice and you go faster. 6 A what B that C there Dit- a) Fill in: slopes, compete, clothing, track, melt, contra erupt rapids. 2 When did the volcano last 2 Never go volcano surfing without wearing protective ... 3 The 4 He went down the icy 5. Ten teams of ten people each will in the tournament. 6 They spread salt on the road to the ice, 7. The river offers beautiful scenery and challenging 3 to those who seek adventure 8 They tried to .w their canoe, but it tipped over and they fell into the water. b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: in reverse, explodes, goes fast, look out for, wear, fad, participants. Grammar see Conditional types 0/1 & 6 4. Read the examples. How do we form conditional types 0, 1? of the mountain are very steep. at 80 kmph. Ifflhen ice gets hot, melts (Type 0) if we visit Nicaragua, we'll go surfing. (Type 1) © Ifyou like extreme sports, try quad racing. (Type 1 Unless | train, I ne. (=f don't) (Type 1) ) 5 Write conditional type 0 sentences using the phrases. 1. you/fal into a river (you/get wet) If you fall into a river, you get wet. 2. you/do river bugging backwards (you/go faster) 3 Vexercise (I feel better) 4, you/put an inflatable object in water (it/float) 5 you/heat water (it/boil) 6 welgo out on a hot day without sunscreen (we/get sunburnt) 5 Complete the conditional type 1 sentences ith the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Ifyou (not/wear) protective clothing when Wok racing, YOU wnrnnnsnn (get) hurt, Unless you (like) getting wet, you (not/enjoy) river bugging, YOU sesescessssseeiseenee (ave) better control of your river bug if you ... (use) webbed gloves and flippers. Unless you _ (wear) boots with spikes, you (not/be able) to go ice climbing. He sovnsune (Should/not/try) river bugging unless he (know) how to swim. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. What conditional type is each sentence? When the temperature below 0° C, water turns to ice. If you like extreme sports, you (love) ice climbing. Unless he be able to go ice climbing. They always put on sunscreen when they. (go) volcano surfing. (drop) (train), he won't Ifyou (not/have) a four-wheeled motorbike, you (can/not/go) quad racing When iron gets wet, it (rust). Complete the sentences. Unless | If the weather gets cold, If | study late in the evening, Unless my friends Snow melts when it Speaking & Writing EDIT © tisten and read the text on P. 46 again. Compare and contrast the three sports. In five minutes, write a few sentences. Tell the class. 474 tai ike, stunning, scenery, step, make it, footpath, run through, natural beauty, rocky, deer, moose, raccoon, coyote, bobcat, get lost, pile, hut, special offer if you want to hike through some of the mast stunning scenery in North America, then the Appalachian Tail is for you It takes over five milion steps to walk it and only 1 person in 4 makes it all the way. > The Appalachian Tell isa footpath that runs through 14 states from Mount Katahdin, Maine, in the north to Springer Mountain, Georgia in the south. it follows the Appalachian Mountains through over 3,200 km of inredible natural beauty. > ‘The tral passes through forests and valleys, across mountaintops and down rocky paths. Ws home to some wif you'll want to see, and some youll want to avoid! There ae harmless deer, moose, and raccoons, but there are also dangerous black bears, coyotes and bobcats. Don't worry about getting lost. Every 400 metres, there are white signs called “blazes! on trees, rock, and post. If you cimb above the forest, you'l see a breathtaking view, but youl aso see piles of stones called ‘rock cans’ to guide you. gf > Most hikers stay at one of the 250 campsites and shelters (huts with an open front) along the trail 5. You can’t camp along the trail (D> Tell your partner three things you 2 Listen and read the text to find out. remember about the Appalachian Trail. Use Correct the false sentences. words here tie box’ | is about the Appalachian Trail, Use words from the | ing trail in the USA. Which sentences box to complete the sentences 2 Pelee al 1 From the top of the mountain, there was a 1 It’s easy to walk along all of the trail i view of the valley. > ede eee 2 The campsite only costs £10 per night. I's a Bi te le a2 oy 3 They tried to finish the trail, but they didn’t 4. You might see dangerous animals along ie i | the trail 4 Take a map with you in case you a) Match the words/phrases in bold to these definitions: keep away from, the whole distance, heaps, show the way, not dangerous, amazing, not finding ict Q& In small groups, collect information about an area of natural beauty in your country and create a short a web page about it. Include: what it is . b) Name the animals in the pictures using (name, where it is, etc), what you can see 48 words from the text. there, where you can stay.Booking accommodation 4S) Listen and say. Which of these types of accommodation have you stayed in? When? What was it like? (2 Listen and say. Pay attention to the pronunciation. 24 + How can | help you? + I'd lke to book a room, please. * Single, please. + How much is it per night? * Does that include breakfast? * What name, please? * We look forward to seeing you. b) () Listen, read, and answer the questions. What room is Mr Jones booking? How much will it cost? How long will he stay? What floor is his room on? awne R: Good morning - Red Ridge Hotel. How can |help you? Hello. I'd like to book a room. Certainly. When for? 19th June, for two nights. Do you want a double or a single room? Single, please. R: Let me check what we have available . Yes, we have a room on the 3rd floor. Great. How much is it per night? Its £85. Does that include breakfast? Yes, it does. OK. Can | book it then, please? Certainly. What name, please? Ethan Jones. OK. Your booking reference is 6793581, That's 6793581. We look forward to seeing you. Thank you. Goodbye. | Find sentences in the dialogue which mean: May ! help you? -/ want to make a reservation. - Do you want a room for two people or for one person? Intonation: stress in compound nouns 4, © Read the theory, then listen and repeat. The stress in compound nouns usually falls on the first syllable. double room _beddom GEMpSE YOUN stay skilodge room service Speaking 5 Imagine you are going on holiday with your friends and you want to book accommodation at the Sea View self-catering apartments. Act out your dialogue. Follow the plan. ° Greet B, giving name of ) Say you'd like to book a accommodation, offer to help. _/ flat Ask date & how long they are State date & how many staying, nights. Ask how many bedrooms ——», State number of bedrooms. they want. vi Check for vacancies. Ask price. Be State cost. <> Agree and book it. ‘Ask for B's name. ae Give your full name. Give booking reference. Thank & say goodbye 49[3 Climate change Reading 4 Read the definition and look at the diagram. What causes high temperatures? global warming /glovbal ‘wom (n) the increase of the average temperature on Earth 2. Look at the photographs in the text, How can global warming affect life on our planet? What can we do? Listen and read to find out. 3 Read again and mark the sentences T (true), F (false), or DS (doesn’t say). 1. Most of the world's mountain glaciers will melt in the next 100 years. 2. It might not be possible to go on holiday to the Maldives in 2100. 3. Ice in Greenland is melting more slowly than five years ago. 4 Polar bears come from Greenland, 5. Ina hundred years, polar bears may be extinct 6 Warmer seas cause more extreme weather. 4 Match the words in bold in the text with their synonyms: changeable, often, getting warmer, be all around sth, die out, in danger, die from hunger, make smaller, catches, disappear. 50 r Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (C cn EEE KEE CECE EE EEKEKCEKCE EET global warming, heat up, fault, fossil fuel, greenhouse gas, surround, blanket, trap, trouble, melt, climate, report, polar ice caps, vanish, lowing, wave, coastal, under threat, cover, serious, in great danger, starve, drown, extinct, drought, unpredictable, reduce, energy-saving bulb, turn up, expert Global Warning The Earth is heating up and most scientists Pan oe Racr aun See eect dioxide increase and surround the earth like a thick blanket. This traps heat and temperatures pra a a led Berets eee eked enc eet NT Cr Nem a uu Ruse is already melting, sea levels are rising and the Prenat cic ae Read our world, and what will happen if we don’t act in ri CoC Le According to recent climate craic) ‘the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers could cause sea levels to rise by about 1 metre by 2100. If this eam Re ee om Pee Nera cosa Cee ent es Cu eee rc ecm ero SCI CUr Cae cata d London will also be under threat. and, ice is melting three times faster than eer hc cw ‘and Antarctica ever melt completely, sea levels will rise about 60 m. That's enough to cover Ben suk uk5 Complete the summary with words from the box in the correct heat radiated form. Compare with your partner. off the sea Global warming happens because we burn 1) which produce 2) These wil 3) ‘our world by up to 3°C, which means big 4) ! Mountain glaciers and the 5) are 6) fast! Parts of the world in 7) areas may 8) completely in 100 years. Many animals are also 9) lke the polar bear, which may become 10) Extreme weather such as hurricanes and 11) will also become more frequent. we Speaking & Writing a 6 ir Why is global Global warming is a serious - - CR mince in Eo warming such a serious problem iterate cs: becoma extinct [ae for our world? In three minutes, or The tie a ns be i = write a few sentences. Read your melting very fast, so they have to swim ‘Ws. further and further to find food. Many ermenes to she class, Peer aCe ual) disappear completely in the Arctic, and polar 7 Loa If animals could speak, what Peer aR Le MC Uli ‘would they tell us about the problems they eather patterns and rising sea levels threaten thousands of other species too. Some people face because of global warming? In three Pee eR UC ee cs) 4. minutes write a few sentences. Tell the class. Presets Cece - } IS) b> Find more facts Wild wild weather ; > about the effects of global rain and snow, storms, heatwaves, droughts, warming. Present your facts >werful hurricanes and tornadoes ... these all fothercloss. ee oR ee and more climatologists now believe this is because Poe a eR ay eer ae a ae =, CMC a ees mule ice caps & mountain glaciers ees | melt and sea levels rise ec eee oo =e Cee ee Rg ’ So ... what on earth can we do? Reduce your carbon footprint*. Cycle, walk, or take a bus instead of travelling by car, use energy-saving bulbs, and wear more clothes instead of turning up the heat. Experts say we must do something NOW! If sea levels start rising even faster, it will be imposible to stop! * how much CO; we personaly produce due to our lifestyles! I) Vocabulary Bank 3 p. VB$9 survivors ss 6 = @ insect repellent k Ge Vocabulary Camping Equipment 1a b) Which of these would you need if: you had an accident? there were lots of mosquitoes? it was freezing cold? you wanted to light a fire? it was boiling hot? you wanted to go sailing? you got lost? > Listen and say. Ifyou had an accident, you would need a first aid kit. Reading ae first ad kit ‘sunscreen Q ) @ seeping bag torch oo ighter ae knife 2. a) Read the title of the text and the introduction, then read the words in the box. What do you expect to read? Read through to check. 1a beautiful warm day in June 2008, Blake Stanfield decided to take his father, Neil, on a trip into the ‘Alaskan wildemess. On their frst morning, they set off together down the Koyukuk River on their raft They had only travelled a few miles down the river when, to their horror, they saw a huge wall of ice in front of them! Their raft crashed into the ice and the men fel into the freezing cold water Ifthe water hadnt been so fast-lowing, they would have been able to craw onto the ice, but instead it quickly sucked them under and swept them along. [1 _] ‘What have | done?" Blake thought at that point. But just then, he surfaced and saw his father holding onto an oar. Freezing cold and with Nell sutfering from hypothermia, the two men made their way to the shore, Blake quickly lita fire. He knew his father would die from the cold if he didn't get warm soon|2 |_| The next morning, Blake knew that he had to get hip @s they had lost all their supplies — their food, tent and clothes. He left his father and made his way towards a town 104 km away, singing loudly to sca off bears. He even caught and ate ants and spiders to ‘ive him strength. But there was @ problem. Pe a kc aaa areca rte a turned into a terrifying Beno uno wilderness, rafting, terrifying, set off, horror, crash into, fast- flowing, crawl, suck, sweep, bounce, surface, suffer from, shore, shelter, branch, scare off, alight, signal, overhead, pilot, spot, rescue helicopter, pick someone up etnies aera [B|_] Meanwhile, Neil was also fighting to stay alive. One time) Fe fell asleep and woke up justin time to keep his fire alight. By Monday, both men were getting weaker and weaker from lack of food. “If only | hadn't left my father!” Blake thought. But then, he had an idea. Ihe built a signal fre, any planes ‘lying overhead would hopefully see him, On Tuesday evening, a plot finally spotted Blake. After a short while, a rescue helicopter picked him up. They quickly found Neil [4] _] You don't look so great yourself,” Neil replied. The two men promised each other they NX ‘would go on another trip together, but definitely without any swimming under ice!b) Read the text again. Four sentences are missing. Match the sentences (A-E) to the gaps (1-4). There is one extra sentence. A The river bounced Blake around and hit his head against the ice B_ When he reached a river, he realised it was too wide for him to swim across without getting hypothermia! © An oar surfaced in the water near Neil, and he grabbed it D "You look awfult” Blake said to Neil when he first saw him, laughing and crying with relief. E He also took a penknife and made a shelter out of branches. 3 Match the words in bold to their synonyms: physical energy, in the sky, walked towards, arose, answered, started, frighten, shortage, collected him. 4. Choose the correct word. 1. Their boat cracked/crashed into the river bank 2 To their horror/alarm the boat started to sink slowly. 3 He moved/crawled on his hands and knees ‘towards the tent. 4 The storm sucked/drew their boat under the water. 5 They missed/lost their compass and didn’t know which way to go. 6 Six days later the rescue team spotted/noticed them on an isolated island. see Grammar e. 56 Conditional types 2 & 3 - Wishes 55 Read the examples. How do we form conditional types 2 and 3? wishes? Find examples in the text. (iFyou wore some waa re es, you wouldn't be were you, I'd take a fist aid kit on yourc ro Cyge2)_ | had heard the weather forecast, we wouldn’t have | | gone on the tip. (but we did) Type 3) Twishifonly tv I wishif only “regret about the past) aunun evansens Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. What type of conditional is each? If Neil soe (not/grab) the oar, he probably wouldn't have survived. Ifyou .. (do) more exercise, you would fel better. Ifthe river. .- (be) narrower, Blake would have been able to cross it Ifit stopped raining, we... (go) for a walk. TEL were you, | ese (not/go) hiking in such bad weather. If Neil and Blake hadn't slept by a fire, they .... (die) of cold. a) Write what each person wishes for/regrets. Jane didn’t visit Tom in hospital because she didn’t know he was there. | wishat only | had known Tom was in hospital She didn’t bring her coat and now she's cold. Matt went hiking in the rain and got ill. We don't have a lighter to light a fire. She ate too much and she’s got stomach ache. Sally is working this weekend, but she'd like to go camping with her friends. b) Write two things you wish for the present; you regret about the past. Speaking & Writing © CDP usten and read the text again. Complete the sentences. Use the sentences to tell your partner a summary of the story. Blake and his father went rafting ... They left on . Unfortunately their raft The two men fell... Blake helped his dad out of the river and Neil was suffering from ... Blake left his dad alone to .. Blake lit a signal fire which helped [ETS imagine you were Neil. You are alone waiting for Blake to come back. In three minutes write a few sentences. Tell your partner or the class. (Wy Wocabairy tank Tp Woe) 53paintballing Dien bird watching in a nature reserve zip-lining Vocabulary j through the Outdoor leisure lunole activities 41 a) Fillin do, play, or go. (2 Listen and check, then say. b) Which of these activities would you (not) like to try? Tell your partner. Describing pictures When describing a picture to someone, imagine the person can't | see it. Include details about the weather, the place, what people are doing, what they are wearing and how they are feeling, Speaking 2. Look at the picture and complete the description with the words/phrases in the list. ‘snow * freezing cold * the boy's father a lot of fun + behind them * warm winter clothes * ski lodge em * 2 young boy * at a ski resort » sunny < In the photo, there is 1). standing on a snowboard and a man. | think the man is probably Ajeer and he is teaching the boy how to snowboard 3) : Itlooks quite 4). , but there isa lot of 5)... ..on the ground, so it's probably 6) They are both wearing 7)... There is also a dog 8) and a wooden building like a 9) 0 ~The boy is smiling so | think he’s having 10)..... 1 CD describe picture 4 in Ex, 1a to your partner. Answer the questions. Why do you think these friends are enjoying themselves? How important is it for you to spend time relaxing with your friends? Why? Talk about an outdoor activity that you tried for the first time. What was it ike? Listening <2) You will hear George talking ona radio programme about a trip he’s organising. For each question, choose the correct answer, A, B, or C. The adventure camp will last for A aweekend. B a week. the whole month of June. What does George say about paintballing? A Itisn’t for everyone. B it can be uncomfortable. © He doesn’t really enjoy it. For people who don't exercise a lot, George recommends A yoga on the beach. B zorbing. aqua aerobics. Campers will stay in A atent. B ahotel © self-catering flat Teens can sign up for the trip by A alling George. B_ going to the community centre website C going to the community centre.other "Wa Pe Era peer A semi-formal email asking for information 41 @) The adverts above appeared in the local newspaper last week. What are they for? What information do they give? b) Sandra read advertisement A and decided to send an email asking for information. Use the phrases A-E to correct the wrong register. [AT_] Dear Mr Smith B]_] Kind regards [EL_] | am very interested in joining you on the trip, DI_] | look forward to hearing from you. [E|_] What other activities will be available? To: Bran Smith From: Sandra Harvey Subject: Forest adventure weekend 1) Hi, Brian, ‘read your advertisement for the forest adventure wekend and 2)" love to come on the trip with you. However, | would lke to ask you fow questions about Fest of al, how much des the weekend cost? Also, where exactly the weekend going to take place? Secondly, your advert mentions some of the activities we will tke arin onthe tri, such as iptning, 3) What else can we do? Aso, wil | need to bring any special clothes or equipment with me? Thank you very much for your time. 4) Can't wait to hear from you. SI Love, Sandra Harvey _ Kind regards, “(your full name) Pou johnb@bmail.com Semi-formal style in emails We often write emails ina semi-formal style to people. we don't know well. Semi-formal style includes: + a polite greeting (Dear + person's name) & ending (Kind regards/Best wishes + fullname) polite language and a respectful tone (/ would|, like to ..., Thank you for your time ..) / full forms (Iam interested in .. Read the Writing Tip and find examples of semi-formal style in the email in Ex. 1b. Writing (a semi-formal email asking for information) Portfolio: Read advert B, then write an email asking for more information. Ask about: when exactly it is, the cost, the number of people in each group, the type of accommodation. Write your email (120-150 words). Follow the plan below. ‘opening comments, reason for writing (read... . would like to.) hat information you would like/your questions (Fist ofall, when ... Also, Secondly, ....AIS0, ...) Para 4: your closing comments (Thank you ‘and ....) OW] wating Sark 5p. wes) 55What 'do you know about ‘caves? What would you like to know? Write down three questions. .. Listen and read the text. Can you answer your questions? Read the text again and match the headings (A-E) with the paragraphs (1-4). There is one extra heading. Give reasons. HOME TO STRANGE CREATURES EXPLORE THEM WHAT THEY ARE AMAZING FORMATIONS HOW THEY FORM monw> Match the words in bold with their definitions: until now, remain alive, found, falls in small drops, becomes stiff, develop, changed, melts, eat away. Read the text again and find all the words related to water. Write them in the word map below. Compe your partns She natural, hole, limestone, chalk, lava, acidic rain, cliff, glacier, formation, species, millipede, crab, scorpion, dark, blind, crayfish, crawl, abseil, rafting These natural holes in the Earth form over thousands or even millions of years! There are lots of different types of caves, such as ice, sea, limestone, chalk, salt, and even lava caves. et epee ae Different caves form in different ways. For example, limestone caves form as acidic rain dissolves rock. Sea caves form as ‘ocean waves and heavy rain erode cliffs. Ice caves form as melting water runs under glaciers or through cracks in the ice. ieee In many limestone caves, stalactites grow slowly from the ceiling as calcite* from dripping water hardens. As water drips from them, similar formations called stalagmites grow: up from the floor. When stalactites and stalagmites meet in the middle, they form columns. Pile eee Scientists have discovered over 7,700 ‘troglobites’ so far. |) By These are unique species of fish, spiders, milipedes, crabs,. 9) scorpions, and other creatures that live their whole lives in caves. They have often adapted to the dark conditions. / a Some are blind but have a great sense of smell. Others y, J} survive for along time, such as the cave crayfish, which can live for 175 years! (ee Se Caving is an adventure sport that involves walking, crawling, climbing, abseiling, and even swimming and rafting through caves! It's popular and a lot of fun!S) Language in Use > Phrasal verbs/Prepositions Word formation 4 Choose the correct particle. 3 Fill in the sentences with the correct word derived from the word in brackets. 0 off: explode (of bombs) i 0 off: ring (of an alarm) Word Formation - adjectives from nouns go off: spoil (of food) We use -ous (poison - poisonous), go over: examine (details) -al (function ~ functional, -e (allergy allergic, go around: be enough for everyone jal (economy - economical), -ish (oo! - foolish), look after: take care of -ive (expense — expensive, -fulless (care ~ coreful/ess), look for: search for -able (comfort - comfortable) and -y (salt -saity) to form look through: read something quickly adjectives from nouns. look up: find information in a book or list. 1 Emma really enjoyed the... beauty of the Appalachian Trail . (NATURE) ‘Matt was surprised at how .. the penguins were. (NOISE) 3 Barry doesn't like extreme sports because he thinks they're... (DANGER) 4, Warming the bottom of your wok is an way of going faster. (EFFECT) 5 Jake is very ... ... and loves outdoor activities like paintballing. (ATHLETE) 6 Extreme ironing isa... sport at the moment. (FASHION) 1 Can we go around/over the details of the booking again, please? Fi 2. Alice was looking for/up a cheap hotel in the city. 3. This chicken has gone over/off. Don’t eat it! 4 He looked after/up information on the Internet for his report on Antarctica 5 Are there enough sandwiches to go around/ off? We heard the bomb go over/off, even though we were miles away. 2 Choose the correct preposition. s, Collocations 1 They adapted well in/to the new conditions. 2 The river passes down/through a forest. 4. Fillin: fossil, global, sea, greenhouse, survival, 3 Polar bears are in/under threat due to global marine, research, stunning, nature, youth. ee fuels | 6 .. warming 4 Many animals are in/under danger because of Geral climate change. 5. Before his visit, Sophie warned Brian of/about the cold weather in Canada. course | 8 biologist | 9. station 0. EE Read through Module 3 and answer the questions. Now write a quiz of your own. Give it to your partner. Check his/her answers. neseosseess MEVES Name three types of caves. 5 How long does it take to hike to the How many states does the Appalachian top of the Cerro Negro volcano? Trail run through? 6 What's a troglobite? What kind of wildlife can you see on | 7 How can you go faster when wok racing? the Appalachian Trail? 8 Whats the difference between a stalactite What's the weather like in the summer anda stalagmite? in Antarctica?Listening a) Read the rubric then look at the notice. What part of speech does each gap require? You will hear an announcement about | an adventure camp called Camp Gracie. | | For each question, fill in the missing ; 1 Breakfast: 8:00 ~ cafeteria Overnight hike: + Meeting time: 9:30 + What to take: sleeping bag & 1) ‘+ Wear: comfortable shoes Paintballing: + Two places left: 10:15 & 11:30 + Activities Director: Ken Stinson- His office is 2) sssusnnennth games room + Warning: clothes will 3). | Whitewater rafting: | + Starting time: 10:30 | © Practice: 10:00 at 4)... | Aqua Aerobics: | + Today starts at 5) Vay Bene MRO) CNS Ina C ecm Cc b) (2 Do the listening task Reading 2 a) Read the first sentence in each paragraph. What is the text about? Read through and check. b) Do the reading task. Compare your answers with your partner's. Look at the sentences 1-8 about an animal shelter in Spain, Read the text to decide each sentence is correct or incorrect. I itis correct, mark A on your answer sheet. IFit not correct, mark B on your answer sheet. 58 There area lt of animal shelters in Spain which look after abandoned or neglected pets, like cats and dogs. But did you know there is also one that cares for rescued chimpanzees? The Mona Foundation is based in Girona, Catalonia. It provides a safe home for chimpanzees, which were being used by photographers or were performing in circuses, since 2000. The foundation was given some land by the local ‘council and they had the chimps’ houses and play areas specially designed, The chimps can run and climb and they even have their own pond! ‘Aihough The Mona Foundation receives funding, it runs on Volunteers. Those who live locally come whenever they can spate the time. The centre is often visited by community groups ‘and also holds regular fundraising events. Volunteers help out (on these occasions as well as doing routine maintenance and gardening at the centre. Volunteers also advertise the foundation's work and visit schools in the community. There are other volunteers at the foundation, volunteer keepers, who stay for six months. They live in accommodation at the centre, The volunteer Keepers are ‘more closely involved in the daily care of the animals. They collect and prepare the chimpanzees’ food and keep their sleeping areas clean. Once they have been working at the ‘centre for a while, volunteers are given more responsibilities. ‘The work is demanding and the hours are very long but the volunteers are getting the unique experience of working and playing with chimpanzees.Although, the chimps are encouraged to look atter themselves as much as possible, sometimes the volunteers organise fun activities for them. ‘What games would you play with a group of chimpanzees? ‘he Mona Foundation provies shelter to wil chimpanzees. ‘The Mana Foundation is over 10 years od ‘The lacal council provided the room for the foundation | 44 The chimps are very active 5 The foundation has permanent stat 6 Fundraising events are organised by volunteers. ‘Te Mona Foundation educates students allover Spain 1B All volunteers help with the day-to-day tasks forthe animals.Speaking Read the rubric, then do the task. Try to describe your photograph in as much detail as possible. Work in pairs. Each of you will talk on your own about, something, You will each have a photograph of a type of | accommodation people have chosen for their holidays. | Student A: show your photograph to Student B and then | y/her what you can see in your pi Now, Student B: show your photograph to Student A and then tell him/her what you can see in your picture. Read the rubric, then in pairs do the task. Use phrases from the Useful language box. { Your photographs showed people that have chosen two | ' different types of accommodation for their holidays. Now, ! { I'd like you to talk together about other types of holiday | ! accommodation available and which type(s) you prefer. Expressing preferences I prefer .. to... | realy like because ... I think it's/they're too (expensive, crowded, etc.) more than {ikerlove can't stand ike ee Word formation 5 Complete the gaps with the correct form of the words in brackets. S ae services provided by 4 1).. (GOVERN) to its citizens. These services are run by the federal goverment, a 2)... (PROVINCE) ‘or country council ora local eity or town council. ‘The most common public services provided by government agencies are health services, police and court systems, 3) (EDUCATE) systems and postal services. Depending on the ‘number of citizens and the money available to the government, there can be other services provided as well such as public libraries, transport systems and parks and recreation areas for the locals, Working for a public service can be very 4). (REWARD), Doctors, nurses and paramedics are popular positions and require intelligent, responsible people. Police officers and. firefighters are also jobs that are in high demand. If you're interested in pursuing a career in public services, check out the websites 5) (VARY) government agencies have. ce Writing (a story Writing Bank p. WB3) Read the rubric and brainstorm for ideas under the headings. f Your teacher has announced { the school’s annual English { short story competition. ) Write your story entitled ! ' ' ‘A holiday to remember’; ! (150-200 words). ' CHARACTERS PLACE \ ate EVENTS\ FEELINGS WEATHER b) Use your ideas to write a plot outline of the story. Make sure you write the events in the order they happened. Then write your story. ; Do,| 3} Revision 60 Fill in: melt, unpredictable, competitors, extinct, backwards, footpath, special offer, drizzle, self-catering, rise. Follow the to the top of the hill The weather is very ... soon these days. You never know what it’s going to be like! Many animals could become ..... because of global warming These days, there are lots of in the World Wok Racing Championship. We prefer staying in a apartment ‘and cooking our own meals on holiday. Global warming is causing ice to..... and temperatures to There’sa .. atthe hotel atthe moment - 3 nights in the price of 2. .. that leads up The problem with going r while river bugging is that you can't see where you're going. Thate ..... -! It’s only light rain, but you still get really wet! 10¢1=10 marks Complete the sentences with the correct future tense. | promise |. with you next year. Zoe doesn't believe it . (be) possible ‘to control the weather in the future. Dan (meet) his friends in the park in half an hour. Do you know where ‘on the Appalachian Trail yet? 1 (do) yoga on the beach when I'm on holiday next month. .. (go) on holiday (youlstay) 53210 marks Complete the Conditional type 0 or 1 sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets, When the weather gets warmer, ice (melt) Unless you go to Nicaragua, you ... (not/be able to) go volcano surfing, When water nu... (drip) from rocks in caves, it slowly creates stalactites and stalagmites. If you don't wear a coat today, you (be) cold. 4 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Ifl you, I'd go to Chile this y — IF you had been more careful, you (not/hurt) yourself. »» (be) If eye .. (come) earlier, we'd have gone out Iwish 1 .. (take) their advice. | wouldn't be in trouble I wish he .. here, We'd go to the lake. . (be) ‘5x4=20 marks Match the exchanges. [11] I'm playing golf A Thanks, I'd love today. How about to! B Yes, it's Joan [21] How can | help you? Thompson. (BL) can take your € It’s about twenty name? minutes by car. 4]_] How faraway isthe D I'd like to book a hotel? room, please. 45-20 marks GOOD V VERYGOOD V/ EXCELLENT V/V You have seen an advert for a weekend nature walk. Write an email asking for more information. Ask: when exactly it is, how ong the walk will be, what it involves, what to bring (80-100 words). 20 marks Total: 100 marks Check your Progress talk and write about weather talk and write about extreme activities book accommodation talk and write about climate change write an email asking for information HT- /, Vocabulary: health problems & technology, illnesses L/ & aliments, remedies, action verbs, teenage problems k Grammar: modal verbs (must, have to, should, can, . a 4 could, may, might), past models (had to, could, was C C eo able to), relative causes; neither... nor, either... of, F J both... and a Everyday English: visiting the doctor ; Pronunciation: rhyming words 2 Writing: a set of rules; an interview; an essay making suggestions for solutions to a problem Culture Corner: Australia's most dangerous animals Curricular (PSHE): Catch some zzzs (the importance of sleep) Phrasal verbs: make, put Word formation: adjectives from verbs make ethical choices spend time in the sunshine manage your stress solve crosswords & exercise your mind 61Hy Technology and health dern marvels Mo or Ld How would you cope without modern gadgets? What would PO OM an Mee Me Taney player, or your games console? Believe it or not, you might be Cais shoulder strain 1 cope, be better off, motion, With new games consoles, you have to move around in front of Siied saci ox chal, ‘the TV to control the action on-screen. When you make the Reunite lox ed resnction, same motion again and again in 2 confined space, the results swelling, pain, prevent, bacteria, can be quite serious. Repeated arm motions can cause strain to dermatologist, borrow, extended period, your shoulder. Doctors warn that you must not play for too blurred vision, distinguish, optician Jong, and you should warm up first. Their advice is to prepare for the game like you would for the real thing. Vocabulary Health problems 2 Earphones play the music directly into your ear canal, The type 41 a) © Listen and say. of music doesn’t matter, but the volume on your MP3 player F does. it can cause hearing loss. Researchers recommend that ) ean eit Eisbit do) you set the volume at a low level where you can still hear you have? How often do conversations around you. If people have to shout so you can you use them? hear them, the volume is too loud. «laptop * mobile phone 3 * games console + MP3 player Sending text messages is as easy as moving your thumb. However, too much texting can cause thumb arthritis. This can : lead to restriction of movement, swelling, and pain, To 2 How can the problems in Ex. 1a prevent this condition, known as texter’s thumb, you should be related to the gadgets? send fewer messages or use different fingers when you text. > Listen and read to find out iB Readin ‘A mobile phone is full of bacteria, When you press it against leading your face and ear, it can lead to skin problems such as acne, 3a) Read the text again and skin infections and rashes. Sharing your mobile phone makes match the headings (A-F) to these problems even worse, Dermatologists say that you should the paragraphs (1-5). One clean your phone before you use it. IF someone borrows your eating dices pot match phone, make sure to clean it after they finish. ‘A SWITCH FINGERS 5 Computers are useful tools for research and entertainment. However, staring at a computer screen for an extended period of time can cause eye strain. Some of the symptoms include blurred vision, dry eyes and a difficulty distinguishing between colours. Opticians warn that you mustn't spend too much time looking at the screen. Take frequent breaks. You don’t have to 62 leave the room — just close your eyes and let them relax.b) What is the author's purpose: to inform? to entertain? to persuade? Give reasons. a) Fill in: skin, restriction, frequent, set, hearing, blurred, distinguish, confined, thumb, eye. Verrenen the VOLUME; 2 nse 1058; 3 space; 4 infections; 5 arthritis; 6 of movement; 7. vision; 8 between; 9 breaks; 10 strain b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: long, restricted, fuzzy, manage, cause, benefit, avoid, damage, limitation, advise, gazing, red spots, see pp. GR6- GR7 Match the sentences (1-7) to the descriptions (A-G). Find more examples in the text. | We must/have to switch our A It’s my strong mobile phones off in clas. advice [2] } You must see a doctor. Bitiminot obigedi? 3]_] Tom has to go to an internet Isonit need to 4 7 € It’s the rule. café to use a computer. D I think it's a good [47] You mustn't bring your MP3 ideait's my player to school advice [5] ] !don’t have to share.a computer E He needs to. FI think it’s a bad idea//it’s my advice. G It's forbidden,/ It’s against the [7] ] You shouldn't play video games wiles for too long at home ~ | have my own laptop. [_] You should/ought to buy a Wii - they're great! Rewrite the sentences, using modals from Ex. 5 1 I think it’s a bad idea to play computer games for hours. 2. It’s a good idea to set the volume on your MP3 player at a low level. 3. It’s forbidden to enter the computer lab. 4 You don’t need to pay in cash Use the pictures in Ex. 1a and the information in the text to talk about how to use our gadgets wisely. ICT] Cae collect information about other possible health problems caused when we use our gadgets for a long time Write some rules. Present them to the class. Use modal verbs. 6364 People have used vinegar as a natural remedy for over 6,000 years! its great for minor cuts or ichy rashes. Do you have a sunbum so painful you can move? ‘You could try adding one cup of white vinegar to ‘ C00! bath. This wil soctne your skin LIC igus tind reputation because Of Tsong sme, bu i's eat fr your inmate ‘system! H you ave a ool of te fh You can ‘chopped atic to hot water wih ite honey re ‘and make some tea, Got a few spots? You t Garlic has antibacterial qualties eas yyou have a sore throat, try sv2low'ng ‘a spoonful of honey. Like gate, honey helps destroy bacteria. I you have a cut or a graze, just puta itt honey ont and cover it with & plaster. t might help you with incor, 100, Drinking a glass of warm mike with some honey init can help you sleep. mie EE Vocabulary Illnesses & ailments ) Listen and say. When was the last time you suffered from any of these? What did you do? Tell the class. haveaheadache 8 have a sore throat havea stomach ache 9 have a bad cough get a sunburn 10 have an itchy rash have a mouth ulcer 11. have insomnia have smelly feet 12 have hay fever B get acold/the flu 14 have bad breath have a minor cut have watery eyes Can you feel a headache coming on? Boil some water ‘and make yourself @ nice cup of teat The caffeine in the tea wil open up the constcteo blood vessels that cause a headache. Also, if you suffer from hay fever and have iichy, Watery eyes all summer, put cold, wet tea bags over them, ‘The tannin in the tea will really help! x BAKING SODA - Do you have smely feet? Sprinkle some baking soda in your shoes and have odcur‘ree feet all day long. Baking soda is a greet natural ants persprent. it can algo help with ndigeston GINGER Do you have an uset stomach? You could ty chewing a piece of ginger. You can also do this ‘before a journey if you suffer from travel sickness. Ginger may also help you f you have bad breath, ee oy in our cupboards! There are hundreds more! Reading Look at the headings in the article. What health problems can these food items help? ) Listen and read to check. 2 a) 1 kills germs? 2 is extremely old? 3 helps you fight illness generally? 4 must you keep in your mouth for a while? 5 might make others around you feel better? Read again. Which remedy or remedies: b) Match the highlighted words to their synonyms: queasy, irritated, odorous, ease, cure, image, inability to sleep, without a smell, tight, stomach pain after eating, cut into small pieces, taking into the body through the mouth.natural remedy, cure, immune system, rub, soothe, swallow, insomnia, constricted blood vessels, tannin, sprinkle, odour-free, anti-perspirant, indigestion, neutralise, stomach acid, upset stomach, travel sickness, bad breath Fill in: remedy, indigestion, rub, insomnia, stomach, immune, vessels, sickness, The .-« system is designed to defend our bodies against bacteria the cream on gently until it is absorbed. Honey is used as a natural .... to treat wounds, burns and cuts. ..i5 a sleep disorder in which a person can’t sleep Arteries are blood .. that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the ey Eating in a hurry can cause Drinking chamomile tea if you have overeaten can help soothe an upset ... Some people tend to get travel when they are in a moving car. see Grammar os) p. Can/Could/May/Might ©. Rewrite the sentences using can, can’t, might, or may. You aren't allowed to wear your shoes in here. You can’t wear your shoes in here. It's just possible that I'l go to the doctor's on Friday. You are allowed to go now. It's possible that a cup of tea will help get rid of your headache. It's just possible that some honey will help your . sore throat, 6 I'm ot able to go out today. I've got a bad cold. 7 If you have smelly feet, it’s just possible that baking soda will help you. 8 It's prohibited to enter this area Past modals 6 Study the table and find an example in the text, then complete the sentences. had to/didn’t have to She had to stayin lastnight. She had a stomach ache (It was necessary.) J didn’t have to go to the doctor's yesterday. My cough wos much better. (it wasn't necessary.) could(n’t) (general ability in the past) ‘Mum could run realy fst when she was young, (was able to) was/were(n't) able to (specific abilty in the past) | was able to win the race lastnight 0 to bed early last night because | had a terrible headache. &, bis . cure my upset stomach with some raw ginger. It realy worked! 3 In the past, people buy medicine and other remedies from an apothecary. 4 Sam sprained his ankle this morning and «go to the hospi cook dinner last night. 5 She sia Dan cooked it instead, Listening 7‘? Listen to three people speaking. What problem did each have? What did they do about it? Sally Greg Simon Speaking & Writing 8 E> Use the information in the text to write suggestions about these health problems: a headache, the flu, an itchy rash, a sore throat, watery eyes, an upset stomach, smelly feet. Tell the class. A: Ihave a terrible headache! It really hurts! B: You should/could have a cup of tea. That might/may help. Q ICT] Do some research on the Internet and make notes on more home remedies, Present your findings to the class. (7) Vocabulary Bank 4 pp. vBtovET|) 6566 Australia has some of the most dangerous The dark coloured funnel the most poisonous, its that it can even bite : ne bites you, you antivenin vey quickly. Another ary sides SS the redbeck with the red stipe on its back. It hides in backyards, and sometimes homes, allover Australi and it can gve a ver bie ; very nasty bite Make sentences using relative pronouns and adverbs for the following: spiders, dentist, lift, plane, snake, doctor. both ... and - either Read the examples, then rewrite the sentences (1-4) using both ... and, neither... nor or either ... or. Both Sam and Brian are afraid of heights. (Sam is afraid of | heights. So is Brian.) Neither Jill nor Sally likes flying. (ill doesn’t like flying. Sally doesn’t either.) Either Jane or Greg is coming with us. (Jane is coming or Greg is - one of the two.) | Meg used to be afraid of the dark. Amy used to be afraid of ‘the dark. Phil wants to be a doctor or he wants to be a dentist. Mark isn't afraid of heights. Rob isn’t afraid of heights. ‘My mum hates crowds. My grandma hates crowds. or - neither ... nor Speaking & Writing 410 ©? Listen and read the text again. In three minutes write four things you remember from the text. Tell your partner. 71Vocabulary Problems Match the problems (1-8) to the possible solutions (A-H). Can you think of any other solutions to any of these problems? TL] I need money. A Stand up to them. If you don’t want to do 21] My parents are too strict and we're always arguing. something, then don’t! 3] I've fallen out with my friend(s) and now they B Try to get a part-time job. are cossilre: about me: © Visita dermatologist / [61] My classmates laugh at what | wear. D Find a hobby and join a club. it’s easier to make friends with people who have similar interests PSE) [fave Tots spots on i fae. E Ignore them! You have the right to choose your 6]_] My friends pressurise me to do things | don’t sr a a pies own style. = F Make a study plan. [71] Wve moved to a new city and I'm finding it G Phone your friend(s) and try to work things out, difficult to make friends. H_ Talk it through and make compromises. 3]_] | fee! stressed out because of my schoolwork/ exams. If you need money, you could/should try to get a part-time job. Choose one of the pictures above. Describe: the people, what ‘you think the situation is, how you think the people feel. Speaking Making suggestions 4 D seine problems and solutions in Ex. 1 to act out Matching speakers to a descripti exchanges, as in the example. Remember that in this kind of task, the descriptions are summaries of what the speakers say. Before listening, read each description very carefully and try to guess what words/phrases & ideas you might hear ~ e.g, feels too busy. alot to do, don’t have enough time The bes thing to-do Why don't you ..? Have you thought about (+verb+ing) Listening 3 +? Listen and match the problems (A-F) to the speakers ly (1-5). There is one extra problem. That's a good idea. You're right. Yes, | think that willicould/ might help ‘A. The speaker feels too busy. 4 B The speaker is unhappy with their appearance. pe he teen ener © The speaker is worried about their health. A: Ineed money! D_ The speaker wishes they could do more with their friends, 8: Why don’t you try to get a part- E The speaker is having problems with their schoolwork time job? F The speaker is worried about a change in their li A: That's a good idea 1 2 3 a 5 72. WW} ocabuiary Bank 4p. VBI2)An essay making suggestions for solutions to a problem ing essays making suggestions We usually write an essay making suggestions in a formal or semi-formal style. «The first paragraph states the problem * The main body paragraphs present our suggestions in separate paragraphs, together with the possible results or consequences. * The last paragraph summarises our opinion. We use linkers to organise our ideas: To introduce suggestions: To begin/start with/Frstly, it’s important to; Another (helpful) suggestion is to; Secondly, you should; In addition/Lastly, it's a good idea to, ete To introduce results: Consequently; As a result; In this way; By doing this; Then, etc To conclude: All in cll; To sum up; In conclusion, etc 4. @) Read the essay. In which paragraph(s) does the writer: present their suggestions & results? state the problem? summarise their opinion? b) Replace the linkers in the essay with other appropriate ones. 2. Match the suggestions (A-C) to the possible results/consequences (1-3). ‘A. Another suggestion is to find a team sport you like and join a club. B Lastly, you should try to save a little money each month. C Firstly, you should make a list of things you like about yourself. 1|_| In this way, you will eventually have enough. to go on a trip with your friends or buy yourself a 2| | By doing this, you will get fit doing something you enjoy Exam stress is normal, butt can sometimes get out of ‘contol and make you unwell. What can you do, then, to reduce stress and study for success? To begin wit, i's important to make a study timetable ‘and stick fot, As a result, you wl fee! more organised and confident that you have time to prepare well for your exams. > Secondly, you should tke good care of yoursel! by ating heaithy, geting enough sleep and taking reguiar breaks to do something fun. Consequenty, your body and mind wil slay healthy and you will be able to concenyate better when studying, Another helpful suggestion is to study ‘witha fiend. Some people might find this useful as they can discuss ary problems that come up. > Allin all, | think exam stress can be a. major problem, However, if you are organised and healthy and get help from chers, exam stress will never be a problem for you again. 3 Raed the rubric. Match tha soa suggestions to the results. { The editor of your sixth form college magazine has | 1 invited you to write an article suggesting ways for | 1 students to resist peer pressure. Write your article for 1 1 the magazine (150-200 words). 1 11] Minette ures EAI choose your friends carefully 3) Renee ear ere ee Cece ‘They might be able to give you helpful advice, as they probably have experience with peer pressure too. You will feel more confident in your actions. IF your friends share your beliefs, you will reduce the ‘amount of peer pressure you may experience. A. Use your answers in Ex. 3 to write your essay. Follow the plan. Para 1: state the problem Paras 2-4; present the suggestions and results/consequences Asaresul, in separate paragraphs (Fst ofall Another helpful solution...) summarise your opinion (To sum up, ....) Para 5: OF witing Bank tp. Wes) 73scientists believed that sleep was a ing State. but it isn't like this at all! When we e drops, our heart fate and other different stages of sleep that repeat every 90 to. 110 minutes. Stages NI and N2 are light sleep and we can easily wake up. In stage N3, we sleep more deeply and it's harder to wake up. Some people may also sleepwalk or talk in their sleep. The last stage is REM® sleep. Our eyes move around, our brain is very active, and we have a lot of dreams. While we sleep, our brain sorts through information, (replaces chemicals, repairs cells, and solves problems. (ak) of sleep seriously affects our mind and body. When we don't rest enough, wwe may feel grumpy, forgetful and unable to eomeentrat@. Lack of sleep can also iff€@t our immune system. Over a long time, it may cause MQpRESSTOR| and personality changes and eventually even horten our life. feel It's different for everyone, but on average, babies need 16 to 18 hours of sleep, teenagers about 9 and adults about 7 to 8. id eye movement Pence Oe se ace Rese ene PR Uaen CR a Read again and mark the sentences as T (true) or F (false). We might feel colder when we're sleeping Itisn’t easy to wake someone during stage N3. Mareen unr sc) Not getting enough sleep causes problems in the long run. De Oe mS eens CSR RCL u mou Tem Me arenes crow b) Match the highlighted words to their meanings: oss, think hard, not asleep, makes new, condition, have, speed, start to sleep, change, deep sadness, in a bad mood, operations. vs state, drop, heart rate, wn, brain, ply, replace, repair, ck of, affect, grumpy, forgetful, routine, caffeine, keep you awake, fal aU te Seen ecg Pe cet aad Rete eae ak cold affect your day? 3. Which of the tips in the text do SOC Sea eu Ceol ea RSC Pee ee Cock class.Phrasal verbs/ Prepositions 4] Choose the correct particle(s). : | Language in Use —~" Word formation Fill in the sentences with the correct word derived from the word in brackets. make out: see clearly ] make up: 1) invent (a story) 2) become friends again ‘make up for: compensate put off: postpone ut on: 1) increase (in weight) 2) get dressed ‘put out: extinguish (a fire) Put sb through: connect by phone ut up with: tolerate 1 Put up with/on your scarf and hat. It's freezing outside. Lucy couldn't put up with/off her toothache any more, so she went to the dentist 3. Just wait a moment and I'll put you out/through to Mr Thomas. 4 Vera and Amy have made for/up after their huge argument. 5 David eats a lot of junk food and he has put through/on weight. 6 It took the firefighters three hours to put off/out the fire. 2 Fillin: with, of, into, from. 2 1 He suffers ... vertigo. 2. How can i get a bad cough? 3 We sighed .. relief as he reached the top of the building, 4 Watch out! You'll bump that streetlight! time texting? soothe sunburn? Read through Module 4 and answer the questions, Then write a quiz of your own, 11 What can happen to some people | 4 Which natural remedy is best for smelly when they play video games? feet? 2 Why shouldn't you spend too much | 5 How longis an eastern brown snake? 3 What can you put in a bath to | 7 How many different stages of sleep Word Formation - adjectives from verbs | We use -able (accept - acceptable), -ible (access - accessible), sive (create ~ creative), -ant (observe - observant], and | _-ent (depend ~ dependent] to make adjectives from verbs - (CURE) 1 Inthe past, many diseases weren't 2 The blue-ringed octopus is very but extremely poisonous, (ATTRACT) 3 Htisn’t 1... 0 play computer games for hours. (SENSE) 4. We go through stages of sleep. (DIFFER) 5 Getting a jellyfish sting isn’t very .. (PLEASE) 6 I like wearing .. shoes. (COMFORT) 7 Her skin is very .» to the sun. (SENSE) 8 She's very ... she never remembers names or dates. (FORGET) Words often confused 4, Choose the correct words. 1. Sophie gripped/grabbed a sandwich for lunch. 2 Ouch! I've sprained/pulled my ankle and it really pains/hurts! 3 Alain can hang/crawl from balconies with his bare hands. 4. It's easy to get a(n) injury/damage from playing virtual sports. Collocations 5 Fill in: ulcer, home, confined, self, immune, itchy, poisonous, nasty. 1 system | 5 Ace space | 6 3 remedies | 7 ae defence | 8 6 Where does Alain Robert come from? are there? Revision 4p. 784] Describe the photograph. Then answer the questions. 1 How do you think the person in front feels about the exam? 2. Do you think students should take exams? Why/Why not? 3 Are you stressed before an exam? What do you do to feel less stressed? 2 4) Listen to someone answering question 2 in Ex. 1. What reasons does he give to support his opinion? Reading 3 a) Read the rubric, then look at the texts. Which is (a/an) notice, storage information, sign, note, email, label? at the text in each} | question. What does it say? ' Mark the correct answer A, 1B, or C on your answer | sheet b) Do the task. Justify your answers. 76 Example @® Dr Eccleston will see emergency patients in August. B Dr Eccleston is on holiday after 31st August. € Dr Eccleston will not see any patients after 31st August. g Warning! ‘VISITORS TO THE BEACH MUST NOT SWIM. WHEN THE RED FLAG IS FLYING. A Visitors are not allowed to swim at this beach, B It is not always safe to swim in the sea here. C Sometimes visitors are not allowed on the beach. errr coe shaw | ‘A Michael must take his tablets between meals. B Michael should only eat two meals a day. € Michael must take six tablets every day. From: Poppy Bill needs to know if you can go rock climbing next week. Will your boss give you the day off? Poppy tells Lawrence to A ask Bill to go rock climbing. B ask his boss for time off work. € take a week off work GT a en ee cy Cee Re ee A There is enough medicine for 28 days B_ Medicine in the fridge can be used after 28 days. © The medicine can be used for up to 28 days. John- | don't have time to go to the dentist's today. | tried to call them but they were busy. Can you phone ‘them and change my appointment for sometime next | week? | | J ® Marisa A John must call the dentist sometime next week. B_ Marisa has time to go to the dentist’s next week. C The dentist is too busy to see Marisa today.Listening Read the rubric, then read the questions 1-5 and possible answers and underline the key words. (.) Do the task. You are going to listen to | story about a special person, 4 For questions 1-5 choose th | answer A, B, C or D that fits b While the person is trying to tie his shoelaces A he feels completely lost B he tries to persuade himself not to do it. C heis on his own. D he feels confident he can make it Frank's life completely changed ‘A when he was four years old. B on his sixtieth birthday. C while he was at work, D when he retired from the factory ‘After the accident, Frank A lost his job. B couldn't help himself. asked his wife to leave him D could still do some simple things. Frank became able to use his hand again A using artificial fingers. B after he had a minor operation. with the help of a robot. D after undergoing a nightmare. Frank and his wife are planning A to eat with friends next week. B to go fly-fishing. © to take a break, D to have a party in a few years. Word formation 5 Complete each gap with the right form of the word in brackets. Some scientists think that humans are biologically programmed to be afraid of certain things, like the dark and 1). (POISON) insects. Others are convinced that a frightening event in the past lies behind many phobias. ‘A recent breakthrough in 2). .- (MEDICINE) research suggests that our memories can be rewritten and our fear erased Scientists at New York University have found that a retrieved memory can be 3) san (PERMANENT) changed. However, it appears that this is only possible within six hours of the memory emerging, After this time, the mind will simply form a second version of the memory. This means that inthe future, in times of stress or anxiety, the 4). (ORIGIN) fear memory could resurface. Still, scientists are excited. Previously, they had thought that the human longsterm memory was fixed and that the fears and phobias which hid inside it could only be treated with drugs. Now, they may have discovered MUCH 3) sonsnnes (SAFE) Way to prevent the retum of fear Key word transformations G Read the rubric, then do the task. ‘Here are some sentences about health. For each | | question, complete the second sentence so that it means | {the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1 I think it’s a good idea for you to see a dentist. Ithink .... 2 Sam doesn’t exercise regularly. Ben doesn’t either. Neither Sam .. exercises regularly. 3 That's the hospital Sue had her operation in. That's the hospital ... her operation. 4 It’s possible that a glass of warm milk with honey will help you sleep. A glass of warm milk with honey sleep. 5. The reason for going to the hospital is an ear infection. The reason .... . to the hospital is an ear infection. dentist. Writing (an essay making suggestions - Writing Bank p. WB4) ‘7 Read the rubric. (,) Listen to two people discussing the topic and make notes. Use your notes to write your essay. + Your teacher has asked you to write an essay suggestin || ways for teenagers to overcome conflict with their parents. | Write your essay justifying your suggestions (200-250 words). +Al Revision 78 10 Fill in: concentrate, venom, upset, loss, slippery, sickness, soothe, cure, strain, blurred. Drive carefully! The roads are really after last night's rain Alot of teenagers suffer from hearing because they set the volume too high on their MP3 players. Working long hours in front of a computer can cause vision, Cold water will you burn your hand. Take a break from the computer, Sam - you'll your eyes. .. the pain if Some poisonous animals inject... into their victims Eating all that spicy food yesterday gave me a(n) stomach, Scientists haven't found a for the common cold yet. Steve always gets travel goes on long car journeys. I couldn't .. at work today because I didn’t get enough sleep last night. . when he 10x2=20 marks Choose the correct word, Max was ill yesterday so he wasn't able to/ didn’t have to go to work. You might not/mustn’t climb public buildings = its illegal! A redback spider must/can give its victims a nasty bite People with hay fever should/can keep their windows closed in the summer. Tom mustn't/can't play football next week. He's broken his leg People who share mobile should/might get skin infections. If you sit in front of a laptop for too long, you may/have to get backache Alain Robert had to/could climb buildings from the age of twelve. You mustn’t/don’t have to go to the doctor for minor health problems. You can/must try a natural remedy! phones 10x2=20 marks Join the sentences using the words in brackets. 1. Dave lives in the flat upstairs. He isa firefighter. (who). .. 2 Lisa is afraid of spiders. Sarah is afraid of spiders too. (both ... and) 3 I think Jane called you. it might have been Katy. (either ... or). 4. My favourite restaurant is on the high street. It is closing down. (which). 5 Lyn isn’t coming to the party. She is unwell. (why) ooo 5x4=20 marks Match the exchanges. Should come back A Ohno. What should and see you again? Ido? I'm afraid it's infected. B Well, it's my back. Is there anything you C Only if it gets worse. can give me forit? D_ Yes, think that What seems to be might help. the problem? E You should put Why don’t you make some antibiotic a study plan? cream on it. 5x4=20 marks 5 Write an article making suggestions about how young people can stay healthy while leading such busy lives (120-180 words). 20 marks Total: 100 marks eae Lee) talk about 21* century health problems talk and write about home remedies talk about someone with amazing abilities act out a dialogue at the doctor's surgery talk about teenage problems write an essay making suggestions GOOD V VERYGOOD // EXCELLENT ///~ Vocabulary: annoying/bad habits, cultural B W// cifficutiesadjustments, problems with neighbours, co ‘> life changes, appearance & character Grammar: present perfect vs past simple, present \ oe perfect continuous, modals making deduction (must, f Can‘, may/might; tenses of the infntiveling form ~ Everyday English: complaining and apologising Pronunciation: linking sounds Writing: a paragraph about an annoying situation; speculations; a for-and-against essay Culture Corner: Social etiquette in the UK Curricular (Science): Bodytalk (involuntary ref | Phrasal verbs: take, turn i Word formation: forming negative adjectives IE O69 10 you! Which of these events have you/your family or a friend of yours recently experienced? How did you/they feel?ia = How annoying! Vocabulary Annoying/Bad habits 4a) 4.) Match the annoying habits (A-G) to the pictures (1-7). ‘Teen Blogspot > Liam Adams > latest posts > ae TCE have bad body odour gossip about others talk in the cinema talk loudly on a mobile phone have bad table manners (e.. slurp your soup) be late for an appointment @] [=] [=| [5] [4] [=] take things without asking b) Which of these do you find the most annoying? Discuss it in pairs. A; It really annoys me when people gossip about others, B: Me too. Also, can’t stand it/ hate it when Reading 2 @) The blog entries are about annoying situations. » Listen and read, Who felt sorry for the waiter? What happened to Liam? What happened to Chris? b) Read again and mark the sentences below T (true), or F (false), or DS (doesn’t say). Liam's friends were taking in the cinema. He felt very angry. 4 The man in the restaurant was with his wife Suzy's dad is a restaurant critic. ‘The train Chris was on wasn't very crowded Chris’ journey took longer than usual. 3 Choose one of the titles below for each story. Can you think of an alternative title for each? HEALTH WARNING | HOLD YOUR NOSE ‘THROWN OUT ABAD NEIGHBOUR 4. Match the idioms in bold in the text with their meanings: sympathised with, got angry, annoys ‘An idiom isa group of words that have a different ime, | started to feel sad/worried, laughing a lot, ‘meaning when they are used together from the meaning releasing my anger, the thing that made me feel the words have separately, e.g. it's a piece of cake. (t's unable to accept a situation any more. Then use very easy.) Recognising and learning to use idioms will each idiom in a sentence of your own, make your English more lively and natural. 80Gres usher, furious, be someone's fault, suffer from, complain, sneeze, cover, deal with, restaurant critic, plenty, pull into, press against, rail, break down, be stuck, polluted 6th March - Annoying Situations $9 aways gets on my nerves when people tak inthe cinema, ut you won't believe what has happened to me tonight! | Went out fo the cinema with my friends to see a fim Ive Wanted to see for ages. From the moment we sat down, a Fou of teenagers behind us didn't slop taking and laughing, and even chatting on their mobile phones. Anyway, eventually | Jost my temper. | turned around and shouted at them. Almost immediately, an usher appeared and angrily fold me to leave. My friends were laughing their heads off afterwards, but 'm still furious. t wasn't my faut! So anyway, here | am back at home, letting off steam on my blog! So, what about you? Have you suffered from people's bad habits recently? Tell me all about it and cheer me up! Posted by: Liam, 6/03, 22:14 fp) OF. that’s auf, Liam. is realy annoying. What gets on my ‘nerves is bad table manners. Ive got a really funny story about this. A few months ago, | went to a restaurant with my family. While we were trying to decide what o order, we hoard some Stange noises coming from the table behind us. Itwas a man “Suping his soup realy loudly. When he finished, he stared “Complaining to the weiter that his steak was tough and the Potaloes were overcocked. We fat realy sony forthe waiter. The final straw was when he sneezed loudly without covering his mouth and a piece of bread few out of his mouth and onto table. Ive never seen anything tke it. Anyway, about a ‘week Laer, my dad read an article in the food section of a ‘newspaper about dificult customers and the way restaurants ‘deal with them. At the top ofthe page, there was a picture of ‘the wirter and ... you guessed it, It was the man in the festauran vith the bad manners! He was a restaurant crc. Posted by: Suzy, 7/03, 13:15 Well, | have to travel on public transport every day and there fe plenty of things that annoy me. A few days ago, though, it was a boling hot day and when my train pulled ino the station 2nd | saw the bodies pressed against the door, my heart sank. Everyone was pushing to get on and | found myself next to a ‘an with terible body odour. He was holding onto a rail with his arm up in the ar and the smell was just tebe, Has this man never heard of a shower? Then, things got even worse. The train broke down in a tunnel and | was stuck there for an our. When | got ofthe tran, | took some huge deep breaths! Ie never enjoyed the polluted air of the city so much, Posted by: Chris_T, 8/03, 19:21 Se = see PP. GRE- Grammar Feng Present perfect vs past simple Match the uses (1-4) to the sentences (A- D). Find examples in the text. Ben has worked here for ten years. Tom hasn't tidied his room. It’s really messy. ve been to this restaurant before, They left the cinema an hour ago. e >A a a life experience an action that began in the past and continues to the present actions that started in the past and we can see the result now an action that was completed in the past (at a stated or clearly implied time) Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs. A: Apparently, Susan is angry because Mary een - (gossip) about her. B: Oh, that’s old news. They : (not/speak) to each other for weeks. Rca ssstssistas (anyone/see) my box of cookies? | -. (put) them on the kitchen table yesterday. 8: Oh, sorry! My friends ‘over yesterday and we wee (come) .. (eat) them. (you/visit) the new restaurant yet? B: Yes. We (go) there last Friday. A: Sarah .- (arrive) late again today. B: | know. She _ (be) late every day this week! Speaking & Writing BEETST. ic of the three situations in the text do you find the most annoying? Why? In three minutes, write a few sentences. Read them to the class. Think of an annoying situation that has happened to you. Write your post. Write: who, when, where, what happened, how you felt. 8182 struggle to get used to the weather 2 | have difficulty understanding social etiquette Vocabulary Difficulties abroad 4) © Listen and say. b) The people in the pictures have been living abroad. What problems has each been facing? Becky has been struggling to get used to the weather. Reading 24 Look at the questions in the text. What is the interview about? © Listen, read and check. b) Read again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). 1 Steven had gone to Mexico on holiday. 2. His host family are very friendly to him. 3 His host family doesn’t speak English with him. 4. Daily life in Mexico is faster than back home. 5 He doesn't like spicy food. 6 Steven feels his experience has changed his character. he to.get used (a ‘to the food a) Fill in: host, spicy, study, social, learning, know, gf improve. Make sentences using the completed phrases. opportunity | 5 . food language skills | 6 .. etiquette family | 7 to abroad 10 nnennee the answer | 8 to _ lost b) Match the highlighted words to their meanings: fulfilling, give it a try, sociable, sure of oneself, ‘overpowering, behaving towards, having difficulty. Grammar see F p.GR9 Present perfect continuous © Have/Has been + verb -ing form Find examples of the present perfect continuous in the text. When do we use this tense? Which time adverbs are used with this tense? a) Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect continuous. Mike (study) abroad for a year Susan .. 5 - (work) all night! How long {your brother/live) in Spain? They .. (learn) English for six years You look really tired. What .... nnn (Youd)? tt, (snow) since this morning. CD Use the verbs to ask questions. study), Walk) rain) WAI dig I'm really tired. 3. His clothes are dirty. Have you been studying? 4 They are annoyed. It's wet outside. 5 My feet hurt me.@ www.studentsabroad.com Cre emer ee Steven Marshall So, Steven, why did you decide to spend a year studying abroad? Wel, generally | thought it would be an adventure and a great leaming opportunity to live in a totally different culture. | chose Mexico because | have been learning Spanish for three years now and | wanted to improve my language skis What have been the best parts of your experience so far? I's very dificult to choose just a few, but one ofthe best things has definitely been the experience of living with a host family. Mexicans are very warm, outgoing people and my hosts have been tating me like part oftheir family, During my frst week, they invited their whole family for dinner to meet me and it was fun but quite overwhelming trying to answer all their questions in Spanish. I've also been leaming to slow down and relax and take an aftemoon sista after a big lunch, like the rest ofthe family! It’s been fantastic ving in one of Mexico's oldest cites, too, with its beautiful 16th century architecture. I's a great feeling when you start to feel ike you belong ina foreign place. ite things lke knowing the answer when strangers ask you for directions or getting around without getting lost are o Fewarding. And what about the challenging parts? Wel, I've been struggling abit to get used to the hot weather, but now | wear a hat. It was also dificult to get used to the spicy food, but now I'm really enjoying it. | stil have difficulty understanding social eliquette. Last week, for example, a new Mexican friend invited me for dinner and I tumed up exactly on time. My host seemed a bit surprised. | found out later that Mexicans usually tum up for an appointment at last half an hour late. What would you say to other young people considering studying abroad? (Goifrit! Without a doubt, this has been the best experience of my life sofa. I've become more SelF6hfidént, patient and outgoing, and my Spanish has improved even more than | expected. Concordia University, Mr host family, outgoing, host, treat, overwhelming, foreign, rewarding, challenging, turn up, 0 for it, self-confident, patient Modalsmaking deductions: 7 Read the theory and say the examples in your language G Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect, the past simple or the present perfect continuous. We use mustican‘t + bare infinitive when we are sure about something. Juan must be an oversea He can't be English. (im sure that he is an 1A: How long .. (you/study) English? Caen i sa (start) taking lessons when | was 8. : (you/ever be) abroad? B: Yes, 1 i (go) to Spain a few years ago. 3 A: Sandra! We (wait) for you for an hour. : Sony. I. (get) lost! >e {Dave/study) in Mexico all year? B: Yes. He sean (go) there last January. 5 A: Ann efor (get back) from France yesterday. B: | know. She (have) a great time. 3h) your project yet, Mike? (work) (your B: No.1 on it all week, but | ‘ (not/finish) it yet overseas student. I'm sure he isn't English.) * We use may/might when we aren't sure about something. She may/might be from South America (V'm not sure if she is from there; it’s possible.) Look at the picture and choose the correct words. They must/can’t be lost. They must/can’t be in th home town. 3. They may/can’t be tourists or overseas students. 4 The weather must/can’t be hot. It may/can't be summer. 5 It may/can’t be a big city. Speaking & Writing SS 9 [EET wat problems has steve been facing in Mexico? How has he coped with them? In three minutes write a few sentences, Tell the class. 83| (ar eins in the UK Are you planning to visit the UK in the near future? Since every country has its own set of dos and don'ts, it’s worthwhile to find out just what it means to be Pere ord Leos Z a Ss cere ogee eked TL] I you are meeting someone for the frst time, extend a and to say hello. Britons greet each other with firm randshakes. Hugs are rare, but kissing on the cheek is not unusual between friends or relatives. Also, itis important to make eye contact while speaking with someone; othenvise you will seem rude or insincere. Use titles, such as Dr Smith or Mr Norts, to show respect, unless, someone invites you to use ther first name, Address a woman as Ms (as in Ms Banks) ifyou arent sure if she is married or not ZL_]when Brits ask how you are, they don't expecta long reply about your recent headaches or your sore throa A. “How are you?” is atypical greeting that asks for a \ simple answer such as “im fine.” You ‘may compliment a person on thet ew aicut oF Shirt, but never , tell someone that they look tired or unwell unless you are really afraid that they may be ill. Don't ask someone how much money 3M) tho spent on something, Also, never talk | loudly on a mobile phone in public 2% = make or how much money they've extend, firm handshake, rare, hug, make eye contact, typical, greeting, in public, be aware, crowded place, token, elbow, second-rate ‘and be aware that taking a phone call during. mealtimes is considered to be extremely rude. Also, you should say ‘please’ and ‘thank you" in all situations. 31] Giving a thumbs up or okay sign ae al positive gestures. Using your index finger to point at someone is impolite; instead, ‘extend your entire hand, palm facing up. Inthe UK, a smile a sign of friendliness and even politeness. So, if someone smiles at you, relur the gesture! However friendly Brits may seem, though, they sill prefer that you don't get too close to them. Keep a distance of about alfa metre from people, unless you are in a crowded place ZL] sharing a meal with Brits shouldn't be a stressful event. Nevertheless, there are 2 few things to remember when you find} yourself ata dinner table. If someone invites you over fora meal bringing a small gif, ike lowers, is 2 nice token of thanks. Make sure to arrive on time and if you must be late, call your host 10 apologise. Always wait until everyone has food in front of them before you start eating and remember to keep your elbows off t table, Aso, it is very Important to keep your mouth closed whi chewing: Brits think talking with a mouth ful of food is rude a disgusting. I you eatin a restaurant, expect to pay your waiter a that i 10 percent of the bill, but not ifthe service i second-rateac leave rubbish iam outside their hous children make a lot of noise/damage property Complaining and apologising o Listen and say. Do you have/Have you had any of these problems with your neighbours? If so, what happened? Our neighbour lets his dog bark all day and night. We complained once, but nothing has changed. 2 a) ) Listen and say. * Could | talk to you for a minute? * What can I do for you? *1'm afraid | have a complaint. * Oh, I'm really sorry about that. ll make sure it doesn’t happen again. * Thanks, I'd really appreciate that. b) The sentences above are from a ialogue between neighbours. What do you think the problem is? (> Listen and read to find out. Alan: Excuse me. | don't think we've met yet. I'm Alan Jones. I've just moved in next door. | Ray: Pleased to meet you, Alan. I'm Ray Newton. | Alan: Pleased to meet you, Ray. Could | talk to you | for a minute? | Ray: Sure, What can | do for you? t Alan: Well, I'm afraid | have a complaint. It’s just | that you've been playing your music really | loud. My roommates and | are students, and | : we just can’t study with so much noise. } Ray: Oh, I'm really sorry about that. I didn’t realise it was bothering anyone. | Alan: That's OK. It's just that we have exams in a | | few weeks | | Ray: | understand. Don’t worry. I'll make sure it | doesn’t happen again | | Alan: Thanks - I'd really appreciate that. | Ray: You're welcome. And sorry again. Alan: Don’t worry about it. Have a nice day. } [play loud music ] See Gilet their dog bark [EG “> all day and night | “park in front of [ your driveway 3 Find sentences in the dialogue which mean: How can | help you? ~ lapologise. - Can | discuss something with you? - 1 didn’t know it was a problem. - That would be great. Pronunciation: linking sounds 9 4. Read the theory, then listen and say. Linking sounds In spoken English, words may be linked together when cone word ends with a consonant sound and the next word begins with a vowel. The consonant is pronounced at the beginning of the next syllable. 1 Not atall 2. What can | do for you? 3. Samp js always playing loud music. 4 ve just moved in Speaking 5 © imagine you want to complain to your neighbour about one of the problems in Ex. 1. Use the sentences in Ex. 2a to act out your dialogue. Follow the plan. Greet B & introduce — Say ‘Pleased to meet yourself. you Reply & ask if you can? Agree & ask what you have a word. can do for A. Make your complaint. —* Apologise. Accept the apology. #—* Promise that it won't Thank B. o— happen again. End the conversation. eply & apologise again 85SO in a scholarship toa top university a), Listen and say, b) Which of these changes would you (not) like to make in the future? Why (not)? Tell your partner. | (Satisfig + exciting * difficult) | * challenging tiring scary © risky! I'd love to set up a charity to hel people. It would feel very satisfying, ! like to have cosmetic Read the title and the introduction of the article. Then read the first and the last sentence in each text in the article, What changes do you think each of these people made in their lives? +” Listen and read to find out. Liz has shared the stage with world leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev and the Dalai Lama as an international speaker Its hard to believe that at the age of 16 ] she was homeless and sleeping on park benches and underground trains! Liz's parents were drug addicts and couldn't look after her and | her site. She says, ‘We ate ice cues bacause it ft ke eating. We spit a tube of toothpaste between us for dinner.” When their mother died, their j_{ather moved to a homeless sheter and Liz and her sister were out onthe J streets of New York. At this point, Liz decided to try to turn her life ] around. She went back to school and through dedication and determination, she eventually won a scholarship to a top university. Since Liz graduated from Harvard in 2009, she has been speaking at events to teenagers about staying away from drugs and gangs. She wants them to understand that they can reach their goals, whatever they have had to face in their lives. Read the article again and write L (Liz), M (Mark) or N (Narayanan), Which person ... plans to live with people who share his/her ideas? helps people to look better? wanted to show people that something isn’t necessary? has appeared at events with famous people? had an experience that changed his/her mind? was ina difficult situation along with a family member? auawnsA few years ago, Economics graduate Mark was the manager of an organic food company. He has always been passionate about the environment and social issues, but he felt that he wanted to do even more. He argued that if we grew our own food instead of buying it, we wouldn't throw a third oft away while milions around the world go hungry. So, Mark gave up his job and decided to prove that we dont need money to survive, by living without it for a year. He moved into an old caravan in the ‘countryside, put in solar panels for power, and started growing his ‘own food and washing in a river. When he did't have enough home- grown food, he went into the forest to pick wild food, like berries. Mark ‘enjoyed the year so much that he has been living without money since then. Recently, he's written a book, The Moneyless Man: A Year of Freeconomic Living and hopes to use the profits to create a whole ‘community that lives without money. (Narayanan Krishnan Narayanan Krishnan was an award: winning chef who was about to take Up a top job in Switzerland. Then, while visiting his parents at home in| 9. India, he saw an old man starving Under a bridge. He says," fed that man and decided that this is what | should do for the rest of my life." He gave up his job and set up a charity called the Akshaya Trust Every day, Narayanan now personally prepares and hands out 400 simple, tasty hot meals to the homeless. He also carries a comb, scissors and a razor so that he can give haircuts and shaves. Narayanan sleeps in Akshaya's kitchen, but he says he's enjoying his life. He has shown what one person can achieve when they set out to change the world! share the stage, homeless, drug addict, shelter, dedication, determination, win, scholarship, reach your goals, social issue, passionate, throw away, solar panel, home-grown, profits, community, award-winning, starving, shave, achieve have cosmetic surgery DP inatch the headings to the texts. In pairs, think of alternative ones. CARING FOR THE HUNGRY. } ALIFE WITHOUT CASH } FROM HOMELESS TO HARVARD a) Match the phrasal verbs in bold in the text with the meanings below. + installed * gives * created * started living in * change care for « started * stopped doing b) Choose five of the phrasal verbs and make sentences about the people in the text. G Use words from the box in the correct form to complete the sentences, 1. Some people afe nv and live on the streets. 2. She decided to put in a to reduce heating costs. 3 They worked hard to their goals and finally they made it. a . such as bullying, racism and poverty are matters that affect members of a society. 5 He has enough .... food to last for months. Speaking & Writing METER who do you admire the most - Liz, Mark or Narayanan? Why? Write a few sentences on the topic, then read them to the class. 87co = kid Changes in life hen my best friend Alisha first invited me to go with her to her cousin's wedding in India, | leapt at the chance. A wedding is very imporiant to Hindus because it signifies the mariage of two families, not just a couple. It sounded so exotic and | wanted to see it for myself When we walked out of the aifport into the steaming hot day, a large group of Alisha’s relatives were waiting excitedly to greet us. After having greeted ‘grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins, from the oldest to the youngest according to tradition, we caught a taxi and | got my first taste of the hustle and bustle of Jaipur. Bicycle rickshaws bumped along beside us as | admired the architecture of the pink city ~ Jaipurs nickname from the colour of its buildings. “That night was the Sangeet, the first night of the wedding celebrations. The garden at the bride's house was full of brightly-coloured decorations and women wearing beautiful multi-coloured saris. One of Alisha's aunts soon pulled me up to dance. Everyone seemed to know the steps — apart from me, that is! | really enjoyed watching the modem Bollywood" dances. ‘My favourite of all was the dandidas, a traditional dance using sticks. Inthe past this party used to last for about ten days! The following afternoon, it was the Mehndi party Mehndi is the decoration of the hands and feet with a dye called henna. All of the women sat under a big tent ‘and some artisis drew amazing designs on our hands. ‘The designs last for weeks and are a symbol of future Vocabulary Stages in life 4. Listen and say. At which ) stage: are you? is 1 get engaged/married/divorced/a job/a degree/a promotion your teacher? are 2 have _children/grandchildren/a baby/a wedding/a family your parents? is reception/a birthday party/marital problems your uncle? are 3 buy —ahouse/a car/a boat/land/property your neighbours’ 4 goto kindergarten/school/college/university kids? infant (1-12 months) toddler (1-2 years) child (2-12 years) teenager (13-19 years) adult (20+) ‘middle-aged (40+) elderly (60+) 2. Use the phrases below to describe the pictures in Ex. 1. 5 attend someone's wedding/retirement party/funeral Reading What do you know about Hindu weddings? What would you like to know? Write down three questions you have. answers to your questions? prosperity and happiness. Later, Alisha and her relatives taught me some dance steps for the wedding ceremony the following day! On the morning of the wedding, Alisha surprised me with a gift ~ a green and gold sik sari - and helped me to put it on. At first felt a bit awkward, but soon I realised it was very comfortable to wear! The groom arrived wearing white and riding a white horse with a marching band ‘closely following him. It was a spectacular entrance, but it was nothing compared to the bride! She was wearing a ‘magnificent sari of red and gold velvet with stunning gold jewellery. Then the bride and groom sat under a mandap, @ decorated tent with a small ire in the middle. During the ceremony, they seemed to be doing lots of different ‘symbolic things like walking around the fire or ‘exchanging flower garlands. After the ceremony, we ate lots of traditional Incian dishes - the ones inside banana leaves were my favourite! Then, itwas time for more dancing. Thankfully, this time | didn't seem to embarrass myself so much! I feel lucky to have met such warm people and have experienced a traditional Indian wedding, It was like being at the fairytale wedding (of an Indian prince and princess! * Hindu cinema consisting mainly of musical. leap at the chance, signify, steaming hot, greet, tradition, hustle and bustle, nickname, stick, last, dye, prosperity, silk, groom, marching band, entrance, stunning, ‘ceremony, embarrass oneself, fairytale wedding Now listen and read the text. Can you find thed the text again and for questions 1-5, joose the best answer A, B, Cor D. ed to go to the wedding because C Alisha needed someone to go with her. D she had always wanted to go to India. On the way from the airport, the writer A got stuck in traffic. B rode on a rickshaw. C looked at the unusual buildings. D chatted to Alisha's relatives. At the Sangeet, the guests A celebrate for ten days. B take part in different dances. C put up decorations. D decorate each other's hands. ‘At the wedding, the writer seems to have been most impressed by A the groom's entrance. B the ceremony under the mandap. © the food. D the bride’s appearance The writer suggests that by the end of the celebrations A her dancing skills had improved. B she felt awkward. C itgot very hot. D she had good luck. a) Choose the correct word. He leapt/hopped at the chance of travelling to india, tt was such a steaming/simmering hot day that we decided to go to the beach. She greeted/waved us with a big warm smile. She isn’t used to the hustle and buzz/bustle of the big city. The party took/lasted until the early hours. I felt very clumsy/awkward in the long red dress He made a spectacular entry/entrance on a white horse. twas the hest holiday we've ever felt/experienced. b) Match the words in bold with their meanings: wealth, had the experience of, jumped, meet, uncomfortable, humiliate, shows, busyness, swapping. Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect, Present Perfect, Continuous 8 buna au @ Fill in: lower, steaming, wedding, future, hustle, fairytale, multi-coloured, marching. Use the completed phrases to make sentences about the wedding. hot day | 4 . and saris 5 csssssuee prosperity 6 band Tsssesene garland 8 wedding bustle celebrations see Grammar e. 69 to-infinitive/-ing form (Tenses) a) Ina minute write six verbs/phrases that go with: (to) infinitive, -ing form. b) Read the table. Find examples in the text. infinitive forms -ing forms (to) dance dancing (to) be dancing - (to) have danced having danced (to) have been - dancing Choose the correct verb forms. ‘Ann hopes to go/going to the wedding Sally seems enjoying/to be enjoying her new job. The curry was too hot eating/to eat. Mark claims to have been/having been away from home on the night of the fire. Mike can't stand dancing/to dance. John denied to have told/having told a lie. They appear to walk/to be walking around the fire. After to have eaten/having eaten, the wedding uests started to sing and dance. Speaking & Writing Look at the pictures in Ex. 1 and make speculations about them. Use seem, tend, ‘appear and appropriate infinitive forms. 10 ETS in three minutes write a few sentences comparing a typical wedding in your country to the Indian wedding in the text. Tell your partner. (D) Vocabulary Sank spp VerS.veI4 b6) BQ“yp skills Vocabulary Appearance & character * in her early twenties ‘wrinkles * moustache * freckles * long * round + of medium height « small ||) + oval « tall + overweight «thin * beard ® young * wavy « straight «in her early forties + in his mid-thirties ‘plump * dark/pale skin pierced ears ‘glasses « blond{e) « dark * bald + in her late teens b) Describe the people in the pictures. Brian is well-built and probably of medium height. He's. 2 Fillin the correct character adjectives, * patient * cheerful * honest + lazy * outgoing ‘rude * shy « generous « selfish + popular person doesn’t mind waiting. person is impolite and doesn't sussuss person likes meeting and talking to people person doesn’t want to work. +. person is always happy. person is liked by many people. - person is always giving people person feels nervous Talk about your friends and family members. What does your sister look like? ‘She's tall and thin with. What's she like? She's funny, but she can be rather bossy. Listening 2>os 4 © You'll hear an interview with a woman called Lesley about body image.For questions 1-5, tick (V) T (true) or F (false). Lesley talks to groups of teenagers. She says body image affects behaviour. She says a lot of celebrities have a poor body image, too. She doesn’t think teens should change their appearance. She advises teens with poor body image to talk to a friend their own age. Speaking Commenting on changes in appearance 5 CL Use the phrases and the prompts to act out exchanges, as in the example. * lose some weight + just get glasses + get a new haircut * grow a beard + grow my hair A: | didn’t recognise you! Have you changed somethinga B: Yes, I’ve lost some weight. A: You look great! 8: Thanks! woeA for-and-against essay 41 Read the Wi then read ing Ti the essay and find the arguments for and against the topic. What examples/justifications does the writer use to support his arguments? Writing for-and-against essays A for-and-against essay is a formal piece of writing which discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a topic. In the introduction we introduce the topic. In the main body we present the arguments for and against with examples/justifications in separate paragraphs. Each paragraph starts with a topic sentence that presents the main idea of the paragraph. In the conclusion, we summarise the arguments and give our opinion (1 think, I believe, In my opinion). We use linkers to join our ideas. Linking words/phrases © to list/add points: First, Secondly, In the first place, To start with, Finally, In addition, Moreover, etc * to introducellst (dis)advantages: The main/first advantage of ..., ‘One/Another advantage of. * to conclude: in conclusion, All in all, Finally, Lastly, etc + to show contrast: On the other hand, but, til, However, ete 2 Find the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs. Suggest other appropriate ones. These days, more and more people are thinking of having plastic surgery to improve their appearance. Some people believe it's OK if, this makes them feel better about themselves, but others think it is very worrying. Without a doubt, there are some advantages to having plastic surgery to improve your appearance. Firstly, if someone has a scar from an accident, then doctors can remove it. This will improve the person's confidence and boost their self-image. Secondly, if someone is born with a birth defect, it can affect their uality of life. Plastic surgery can help them live a normal ife without feeling different. (On the other hand, there are a number of disadvantages to plastic surgery for purely cosmetic reasons. To begin with, there might be a chance ‘that something will go wrong, This means people may end up worse off than before. In addition, plastic surgery can be addictive. People can become so obsessed with improving themselves that they are na longer recognisable. All in all, there are both advantages Gum) and disadvantages to people having plastic surgery. In my opinion, people 2 should have counseling before they : scar, boost, defect, addictive, = decide to go under the knife. posessed. counselling) Eisiat 3 Which of the highlighted linkers in the essay: introduce ‘an opinion? show contrast? list/add points? conclude? Suggest alternatives. a) ) Listen to someone talking about extreme dieting and make notes under the headings. Which arguments are: advantages? disadvantages? 1S 1T A COOD IDEA TO GO ON AN EXTREME DIET’ ARGUMENTS EXAMPLES/JUSTIFICATIONS b) Use your notes from Ex. 4a, and the plan below, to write a for-and-against essay about the pros and cons of extreme dieting (150-180 words). introduction to the topic (These days, more and more people are... . Some people... , but others...) : advantages & examplesijustifications (Without a doubt, there are some advantages... Firstly, ....) disadvantages & examples/ustfications (On the other hand, . ; Summarise the topic & express your opinion (Allin al... In ny opinion, ....) ) wing Snip. was) 91ec ee eee ib eh ed ey co Pel ears Te phragm muscle below the lungs that helps pull air into them, When we eat or drink too Te a Mu tlw) Pe ec yawning helps you to take more oxygen into the blood. Other sciontsis say that yawning stretches the muscles and lungs and ee en ee eg Ce ee um Se diaphragm pulls down air ina jerky way. an. Se cece ec mor tte his an Co Coe Tae Mal en you are asleep and ai Cec Crete a cough, you breathe i Fe Cee Rees eaters Beem mts Ge Ree ue ee m Cod Deere ee Cau ert ema) Sree rag Cm eee ad Recent ay core 3 Read the headings in the text. What causes es rae SAAR OD Tap ees toe ss ae ) Listen and read the text to find out. tate DREGE Ta Z: wae ine eee ae hiccup, snore or Match the highlighted words with their cough next to each sentence. : meanings: know about, shake, awake, 41. You may do this if you need to lose ‘slade ens 104 Cine 6 takes: seat S i uncomfortable around others. t might help you stay awake It happens when you think about A. Tell your partner one thing you remember what others think of you. about each of the reflex actions in the text. 4 You might do this if you are worried > about something. 5 [ICT] Gat™ Find out more interesting facts 5 It happens extremely fast about these reflex actions. Use textbooks, 6 You may sound like a dog when you encyclopaedias or the Internet. Present your g2 — dothis facts to the class.Phrasal verbs/ Prepositions 41 Choose the correct particle. take after: look/act like a relative take off: 1) remove (clothes) 2) leave the ground (planes) take up: start (a hobby) ‘turn down: 1) reject 2) reduce volume (eturn up) ‘turn off: switch off (#turn on) ‘tur over: move to a new page ‘turn up: arive/appear unexpectedly 1 John took offfup his jumper because he was too hot. 2 Can you turn up/down your music please, Sam? I can't hear the TV. 3 Now turn down/over the page and look at Exercise 3, everyone. 4 Fran turned down/up at the party at about 9 pm. 5 Matt turned off/down the job because he found a better one. 6 | take after/over my grandfather. ‘We are both tall with green eyes. 2 Choose the correct preposition. 1 [felt really sorry for/about her. 2. Tania is always gossiping about/for other people. 3. It gets in/on my nerves when people talk loudly at/on their mobile phones. 4 {enjoyed my time in Spain, but | struggled of/with the language. 5 Stop shouting off/at them. 6 People trust you more if you look them in/to the eye. OG Language in Use : Word formation Fill in the sentences with the correct word derived from the word in brackets. Word Formation - forming negative adjectives We use non (existent - non-existent), un (hoppy - unhappy), dis (satisfied - dissatisfied), in (accurate - inaccurate), before I (legal -ilega, im (before b, m, p) (polite - impolite) and ir (before 1 (reoular -irreuior. 1. The sales assistant was very .. . $0 | didn’t buy anything. (HELPFUL) 2. Steve never considers the results of his actions. He can be very sa (RESPONSIBLE) 3 Ifind it to sleep if someone snores! (POSSIBLE) 4 Ws to keep the money if a sales assistant gives you too much change. (HONEST) 5 Itwas an) ... .. dinner party so we didn't need to dress up. (FORMAL) 6 Tony's arguments were didn’t make sense. (LOGICAL) .. They just Collocations : plastic, give, vocal, host, reach, lose, stay, take, homeless, social. Mien ... my temper 6 your goals 2 .adeep breath | 7 alert 3 family | 8 cords 4 ahug | 9 etiquette 5 a .. shelter surgery Read through Module 5 and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Then write a quiz of your own. ‘Mexicans never take an afternoon siesta. Brits appreciate punctuality. Jaipur's nickname is the red city. ‘Adrenalin increases the blood flow to your face. ‘Yawning increases the heart rate. You shouldn't tip in a restaurant in the UK. Unborn babies yawn Studies say that women don't snore as much as men, evaunswnea) Read the rubric, then the information about each person. Underline the key words The people below want to take a gap year. Read the information then read ! the descriptions of eight gap year activities. Decide which gap year activity would be the most suitable for the following people. For questions 4 write the correct letter A-H. b) Do the task. Justify your answers. Willis training to be a nurse at a University hospital. He wants to Use his skis in a worthwhile activity that also. shows im how people in different cultures TL] le =e Tom enjoys hard work and would love the opportunity of staying with the people he is helping, He would prefer an outdoor activity thet will make a permanent diference in local’ lives. Lucy is a keen environmentalist who works at the local animal shelter in her free time, She would like to do an activity that allows i her to help species that are under 3] _] treat Jessie is doing history at university : and would like to do something that ; might help her career. She is used to looking after herself and would tke to work with others who share her interests. [4 Joe is studying to become a PE |] eacher. In his free time, he goes | walking in the hills around his ke 4] town He enoys a chaonge ard | would like to make some close 4 fiends 94Listening 2&2 Read the rubric and do the listening task. Justify your answers. "You are going to listen to a strange ! £ coincidence. Listen and mark sentences 1-5 | * T (true) or F (false) ' 1. Meredith was taken to her new family when she was a toddler. 2 She had a rather difficult childhood. 3. Jim and his wife didn’t have any children. 4. Jim found out about Meredith through the Internet. 5 The two girls haven't met yet. Word formation 3 _ Read the text and complete the gaps with ‘the words derived from the words in brackets. ‘At 5:30 every moming, before he got on the school bus, 15-year-old Trevon Jenifer took his dog out for a walk The 1)... .» (DIFFER) between Trevon and any other early moming dog walker was that Trevon Walked on his hands. He was born in 1988 in Maryland, USA without legs and life was challenging in every way. The family were poor, Dut they 2) ..em:snnsnsn (GOURAGE) him to adopt the attitude that he could do anything he put his mind to, Even though he was given a pair of prosthetic legs, he preferred to do without them and use his arms and hands a his legs and feet instead. He was a9)... (CHEER) boy and he was popular at school, always wiling to help out and do whatever he could. His teachers were 4) (CONSTANT) amazed at his abilities, Trevon is now a member of the wheelchair basketball team and has also published a book about his life. What ‘annoys him is when reporters ask him if his life would have been different with legs. His 5).. (RESPOND) to this is that he thinks the question is as Pointless as asking “What if the sun rose in the west ?”, His attitude is that he is the way he is and he is happy that this attitude inspires others to do better things in their lives. Bem eT Speaking a) Read the rubric, then do the task. Try to describe the photograph in as much detail as possible, Work in pairs. Each of you will talk on your : | own about something. You will each have a! 1 photograph about important moments in : | people's lives. Student A: show your | photograph to Student B and then tell «him/her what you can see in your Now, Student B: show your photograph to Student A and then tell him/her what you can see in your picture. b) Read the rubric, then do the task in pairs. ! The photographs show important moments ¢ in people's lives. Now, I'd like you to talk | together about an important moment in; your life and how it has affected you. ! . @ Listen to two people answering the question in Ex. 4b. What situation does each describe? Writing (a for-and-against essay - Writing Bank p. WB5) Read the rubric. .) Listen to two people discussing the topic and make notes. Use your notes to write your essay. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay | discussing the pros and cons of studying | abroad. Write your essay in 200-250 words. 255) Revision 96 1 ouaw Fill in: Jost, sneeze, sank, reach, cheerful, bark, gossip, blush, overweight, look after. ‘Anya is always so She's always smiling and I've never seen her in a bad mood! Tom tried hard t0 nnn. his goals. Narayanan Krishnan gave up a great job to homeless people. Our neighbours let their dog... .. all night. It's so annoying! Sam is a bit ; he should stop eating junk food, A snsnneenns 8 & feaction to an irritation in the nose. Some people .... when they are embarrassed. It’s annoying when people about me He his temper and started shouting When she saw him leave, her heart 10x2=20 marks Fill in: retirement, pale, marital, pierced, win, manners, late, reach, social, leap. ae ears | 7 to inhis ... a scholarship teens 8 to... at the chance | your goals party | 9 ee skin etiquette to have 10 to have bad ... problems Choose the correct tense. Maria found/has been finding it hard to make friends so far at college. She has changed/changed her life completely since she moved abroad. Julie has lost some weight. She did/has been doing a lot of exercise recently. You're all wet! Did you walk/Have you been walking in the rain? What has Mark been doing/did Mark do since he quit his job? 5x2=10 marks 2. Alan doesn't wear glasses, so that .... Fill in: may/might, must, can't. John smile! be pleased. Look at his huge be him. 3. Look at all of Sara's birthday cards. She .. bee popular. ait _1ain later, so take an umbrella just incase. 5 Tessa change her career, but she isn’t sure yet. 5x2=10 marks Put the verbs in brackets into the correct (to)-infinitive or -ing form. Peter seems (wait) for someone. He looks very nervous. 2. Ann appears .. (have) difficulty getting a job. 3. Laura can’t stand .... (wear) long dresses. 4 Sue seems .. (lose) a lot of 5 They denied weight. Has she been on a diet? ... (take) the money. 5x2=10 morks Match the exchanges. You look different. A Pleased to meet 3] Can Ihave a quick word? B That's OK. I've just moved here. © | have a complaint. I'm sorry about that. I've lost weight. 7 [51] What can ido for your © Sure. 5x4=20 marks Write a for-and-against essay on ‘Is it a good idea to become a vegetarian?” (120-150 words). 20 marks (TCS aaah) talk and write about annoying habits talk about culture shock talk and write about social etiquette make deductions complain and apologise talk about appearance write a for-and-against essay GOOD / VERYGOOD // EXCELLENT ///J Vocabulary: types of crime, crime fighting, street art, J W// cybercrime, the law, problems in the community Grammar: the passive, impersonal/personal passive structures, make/let, the causative, reflexive pronouns, reported speech (statements, orders/commands & questions) Everyday English: giving a witness statement Pronunciation: epenthesis Writing: an interview; a summary; letter to the editor making suggestions Culture Corner: the civil rights movement inthe USA J Curricular (Citizenship): Amnesty International Phrasal verbs: run, set, wear, work Word formation: prefixes ° ‘aaa ad Mleyet}tes ‘Over 10 you! Which of these crimes do you think are the most serious? Which are a problem in your town/city? Have you heard of/read about any of these crimes recently? Report it to the class.CEB Is it art? 98 Vocabulary Types of art (D Listen and say. * pottery * carving « painting * computer graphics * sculpting + drawing * graffiti + photography « architecture * print making * collage What can an artwork be about? e.g. people, events, etc Reading & Listening a) The pictures in the text show different types of art. Describe the pictures. b) How do you think people react to each type of street art? G2 Listen and read to find out. a) Read the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the false sentences. Some old ladies started the first graffiti knitting group. You can only see Lego repair work in New York. Many New Yorkers don’t like the Lego repair work, No one is certain who: Banksy really is. Banksy's work can only be seen on the streets. Guerrilla gardeners have permission for what they do. The police often arrest guerrilla gardeners. 8) Match the words in bold to their meanings: responses, happy with, name, people, immediately, rude and upsetting, agreement, derelict, worn out, split, enclosed, more than enough, breaking into pieces, add colour to, change. LO These days, itis not only grannies who. knit. In cities such as New York, London and Berlin, community art groups are AF busy ‘raft knitting’, creating colourful Gi decorations for lampposts, parking! meters, cars and statues. The craze was started by Magda Sayeg in the USA, when she! ‘decided to brighten up the steel and concrete Tandscape of Austin, Texas with her knitted creations. Now knitting needles are clicking worldwide and cities are inviting the knitters to transform their public spaces. Most people's reactions are positive and ‘even though it isn't strictly legal, Sayeg says, “You'd have to be the most bored police officer to want to arrest me.” So, next time you walk past a city statue, take a look it might be wearing a scarf! CA Most people remember playing with Lego bricks as a child. It seems, though, that toy tows aren't the only things they are used to construct. ‘Lego repair work’ was created by German artist Jan Vormann. Jan spent three years traveling the world, fixing crumbling walls and monuments with Lego. Jan took his project to New York and together with 2 team of volunteers, constructed Lego repairs all over the city, including at the Brooklyn Bridge and Central Park. Cracks in buildings soon disappeared and were replaced with bright Lego shapes. Most New Yorkers are pleased with the Lego-look 4. Fillin: strictly, instantly, bulletproof, brighten up, crumbling, divided, immediate, neglected. 1. The local council is taking action to F the town centre and improve its appearance. 2. Smoking is prohibited. 3. There are easy ways to fx .. walls so that they don’t fall apart. His style is so distinctive that it is recognisable. Police officers wear vests to protect themselves. His paintings are controversial so critics’ opinions are ....... . The park was ......... It had broken benches and long grass. The police were asked to take - action. 5 EEE think of an alternative title for each section of the text.Most big cities have their fair share of graft, but, like it oF not, one Brtsh graffiti artist is mow considered to be a worldwide phenomenon. The true identity of Banksy is surrounded in mystery, but his artis instantly recognisable. Some of his most ferous images include a young gil with a heart- shaped balloon and a dove of peace wearing a bulletproof vest. Banksy's work has even been exhibited in art exhibitions and a lot of his works have been sold. Because of his striking images and comments on socal problems, public opinion is divided. Some find Banksy's work offensive, while others think he's one ofthe most important artists today. Guerrita gardeners plant flower gardens and vegetable patches on neglected land without permission. They believe it improves inner- Listen, read and check. electron microscope, ultraviolet light, trace, identify, lab, silicon chip, distressing3 Read again and complete the sentences. Ben Langdon works as A case can take .. Ben’s specialised Ben searched the mask for ... Ben got the DNA from the mask At work forensic scientists use .... Ben likes his job because . Nounwne 4. a) Match the highlighted words to their meanings: name, normal, carrying a weapon, answered, proof, upsetting, very small ‘amounts, specimens, person police believe is guilty of a crime, faster than ever before. b) Fill in: solve, crime, blood, ultraviolet, record, silicon. Make sentences about Ben using the completed phrases. 1 crimes. eat scene 2 iin setime | 5 nnn light B analysis | 6 chip "see Grammar pp. GRI0- Impersonal/Personal y.6R11 passive structures - make/let 5 Read the examples. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. ple think he excoped He is thought to have escoped the c Itis thought that he escaped the co ‘Note how, make and let change in the passive. J+ Hemade me go out ~ i was made to oo Fey dhe bi ess Bk weet he country They let him search the scene of the crime. People believe the police will catch the robbers. They made him tell the truth. ‘They won't let us examine the evidence. They announced the police have found the gi uawn of Rewrite the headlines in the passive voice. 1 ROBBERS caught WITH £1,000,000 2 ONE-DAY STRIKE TO BE HELD NEXT MONDAY 3 MISSING SKIERS FOUND 4 NEW MUSEUM TO BE OPENED BY MAYOR 5 BANK ROBBERY COMMITTED YESTERDAY ri 3 The Causative (have + object + past participle) 7 Read the theory. Then, rewrite the sentences using the causative. ‘We use the causative to say that we have arranged for someone to do something for us or when something is done to us, Compare Tom is having a burglar alarm installed 1. The policeman took Bill's fingerprints. Bill had his fingerprints taken. 2 Someone has stolen Ann’s car. Ann 3 An electrician is fitting security lights outside our house. We 4. Tony will repair our broken lock today. We . 5. Peter’s house was burgled yesterday. Peter Reflexive pronouns Q Read the theory then complete the correct reflexive pronoun. yo - yourselves himselfhe themselves | We use reflexive pronouns to emphasise the nour/pronoun of a { sentence. He installed the burglar alarm himself (on his own) They repaired the locks .. He fitted the window She cleaned everything .. We caught the burglar .. Ian do it wawne Speaking & Writing 9 TEEN choose a job from Ex. 1 and in Pairs act out an interview similar to the one in Ex. 2. (7) Vocabulary Bank 6 pp. Wave VBT?,&.6) 101C_GOFROM GREAT SUCCESS TO SADNESS UD GUNTINUE What SME SIANIED 102 3 Culture Corner the Civil Rights Movement inthe USA “have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character.” Martin Luther King Jr (1929-1968) [11] Until the mid-1950s in the USA, African Americans Were not treated equally. They couidh't find work easily and ‘even then they got the worst jobs and received low wages. They were also separated trom whites in public places like schools ‘and theatres and on public transport. One day, though, an incident on a bus sparked a revolution. 2[_] On 1st December, 1956, in Montgomery, Alabama, an Afican American woman called Rosa Parks wouldn't give up her bus seat fo @ white man and move to the back of the bus where black people had to sil. Rosa was arrested, but her protest had real impact and attracted the attention of aman who ‘would soon lead the Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King [3]_] King was bom in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He studied ‘Theology and became a minister. During his youth, King was inspired by Indian leader, Mahatma Gandhi, who encouraged ‘non-violent protests to create positive change in society. [4[__] King admired Rosa Parks for her bravery and began @ boyeot of Montgomery buses, with African Americans refusing to travel on them for over a year. The protest resulted in a ban ‘on black and white segregation on public transport. His non- violent campaign for poltical change atracted many supporters, including writers, artists and politicians of all races. [51_| In 1963, King led thousands of people on the historic "March on Washington’, the home of the government and gave his famous ‘I have a dream’ speech. The following year, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act which ruled that racial iscrimination was illegal. Despite racist opposition, King had achieved incredible results. However, in 1968, tragedy struck ‘and he was assassinated. The world mourned his los. [6[_] Marin Luther Kings legacy ines on. He is an inspratonal figure because he changed society in a positive and peaceful way. Americans now celebrate Martin Luther King Day. ‘every year on 15th January to ensure that he is never forgotten. judge, treat equally, spark a revolution, protest, have an impact, be inspired, bravery, boycott, result in, ban, segregation, race, march, Congress, pass an Act, rule racial discrimination, assassinate, mourn his loss, legacy 4 Read the quote by Martin Luther 3 Fillin: positive, sparked, impact, struck, treated, legacy, attracted, King in the text. How is Martin wages, banned, mourned. Then explain the highlighted words. Luther King connected to the civil ; rights movement in the USA? Se eS eae equal () Listen, read and check. af Women ised SoBe pale oy es H His speech a revolution that changed people's 2. Match the headings (A-G) to the lives. correct paragraph (1-6). There is one extra heading. 4 5 6 ‘A_ REFUSE TO BE MOVED 7 8 9 0 He B INTRODUCE A GREAT LEADER EMG F LIVE WITH INEQUALITY G REMEMBER A NATIONAL HERO | 5 HIGH 10 VOLE ‘Their protest had a real Racial discrimination should be If we work together, we can bring on the whole world worldwide attention to the problem of famine. _ in all countries. changes in society. The whole nation ed his loss. Tragedy in 1948 when Gandhi was shot dead. Bob Marley died at the age of 36, but his lives on ETSI what do the actions of Martin Luther King tell you about his personality? In three minutes write 2 few sentences. Tell the class. ETE. think of an inspirational figure in your country. Compare and contrast this person to Martin Luther King.rc Everyday English O&9 Giving a witness statement A] MUGGING in town centre 4] Read the newspaper report extracts. What Police in Harley are was the sixth incident in is each one about? investigating a mugging a week . Ou i which took place on 2 a ee and sy Below are auestons 2 Ee yiemetareunde police officer asked a witness of a crime. 9 om tat Saturday. This Which report do they match, A or 8? * Where and when did you witness the incident?®] Mystery Vandal * What exactly did you see? A masked vandal attacked the Town Hall on * What happened next? Shortland Street at 2 pm last Friday throwing * Can you describe any of the gang? glass bottles and rocks and breaking two Is there anything else you can tell us about -—- Windows. The reason is unknown ... the incident? _—_—_———- * Can | take your address and telephone number, please? Pronunciation: epenthesis Listen and read to find out. 4. Read the definition. 2 Listen to the words and find the added ‘A: What's your name, please? Elliott Fisher. ‘A: OK. Now, where and when did you witness the incident, Mr Fisher? B: | was crossing Murphy Street at about 9 o'clock on Saturday night. ‘A; What exactly did you see? sound. Epenthesis is the addition of one or more sounds to a word to make its pronunciation easier. The sound can be a consonant or a vowel. ‘hamster + umbrella * dreamt + drawing . ith B: Yes. | saw a gang of boys shouting at another ee boy. Then they pushed him to the ground and took his bag. Speaking : What happened next? | shouted at the gang to stop and they all ran away. Can you describe any of the gang? B: | noticed that one of them was very tall and was wearing a green baseball cap. A: OK. Is there anything else you can tell me about the incident? Erm ... No, | don’t think so. Can | take your address and telephone number, please? B: Of course. My address is 7, Scarsdale Drive and my telephone number is 382736. ‘A: Thank you very much You're welcome. 5 CD imagine you are the witness, John Jones, in the incident in report B. Your partner is a police officer. Act out your dialogue. Follow the plan. Ask B's name- S ‘Ask where/when B witnessed. the incident Ask what B saw. Describe what you saw first. Describe what happened next. Describe him. ‘Ask what happened next. Ask if B can describe the. person. Ask ifB can tell you anything else Ask for B's address/phone number? Thank B for his time. 3 Find sentences in the dialogue which mean: What did you witness? ~ What took place after that? - Did you see what any of the gang looked like? ~ Not really. - | appreciate your help. 103104 Vocabulary 4 Ina minute, list some positive and negative | aspects of using the Internet. Compare your list with your partner's. PROS: have immediate access to information CONS: exposes users to security risks 2 _ Read the dictionary entry. How are these words related to it? Check in your dictionaries. hacking * identity theft + illegal downloading of music/films, etc * online credit card fraud * phishing * spreading computer viruses Listening 3. Listen to four people who have been victims of cybercrime. Match the people to the crime. A phishing Speaker 1 B identity theft Speaker 2 computer virus Speaker 3 D illegal downloading Speaker 4 E email spam KWLH Before reading a text, make a KWLH (know-want to know-learn-how) chart. This will help you use your prior knowledge, understand the text better and increase your knowledge Reading 4. Copy the chart below into your notebooks. Read the title of the text and complete the first two rows of the chart. What | already Know What | Want to know What | Learnt | How | can learn more De) Crime & Technology | (Cybercrime) ey Crackers! at would you think if the road signs on the ia told you that there were zombies ahead or that you were approaching a UFO crossi forming you about the traffic i Well, this isn't as strange a scenario as it sounds. Both of these messages have been displayed to drivers. In 2009, people in Lubbock, Texas were warned that ‘THE BRITISH R COMING’ by one of their road signs Somebody had hacked into the computer system and altered the wording on the road signs. [2] _] They made mischief by using computer codes written by other people. Their exploits are annoying but don't usually cause too much disruption. However, their big brothers, the crackers, area different story altogether. Security crackers are highly intelligent programmers who break into computer systems to cause havoc. They use their knowledge to gain access to systems and infect them. [3 [_] In 2004, one cracker introduced a worm into a number of computer systems and caused disruption on a global scale. In the UK, the Coastguard had to go back to map reading rather than relying on their navigation systems, in Brussels it hit the European Commission headquarters and in Taiwan, more than 400 post office branches had to resort to using pen and paper after their computers crashed. 5 _ Read the text. Five sentences have been removed. Complete the gaps (1-5) with one sentence A-F. One sentence is extra. ‘A. This was the work of relatively harmless geeks known as script buddies. B Would you think it was just a little joke or something more serious? Turning off your computer is not the solution to the problem. D Attacks like this scare people. This is why governments are focusing their attention on strengthening their defences. F Once a system is infected all kinds of things can go wrong,ZL_] Think what might happen if'a cracker could disrupt power stations, water supplies or even air traffic control. With so much of our lives organised by computers, an attack could be devastating. The threat from cyber terrorism is very serious and very real. [5] _] In many cases, they invite computer hackers to try to break into their systems to see where a they are weak. A number of private companies also hire hackers for this reason, to identify and protect any point that a criminal might be able to use to gain access. As the threat to national security increases so does the drive to stop the criminal crackers from getting into the system. Computer whizzes can get paid to hack systems as employees of companies, or do it ilagaly and risk going to prison. zombie, traffic jam, scenario, warn, hack, alter, harmless geek, script buddy, make mischief, exploit, disruption, havoc, gain access, rely on, navigation system, resort to, devastating, strengthen, defences Complete the sentences with: gain, disruption, resorted, spread, access, mischief, navigation, rely. 6a 1. Mycomput onit 2. It's easy for hackers to access to a computer system. 3. Hackers can easily hijack computers and is very old, | can’t 4. The virus caused to the banking system, 5. Some people enjoy making for others on the Internet. 6 The hackers blocked the where the ship was. 7 He couldn't send an email so he to sending a letter instead. 8 Each time you CRACKING FACTS viruses or attack websites. systems so the coastguard couldn't trace your online accounts change your password. There is a worm that is capable of using your webcam and, microphone to watch and listen to you, spying on you whenever you use your computer. If you use the same password for lots of sites it makes the job of accessing your online accounts easier for hackers and they can steal your identity without you even knowing, ‘A number of viruses are spread as email attachments. If you open the attachment the virus can delete your hard drive and copy your address book so it can send itself to all your friends. One virus is designed to note the keys you press on the keyboard. The aim of this virus is to steal people's confidential passwords. b) Match the highlighted words to their meanings: wipe clean, danger, force entry, shown, set up, go back to, changed, corrupt, chaos, trouble, gradually reach more people, employ, extremely destructive, depending on, get entry, interference. Writing & Speaking 7) Complete the other two rows of the KWLH chart. Compare with your partner. b) Summarise the text in 80 words. g lic QS In small groups, find out more information about cybercrime. Make notes, then report your information back to the class. 105 (7 Vocabulary Bank 6p. VENT, x7[AT_] So, you thought animals and crime didn’t mix? Well, they can actually be more involved than you might think! Parrots often build strong friendships with 7 their owners. That was unfortunate for one gang of burglars, when Jack, a pet shop's resident parrot, in Coventry, UK tumed out to be no friend of theirs. ‘One night, the burglars broke into the shop and attempted to steal Jack along with some other animals, but Jack scratched the thieves to pieces | and the burglars had to make a quick getaway through the back door. The next morning, pet shop owner Caroline Hobday found Jack on top of his cage . ‘squawking loudly. Caroline said that it looked like Jack had spent the rest of the night patrolling and protecting the other animals like a guard dog. She added that she was very proud of him. A policeman later said that they would possibly be able to trace the thieves from DNA samples taken from the blood they left behind. Well, Jack, who's a clever boy then! B|_| That's quite a story. Well, in Egypt, a hungry donkey was actually sent to prison for stealing sweetcom from a field! It all stated when the owner of an agricultural research institute noticed that he had had some of his crops stolen, The police set up a checkpoint to catch a thief, but caught a donkey munching the com. While the donkey's owner was given a fine of 50 Egyptian pounds, the donkey itself was sentenced to 24 hours in prison. The donkey refused to ‘comment. Reading 4 The texts in Mark’s blog are about strange oT C[_] That's very funny. Last week | read that a court in Boston, USA, accidentally ordered a cat called Tabby Sal to do jury service! Tabby Sal's owner wrote tothe court to explain the mistake, Mrs Esposito said that Sal was a member ofthe family, 0 she had put his name down on the last census form under ‘pets. She added that, clearty, there had been @ mix-up, However, an oficial replied thatthe cat had to attend the court Mrs Esposito then asked what the cat was supposed to say when the judge asked if the defendant was guity or not uity. Miaow? verdict was eventually reached and Tabby Sal didn't have to do GECETRSCTIZED pny Service ata. law cases. Read the box and try to guess what each is about. ) Listen, read and check. [Al parrot, gang of burglars, break into, steal, scratched to pieces, make a quick getaway, squawk, patrol, protect, trace, thieves, DNA samples [B] hungry donkey, sent to prison, set up, checkpoint, fine, be sentenced to {Cleat, jury service, attend, court, judge, defendant, Quilty, not guilty, reach a verdict 2) Read the texts and match them to the headings. One heading is extra. EAT THE EVIDENCE CLAW AND ORDER MIAOW THE COURT'S DECISION HIDE THE STOLEN GOODS Rene 106 ween ea b) Which animal ... was told to be somewhere at a particular time? possibly helped to identify criminals? spent some time in a different kind of cage?..... ‘was punished along with its owner? ‘was arrested at the crime scene by the police? Fill in: guilty, getaway, patrol, sentenced, caught, verdict, attempted, checkpoint, breaking into. The police set up a and the criminals before they left the country. The robbers made their through the back door. Police officers the streets at night. The jury took three hours to reach a The man _ to steal the purse. The jury found him .. and - _ him to six months in prison The thief was caught the building.A, Choose the correct word. Check in your dictionaries. 1. Dogs build/make strong relationships with their owners. 2 The robbers made/did a quick getaway through the window. 3 Parrots ery/squawk loudly. 4 They managed to discover/trace the burglars from the fingerprints they found on the door 5 Police build/set up a checkpoint in an effort to find the robbers. 6 He was very hungry so he munched/crunched an apple and some sandwiches. 5 Find words/phrases in the text which mean: Text A: unlucky, proved to be, entered by force, tried, escape, guarding, find Text B: penalty, said “n0", give his opinion Text C: by mistake, charged, official survey, be present, gradually What part of speech is each? G _ Inpairs write six T/F sentences based on the texts. Swap with your partner and mark your partner's statements T (true) or F (false). Jack owns a pet shop. F Jack is a parrot. 7 [BENT wich story aid you find most amusing? Why? In three minutes write a few sentences. Tell the class. ” see RI Grammar “cai x. Reported speech (statements, orders/commands & questions) & Find examples of reported speech in the text. Change them into direct speech. What special introductory verbs have been used to introduce the reported sentences? Special introductory verbs We can use a variety of other verbs to report a person's words e.g. promise, offer, remind, agree, wom, explain, refuse "There's so much raft,“ Ann soid. Ann complained that there wos so much graft I hep,” Steve said. Steve offered to hep “a The thieves took my new smartphone," said Tracey. Tracey said that the thieves ... "You're staying in prison tonight,” the judge said. “Put your hands up!” the policeman told the man. “The jury will reach a verdict," the lawyer said. “Don't park in front of the gates!" he said. “I locked the back door before I left,” Ann said “My dog Paddy is a good guard dog," said Mike. “How much did the robbers steal”, Fran asked “Did the vandals cause damage?", Andy asked. “What time did the fire start?”, Frank asked “Can you phone the police?", Jane asked. “Has the murderer been caught yet?", Sam asked. Report the sentences. 410) Use the verbs in brackets to report the 10 11 sentences. “Please, please let me go,” Ricky said. (BEGGED) "You broke into Harper's house,” she said to the man. (ACCUSED) “ll tell the truth,” he said. (PROMISED) “Don't forget to call the police,” Ann said to me. (REMINDED) “rm somy I stole your wallet,” she said (APOLOGISED) “I didn’t take your camera," he said. (DENIED) “Let's talk to a lawyer,” he said. (SUGGESTED) “Don't go near this area,” he said. (WARNED) “I took the passport,” he said. (ADMITTED) “Leave or I'll call the police," he said. (THREATENED) Speaking & Writing a) ETI imagine you are the owner of the pet in the first story in the text. Your partner is a radio presenter. Prepare questions and answers and write a short interview. Read it to the class. b) Imagine you heard the interview on the radio. Report it to your friend using reported speech. The presenter asked why the thieves had broken into the pet shop. The owner said that 107CBD Skills Vocabulary Problems in the community 4 a)? Listen and say. Which of these problems does your community have? Tell your partner. preney lack of green spaces joles in pavements & roads In my community there's litter in the streets and parks. b) What could the council do about these problems? Use ideas from the list and/or your own ideas and tell the class. + install more litter bins * build parks on waste ground * start Neighbourhood Watch schemes * collect rubbish more often * put speed bumps on roads * organise clean-up days + make repairs + improve public transport If a community has high crime rates, the council 1 ogtl4 start Neighbourhood Watch schemes. . Listening 2) You will hear Sam talking about a Neighbourhood Watch scheme. For each question, choose the correct answer A, B or C. 1 Sam started the scheme because ... A he had recently been burgled. B his son asked him to C the police suggested it to him, 2 The main aim of Neighbourhood Watch is to ... A prevent crime before it happens B catch criminals when the police aren't around. patrol the streets of a neighbourhood. 3. Since Sam started Neighbourhood Watch, ... ‘A other schemes have been started in different areas. B the council have agreed to improve street lighting, C there isn’t as much crime in the area. 4. The first meeting is often held ... A ina public place in the neighbourhood. B at the local police station. € at the home of a group member. 5. Finally, Sam suggests that the police... A should encourage more similar schemes. B can do a better job if the community helps. € aren't doing a good enough job. Commenting Use the prompts to act out exchanges. 1 tripped - hole in the pavement - sprained ankle 2 got stuck - traffic jam on the high street - an hour 3. car—was broken into - stole my CD player 4. someone - sprayed graffiti - wall of our house Commenting * Oh no! That's terrible! You're joking! How awful ‘What a nightmare! « That's been happening a lot recently, Something should be done! ‘A: What happened? B: | tripped because of a hole in the pavement and sprained my ankle this morning. A: Oh no! That's terrible!A letter to the editor making suggestions A letter to the editor is a formal piece of writing about a matter of public interest often written in | response to a report in a newspaper. ‘+ We start the letter with Dear Sir/Madam and end with Yours Faithfully followed by our full name. The first paragraph contains our reason for writing as well as our opinion The second and third paragraphs contain our suggestions and the possible results/consequences. ‘The fourth paragraph includes a summary of our opinion or a restatement of it in different words. We use appropriate linkers to join ideas: | To state our opinion: In my opinion, ... ; | (strongly) believe that/agree/disagree with ... ; | am (totally) opposed to/in favour of ... ; | think this is a marvellous/terrible idea [| To list points: To start with, First of all/Firstly, | | What is more, in addition, Furthermore | To express consequences/results: In this way, As a result, Consequently To conclude: in summary, To sum up, In conclusion, Allin All 41 Read the extract. What is it about? Malton Daily (xu59 After years of complaints from residents, the local council has finally decided to renovate the abandoned factory on Willis Lane and the large area around it. The factory needs extensive repair, but the council now hopes to turn it into something that can be enjoyed by local residents. — eee Now read Thomas’ letter. What is its purpose? Which paragraph(s) contain(s): Thomas’ suggestions & results? his opinion? his reason for writing? Read again and replace the linking words in bold with alternatives from the Writing Tip. re Writing © Dear Sir/Madam, © Lam writing in response to the article in the Malton Daily on the 11th May about the council's decision to renovate the factory on Willis Lane and the area around it, In my opinion, this is a marvellous idea and | have Some suggestions about what the council could do with the site. >> Firstly, although it needs a lot of work, the factory would be great as a youth centre. A youth centre would provide young people with a place to get together and take part in different activities. AS a result, they would be off the streets in a safe place doing something enjoyable. ©» Furthermore, the waste ground around the factory could be tured into attractive parkland. It could have trees, benches and sports facilities such as a football pitch and a basketball court. Consequently, members of the community of all ages ‘would have somewhere pleasant to relax, play sport and come together. This would brighten up the area and contribute to a sense of community spirit. > Allin all, I strongly agree with the decision to renovate the factory and believe that the council should turn it into a ‘youth centre and parkland. I hope my suggestions will be taken ino consideration. ‘Yours faithfully, Thomas Alden a) ) Read the rubric, then listen to a man talking on a radio programme about the issue, Make notes on his suggestions. 1 You read’a rep ' about a recent increase in vandalism and graffiti! {on the high street. Write a letter to the editor | ' making suggestions about what the police & ! ! (150-200 words). b) Use your notes and the plan to write your letter. Para 1: reason for writing/opinion (I'm writing in response to., In my opinion ..) Para 2: suggestion 1 & results/consequences (Firstly ., AS a result...) Para 3: suggestion 2 & results/consequences (Furthermore, ... Consequently.) Para 4: summary/restatement of opinion (Alt in all... | think ., hope my suggestions wil be thought of .) "(8) Writing Bank 6 p. wee) 109Citizenship ‘Amnesty International cf fights for human rights across the world andi AMNESTY eee pe out shocking salistcs lke these. ee ai In 1961, British lawyer Peter Benenson heard the story WTERNATIONAL LF ESR rn abo a 8 gictator for drinking a toast to freedom. Benenson wrote @ newspaper article caling for a campaign 10 protest against people imprisoned all ver the word because of ther beliefs vwspaper soon stated a year-long campaign. In July T fetnesmec founded Amnesty Intemational. Later that Fee UCR oa,” on 1th December, Hunan Rights Day, the very a reg eet Amnesty candle, wrich symbolises hope, was itn London. Saree aero a arming dxaes, te orgaiaion gev a 2 and by 1970, ithad helped gain the release of 2,000 prisonets @f conscience. In 1978, Amnesty won the Nobel Peace Prize for ‘outstanding contributions in the field of human rights yw has more than 3 million members 150 countries. They carry out their impaigns in a variety of ways; they organise concerts to raise aaa they talk _ victims, publish reports, and inform the ret about human rights abuses. From the beginning, though, it's their letter-writing campaigns that have been one of the most imporiant parts of their work. They encourage thei embers to send short, polite letters to goverwments when someone's rights are being abused. Apt from continuing to fight for the freedom of prisoners of conscience, some of Armnesty’s other projets include fighting ‘against the use of child soldiers in war-om counties and improving ving conditions for peope living in extreme paver ‘Amnesty never stops trying to make the world a faiter place is an international organisation which '5 working hard to oor Se mene nee a pea RCC un lifestyle) in 30% of all countries. ‘Amnesty Intemational no ‘and supporters in about candle, curse, race, have the right, unfair, trial, human rights, wipe out, (be) imprisoned, dictator, drink a toast, : ; impaign, release, outstanding contribution, raise think the logo symbolises? Se ae support, human rights abuse, soldier, war-torn, pove ‘\) Listen, read and check. PS ss oe What is Amnesty International? What is the aim of this organisation? What do you Make notes on the text under the headings. 2. Read again and complete the sentences. i Then use your notes to give your partner a 1 The main aim of Amnesty International is to short summary of the text. fight for people's seu. 2 twas all started by in Winn “oly 3 By 1970, see were no longer action Amnesty International takes / in prison because of Amnesty’s work, 4 The main way that Amnesty campaigns is 5 through 5. Amnesty International also fights ICT] Find out some more facts about Amnesty International. Present them to the class. 6 EST intthree minutes write a few reasons why someone should join Amnesty International. Tell your partner. Draw a picture to prepare a poster for Amnesty International. 3, Match the words in bold with their meanings: a leader of a country with complete power, got started, excellent, 110 _ destroy, denied.Phrasal verbs/Preposi 4 Choose the correct particle. Tun away: escape run out (of): use all of sth run into: meet by accident set off: start a journey, firework, etc. ‘set up: arrange sth; start a business, organisation, etc. __|wear off: no longer have an effect, gradually disappear 'wear out: become thin or weak & unable to be used lany more 'work on: study, research or develop sth ‘work out: 1) take some exercise, 2) solve sth 1. We've just set off/up a Neighbourhood Watch scheme in our neighbourhood. 2 Expert hackers can work out/on a password very easily Iran into/out John on the high street today. 4 I need a new pair of jeans - my old ones have nearly worn offfout. 5 Ann works on/out for an hour every day at the gym. 6 The boy threw a stone at the window and then ran away/into. 2. Choose the correct preposition. 1 Crime in the city is increasing at/to an alarming rate. 2 The hacker got the password for/in record time. 3 I've replaced my old password with/for a more difficult one. 4 Martin Luther King's protests resulted to/in a ban on black and white segregation. 5 The robbers will appear to/in court tomorrow. write a quiz of your own. Banksy is a guerrilla gardener. Forensic scientists usually solve crimes very fast. allowed to sit at the front of buses. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Read through Module 6 and African Americans didn’t use to be ci Language in Use ©) Word formation Fill in the sentences with the correct word derived from the word in brackets. (Word Formation - Prefixes ) | Prefixes are added at the beginning of words to make new | words. We use: re- (= again) (rit ~ revit), super (bighmore) (rarket- supermarket), mult- = mary) (vitamins - multvitais), | 100 much) (eat - overeat, under (= not enough) (vale | fore) (book ~prebook) to make new | over. ~ undervalue) and pre Lwords using prefixes, 1 The .. company had its website hacked into. (NATIONAL) 2 Foxton council wants to a . the city centre to make ita car free area. (DESIGN) 3 The river... s and flooded the nearby village. (FLOW) 4 We shouldn't .. coos non-violent protest - it can achieve a lot. (ESTIMATE) 5 Ken wanted t0 oencconnssnn his electricity bill before going on holiday. (PAY) 6 Batman isa eee WhO fights crime by night. (HERO) Collocations 4. Fillin: robbery, power, computer, traffic, community, theft, hard, online, raise, open. identity noone | 7 t0 armed . support .» Stations 8 to... .. accounts: an attachment. re system 9 . jam seesseeee SERVICE 10 drive Martin Luther King Day isin January. Crackers break into computer systems Human Rights Day is on 1st December. .... ‘A donkey in Egypt was sentenced to one day in prison. ae 8 Graffiti knitting was started in Germany. ... 4 5 6 7Reading a) Read the rubric, then the information about the people. Underline the key words. | The people below want to do some voluntary 1 ‘work in the community. Read the information about them, then read the descriptions of | eight community projects. Decide which community project would be the most ! suitable for the following people. For each | jrite the correct letter A- Oliver is 16 years old and would like to do something with people his own age. He would prefer to do something at the weekend because he has a part-time job during the week. © do-t-ourselves, or DIO, is an organisation of professionals who renovate neglected and abandoned buildings so that they can be used by the community. Volunteers must have some ‘experience in the building industyy and be prepared to work on projects for a long time. © community click needs outgoing and patient volunteers. It focuses on older members of the community who are using computers for the first time, Members of the group visit homes to check Internet security and inform residents about cybercrime. © Street by Street started four years ago and is very popular with teenagers. Teams of volunteers get together on a Saturday or a Sunday to clean up areas of the city ruined by rubbish. The project provides bags to collect all the litter and paint to cover up graft. © Toke it Easy! is a group of concemed citizens Poppy is a nurse at the local hospital. Some weeks she works the day shift and other weeks she ‘works the night shift. She would prefer to do some charity work from home, but doesn’t mind helping elsewhere if necessary. who want the government to reduce the speed limit, ban cars in some areas of the city and improve public transport. They have a webpage on the Internet and often gather to protest about new road-building schemes. © 09 Tired is for people who have dogs, but can't get out and exercise them. Volunteers take the dogs for walks in the park and must be available {for a shor time every day. Its a great way to help dog in need and lose some calories yourself! F) Child's Play makes the city greener by planting trees and flowers. Their aim is to take abandoned areas and turn them into parks which parents and Jack has just retired from his job as an architect. He's not looking forward to spending time at home and would like to be able to use his knowledge to do something important for the community. Emily has a job helping customers who have problems in an Internet café during the day and at weekends. Everyone says she is very friendly and loves talking to people of all ages. [4 their children can enjoy. This isa long-term project as areas may take weeks or months to finish. ) Helping Hands is a project that supports the older members of the community. Many of them cannot get out of the house and need volunteers to go shopping for them. Volunteers visit during the day, helping out with the chores or just having a friendly chat. @© olf the street provides free meals and clean Nathan works as a gardener and would like to be able to use his skills to help people. He has a three-month-old son so he is interested in projects that improve family life. clothes for the homeless in the city centre. The project wants volunteers who can wash and iron old clothes at home during the day. It is also looking for people who can help with preparing food and washing dishes in the evenings.3 Listening 2 4? You will hear five people talking about. crime. Match the speakers (1-5) to the statements (A-F). Use each statement once. There is one extra statement. ‘A. The speaker was a victim of cybercrime. B The speaker feels that punishment should be more severe. C Someone burgled the speaker's house. D The speaker thinks there are not enough police. E The speaker thinks the police do a great job. F The speaker is afraid at night. i 2a) eee) Speaking a) Read the rubric, then do the task. i The local council has decided to” build: { something for the community on the ste of | an old factory. Look at the pictures below and | ' discuss what could be built on the site and ! | how it would benefit the community. Then | | decide what would be the best use ofthe ste b) 4) Listen to a pair doing the task. What do they decide on? Why? Word formation 4. Read the text and complete the gaps with the words derived from the words in brackets. eS We've all seen heroes from 1) . (ACT) films fight off gangs of bad guys, and many of us have seen similar acts of 2)... (BRAVE) in the real world, But the story of 70- year-old Ann Timson is one of a kind! One aftemoon Mrs Timson was in Northampton town centre with a friend. Suddenly, she saw six men trying to break into a jewellery shop. Mrs Timson, wearing a long red coat (although a long red Superman cape might have been more 3) (SUIT), ran towards the criminals and stated hitting them with her handbag. ‘The men tried to escape on their scooters but Mrs ‘Timson managed to hit one of them so hard that he fell to the ground, Other bystanders 4) e (EVENT) ran to help. Due to Mrs Timson’s 5) . (HERO) courage, the ‘men were arrested and nothing was stolen, Writing (an essay making suggestions - Writing Bank p. WB6) 5 Read the rubric. Listen to two people discussing the topic and make notes of their suggestions and possible results. Use your notes to write your essay. ! Write an essay in which you present your | suggestions and possible results (120-180 words6 Revision dangerous, evidence, brighten up, rights, arrested, speeding, lawyer, fake, protest, private detective. 1. The robber refused to answer the policeman's questions until his... sone aftived. 2 Amnesty International fights for people's human 3 Jane got a fine for ... on the motorway. 4. The policeman ... the graffiti artist and took him to the police station. 5 The council have been planting a lot of flowers to try to .. the town. 6 John has hired a(n) .. to find out where his brother is. 7 He was sentenced to two years in prison for .. driving. 8 Forensic scientists analyse .. found at a crime scene such as blood, hair and saliva. 9 There's going to be a .. .. against unemployment on Station Street at 3 pm. 10 The shop assistant told Tim that he couldn't accept the £20 note as it was .. 10x2=20 marks 2. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. 1) Martin Luther King (assassinate) on 4th April, 1968. 2 Anelectron microscope .......... . ». (use) to examine things the eye can't see. 3. Inthe future, crime ... (fight) in different ways. 4 Your laptop .. (can/protect) with antivirus software 5 Unfortunately, the bank robbers... (not catch) yet. 5x2=10 marks 3 Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech. 1. “The mugger was sentenced to six months in prison,” said Alex. 2. "Step out of your car,” the policeman ordered the driver. 3. “Is there a Wi-Fi hotspot nearby?” Beth asked me. 4. “Everyone has the right to freedom of speech,” said the protester. 5. “Did anyone disturb the evidence?” asked the forensic scientist. 5x2=10 marks 114 4 Match the exchanges. oi Thank you for your time. wi Is there anything else you can tell us? {3]_] What happened next? 4 ] My car has just been broken into! [51] can you tell me what you saw? A mone Te ac talk and write about street art — talk and write about jobs related to crime — sive a witnes statement ix talk and write about cybercrime — report what people said = talk about neighbourhood problems el write a letter to the editor —i GOOD / VERYGOOD // EXCELLENT V/V The thieves drove away. You're joking? How awful! | don’t think so. ‘Two men were mugging another man. You're welcome. 5x4=20 marks Rewrite the sentences using the causative. John’s car was stolen last night. Jane will put a new lock on the door tomorrow. A thief is picking that man’s pocket! Burglars broke into our house. Someone has vandalised the mayor's statue. 5x4=20 marks You recently read a newspaper article about not having enough green spaces in your town, Write a letter to the editor giving suggestions about what could be done to improve the situation (150-200 words). 20 marks Total: 100 marksUse the words to complete the jobs (1-18). * artist + trainer + controller + expert * chaser * person * walker + officer « director * designer * decorator * assistant “operator * driver * worker 1 dog © attendant * counsellor * tester 5 flight | graphic 6 bomb disposal 11. personal 3 delivery ... 12 crane 15. storm . 16 interior 17 social .. 18 video game Choose the correct word. I'm sure that working as a gardener is a pleasant way to earn/win a living. Sue decided to apply/ask for the position of shop assistant. The company teachesitrains all its new employees, They are thinking of promoting/advancing him to manager. Why do you want to transport/transfer him to another department? They fired/set off Mike after he spoke rudely to his boss, After Sally was made redundant/unemployed at work, she opened her own business. They took/offered Dan the job once they saw his wv. VBIVocabulary Bank 1 3a) Match the descriptions to the jobs. ‘Apperson who looks after a large building, school or block of flats. This person makes men’s clothes. This person can cut, style, colour and even curl your hair. This person works underground and extracts substances like gold caretaker and coal. A scientist who studies all living things. This person works in an office, types letters, answers phone calls and arranges meetings. A person in charge of a collection of books. This person examines and treats people's teeth and gums. A person who hosts or introduces a programme on TV. person studies the Earth's atmosphere and predicts the hairdresser biologist meteorologist oaa> dentist artist librarian 7 2 3 a 5] _| TV presenter 6 7 8 9 tailor =o T0|_ secretary weather. ner K Apperson who paints or draws pictures, or creates sculptures for a cashier living, L_A doctor who operates on a patient. a MA person in a bank or a shop who receives or pays out money. agen N Someone who is trained to save people from drowning in the sea or swimming pool. lifeguard b) Which of these jobs: need a university 5 Fillin: perks, bonus, 9-5, qualities, profession, degree?, are manual jobs?, are outdoor training, underpaid, opplication, jobs?, involve shifts?, are dangerous?, recommendation. offer high salaries?, involve contact with 11 The business made a profit this year and all the the public? Works pein! 2. Barry's father i a lawyet BY non 4 Choose the correct word. 3 need to include two letters of . from my old employers. 1. Tim's got a part-time/full-time job delivering ; ee erence aed wieen pizzas at the weekend. ae : 5 fts and just a 2. Gary's working overtime tonight because he's got Tonite Peotone omc Ober 6 What skils and personal .. 3. The loca swimming poo! has @ job career/vacancy 4 abla years’ experience/qualificati Tuarote a aletiey a ears’ ex ions : why! ite ). Seance saying why | wanted the job. 8 Holly works harder than everyone else, but she's stil. ‘A company car is one of the of Emily's new job 5 My company pays my wages/salary into my bank ‘account every month. 5Sports 4 _ Use the words to complete the table in your notebooks. Each sport can match more than one category. swimming 5 rock climbing windsurfing 11 12 i snooker table tennis Lage | ice-skating water polo ice hockey hockey skiing boxing Ba | Choose the adjective that best completes each | sentence. ——t 1. Sailing offers peaceful/shallow moments when the sea is calm. Outdoor 2. One of the most popular competitive/relaxing sports in the ef world is football. Summer 3 It must be a boring/thrilling experience to go skydiving — 4. He enjoys doing brave/dangerous sports like rock climbing, Winter | 5 Agood game of squash is always careful/challenging, —..—— 6 Hiking could be tiring/fun if a person is not fit enough. Team 7 Surfing the waves is very fearless/exciting, —.. |B Playing hockey for an hour is gentle/exhausting Individual = 3 Complete the sentences about you and sports. Water E - 1 Mike svneenes BECAUSE cra Itand 2 I don't really like ee because Air 3. I prefer saeto, ao a because | find .... met Extreme 4 Ihate snes BECAUSE L | sai SV eM|OY ernernnens BECAUSE ve VB3VB4 Vocabulary Bank y 1 eVausuns The Internet a) Match the words to form new words/ phrases. software name network account engine b) Complete the sentences with words/ Phrases from Ex. 1a. Internet users need to have to protect their computers. My . . is penguin_7, which isn’t my real name of course. Jenny doesn’t have a(n) ... = so | can’t send her the information she needs. Google has been the most popular .. since 2010 and 91% of al Internet users prefer it Twitter is a very popular .. a for people to send and read short messages a) Match the addresses. Use the key to read them. http://twitter.com/ladygaga 1 2 http://www.englishgrammar.com 3] _] peter_allen17@yahoo.uk A. email address B social networking site C web page/website Key: . dot, / slash, @ at, _ underscore, : colon b) Do you know what these abbreviations stand for? Complete the phrases. Faq frequently asked AWs Aswe .. AFAICT As far as ican AFC away from AIR ASI... ASAP As soon a... TL Talk to you F2F Face to Fill in: website, link, password, blog, profile, hardware, forum, server. The central computer from which other computers get information is called a 8 You shouldn't tell anyone what your .. is iA -. is an online discussion site where a large group of people can exchange ideas on many topics. The parts you can actually see and touch on your computer are the f Can you recommend a . that has information | could use for my science project? The university's homepage contains a which takes you to the library webpage. Jack has a lot of information about himself on his Facebook .. My friend has a about his travels. and writes Fill in: access, hack, browse, download, upload, scan, crash, go online. A thief tried to into the bank's system and steal creditcard numbers A website can suddenly... when ‘too many people want to use it een You need a password to .... your email account. Mary took photos of her baby and she will them to her PC and share them with her friends and family. Ifyou go to this website you can .. antivirus software for free. Tom likes to his free time. My friend and | live in different cities so we every night and chat. . these pages so that we have them in digital form. . the Internet in Answer the questions. How often do you go online and for how long? ‘What websites do you usually visit? Do you use social networking sites? Why/Why not?Vocabulary Bank y) Types of books | Match the types of books to the extracts. 1] | crime thriller | [5|_| adventure 2|_| non-fiction 6] | romance 3|_] biography 7T_] science fiction 4]_| horror 8] | fantasy A. Born in a tiny Welsh village in 1853, no-one expected Danny Wells to become the most important inventor of hs time, |B) When the fairy appeared before Alice, the little gir was crying. “Why are you crying Alice?” asked the fairy. “How do you know my name?” Alice replied. LO | C Climbing to the top of the bridge was the only way to escape without being seen. Jonathan tried not to think about what might happen if he didn’t succeed. 'D| This is a complete guide to recycling at school, There are many helpful tips and ideas to make recycling fur pstmt ‘| The thief had escaped once again leaving no fingerprints. This Was the second robbery in a week. LF | In deep space, Planet Oron is at war with Planet Nordid. The Galactic Government is sending spaceships to that far corer of the universe. G Trevor said to Annie, “I'm glad you gor rome before I left. I wanted to say goodbye to you.” “When will you be back?” Annie asked, “I won't be back,” said Trevor with tarsin his eyes, “H) Jean had never felt so scared in her life. “What was that thing chasing her? It was a kind of monster. Where did it come from? » terrible crime. | won't tell you any more, because | eres 2. Fillin: set in, written, plot, twist, chapter, character. This crime thriller was 4) .. by a young author, Andrew Watts. It’s his first book and already it has become a bestseller. From the first sag you will find the 3) zi EFipping. It is 4) . the city of Rome. The main 8) is a man who has lost his ‘memory. The police suspect he has committed a don’t want to spoil the 6) Highly recommended! . in the story. 3. Fillin with: a bore to read, an unexpected twist, a waste of time, a dull story, you'll love it. A] the Attic Light is James Boyd's new book. 1). 11 couldn't put it down. The best thing about the story is 2) ... which makes it very interesting. B] | used to like Mike Jameson's books. However, his last book is 3) .. Ihave never read such 4) in my lifel Don’t buy it because it’s 5) . and money! Music 4 Use words from the boxes to complete the sentences about your taste in music. reggae POP jazz loud happy fast dance 979° hiphop enthusiastic tively slow aggressive emotional techno punk metal heavy metal rock ‘n’ roll boring classical music R&B (rhythm and blues) monotonous powerful . because it’s susneee because it's .. because it's isn't really my cup of tea. Hove .. I like “Ican't stand .. VB5VB6 The weather 4 a) Choose the correct word. 5 hurricane/tornado 3. blizzard/ thunderstorm b) Which of these weather conditions are common/rare in your country? 2. Fillin: temperatures, cold, overcast, boiling, lightning, clear, winds, heavy. 1. We have to light a big fire; it’s going to be freezing . tonight. 2. Whenever there is thunder and our cat hides under the bed 3 Global warming is already causing more extreme worldwide 4 It’s only spring and it's already nnn hot; | wonder what summer will be like 5 Ona. . day in Gibraltar, you can see all the way across to Africa. ee _ skies make me gloomy. 7 Close all the shutters! We're expecting high this afternoon. .. douds! 8 Look at those... . It’s going to start pouring soon. 3 Complete the sentences with the verbs: set, pour, blow, drop, reach, wipe, gather, rise. 1. The temperature will a high of 19°C. 2 The rising water level could .. out many coastal villages. 3. The sun will . at 6:54 pm this evening. 4 Theard it's going to... with rain all afternoon. 5. Strong winds will ‘a from the Atlantic later today. 6 Thesun will... 5:58 am tomorrow morning. 7 They're expecting the temperature to ..... by 5°C at the weekend. 8 Clouds will : over the mountains bringing rain by the early afternoon. at exactlyThe environment Which of these environmental problems can you see in the pictures? * burning fossil fuels * ing sea levels * overflowing landfill sites * industrial waste + exhaust fumes * acid rain + deforestation + destruction of the ozone layer * overfishing + extreme weather * water shortage * cil spills + noise pollution * global warming Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the list. become * add rise © use * vanish » cut lose * reduce * melt » starve Sea levels could another 3 feet within 100 years. The polar ice caps a at an alarming rate due to global warming Pollution from power plants... to poor air quality If sea levels continue to rise, many animals .. their natural habitats. Scientists predict that alt of animals. ... extinct in the next 50 years We have to reduce the amount of trees we ... down, Some islands . under the waves already. Polar bears... becomes harder to find. If we want to help this planet, we all have to . our carbon footprint. We can make a difference if we .. less energy. as food Fill in: conserving, turn off, toke, public, recycle, throwing, reduce, save, insulate, 3 4 CT TTT aa Global warming is turning up the heat and we are starting to feel it. So what can we do? If we make a ne Ceo ae ara Peet eee Always 1)... leaving a room. irene ater and 3) shorter showers. Leave the car at home and take 4)... transport. 5) as. much rubbish as possible instead of 6) . away. aie ‘our homes to keep them warmer and cooler in summer, ee energy and cutting bills at the same time, 9) «. the use of aerosols which destroy the ozone layer. the lights when in winter b)_ Which of these do you do to help protect the environment? VB7Sports & Equipment 1 a) Label the pictures with words from the list. + mask « life jacket * bicycle * oars * snorkel * bow * helmet * poles * flippers raft « skates © racquet * kit + wetsuit + target + skis * arrows ball « puck «stick ©net + gloves + boots « football 1_life jacket b) Which of these sports do we: go? do? play? VB82 Match the sports in Ex. 1a to the descriptions, In this sport... 1. you need good balance and must always keep your eyes on the road or path ahead. 2 you need to be flexible, and have strong arms and legs to keep your balance on the hill. 3 you need to be in control in difficult conditions. if you aren't, you might fall in 4 you need to have lots of stamina and be able to kick 5 you need steady hands and a good eye to be able to hit your target. 6 you need to turn quickly and shoot without losing your balance on the slippery surface. 7 you need to run across the court to hit the ball with strength and accuracy. 8 you don’t need to use your hands to move in the water; just let your legs do all the work. break, hold, beat, score, points, take. 1. The Chicago Bulls. ca the record for the most wins in an NBA season. 2 You should check your fitness with a doctor before you .... up a new sport. 3. Samis hoping to .. the record in his next marathon. 4 Anna . me three times at chess yesterday. 5 Our team lost 12 ..... in the last ten minutes. 6 Danny will keep the ... we play. w. While Camping equipment 4 Label the items with: tent, rucksack, penknife, first aid kit, insect repellent, matches, compass, map, rope, sleeping bag, sunscreen. VB9Vocabulary Bank 4 1 VB10 Health a) Complete the spidergrams with words/ phrases from the list. eye © sick * ear * wrist dizzy * ankle * a bad back + skin « insomnia + depression b) Complete the gaps with phrases from Ex. 1a in the correct form. Eva's got a(n) non her arm thats realy red and itchy. People who «find it hard to enjoy anything. A(n) is very painful, but rarely ‘causes hearing loss. HEYOU rn . you should either sit or lie down. I can't walk for a few days because of my... Steve ate too much junk food at the party and Robby always looks tired because he .. She's wearing sunglasses because she has a(n) MY vee me to write. Don't lift heavy weights if you ..... .1 made it impossible for 2 et aneuna Choose the correct word. The doctor gave Janet a recipe/prescription for some cough medicine. John had a(n) operation/surgery to improve his eyesight. Ihave a sore throat and it is very hurt/painful to swallow. This skin cream helps to disappear/remove acne scars. The athlete just broke his arm and he's in terrible pain/ache. Tom's eye is swollen and he should pour/use some eye drops. Don't itch/scratch the rash because it will get worse. How can | relieve/recover sunburn? This is a very deep cut and it will take time to cure/heal Idioms Fill in: fit, picture, back, white, weather, rain. Take this medicine and in a few days you'll feel as right as The injured man had lost a lot of blood and looked as ... ow a5 a sheet. Holly has recovered from the flu and now looks the ..- of health. Even though Grandad's 73, he's as as a fiddle Betty isn't coming to school today because she’s feeling a bit under the Jake had an operation last month but he is ... on his feet now. Circle the odd one out. pain - ache - illness germ - swelling - virus acne - infection - spots fever - wound - injury flu - cold ~ bruise cut - sneeze - cough pill - therapy - medicine bandage - plaster - remedyVocabulary Bank 4 5 a) Match the words to make phrases. 6 What is each person's problem? Match the pictures with the sentences. nose cough sickness throat eyes stomach temperature strain rash bone b) Fill in with the phrases from Ex. Sa. 1. Some people suffer from .. when they go on a trip 2. When | touch this kind of plant, I get a(n) .... 3 Ifyou have a(n) .. a doctor has to put it in plaster. 4. John, you feel warm. I'll get the thermometer and see if you've got a(n) .. 5. Agood way to prevent . isnot to watch TV in a dark room. 6 Katy ate a lot of pizza and now she’s got a(n) 1 Late far too much at Alex's birthday party. ae : 2 | stayed at the beach all day and didn’t use 7 The baby caught a cold and has a(n) sunscreen . f svn But nO fever. 3. I can't take it any more! I really must go to the 8 When you have a(n) . dentist's. . eating or drinking can be really painful. 4. I need another pack of tissues because I've got, 9 I've got (a). a runny nose. feels like a tickle in my throat. 5 I went for a walk in the park and now I can't, 10 Emma's not crying; she's just got .. stop sneezing. 7 6 | shouldn't have played video games for four hours without a break. Discuss these questions with a partner. 1. How can we prevent sunburn? 2. Have you ever been in hospital? What happened? 3 Do you think everyone should know first aid? Why/Why not? VB11VB12 Feelings 4a) Label the pictures with: exhausted, bored, confused, confident, depressed, furious, excited, surprised. b) Use the words from Ex. 1a to complete the sentences. 1. “I've got nothing to do. | feel really today.” 2 “I'm completely . Ineed a good night's sleep.” 3 “That exam was eay. I'M .oncnnnennen that I've passed.” 4 “Ididn’t expect that to happen to me! I'm very 5. “Idon’t know what to do next. I'm completely 6 “How dare you tell lies about me! I'm absolutely 7 “I'm so .... holiday to Italy!” 8 "I've just argued with my best friend. I'm very ve just won a Problems 2. Fillin: peer, difficult, welcome, advice, approve, similar, right, distance, fit, common. Agony Aunt a problem shared is a problem halved [A] Dear Agony Aunt, I've got a problem and I don't know what to do. My family just moved to a new city and I had to change schools, but I'm finding it 1) .o. to make new friends. My classmates keep their 2) and Ignore me all the time. When T ty to be It might be .. of the friendly, they just walk away. because they don't 3) clothes I wear. They all seem to dress differently from me. Should I buy some new clothes to 4). in? Can you help me? What should I do? Lonely Dear Lonely, Try not to worry too much. This is a 5) Ju problem when people change schools. First of all, don't try too hard. Everyone needs a little time to get to know someone else and this is true for both you and your classmates. Give it a couple of weeks and I think you'll find they'll get used to you and you'll feel more 6)... In the meantime, what about joining a school club? I's a great people who have De interests. Now about your clothes, don't change a thing! You have the 8)... sn tO choose your own style Dorit fall into the trap of 9) sem pressure. We should all respect each other even if we are different. I hope my 10)... helps to. meet wayStages in life 41 Label the pictures. ‘infant + toddler + child * teenager * adult * senior citizen Put these events in the correct chronological order. get married/start a family/go on honeymoon/ get engaged get a promotion/leave school/find a job/retire with a pension start primary school/go to kindergarten/go to high schooV/attend college apply for university/graduate with a degrees take a gap year/go to university Vocabulary Bank 5 3 a) Match the words to make phrases. grandchildren wedding abroad to the countryside your job on a career a business a wedding anniversary divorced a house b) Fill in the sentences with phrases from Ex. 3a in the correct form. Harry can't stand renting and wants to .. ww 85 500M as he can. Sarah's been so depressed since she sat the factory. Fran was a young grandparent and. sc when she was just fifty. They were martied for ten years before they -It's so sad. When you . to experience another culture in depth. The city was too much for John so he ... ee when he retired. They . this weekend. They've been married for five years now. Ineed some advice because I'm finding it really difficult to .. Dan's got a lot of courage to in this economic climate. Mum would love to but I'm not getting married yet! VB13Discuss these questions in class. Do you remember your first day at school? How did you feel? Was going to high school a major turning point in your life? Why? What was the most important event in your life? Why? A wedding Label the pictures. Use the words in the list. bride * groom * bridesmaid * best man + wedding dress * wedding ring * veil *bouguet + tuxedo Now describe the first photograph. Choose the correct word. The bride and her father entered the church and walked down the corridor/aisle. The film actress decided to have her marriage/ wedding on the beach. Jason was getting married the next day so he had a bachelor meeting/party. It is a custom in some countries for the couple to exchange vows/promises when they get married. After the wedding ceremony, all guests were invited to the reception/event. The bride’s parents paid for the tickets to Hawaii where they're going on their holiday/ honeymoon. The best man made/did a toast to the couple and wished them a happy life. If you catch the bouquet/bunch that the bride throws, it means you will be next to get married. Character Fill in: honest, hardworking, patient, ambitious, stubborn, optimistic, sensitive, sociable, modest, generous. Charlie top of his class because he is very nd studies a lot. Grandparents are usualy very with their grandchildren and give them lots of presents Our teacher is a very person and never gets angry with us. Although the scientist has a Nobel Prize, he is quite soon bOut his achievements. Kate is really and loves being with other people. He is so sw ve never heard him tll iin all the time I've known him. Betty is a very .. person and understands people's feelings and problems. [like Jason because he is .. : he always looks onthe bright side of things, My father isso... senveee When he makes up his mind about something he doesn’t change it. The young lawyer is very . and wants to go to the top of his profession,8 Match the opposites. 1] eee 20] neat eee 2 B pessimistic 3] | nice C messy {4] Joptimistic > demanding 5] | humble E nasty 6] _Jeasy-going *F_mean 7] hardworking © @""0gant 9 Write the opposites of these adjectives. Use un-, ime, it-, di 1 selfish # oc. 2 polite 3. honest # 4 responsible + sensitive + . tidy # reliable + Patient + trustworthy # 5. considerate # |) Match the characteristics (A-H) to the descriptions (1-8). A shy E arrogant B aggressive F considerate C reliable G easy-going D demanding H vain Angela's parents have taught her to be polite and think about others. 2] | Some people shout and become violent when they have an argument with others. 3]_] Who does he think he is? He thinks he is better than anyone else, Some children are spoilt and are always asking for things from their parents. Poor Ben! He always feels nervous when he meets new people. 5] _] John is a person you can always depend on. He will never let you down, 7] _] David spends far too much time checking his hair and clothes in the mirror. My best friend is a person that gets along with anyone, Appearance 4 { Complete sentences 1-5 using words from the table. Eee tall, short, of average height Cee acter at cin neckccmme er? CW ASa men long, round, square, oval pale, dark, olive, fair mole, freckles, moustache, beard, glasses 1. This is Janet. She's six years old. She's got long black «nme hair and arse Skin, 2 TOM iS ren «He's of average height with short soos hal 3. Mike is. with short dark hair and a 4 Lisa is in her mid-twenties, She ehas= steve blonde hair, blue eyes and an a i face. “ 5 Mr Jones is my teacher. He wears and he's almost... s because he's lost a lot of hair. ‘12 Use the words in the table in Ex. 11 and describe your best friend. VB15Crime Match the newspaper headlines (1-8) to the types of crime (A-H). [AT] burglary [EL] shoplifting B] | arson fF smuggling c robbery [6] ] speeding D[_] vandalism [F[_] kidnapping ii Hollywood star arrested for driving his Porsche at 180 kmph! 2 Millionaire caught stealing clothes in department store 6 Thousands of exotie pets brought into the country illegally 7 __Atmed men steal £2 milion from bank f 8 House broken into while family on holiday \ 2 Complete the table. ae | burglary | _burgle 2) [vandalism | 3 eevee robbery = 4... oe se. |e set fire (to) 6 7 8 smuggling 9 kidnapper __kidnapping 10 VB16 Fill in: arrested, broke into, committed, broken, charged, stole, robbed, accused. The police him with murder and took him to prison. Thieves ... Oscar-winning actress Mary Stone at gunpoint last night. Dan's friends and family couldn’t believe he'd sone crime, Someone smashed my window in the car park and) tee, .. my bag. They waited until he left the shop and then , him for shoplifting. He wasn’t su Of anything because the police didn’t have enough evidence. Gary's an honest person who's never the law in his life. Thieves connor flat when she was out and stole cash and jewellery. The law Choose the correct words. The young man pleaded/begged not guilty to robbery, After a 3-month trial James was tried for/ convicted of arson. The judge examined/tested the evidence/proof against the accused man. The jury got/reached a verdict and the criminal was taken to prison. The court found/said the accused guilty. 6 Jack is going to witness/testify against his friend in courtijury. You have to swear/say to tel the truth in court. The thief was sentenced/charged to ten years in prison.5 Match the people (1-7) to the descriptions (A-6). 2_ defendant 1 jury 3. prison officer } 6 a) Match the words to make sentences, service sentence 5 witness |] The person who is accused of a crime. =] [>] ] The person who saw or knows things about acrime. L_] The person who represents the accused in court. {D]_] The group of people who have to give a verdict in court. [ET] The person who makes the decisions in court [F[_] This is a person who takes the defendant from their cell to the court room. [ST] this is the person who investigated the crime. robbery penalty station scene verdict 2 3 Loui o oO nore Ol al os 6 [7 ' case b) Fill in the sentences with phrases from Ex. 6a, 1 Most countries do not have the ...... - . .. and no prisoners are executed 2 The jury returned a 3. The thief was arrested and taken to the 4 Some citizens are asked to do gaa ina court, 5. The police are looking for evidence at the ... 6 There was a(n) ie at the jeweller's and a man was shot. 7 The murderer got a(n) af ‘ and will never come out of prison. B THIS nn ‘ was in the news for months. Cybercrime 7. Fill in: hacker, access, identity, piracy, spam, viruses. 1 Don't Ope arsine emails because they could harm your laptop, 2 Aln) ... snes BROKE iNtO OUF company's computer system. 3 The most common form of cybercrime is theft. 4 My laptop has a software program to protect against 5 YOU CAN't senses this account without the correct password. 6 Illegally downloading computer programs is software oo. vB17Formal letters/emails Formal lettersiemails are usually sent to people we don't know or people in an official position, e.g. when oppying for a jobfcouse ‘making 0 complaint or requesting information, ete, They include: + a formal greeting (Dear Siror Madar, Dear Me Smith), + an introduction with our opening remarks andthe reason for writing, ‘+ main body paragraphs, one for each separate topic, + conclusion with our closing remarks, + aformal ending (Yours fithfly, when you don't know the person's nome/Yours sincerely, when you know the person's name) + your fullname Formal style is characterised by: + formal expressions, advanced vocabulary & longer sentences (am cvaiable for an interew ot any tne convenient to yOu) + formal linking words (However, In ction) + full verb forms (om writing 0...) + se ofthe passive (con be contacted.) Teer Applying fora job/course * am writing to apply for the position of advertised in yesterday's ‘Evening Post). + With reference to your advertisement in + Thave been working as a... for the last years « Despite my lack of. experience, feel that! would be “1 consider myself to be (punctual hardworking, et) 1 enclose a reference from my previous ‘employer. + | would be grateful if you would consider my application. + Can you tell me the duration of the course? «Please send me a prospectus giving the course detail + Isit possible to enrol online? * | Took forward to hearing from you. Complaining “1am writing to draw your attention to Lam writing to express my strong dissatisfaction at the +1 am writing to complain about the quality of .. recently purchased from you. “The sales assistant was extremely rude and +I demand an immediate replacement ora full refund + Lwould appreciate it if .. could be replaced. * hope you will replace «hope that this matter will be deat with ‘You see an advert at your college in England for a part-time + | assistant in their children’s daycare centre. Write a letter of! + application (120-150 words) in which you: ! | «say where you saw the advert and why you are interested in | | the job, 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 ‘+ mention if you have previous experience and why you have a suitable personality for the job, + say how many hours @ week you can work and when you 1 can come fo 1 t + state your age and any suitable qualifications you have, ' 1 ' Dear Sir or Madam, Beolhejaiie | am writing to apply for the position| of part-time daycare centre assistant which was advertised on the college noticeboard. | am interested in this job since | enjoy working with children cha eG or lam twenty-one years of age and am currently studying Child Psychology. In addition, | have a good command of both written and spoken English. ates Despite not having any formal work experience in childcare, | have often done babysitting for neighbours friends. | feel | would be well suited for this position as | am enthusiastic, energetic and creative. | also consider ‘myself to be patient when dealing with young children. Tam available for work for up to 15 hours a week during the afternoons and would be glad to attend an interview at any time convenient to you. Look forward to hearing from you, ~ {0% expression Yours faithfully, —fo1»!cnsina Eva Kowal _—fu'l name } | | | full verb Hom longer me | | 4 Read the letter again and match the formal expressions in bold to the informal ones below. F f | I'm really good at k I'm sure I'd be great at this job | whenever is good for you Best wishes | just wanted to ask about Although I've never done anything quite like this before I'd love to have a go at } }Stories Stores can be written either inthe frst or the third-person and present a series of events real or imaginary. The events in the story should be writen in the order in which they happen. Stores include: + an introductory paragraph which sets the scone (describes the time, place, people cctinty, weather, ec), + main body paragraphs (describing incidents leadica up tothe main event, the main event itself andits climax), +2 conduding paragraph (escrbing whet fampensin te er, peal reactndelngs et) Stories ae characterised by: + the use of past tenses (he su wos shining Lrg when they set aut. She put on fer ca, opened the door and went ost. When he wote bua te bil, Mr Bonet was entarased to find hha forte tobng his wet) + linking words/phrases that convey time and sequence of events (ist fist, then reat, aftebefore thot, during, whie ‘meanutile, 08 soon as, the moment that, by the time, i the endfinly, etc + descriptive adjectvesiadverbs to. make the story more interesting (legant, peasant, breathtaking, fst, potey, softy, ete) + dlrect speech to make the story mere dramatic ("Whatereereyou dong?” she led) Starting a story/Setting the scene + Karen felt (existed) as she had been (studying hard for her exoms for six months) «The birds were singing happily when Tom woke up on Saturday. Leading up to the main event At frst, we didn't notice (anything strange), + The (party) had only just storied) when «The next thing (Tom) knew, (he Ws... “The main event/climax of the story «They started (screaming and shouting in pore. “Lfelt sure (the piane) was going to (cash). Describing people/places/objects/feelings «The old man behind the counter . «The streets of the small town were crowded ‘and busting during Carnival week. «= Small puffy white clouds drifted lazily above our heads. © To their (urprse/disgusthorto, ete)... «Imagine our (disappointment) when Ending a story «Ive never felt so (relevedscore, etc) in my whole life + He knew he would never again, “It was the most (embarrassing) moment I've lever experienced. Traveller's Rest by John Smith ao people _activy \\One weekend last autumn my cousin Jack and |/ went on\a | hiking trip in the countryside. We had planned to stay at a village hotel on Saturday night and return home on Sunday. ‘As we were walking late on Saturday afternoon, we realised ‘weather We had lost our way. It was getting dark and we were very sine. tted. Then|it started to rain and we started to feel desperate. “cequened\The next moment, we saw an old-fashioned stone cottage, so “Jvkcr We decided to stop and ask directions. A litle old lady came “oscrptivet® the door. She was wearing a long dress and smiling “overs sweetly. When she heard that we were lost, she invited us sinc: _iBSide. "You're welcome to stay the night,” she said. "You [yeas €aN reach the village easily in the morning.” We felt grateful F for her hospitality and sat down to a hot tasty meal in her } cosy kitchen. After that, she showed us upstairs to two clean | comfortable beds descriptive adjectives | The next morning, the old lady was nowhere to be found. We left a thank-you note and set off towards the village. We } stopped for a coffee at the village hotel. Imagine our ‘amazement when the hotel owner told us who we had stayed with, "That's old Mrs Heron,” he said. "She's been dead for sixty years. She used to put up travellers overnight.” Jack and Looked at each other in horror, Did we imagine it or hhad we seen a ghost? | suppose we will|never know. Practice people's reactionsealngs Put the events in the story in the order in which they happened. 1 They reached the hotel. ‘An old lady came to the door. They heard a scary story. The writer and his cousin were out hiking. They talked to the hotel owner. They stopped to ask the way. They went to bed =| (=) [5] [| [| [F] [9] [=] > They got lost. They ate a meal H She invited them to stay the night. P ik They saw a cottage. Underline all the time words and phrases in the story that show the sequence of events. Compare with your partner. WB2Writing Bank 3 Semi-formal letters/emails Semi-formal leterslemals ae usually sent to someone we know but not very wel, €.g. @ routine email to a busness/website asking for or giving information, a thank-you letter to your friend's parents, etc. They include: + a formal greeting (Dear Ms Cole, Deor Mr nd Ms Jackson), an introduction with your opening remarks and the reason for writing, main body paragraphs each containing a separate topic, a conclusion with your closing remarks, an informal ending (Best wishes/Kindest regards Yours, + your full name). Note: when we want to be brief and to the point, emails are usually preferred to letter. Semi-formal style is characterised by: + relaxed, friendly language (Thanks 50 ‘much for having me to stay with you) a polite and respectful tone, depending on the relationship you have with the person (i'm realy grateful for all your help.) some short verb forms (Im writing to enquire about tenis ssons in my orea.) full inclusion of pronouns (We'd be honey to answer your queries) some use of idiomsicolloquial expressions but use with care hope this information wil come in andy sometime} linking words/phrases for listing points (frst ofa, secondly, a0, finaly, etc. eerie Opening remarks ‘hope you are well. + I'm sorry I haven't been in touch sooner. + 1'm writing in connection with Thanking #1 can't thank you enough. +1 don't know how to thank you. + Lreally appreciate it Giving information +d be glad to answer your questions. * Another point to bear in mind (is that) + | would also like to point out ‘Asking for information +d like to (ast/enquire/know etc) * Could you please inform me + Will it be necessary to. Will need to «..? + Is there an extra charge for ..? * What kind of (equipment) is provided? Closing remarks * Many thanks (in advance) for + Ym looking forward to hearing from you. « Please give my regards to... * Lope you find this information helpful ‘ou want to book a camping holiday online. You have found a campsite you like, but you want some more information. Write ; an email to Bill Forbes of Golden Sun Campsite in which you ! ask about bringing a pet with you, + the cost of parking, what cooking facilities are available, which water sports are offered in the area. formal greeting | Dear Mr Forbes, I'm writing to enquire about staying at your campsite | this summer. Can you please give _me some further information? ~Spolite respectful ton short __Fitstly, I'd like to know about the cooking facilities. For ‘eb foi example, is there a shared kitchen for cooking and ifso, | will I need to bring any equipment? Also, could you tell me if there is an extra charge for car parking and iekve. whether | can bring my dog along to the campsite? Ist points Finally, your advert mentions the campsite is near the beach, but it doesn’t say which water sports are ‘ncusion available. 1 am particularly interested in doing or ae pronou—Windsurfing and would like to know if this is possible, telsed . Many thanks in advance for your help. friendly language YOUIS, informal ending ‘Aleksander Belinski_—" nome 4 Read the model below. Compare and contrast it with the model above. Why isn’t it appropriate? Think about: ‘layout * the way it starts/ends tone and style of language + use of pronouns/linking words Dear Bil Forbes, Just writing to ask about staying at your campsite this summer Unfortunately, quite a bit of information is missing from your website! ['d lke to know if there isa shared kitchen for cooking. If there is, I'l probably need to bring some equipment, won't 1? Do you charge extra for car parking? Furthermore, ore pets prohibited from the campsite? It’s great that you're just 0 stone's throw from the beach. However, your advert doesn’t say which water sports are available. | would particularly welcome the opportunity to experience windsurfing for the first time. Yours faithful, AleksanderEssays suggesting solutions to a problem Essays suggesting solutions to a problem are formal pices of writing in which a problem is introduced and suggestions are made on how to deal with it.The expected resut of each suggestion is mentioned, together with the ‘writer's opinion at the end ofthe essay. Essays suggesting solutions to a problem include: ‘+ an introductory paragraph stating the problem, + main body paragraphs (up to 3) each presenting a separate_suggestion, a supporting sentence to develop the idea of sive an example andthe possible results, ‘+ 3 concluding paragraph which restates the problem and summarises the writer's Essays suggesting solutions to a problem ‘are characterised by: + formalisemi-formal vocabulary and some longer sentences (these suggestions ae token ito consideration, 1am convince thot the problem wil be resolved) ‘© formal. linking words to join ideas (Moreover, Nevertheless, However et. 4+ full verb forms (Tere is no doubt that.) + a mild. impersonal style that avoids Calloquial expressions or strong personal feelings (Most people would agree stret (ter is unpleasant.) ere Listing points + Firstlyn the frst place, + Secondly, + Furthermore, + In addition, + Finally,/Lastly, Making suggestions + One way of solving the problem «Another helpful suggestion would be to. + WerPeople should + iis importante would be a good idea to Adding supporting details Developing a pont: + In other words,/in short, * This means that + Afterall, Giving example: + For instance /For example, + In particular, Presenting results + As result,» Consequently,» By doing this, «In this way, * Therefore, * Then, + If (peop). the tuction) wilavould.. Expressing opinion + In my opinionview, + Ibeleve/think/ee hat) + ieseems to melts obvious (that) Concluding * To conclude,/To sum up, «Alin all ' Your teacher wants her class to write about a problem that ! | affects your local community. You have chosen the topic of | litter on the streets. Write an essay (120-180 words) suggesting ' t 1 t ways that individuals can help to fight this problem and | mentioning the possible results. ' t Fight litter now! area [ Nowadays, litter on the streets is a common problem in {states many cities and towns. There is no doubt that it is an “problem + |-unpleasant and annoying sight. The question i, what can _possility of | we as individuals do about it? In fact, there are a number coving | of solutions. ‘st suggestion | own rubbish responsibly. In other words, we should all get supporting | into the habit of finding the nearest rubbish bin or taking sentence* | jt home with us for recycling. If everyone does this, the pora2 [inthe first place, we should make sure we dispose of our ~- streets will be much cleaner and tier. Secondly, don’t ignore litter that you see lying around ~ pick it up. It is important to set a good example for others. Then, when someone sees your concern for the environment, they will hopefully follow your example and do the same. Para3 [2nd suggestion [5 supporting Sentence + result | paag [PAS final idea, you can join or create a local liter group. “sy(sucgestion | You could not only get involved in litter picking but also “supporting | work with the local coundl to give talks in schools. As a sentence + | result, children will lear at an early age how important it peut is not to litter paras [ To sum up, it cannot be denied that street litter poses a restates problem in many neighbourhoods. tt is an ugly nuisance problem + | that will not go away unless we do something about it. | “giveswriters | believe we should do more as individuals to reduce the opinion abet =z Find and replace alll the linking words and phrases in the essay with different ones from the Useful Language box. 2. Find examples of formal vocabulary and mild impersonal style in the essay. Compare with your partner. 3 Write a supporting sentence and a sentence presenting results for the following suggestions. Use language from the Useful Language box. 1 One way of solving the problem of graffiti is for the council to provide a graffiti park. 2 People suffering from stress should take up yoga, WB4Euler ee) For-and-against essays Forand-against essays are formal pieces of iting which discuss the advantages. and disadvantages ofa topic. Arguments on both sides of the topic are presented in equal detail and the writer's opinion i included at the end of the essay. -and-against essays include: an introductory paragraph introducing the topic and its two sides, ‘two main body paragraphs - one presenting arguments for together with iustfications/examples and the other presenting acquments against with ustifiations/examples, a conduding paragraph which summarises the arguments and aves the writer’ opinion. Note: in for-and-against essays, each main body paragraph begins with atopic sentence that outlines the main idea ofthat paragraph For-and.against essays are characterised by: + formal/semi-formal vocabulary and some longer sentences (Although some people may dsgree, in my wew, the ‘advantages fo outweigh the disadvantages, formal linking words to join ideas (although, Whereas, For this reason, etc) full verb forms (it is well worth...) 2 mild impersonal style that avoids colloquial expressions or strong personal feelings (Renting « home is thought by some people t0 be 0 better solution than buying one) (eres Listing points “= Firstly,/To begin with, * Secondly, + Furthermore/Moreover, * Finally, Introducing advantages ‘© OnefAn important/The main advantage of... + Another/An additional benefit of. + Some/Many people are in favour of. Introducing disadvantages * A serious drawbackimajor disadvantage of + Some/Many people are against... Justifying points and giving examples Justifying point * This is because . ‘This means that Giving examples: ‘For instance,/For example, * such as Contrasting ideas + On the other hand, » However,/Nevertheless, * Despite/in spite of (the fact that). Expressing opinion ‘In my opinion/view, « I believe/think/feel ondluding In conclusion, » All things considered, «The reason for this is + Afterall, | Write an essay (200-250 words) for publication in a home-and- { garden magazine discussing the pros and cons of buying your ; 1 own home. ' To buy or not to buy? rom [Many young peopl today, especialy those planning to intone pic | get married, dream of owning their own home some sv eceatetre. | day. Some people would agree that home ownership is 2 good thing, while others believe it is not worth the two sides ‘rouble. topic sentence Para2 ‘There are certain advantages to having a home of your ‘stadvantage | ‘own, To begin with, it can be considered a good = justfiation | jnvestment. After all, you can sell it at any time and iE make a profit. Furthermore, home ownership 2nd advantage + example means you have greater freedom to please yourself. You can redecorate your house or keep a pet dog, for example, without having to ask the landlord, | ‘9 sentence However, buying a house can also have 2 “number of Para3 Ast disadvantage + [ustification disadvantages. One major drawback is the high cost. This is because you need a large amount of money as @ down payment before you can buy, in addition to the expense of maintaining and repairing your house. ee Secondly, a homeowner tends to be tied down to one 2 ntage + | Place. Tis means that you can't ust get up and move if SEMaLRR’ * | you do not like the neighbourhood, because you will have to sell your house first. summarises the arguments + gives the writer's opinion disadvantages to buying your own home, It seems to me, though, that it is a good idea if you can afford it. It is something that belongs to you and can give you security in the future. Para : things considered, there are both advantages and Find examples of longer sentences and formal/advanced vocabulary in the essay. Rewrite the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs of the model. Use phrases from the Useful Language box to help you. Write one additional advantage and one additional disadvantage of buying your own home, together with justifications/examples.Letters to the editor making suggestions Letters to the editor making suggestions are pieces of writing which appear in newspapers ‘or magazines. They express the writer's ideas concerning issues of public interest at local, national and even international levels, e.g improving community facilites, heath issues, etc. Letters to the editor are often written in direct response to a published article or news item and are usualy formal in style. They include: +a formal greeting (Dear Si/Madam, Dear itr, Sr), an introduction in which we refer to the attile/news item we are responding to (when applicable), say when and where we read it, state our reason for writing (to make suggestions on a given topic) and briefly give our opinion, at least two main body paragraphs, one for_each_sugaestion and the possible results/consequences, conclusion which summarises our opinionsrestates the topic, a formal ending (You's fothtull; + your full name) Letters to the editor making suggestions ate characterised by: + formal vocabulary & some longer sentences (i view of the widespreod extent of the problem, security systems should be upgraded frequently os a precaution) formal linking words to join ideas (Fartherore, Nevertls, Forth son etc the use of full verb forms (ts important that we rise public awareness ofthis ss) a mild impersonal. style that avoids colloquial expressions or strong personal feelings (Another point to keepin mind is that security ystems need regular updating) Usting points + Fistlyin the fist pace + To begin with, + Secontly,» Additionally,» Fialy/asty, Making suggestions * One good idea is to . + We/You/People should/could * Another helpful suggestion would be to Presenting results + By doing this, In this way, » Therefore, HF (peopl). the (sittin) wilwould Expressing opinion * Ibeliverthinkee (that) * seems to meftis clear that). Concluding *To sum up, = All things considered, Writin ' You have just read an article in your local newspaper The Daily | Chronicle about people who have had their computers hacked. ; Bank 6 | Write a letter in response, suggesting ways that you can, | protect yourself (120-180 words). Dear Sir/Madam, _{0""=! greeting Further to your article in today's issue of The Daily Chronicle about cyber hacking, | would like to express my concern about this issue. Most of us are familiar with firewall and anti-virus protection. However, there are one or two other suggestions which I|hope readers may find helpful. formal inking word First of all, it is important for PC users to keep their security programs up-to-date. You should upgrade them frequently and regularly to ensure you have the latest versions of security software. These are often free over the Internet. As a result, your chances of being hacked will be reduced. ‘Another point to keep in mind is to change your personal password from time to time. Do this regularly, say, every 90 days, to keep your PC access secure, Consequently, /ou will make it more difficult for hackers to break into Your account, full verb form To conclude, cyber hacking can pose a serious security threat to information systems. Nevertheless, | believe a few simple suggestions like the ones above can considerably reduce our risk of a cyber attack, Yours faithfully, Edwina Goodwin formal vocabulary! formal ending _—_‘fonger sentence it Then, rewrite them using language from the Useful Language section. 2 Write two main body paragraphs making suggestions on how your local town council can improve road safety in your town/village. ‘the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs. WB6GR1 Grammar Reference MODULE 1 Adverbs Form + We usually form adverbs by adding -ly to the adjective beautitu - beautifully + When the adjective ends with a consonant y, we drop the -y and add -ly to form the adverb, lucky ~ luckily ‘+ When the adjective ends in -e we drop the -e and add - y. simple - simply + Some adverbs have the same form as their adjectives. jong + fong, fast -» fast, hard -* hard, early -» early, late -+ late Note: good > well Use Adverbs usually describe verbs. He volks slowly. Adverbs can show manner (how), place (where), time (when) and frequency (how often). Adverbs usually go after verbs, He speaks loudly. (How does he speak? Loudly. ~ manner) He went upstairs. (Where did he go? Upstairs. - place) She let early. (When did she leave? Early. - time) He visits us every week (How often does he visit us? Every week. ~ frequency) Present simple - Present continuous Use \We use the present simple for permanent states. John lives in Russia daily routines. He works from 10 fo 6 every day repeated actions. He usually plays golf at weekends We use the present continuous for: * actions happening now, at the time of speaking, Tony is watching TV right now. * actions happening not necessarily now, but around the time of speaking. Lavra is looking for o new job these days The following verbs do not usually have a present uous form. ‘=possess), like, love, want, know, live, remember, understand, believe, need. see, smell, ec | need 0 pen. (NOT: F4m-needlng 0 pen.) Ihave o car. (NOT: lan-havig a cr.) BUT I'm having breakfost now. (= 'm eating) Stative verbs Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action and do not usually have a continuous form. These are ‘+ verbs of the senses (appear, feel, hear, look, see, smell, sound, taste, etc), sie sounds worted verbs of perception (believe, forget, know, understand, etc). | don’t believe what you'‘e telling me. + verbs which express feelings and emotions (desire, enjoy, hate, lke, love, prefer, want, etc). | hate dancing ‘© other verbs: belong, contain, cost, fit, have, keep, need, owe, own, etc. This a0 costs 75 pounds Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but with a difference in meaning, Yam thinking of buying a cor sm considering) lieve) He has 0 wns, possesses) Tam having i He is having a bat. You con see the park from (He's seeing his friends my room. (= itis visible) | tomorrovr. = is meeting) |! see what the problem i inderstand) | [This pie tastes very good. |Ken is tasting the soup tose | solt. (=i trying) | The dog is smelling the bushes. (= i sniffing) | Rihanna is appearing in Madhid tisthas the flavour of) it has The roses smell great fave the aroma) Fe appears (= seems to) s performing) The jacket fits f indons | (it’s the right size) in their house. (= are installing) | Note: The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses to express a specific preference {relly enjoy dancing. (general preference) BUT I'm enjoying a quiet afternoon at home. (specific preference) ‘The verbs feel (when we experience a particular emotion), hurt and ache can be used in simple or continuous tenses with no difference in meaning | feel hungry, = am feeling hungry -ing form The -ing form is used: asa noun. Drinking milk is very good for your bones. ‘+ after certain verbs: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, deny, fancy, go (for activities), imagine, ‘mind, miss, quit, save, suggest, practise, prevent. | suggest eating out tonight + after love, like, enjoy, prefer, dislike, hate to express {general preference. | love watching old films. BUT for a specific preference (would like/would prefer/would fove) wo use to-infinitive + after expressions such as: be busy, be used to, it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s (not) worth, what's the use of, can’t help, there’s no point (in), can’t stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble, etc. Jone is busy cooking dinrer ‘+ after spend, waste or fose (time, money, ete) Don’t waste time trying to fix this + after the preposition to with verbs and expressions such as: look forward to, be used to, in addition to, object to, prefer (doing sth to doing sth else), He isn't used to getting up eary + after other prepositions. John is good at fixing computers,Infinitive ‘The to-infinitive is used: + to-express purpose. He's saving money to buy 0 car. + after certain verbs that refer to the future (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc) | promise to return the money soon + after would like, would prefer, would love, etc to express a specific preference. | would love to go to the theatre tonight. + after adjectives which descibe feelings/emotions (happy, ‘glad, sad, etc), express willingness/unwillingness (eager, reluctant, willing, etc) or refer to a person's character (clever, kind, etc); and the adjectives lucky and fortunate. He's aways eager to help out + after too/enough. I's too cold to go swimming + in the expressions to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with, etc. To tell you the truth, | didn’t really think they'd wi. ices alu Active voice Passive voice (to) play (to) be played Present Cont. (to) be playing = Present ‘+ remember + to-infinitive = not forget Did you remember to wish Sue a happy birthday? + remember + -ing form = recall | remember going bungee jumping for the fst time ‘+ mean + to-infinitive = intend to | didn't mean to hurt her feelings ‘+ mean + -ing form = involve If weqgo thereby car, it will mean spending aiot on petrol. + regret + to-infinitive = be sorry to (normally used in the present simple with verbs such as say, tell, inform) | regret to inform you thot your flight is delayed. + regret + -ing form = feel sorry about J regret spending so much money. + try + to-infinitive = attempt, do one’s best I tried to open the drawer but it was stuck. ‘+ try + ing form = do something as an experiment He should try cutting down on fatty foods ‘+ stop + to-infinitive something else (On our way to the beach, we stopped to take some photos. ‘© stop + -ing form = finish doing something He stopped talking when the teacher waiked in stop temporarily in order to do Perfect (to) have played _|(to)have been played Perfect Cont. to) have been playing = Comparisons present simple/will + present infinitive present continuous/future continuous ~* present continuous infinitive past simple/present perfect/past perfect -* perfect infinitive past continuousipresent perfect continuouspast perfect Continuous -» present perfect continuous The infinitive without to (bare infinitive) is used ‘+ after modal verbs. He should see a doctor ‘after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. They made fim pay extvo BUT we use the to-infinitive after be ‘made, be heard, be seen, etc (passive form) He was made to pay extra ‘+ after had better and would rather. You had better book ecily + help can be followed by the to-infinitive or the ive without to. helped her (to) move the sofa. Picea ecenaans Bey ‘Some verbs can take either the to-infinitive or the -ing form with a change in meaning, + forget + to-infinitive = not remember He forgot to take his wallet with him + forget + -ing form = not recall (i never forget skiing down the Alps. ‘+ We use the comparative to compare one person or thing with another. We use the superlative to compare ‘one person or thing with the others of the same group. We often use than after a comparative. Chris is taller than John. * We normally use the before a superiative, We can use in ‘or of after superlatives. We often use in with places. Anne is the oldest of the three children, Pedro is the best student in the class. Formation of comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs * With one-syllable adjectives, we add -(e)r to form the comparative and -(e)st to form the superlative. cold colder - the coldest Note: For one-sylable adjectives ending in vowel + consonant, we double the consonant. thin - thinner - the thinnest + With two-syllable adjectives, we form the comparative with more + adjective and the superlative with most + adjective Note: For two-syllable adjectives ending in consonant + -y, we replace -y with «and add -er/-est busy - busier - the busiest * With agjectives having more than two syllables, omparatves and superlatives are formed with more/the ‘most. exciting - more exiting - the most exciting Note: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid fo1m their comparatives and superlatives either with -er/est or with more/the most. quiet - quieter/more quiet - the quietest/the most quiet GR2Tela clclauales i i \ + With adverbs that have the same form as their adjectives (hard, fast, free, late, high, low, deep, long, near, Straight), we add -er/-est. ard ~ harder - the hardest Note: Advetbs formed by adding ly to the adjective take ‘more in the comparative and the most in the superlative form. quickly - more quickly ~ the most quickly the action that interrupted it (shorter action). She was leaving the house when the telephone rang. + an action in progress at a stated time in the past. Jane was watching television at 8 o'clock last night * background information in a story. it was snowing heavily when Tom left home yesterday morning expression used with the past oie | Positive Comparative Superlative while, when, as, all day/nightémoring, yesterday, et goodwel ier best Pe Ty) mmuch/manyia lot oF _| more most sees aaiippenestee al for fartherfurther _ | farthest/turthest Past simple bodbodly worse worst Tele Tes Teast | walked/went Did | walk/go? Note: We can use elder/eldest for people in the same ‘You walked/went. Did you walk/go? family. His elder/eldest brother is an actor. He walkediwent. Did he walk/go? She walked/went Did she walk/go? Study the examples: it walkediwent. Did it walk/go? © very + adjectivesadverb: Diego is 0 very nice person ‘We walked/went. Did we walk/go? ‘+ much + comparative form of adjective/adverb: You You walked/went. Did you walk/go? hair looks much better now that you've cut it. They walked/went. ___Did they walk/go? + (not) as + adjective/adverb + as: Dovid sas old as Corl. Tom isn't as polite as his sister. ‘+ comparative + comparative: Ti veather s getting colder and colder. + a bit/a little/far/slightly + comparative form of adjective/adverb:| (coo bit better today + by far + superlative form of adjective/adverb: This is by far the best meal you've ever cooked. MODULE 2 Past continuous Form We form the past continuous with was/were (past simple of ‘the verb ‘to be!) and the base form of the main verb + -ing | was standing, you were standing, he was standing, etc Ns “9 at | wasn't standing, you weren't standing, he wasn’t standing, etc. Was | standing?, Were you standing?, gd ae Se Was he standing?, etc. SHORT ‘i EPS Yes, vnelsherit was. Yes, youfwelthey were. No, ihe/she/it wasn’t No, you'welthey weren't. We use the past continuous for ‘+ «wo oF more actions happening at the same time in the past. / was reading «book while John was watching television. ‘+ an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for va ian Short Form. | \ did not watk/go. \ didn’t walk/go You did not walkigo. You didn’t walk/go. He did not walk/go He didn't walk/go. She did not walk/go. She didn't walk/go. | \tdid not walk/go. It didn’t walk/go. We did not walk/go. We didn't walk/go. You did not walkigo. You didn’t walk/go. They did not walk/go. They didn't walk/go. Yes, l/you/he etc did No, l/yourhe etc didn't. Did l/yourhe etc walk/go? Form Affirmative We form the affirmative of most regular verbs by adding sed to the base form ofthe verb. play - I played © Other verbs have irregular affirmative forms, (see list of itegular verbs) | come - | came Interrogative + We form questions with did + subject personal pronoun + base form of the verb. Did you play golf yesterday? Did you go to the cinema yesterday? Negative ‘+ We form negations with didn’t + base form of the verb. { didn’t watch a film on TV yesterday. She didn’t sleep well lastnight. * We form affirmative short answers with did and negative short answers with didn’t “Did you call him?” “Yes, | did.” “Did you go shopping?” "No, | didn’t.”CTE alee) Spelling: affirmative of regular verbs * We add -d to verbs ending ine. |move ~/ moved ‘+ Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the -y and add -ied I try ~ | tried ‘Verbs ending-in one stressed vowel between two consonants double the last consonant and take ~ed. | drop ~| dropped Use We use the past simple for: + actions which started and ended in the past. | met Kobe Bryant and he gave me his jersey + actions which happened at a specific time in the past. The time is either mentioned or implied. He moved to the US from England in 2003. Beethoven composed a number of symphonies and concerts Note: When/While/As + past continuous (longer action) When + past simple (shorter action) Past continuous vs Past simple Past Continuous We use the past continuous + for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We do not mention when the action started or finished. At eleven o'clock lastnight we were watching film. (We don’t know when the film started or finished) + for an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted it (shorter action) ‘She was cooking dinner when the phone rang. + for two or more simultaneous past actions. She was talking on the phone while he was having a shower. + to describe the atmosphere, the setting, etc in the introduction to a story, before we describe the main events Alex was driving to work. It was raining heavily Past Simple We use the past simple: + for an action which happened at a definite time in the past. The time is stated, already known or implied They travelled to india last summer. (When? Last summer. The time is stated.) They had o great time. (The time is already known.) ‘+ for actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past. First, he had a shower. Then he had breakfast. + for past habits or states which are now finished. In such cases we can also use the expression used to. Paul walked/used to walk to schoo! every doy lat year. Used to ‘+ We use used to or the past simple to talk about past habits or things that do not happenfesst anymore. It has the same form in all persons (used) and it is followed by the infinitive. | used to play/played the guitar in ¢ bond. (don't play the guitar in a band anymore.) We form questions and the negative with the auxiliary verb did/did not (didn't), the subject and the verb use without -d Did you use to go to the cinema very often? Robert didn’t use to eat junk food. | ‘We use the past simple for an action which happened at | a specific time in the past. | He went to Paris last month. (NOT: He used-t0.go to Paris i last month.) Used to/Past simple + We use used to + infinitive to refer to past habits or states. In such cases, used to can be replaced by the past simple with no difference in meaning She used to go/went to work by bus. (She doesn’t anymore.) “+ We use the past simple, and not used to, for actions which happened at a definite time in the past, He went to.a rock concert last week. (NOT: He used-4o.go to 0 rock concert last week.) Past perfect Form: subject + had + past participle Wouteetchad played. oeoisyea Eels EUR Yes, lyoufhe etc had. Had youre ec played? Ne oue ec hadnt We use the past perfect: + for an action which finished before another past action or before a stated time in the past. 4!) (he ‘guests had left when she arrived at the party. (past perfect: had left before another past action: arrived) Tom had finished his work by noon. (before stated time in the past: by noon) + for an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past, She hhad passed her test and she was really happy. Time expressions used with the past perfect: before, after, already, just, for, since, til/until, when, by the time, never etc GR4Grammar Reference Past perfect continuous Form: subject + had + been + main verb -ing Wou/He/She/itWe/They had been running Wou/He/She/itWe/They had not/hadn’t been runni INTERROGATIVE | ES Had Wyouhe etc Yes, Wyou/ne/sheltwerthey had. been running? No, Vyoufhelshe/tiwelthey hada’ We use the past perfect continuous + to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past before another action ‘or stated time in the past, usualy with for or since. { had been watching TV for an hour when I remembered | hhad forgotten to call my fiend. + for an action which lasted for some time in the past ‘and whose result was visible in the past. Shovor as very tired because she had been painting her room all doy. {rs expressions used with the past perfect continuous: fr, since, how long, before, until et MODULE 3 Will (future simple) Long Form rt Form | will play VM play will | play? Youwill play. You'll play Will you play? He will play. He'll play. will he play? She will play. She'll pay. Will she play? It will play. tel play Will it play? We will pay. We'll play. will we play? You will play. You'll play. “will you piay? “They will play. They'll pay. Will they play? ng Form Short Form | will not play | won't play. You will not play. You won't play. | He will not play. He won't play. She will not play. She won't play. {twill not play. It won't play. We will not play. | We won't play ‘You will not play. | You won't play. They will not play. They won't play. Yes, Vyou/he etc will Will youre etc Bay? ne vont GR5 Form + We form the simple future with will and the base form of the verb. will travel obrood. + We form questions by putting will before the subject. Will he travel abroad? Will they visit the museum? + We form negations by putting not after will. They will not/won't visit the museum. Use We use wil: + to make predictions based on what we believe or think. We usually use will with I think, | hope, | believe, 1 expect, probably anc perhops J expect he'll be here at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning + to make on-the-spot decisions. This dress is beautiful. buy it «for promises (usually with the verbs promise/swear etc) | promise | won't be late, threats Don't do this again or I Teave., wamings Get down from the vee or you'll fall, hopes / hope I'l see you soon., offers Ill carry the bags for you. ‘to give information about the future. When we go to Athens, we'll visit the Acropolis Be going to Form: subject + verb to be (am/s/are) + going to + bare infinitive of the main verb iam : Poets |He/Shertt is } son to \WerYou/They are leave. ‘am not ] is NS He/Shelit is not Sn to Wervourheyarenet_) SNP Am | 7 Pia tteled Vi") ts he/sheit fora tg Are werouthey _) SWS ‘Yes, | am./No, |'m not. ‘Yes, he/sheiit is/No, he/she/it isn’t. ‘Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/yourthey aren't. Use We use be going to. + to talk about our future plans and intentions. Kin is {going to start her new job soon. (She's planning t0 ..) ‘+ to make predictions based on what we see or know. Look out! You're going to drive into that tree. + to talk about things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future. Dylan is going to travel to China, (He has already decided to do this.) Present simple/Present continuous (future meaning) ‘+ Wecan use the present simple to talk about timetables: or programmes. he lst bus leaves ot 9:00 pm + We use the present continuous fo fixed arrangements in the future. We're having dinner at an iaian restaurant tonight. | booked «table yesterday.Clauses of time + Clauses of time are introduced by: after, as, as fong as, as soon as, before, by the time, (= before, not later than), every time, immediately, just as, once, the ‘moment (that), untilftill, (= up to the time when), when, while, etc. They woited for three hours before their plane took off + When the verb of the main clause is in a present or future form, the verb of the time cause is in the present form too, We don't use will/would in a clause of time. Il help {you as soon as | finish my work. (NOT: as soon as wil finish) When the time clause precedes the main clause, a comma is used. When the time clauses follows, no comma i used. When you get home, call Mr Smith. BUT Call Mr Smith When you get home. Conditionals: types 0/1/2/3 Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). When the if- clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated with a comma. When the main clause comes before the if-lause, then no comma is necessary Ifyou don’t leave now, you'll miss the bus You'll miss the bus if you don’t leave now. Conditional type 0 Form CLAUSE If + present simple If the temperature drops below 0°C, TRS “+ present simple + water Freezes. Use We use the conditional type 0 to say something is always true (law of nature) or to talk about something that always happens as a resuit of something else. We can use when instead of if 1f/When you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (law of nature) | get seasick when | travel by boot, (always happens) Conditional type 1 Form i + eee = willcan/must etc + bare wit or imperative Ifyou study ford, you'll pass the exam “Ifyou don't like it, don’t eat it Use + We use the conditional type 1 to talk about a real or very probable situation in the present or future * We can use unless instead of if .. not in the if-clause. The verb is always in the affirmative after unless. If you don’t do your homewort;, you'l be in trouble Unless you do your homework, you'l bein trouble. Grammar Reference Conditional type 2 Form za DS If + past simple “+ would + bare infinitive |IfThad more money, | would travel the world. @But I don’t, have more money. ~ untrue in the present) If were you, | would ask for help. (advice) ——_ Use + We use the conditional type 2 to tak about an imaginary situation, unreal in the present or future. It is ako used to give advice + We can use were instead of was for all persons in the if- clause of Type 2 conditionals. If Tony was/were here, he would help us Conditional type 3 Form If + past perfect —+ would have + past participle Ife had left eaver, he would have caught fis fight. (But he didn't.) If you had studied harder, you wouldn't have failed the exam. (criticism) Use We use the conditional type 3 to tak about an imaginary situation in the past. It is also used to express regret or «titicism, Wishes We can use wish/if only to express a wish. "sh wastwere a home ‘now. (But I'm not.) ! wish my tooth didn’t hurt, (But ‘my tooth hurts.) | wish | had called him eorler. (But | didn’t.) If only they hadn't broken | up. (But they did) to say that we would lke something to be different about a present situation + past simple toerpres regret about something vihich happened or didn’t happen in the past + past perfect If only is used in exactly the same way as wish but itis more emphatic or more dramatic, We can use were instead of was after wish and if only. (wish { were/was on holiday now. MODULE 4 Modals Can/could, may/might, must/have to, ought to, shall/should, will/would: + don't take -s, «ing or -ed suffices. ‘+ are followed by the bare infinitive (infinitive without to). GR6| : Grammar Reference ‘© come before the subject in questions and are followed by not in negations. «don't have tenses in the normal sense. When followed by 2 present bare infinitive, they refer to an incomplete action or state (ie. present or future). We should send them a gift for their wedding, When followed by a perfect bare infinitive, they refer to a complete action or state We should have sent them o gift when they got marred ‘Obligation/Duty/Necessity (must, have to, should/ought to), + Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth and shows that sth is essential. We generally use must when the speaker has decided that sth S necessary (ie. subjective). If your licence expires, you must renew it. My room is @-mess. | must tidy it. (tis your duty /You are obliged to do sth) * Have to expresses strong necessity/obligation. We usually use have to when somebody other than the speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i.e. objective). Our teacher says we have to finish the report by Friday. (it’s necessary.) + Had to is the past form of both must and have to. + Should/Ought to express duty, weak obligation. You should send him o thank-you letter for al his hep (t's your duty. ~ less emphatic than must) ‘Absence of necessity (don’t have to/don’t need to, needn't) + Don't have to/Don’t need to/Needn’t: It isn't necessary to do sth in the presentifuture, she doesn’t have to book the tickets in advance. You don’t need to bring anything to the party. | needn't take the dog for o walk ‘again later. (itisn’t necessary.) + Didn't need to/Didn’t have to: It wasn’t necessary to do sth, We don’t know if it was done or not. They didn’t have to take them out to dinner. (We don’t know if they took them out. It wasn't necessary.) yn (can, may, mustn't, can’t) © Can/May are used to ask for/give permission. May is more formal than can. Can/May | sit here? Yes, you can/may. (\sit OK if?) + Mustn’t/Can’t: iis forbidden to do sth it is against the ruleslaw; you are not allowed to do sth. You mustn’t/ can't eatin the classroom. (You aren't allowed.) Possibility (can, could) | * Can + present infinitive: General/theoretical possibilty. Not usually used for a specific situation. Mory can be ‘quite unfair at times. (general possibilty - it is theoretically possible.) * Could/May/Might + present infinitive: Possibility in a specific situation It might rain later, so bring an umbrella. (itis possible tis likely Perhaps.) Note: We can use can/could/might in questions BUT not may. Could he stil be ct work? (NOT: may) ‘© Could/Might/Would + perfect infinitive refer to sth in the past that wes possible but didn’t happen. She would hhave come to the meeting but no one had told her. GR7 Note how the forms of the infinitive are formed: Present: (to) do Present continuous: (to) be doing Perfect: (to) have done Perfect continuous: (to) have been doing Ability/Inability (can, could, was able to) © Can(‘t) expresses (inability in the presentfuture. she can sing very well (She i able to ..) * Could expresses genera repeated ability in the past. He could walk for hours when he was younger. (He was able to.) © Was(n't) able to expresses (inability on a specific ‘occasion in the past. He was(n't) able to ottend yesterday's meeting. (He (didn't) manage to...) * Couldn't may be used to express any kind of inability in the past, repeated or specific. Sue couldn't ride 0 bike when he was three. (past repeated action) She couldn't/ wasn't able to cde her bike yesterday because it was being repaired (past single action) Offers/Suggestions (can, would, shall, could) © Can: Can | get you more coffee? (Would you lke me to?) © Would: Would you like some coffee? (Do you want ...?) © Shall: Shall | help you carry these? (Would you like me to 21 Do you want me to ..2) * Can/Could: We can go to the Thai restaurant, You could ask him for help. (Let's ..) ‘Probability (will, should/ought to) et © Will: he will ogee to mary him, (100% certain) + Should/Ought to: He should/ought to be here by noon (90% certain; future only; it’s probable) ‘Advice (should, ought to, shall) ] «Should: general advice She should step worrying so ‘much (t's my advice.M advise her to ..) * Ought to: general advice We ought to respect the others. (it’s @ good thing/idea to do.) Shall: asking for advice Shall | look for another job? (D0 you think it's a good idea to ..2) Past modals ‘© Had to expresses necesstystrong obligation in the past. Had to is the past form of both must and have to. The students who filed the test had to take it again * Didn't have to/Didn’t need to show that it wasn't necessary to do sth, We don’t know if it was done or not They didn’t have to toke them out to dinner. (We don't know if they did.) ‘© We use could for general ability in the past. Joan could ‘idea ike when she wes three. (She had the ability ) + Was(n't) able to expresses (nail on a specific occasion in the past. He was(n’t) able to attend yesterday's meeting (He didn’t) manage to ..) ‘© Couldn't may be used to express any kind of inability in the past, repeated or specific. Sue couldn't ride o bike when she vas thre. (past repeated action) She couldn’t/wasn’t able to. ride her bike yesterday becouse it had a puncture. (past single action)Relative clauses Use ‘+ We use relative pronouns (who/whose/which/that) and relative adverbs (where/when/why) to introduce relative clauses. We use relative clauses to identify/ describe the person/thing/place in the main clause. Relative Clause The woman who stars in this play is my cunt. + We use who/thar to refer to people. The man who/that rescued the children from the frei @local hero. * We use which/that to refer to objects or animals. The house which/that hod the best-kept garden was photographed for a magazine. * We use where to refer to places. That's the town where they filmed the TV series. ‘+ We use whose with people, animals and things to show possession. This is the man whose dog barks all night. ‘+ We use when to refer to time, usually after nouns such as time, period, moment, day, year and summer. That was the year when they got married. + We use why to give a reason. He won't tell me why he uit his job Defining and Non-defining relative clauses + A defining relative clause gives necessary information essential to the meaning of the main sentence. It is not put in commas and is introduced with who, which, that, whose, where, when ot the reason (why), The students who were noisy were asked to leave the classroom + Anon-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. tis put in commas and is introduced with who, whom, which, whose, where or when. I cur, who is an excellent cook, was asked to cater fora dinner party. Both/Neither-All/None-Eithe: * Both refers to two people, things, or groups. It has a positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb. Both boys are playing basketball ths season. + Neither refers to two people, things, or groups and has a negative meaning. Neither of + plural noun phrase ‘an be followed by either a singular or plural verb. Neither of them is/are coming to the party. BUT: ‘Neither car is cheop enough for me to buy. ‘+ All refers to more than two people, things, or groups. It has a positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb All the students are taking part in the charity football game. ‘+ None of refers to more than two people, things, or groups and has a negative meaning. It's used with nouns Cr object pronouns and is followed by either a singular or plural verb. None of my students has/have finished the presentation yet. Grammar Reference * Either refers to two people, things, or groups and is, followed by a singular countable noun, Do you want to ‘order italian or Chinese for dinner? Either is fine with me. Either of + plural noun phrase can be followed by either a singular or plural verb. Either of these two CDs contain/contains ail the latest hits. BUT: Either CD contains all the latest hits ‘+ Both ... and is followed by a plural verb. Both Mum and Dad are coming to the school play. + Neither ... nor/Either ... or take either a singular or plural verb, depending on the subject which follows nor ‘or of. Neither me nor my parents are computer literate Either you or Mark has to help with the project. MODULE 5 Present perfect | ull Form Short Form have worked. I"ve worked. You have worked ‘You've worked. He has worked. He's worked She has worked She's worked it has worked. it's worked. We've worked. You've worked. We have worked. ‘You have worked, They have worked They've worked i aa Short Form ‘ have not worked | haven't worked. You have not worked. You haven't worked. He has not worked He hasn't worked, She has not worked. She hasn't worked. It has not worked It hasn't worked We have not worked. We haven't worked. You have not worked They have not worked. ‘You haven't worked They haven't worked Have | worked? Have you worked? Has hie worked? Has she worked? Has it worked? Have we worked? Have you worked? Have they worked? Yes, | havevNo, | haven't. Yes, you haveJNo, you haven't. Yes, he has./No, he hasn't Yes, she has No, she hasn't, Yes, it has /No, it hasn't ‘Yes, we have No, we haven't. ‘Yes, you have /No, you haven't, ‘Yes, they have /No, they haven'tGrammar Reference Form * We form the present perfect with the auxiliary ver have/has and the past participle of the main verb. We form the past participle of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. play - played ‘+ We form the past participle of irregular verbs different fee! - felt (se list of irregular verbs). Use We use the present perfect: + for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present. #2 has worked as a doctor for five yrs. (He started working as a doctor 5 years ego and he is still working as @ doctor.) + to talk about a past action which has a visible result in the present. She s happy. She has passed her exams. + torefer to.an experience. He has tried bungee jumping ‘Time expressions used with the present perfect: already, yet, for, since, ever, never, etc. ‘Already - Yet - For - Since- Never- Ever * We use already in affirmative sentences. Jack has already watered the plants + We use yet in interrogative and negative sentences. “Has Ryan arrived yet?” 1 haven't finished my homework yet.” + We use for to express duration, They've been in Rome for a week ‘+ We use since to state a starting point. They've been in Rome since last Friday. ‘+ We use ever in affirmative and interrogative sentences. This is the best film 've ever watched. Hove you ever been to Poris? © We use never in affirmative sentences to express a negative meaning. We ve never been to Jopan. Present perfect vs Past simple * We use the present perfect for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past. He has hurt his leg. (When? We don’t know.) + We use the present perfect for an action which started in the past and continues to the present. She has been in Cairo for ten years. (She went to Cairo ten years ago and she is still there.) ‘© We use the past simple for an action which happened ata stated time in the past. They went to Australia last summer. (When? Last summer.) + We use the past simple for an action which started and finished in the past. She was in New York for two years. (She lived in New York for two years. She doesn’t live there anymore.) GRO Present pel ‘continuous Form: have/has + been + ver’ -ing Ee ee \WouWe/They have/'ve VYoulWe/They have not/ been playing haven't been playing, He/Sheilt has/'s been He/She/it has not/hasn't playing, been playing. Mie Ena Have lyoulwelthey Yes, Wouwe/they have. been playing? No, Vyoulwe/they haven't. Has he she/itbeen Yes, he/shedit has. | playing? | No, he/sheft hasnt Use pial = ‘We use the present perfect continuous: + to place emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. John has been trying to fix my computer for two hours. ‘+ for an action that started in the past and lasted for some time. It may still be continuing or have finished, but it has left a visible result in the present. He's tired because he has been working late ot the office all week. ‘continuous: since, for, how long (to place emphasis on Time expressions used with the present perfect fe Logical Assumptions/Deductions (must, may/might, can’t) © Must = almost certain that this iswvas true She must feel very relieved now that she knows she's ‘passed all her tests. Pete ‘sn’t answering his home phone. He must have stayed at work. (I'm sure/certain that sth is true.) + May/Might/Could = possible that this ishvas true My friend works at the shop so | might get a discount. He may have replied to your email. Check your inbox. (It possible tis likely Perhaps.) + Can't/Couldn’t = almost certain that this istwas impossible This painting can’t be a copy. It's for too ‘expensive. He couldn't have called you from home. His phone wasn't working all weekend. ('m sure that sth isn’t true, real, etc.) Tenses of the infinitive/-ing form os er iad form Eo oe oa ocd PRESENT (to) play | playing a TNS PERFECT Casal CES (to) be playing — | - having played (to) have played (to) have been playingGrammar Reference Forms of the infinitive corresponding to verb tenses. eats (iu Present (to) clean Nas} Present simple/Future simple she cleans/she will lean Present continuous Present continuous she is cleaning (to) be leaning Past simple/Present perfect! Past perfect Perfect she cleanedishe has cleanedishe hed | (to) have cleaned cleaned Past continuous/Present perfect Perfect continuous (to) have been cleaning she was cleaning/she has been cleaningfshe had been cleaning The simple -ing form refers to the present or future ‘Swimming is an enesgetic foom of exercise. The perfect -ing form shows that the action of the -ing form happened before the action of the verb. He denied having lied to his parents. We can use the simple -ing form instead of the perfect -ing form with no difference in meaning. He ‘diitted to having stolen/stealing the cor MODULE 6 The Passive Form \We form the passive with the verb to be in the appropriate tense and the past participle of the main verb. Read the table: PASSIVE Gee UEINE Sue bakes ocak. | coke baked by Gia Sue is baking a|A cake is being continuous aa baked by Sue PRICE Sue boked o coke, |* “ake was baked by Sue. a Sue was baking a |A coke was being continuous [2g baked by Sue Rau Sue has baked 0 |A cake has been carta cote. baked by Su. Gia ail Sue had baked « [A coke had been er cake. baked by Sue. Sue will bake a|A coke will be poesia bates Sue has to bake a | coke has to be -sigdabbdae| oe baked by Sue Sue might bake o | coke might be het | cote baked by Sue We use the passive © when the persor/people doing the action is/are ‘unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context, The vase was broken. (We don’t know who broke it The package will be delivered today. (Who will deliver it is unimportant) Our exom papers have been corrected. (It's obvious that the teacher has corrected our exam papers) + when the action itself s more important than the pperson/people doing it, as in news headlines, newspaper articles, formal notices, advertisements, instructions, processes, ete. Mobile phones must be turned off during the examination ‘+ when we want to avoid taking responsibility for an action or when we refer to an unpleasant event and we do not want to say who or what isto blame. They were cheated out oftheir money. ‘© to1emphasise the agent. The announcement was made by the Prime Minister himself ‘+ to make statements more formal or polite. iy book has ‘been torn. (More polite than saying ‘You fore my book.) Changing from the active to the passive ‘© The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence ‘© The active verb remains in the same tense but changes into passive form. ‘+ The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent ‘and is either introduced with the preposition by or is omitted. Subject Verb Object. ACTIVE lia digned a rss. < Y Y Subject Verb Agent PASSIVE Adress wasdesigned by Lisa ‘© Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) can be changed into the passive. A house collapsed in the earthquoke. (intransitive verb; no passive form), Note: Some transitive verbs (have, fit (= be the right size), suit, resemble, etc) cannot be changed into the passive, This skirt doesn’t fit me. (NOT: Lanne fitted by-this skirt) + We can use the verb to get instead of the verb to be in ‘everyday speech when we tak about tings that happen by accident or unexpectedly. Our luggage got stolen ot the aor. By + agent is used to say who or what carries out an action. With + instrument/material/ingredient is used to say what the agent used. This dess wes designed by a Tocal designer. it wos mode with environmentally friendly fabrics. +The agent can be omitted when the subject is they, he, someone/somebody, people, one, etc. Someone has ‘broken the window (= The window has been broken.) + The agent is not omitted when it is a specific or important person or when it is essential to the meaning of the sentence. 4 decision was reached by the board of directors GR10Grammar Reference + With verbs which can take two objects, such as bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, sell, read, offer, give, lend, etc, we can form two different passive sentences, He offered me a deal. (active) | was offered « deal (passive, more usual) 4 deol was offered to me. (passive, less usual) * In passive questions with who, whom or which we do not omit by. Who painted this portrait? Who was this portrait painted by? + The verbs hear, help, see and make are followed by the bare infinitive in the active but by the to-infinitive in the passive. hey Saw him leave the building : He was seen to leave the building hey saw him running down the stars 9: He was seen running down the stairs. Personal/Impersonal Construction The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, etc are used in the following passive patterns in personal and impersonal constructions. active: People believe that he lied in court passive: a) It is believed (thot) heed in court. (impersonal construction) b) He is believed to have lied in court. (personal construction) active: They expect him to arrive soon, passive: a) It is expected (that) that he will arrive soon, b) He is expected to arrive soon The Cau: ive + We use have + object + past participle to say that we have arranged for someone to do something for us. Mary hhad her hair dyed. (She didn’t dye it herself.) + Questions and negations in the causative are formed with do/does (present simple) or did (past simple) + have + object + past participle Did he have his mail delivered yesterday? Talis ulies| He fixes his cor. | He has his car fixed. sad feo oltEy He is fixing his He is having his I. cor fixed. He fixed his car. | He had his car fixed. He was fixing his | He was having car. his car fixed. He has fixed his |He has had his cor. car fixed. He had fixed his| He had had his cor. cor fixed. FUTURE SIMPLE He will have his He will fix bs ca. | reg ‘iv | myself, you - yourself, he ~ himself, she ~ herself, it~ itself, we - ourselves, you - yourselves, they ~ themselves We use reflexive pronouns: ‘+ with verbs such as behave, bum, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, kil look at, teach etc or with prepositions when the subject and the object ofthe verb are the same person, She (subject) hurt herself (object) when she fll down * with the preposition by when we mean alonefwithout company or without help (= on one's own). He lives in that big house by himself/on his own, + in the following expressions: enjoy yourself (nave a good time), behave yourself (be good), help yourself (you are welcome to take something if you want), They enjoyed themselves ot the party. ‘© to emphasise the subject or the object of a sentence. | vwiote this poem myself (| wrate this poem. Nobody else wrote it} Chris met Ronaldino himself. (Chris met Ronaidino, not somebody else.) Note: We do not normally use reflexive pronouns with the verbs concentrate, feel, meet and relax. Yu s/ovld concentrate on your work. (NOT: You should concentrate _yourself on your work.) ‘+ Reflexive pronouns are used withthe verbs dress, wash and shave when we want to show that someone did something with alot of effort. Tom managed to shave himself Reported speech Direct speech is the exact words someone said. We use ‘quotation marks in direct speech. Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks in reported speech. The word that can either be used ‘or omitted after the introductory verb (say, tell, etc Say - Tell ‘© say +no personal object {'s0 said (that) she wos hunory * say + to + personal object | so said to me (that) she was hungry + tell + personal object is told me (that) she wos hunory + We use say + to-infinitive but never say about, We use tell sb, speak/talk about. Si said to meet her of the station. He told her/spoke/talked about his new ideo. good morning/aftemoon, etc, something! nothing, so, a prayer, a few words, no more, for certainvsure, sorry, etc the truth, ale, a story, 2 secret, a joke, the time, the difference, one from another, somebody one’s name, somebody the way, somebody so, someone's fortune, etc | ‘question, a favour, the price, after somebody, the time, around, for something/somebody, etc.Grammar Reference Reported statements In reported speech, personalipossessive pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence, James said, “i've booked my ticket." (direct Statement) James said (that) he had booked his ticket (reported statement) + We can report someone's words either a long time after they were said (out-of-date reporting) or a short time after they were said (up-to-date reporting) Up-to-date reporting The tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech, Direct speech: Julia scid, °! read an interesting book. * soid that she read/had read an interesting book. Reported speech: Out-of-date reporting The introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses change as follows: Present Simple -+ Past Simple ‘he said. every day. Present Continuous -* Past Continuous he said lunch Present Perfect -+ Past Perfect hhave bought ¢ new She soid (that) she had bought a she soid. new PC. Past Simple -+ Past Simple or Past Perfect “We moved io a new They said (that) they moved/had. house," they said moved to a new house. Past Continuous + Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous T was watching TV,” helHe said (that) he was watching/ soid hhad been watching TV Will + Would will rent a DVD, he would rent a sold + Certain words and time expressions change according to the meaning as follows: now -» then, immediately; today ~ that day; yesterday -» the day before the previous day, tomorrow + the nexvfolowing day; this week ~» that week; lst week “+ the week before, the previous week; next week -» the week after, the fllowing week; ago -» before; here -» there Reported orders/commands + We use order/tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive to report commands, "Go away!” she soid She ordered/told them to go awoy. ‘+ To report orders or instructions, we use the verbs order or tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive, “urs off the TV!" she tole them, (dtect order) She told them to turn off the TV (reported order) “Don’t talk ro me!” she soid. (direct order) She ordered me not to talk to her. (reported order) Reported questions ‘Reported questions are usualy introduced with the verbs ‘ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know. ‘+ When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how, when, what, etc), the reported ‘question is introduced with the same question word. Where does Ben live?” she wondered. (direct question) She wondered wivere Ben lived. (teported question) ‘+ When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, hhave) or @ modal verb (can, may, etc), then the reported {question is introduced with if or whether. Do you have o spare pen?” he asked, (direct question) He asked me if/whether | had a spare pen. (reported question) ‘+ In reported questions, the verb is in the affirmative. The {question mark and words/expressions such as please, well, ‘oh, etc are omitted. The verb tenses, pronouns and time expressions change as in statements. “Can you help me with my homework, please?” she asked him. (direct question) She asked him if he could help her with her homework (reported question)Grammar Reference Pe eee INTRODUCTORY VERB DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH agree + to-inf "Yes, lend you some money,” he said.» He agreed to lend me some money. demand “Tellme the truth!” he sai He demanded to be told the truth. | “offer Would you like me to cook something?” + He offered to cook something |he asked promise | ta try harder," he soi “+ He promised to try harder Fefuse “No.1 won't end you my cor," he sold, _-+ He refused to lend me hs car threaten “Leave the building or TI call the police,” + He threatened to call the police if! didn't leave the | he sad 1” buiang ‘caim [sow him tke te one." hesid__|-+|He aimed to have sen in tak the mare advise +b + ton | "You should get more sleep," esoid. _|-»|He advised me to get more sleep, allow “You can goto the concert," he said. + He allowed me to go to the concert ask | Please, tun the volume down,” he soid. |-»| He asked me to turn the volume down | beg “please. plese stop luching ae,” he sid |-+ He begged me to stop laughing at him command “Surrender!” he sid “tHe commanded the enemy to surrender encourage Go ahead, ty i,” he sid he encouraged me to try i forbid You mustn't sty out late,” hesoid, _+| He forbade me to stay out late “instruct Type your password and pres err,” _|-+ He instructed me to type my password and press hesad ‘enter invite Would you lik to come tothe beach with |-+| He invited me to goto the beach with them 5?" he osked | order "Go to your room!” he said. He ordered me to go to my room. | permit |"You may sit here,” he said. He permitted me to sit there. remind |-Don' forget to lock the door," he said. |-+| He reminded me to lack the door | “urge at your dinne, "he soi He urged me to eat my diner warn ‘Don't dive inthe lake," he sid +|He warmed me not to dive in the ake | fant Pott haute tae Saletan,” beso. fe wanted me to tae ean ‘accuse sb of + -ing form | “You scratched my CD!” he soi + He accused me of: ing scratched his CD. | apologise for “rm sonny | was late,” he sod -1|He apologised for being/having been le admit (to) Yes, | flled my exams,” he said He admitted (co) filing/having failed his exams boast about “t sing better than Jake," he said. + He boasted about singing better than Joke. ‘complain to sb about “You neve’ help out,” he said |-+ He complained to me about my never helping out. deny ‘No, | didn't cheatin the tet,” he sid. _|-+|He denied cheating/having cheated inthe test. insist on "You must take your medicine, he said, + He insisted on me/my taking my medicine. | suggest “Let's watch a DVD," he said. |= He suggested watching 0 Dvb. ‘agree + that-clause “Yes, i's ogieot idea,” he sod | [He agreed that it was a great idea. boast “rm an expert chef,” he said -+|He boasted that he vos an expert che. ‘1 won three awards,” he said -+/He claimed that he had won three awards. | ‘You never do the dishes,” he said “+ He complained that | never aid the dishes. | “ve never lied to her,” he said. + He denied that he had ever lied to her | “t's amazing!” he said + He exclaimed that it wos amazing ‘explain “itiso simple set of instructions,” he soid. |-+ He explained that it wos 0 simple et of instructions |_| inform sb | Your fight will be delayed,” he said. + He informed me that my flight would be delayed. promise "i won't make noise,” fhe soid “+ He promised that he wouldn't make nose. suggest "You ought to make reservations,” he sold. + He suggested that | make reservations. lexplain to sb + how | "This is how you save fil,” he soid, __|-»|He explained to me how to savea fe [wonder where/what/ |He asked himself, “How will they get to the|-»]He wondered how they would get to the airport. ‘why/how + clause (when o/p01t”” the subject of the He osked himself “Whereis everyone?” _|-»|He wondered where everyone was introductory verb is not | He asked himself, “Why are they shouting?” |-*|He wondered why they were shouting ‘the same as the subject in |He asked himself, “What is she writing?” _|-+| He wondered what she was writing “the reported question) | He asked himself, “Shall {invite them over?” |-+| He wondered whether to invite them over. wonder + whether + -+| He wondered whether hve should invite them over. to-inf or clause | wonder wherelwhat/ He asked himself, "When con Icall them?” |-+|He wondered when to call them. | hhow + torn (when the |He asked himself, “Whot should | say?” |-+| He wondered what to soy. ‘subject of the infinitive is He ‘asked himself, “How can | explain this?” —*| He wondered how to explain that. "the same as the subject of ‘the verb) | GR13Capital Letters A capital letter is used: * to begin a sentence. Here we are. + for days of the week, months and public holidays. Friday, August, New Year + for names of people and places. [My teacher's name is Sally and she’s from Chester, Vermont. *+ for people's titles. (Mrand Mrs Parker; Dr Mortimer; Professor Riggs; etc. + for nationalities and languages. They are Chilean, He's fluent in German and Russian. Note: The personal pronoun lis always a capital letter, Gus and fre going on holiday together. Full stop (.) Aull stop is used + to end a sentence that is not a question or an exdamation. Were having a great time. You con never get bored here in Rio. ‘+ after abbreviations. Mr Jones is @ great teacher. ‘Comma (,) A comma is used + to separate words ina list We need sugar, milk, tomatoes and opple juice. + to separate a non-essential relative clause (ie. a clause giving extra information which is not essential to the meaning of the main clause) from the main clause. Tony, who is @ doctor, lives in Africa + after certain joining words/transitional phrases (e.g. in addition to this, moreover, for example, however, in conclusion, ete) “Moreover, Jenny is very patient with children + when if-clauses or other dependent clauses begin with compound or complex sentences. Ifyou have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask. Note: No comma is used, however, when they follow the main clause, + toseparate tag questions from the rest of the sentence. Mr Stevens is your maths teacher, isn’t he? ‘+ before the words asked, said, etc when followed by direct speech, “Turn down the music,” said Sarah. Question Mark (2) A question mark is used: + toend a direct question. Where are the children? Rules for Punctuation Exclamation Point (!) ‘An exclamation point is used: + toend an exclamatory sentence (ie. a sentence showing admiration, surprise, joy, anger, et) That's oie! What awful weather! Quotation Marks (* *" Single quotes are used: + when you are quoting someone in direct speech (nested quotes). “Then Helen said, ‘Are you sure this is the right address?”* Double quotes are used: * indirect speech to report the exact words someone said “what's your name?” she asked him. Colon () Acolonis used: + tointroduce als. There were thee of us on the boat: my brother, my cousin yn and me, Brackets () Brackets are used! + to separate extra information from the rest of the sentence. The most popular nevspopers (ie. The New York Times, The Observer, etc) can be found almost anywhere in the world Apostrophe (') An apostrophe is used + in short forms to show that one or more letters or numbers have been left out. ‘am) writing to complain about. She lft for Italy in the winter of 98. (=1998) + before or after the possessive -s to show ownership or the relationship between people. Tom's car, my friend's husband (singular noun +s) my parents’ friends (plural noun +’) ‘women’s dresses (irregular plural + ’s) GR14American English - British English Guide eared erie ear Baar Nn P Secount bitaccount Pants/trousers trousers airplane aeroplane Pantyhose/nyons tignts anypiace/anywhere anyuhere barking lot carpark apertment fist pavement fad surface : pederiian crossing Sra crossing Jae SnSTRRERS potato) chips ess fauneote) dressing 9 public school state school bil Banknote purse ena Bion thousand milion billon=milion milion Bad : sy (phone) engaged (phone) Palo railway ee it restroom {ollevoakroom Calliphone ring upiphone s an tin Sales lerk/sales git shop assistant ‘andy sweets Schedule timetable heck Bill Gestaurant) Shorts (anderwear) pants dloset wararobe Sewale baverent Connect (telephone) put through Stand line aueue cookie Biseut store, shop shop con sweetcorn, maize subway underground ray mod , > tuck lorry, van desk der receptionist to weeks, forenighttwo weeks dessert pudding/desser’sweet ¥ Sowntown {ity} centre vacation holidays) ‘rapes curtai vacuum (.) hoover ‘rugstore/pharmacy chemist’ (shop) vacuum debe teow ‘duplex Semidetached = SO E w apene jubergine ‘with or without (milk/cream black or white i " in coffee) F y ae ana yard garden fist floor, second floor, ete ground ler, first foorete | 2 flashlight foren (oronounced, “2ee") (oronounces, French fries chips a0 rough frent desk (hotel) reception ap code posteode 6 Sarbageltrash rubbish Garbage can ustbinbin (cramnenar oa pevrl sataminer. 25 station Petrol staion/garage He just went out / He has just gone out rade Aassiyear He has ust gone out. 1 intermission intewal Hello, is this Steve? Hello, is that Steve? intersection crossroads 7 Do you have a or?/ Have you got @ car? janitor ‘caretaker/porter Have you got a car? k Kerosene paraffin Spelling L aluminum aluminium Tawyeriattorney solicitor aralyee analyse line queue center cee lost and found fost property check cheque a color élour “ ae Sonor Foner make a reservation ook oer jewellery motorcycle motorbike/motorcycle peesiceiy pacity movie film ail racist movie house/theater cinema bet it — N tire tyre newsstand newsagent traveler Cavell 2, Expressions with prepositions and particles ice doctor'sidentis’'s) surgery ofhes oars See a different from/than different fromito open tat acne’ live on X street live in X street ona team ina team fn the weekend at the weekend Monday through Friday Monday to Friday GR1500 feat el feel bt fol fal fax! fel Al bo fal foul fo faut fof el ial fo fod ial fol ww Ja) mK bs) fal A ‘al les! In (ds) A Vowels care, rare, scare, dare, fare, share name, face, table, lake, take, day, age, ache, late, snake, make apple, bag, hat, man, flat, lamp, fat, hand, black, cap, fan, cat, actor, factor, manner ball, wall, cal, tall, small, hall, warn, walk, also, chalk want, wash, watch, what, wasp alarm, away, America arms, dark, bar, star, car, ask, last, fast, glass, far, mask ‘egg, end, hen, men, ten, bed, leg, tell, penny, pet, bell, pen, tent in, ill, ink, it, is, hill, city, sixty, fifty, li lift, silly, chilly git, sir, skirt, shirt, bird ice, kite, white, shine, bite, high, kind home, hope, bone, joke, note, rope, nose, tone, blow, know, no, cold on, ox, hot, top, chop, clock, soft, often, box, sock, wrong, fox ‘owl, town, clown, how, brown, now, cow book, look, foot room, spoon, too, tooth, food, moon, boot blood, flood floor, door ‘turn, fur, urge, hurl, burn, burst up, uncle, ugly, much, such, run, jump, duck, jungle, hut, mud, luck pull, push, full, cushion unique, union sky, fly, fry, try, shy, cry, by Consonants box, butter, baby, bell, bank, black ‘at, coal, cll, calm, cold cell, city, pencil, circle down, duck, dim, double, dream, drive, drink fat, fan, first, food, lift, fifth 91255, goat, go, gold, big, dog, glue, get, give gem, gin, giant heat, hit, hen, hand, perhaps BUT hour, honest, dishonest, heir jam, just, job, joke, jump keep, king, kick lift, let, look, lid, clever, please, plot, black, blue, slim, silly sh ch ph ng nk WI iw) a 7] al fil seit saul fell feat bt saul il fav! pl pil bt bt A Aw at ty) tok Pronunciation map, man, meat, move, mouse, market, some, small, smell, smile next, not, tenth, month, kind, snake, snip, noon, run pay, pea, pen, poor, pink, pencil, plane, please quack, quarter, queen, question, quiet rat, rich, roof, road, ready, cry, grass, bring, fry, carry, red, read sit, set, seat, soup, snow, smell, glass, dress, goose houses, cousin, husband ‘two, ten, tooth, team, turn, tent, tool, trip, train, tree veal, vet, vacuum, vote, arrive, live, leave, view water, wat, wish, word, world youth, young, yes, yacht, year 200, zebra, buzz, crazy Diphthongs ear, near, fear, hear, clear, year, dear, beer, cheer, deer eat, each, heat, leave, clean, seat, neat, tea, keep, feed, free, tree, three, bee eight, freight, weight, vein height pain, sai, tail, main, bait, fail, mail pear, wear, bear ‘earth, pearl, learn, search die, tie, lie tough, touch, enough, couple, cousin, trouble mouse, house, round, trout, shout, doubt il, boil, toil, soil, coin, choice, voice, join boy, joy, toy, annoy, employ court, bought, brought naughty, caught, taught Double letters shell, ship, shark, sheep, shrimp, shower cheese, chicken, cherry, chips, chocolate photo, dolphin, phone, elephant thief, throne, three, bath, cloth, earth, tooth the, this, feather thing, king, song, sing think, tank, bank father, mother, brother, GR16WF1 Neyo) eu eee + Prefixes are syllables which we add before certain words to form new words. The meaning of the new word depends on the prefix that has been used. anti- = against (anti-social) bi- = two (bi-monthly) co- = with (co-star) counter-= in the opposite direction (counter-argument) ex: = previous, former (ex-wife) inter- between (intercontinental) jone wrongly or badly (misjudge) ne (monorail) any (multimedia) not (non-verbal) ‘out- = more, better (outrun) ‘over = (done) to a great extent (overcook) post- = after (post-war) pre: = before (pre-war) in favour of (pro-European) again (redo) half (semi-circle) under, less (sub-zer0) ig, more (superhuman) ravel) from one side, group, etc to another (transatlantic) ‘tris three (tripod) under- = not enough (underdeveloped) uni- = one (unidirectional) The prefixes below are used to express opposite meanings. de- — deforest, desensitise dis- disagree, dissimilar ins insincere, incomplete BUT il- (before 1) illegible \rm- (before b, m, p) impolite, imbalance ir- (before t) irrational BUT unrest, unrestricted non-existent, non-stop un- uncomfortable, unlucky non- Some prefixes are added to words to form verbs. en rich - enrich BUT em- (before b, m, p) power - empower * Suffixes are syllables which we add to the end of certain words to form new words. = Nouns referring to people verb + -er/-or/-ar (drive - driver, conduct - conductor, le - liar) © noun/verb/adjective + -ist (novel - novelist, cycle cyclist, social - socialist) ‘* verb + -ant/-ent (claim - claimant) © noun + -an/-ian (Rome - Roman, politic - politician) « verb + -ce (passive meaning) (escape - escapee) = Nouns formed from verbs -age break - breakage val arrive - arrival ance perform - performance -ation represent - representation sence confide- confidence ion complete - completion -ment — pay - payment -sion extend ~ extension (verbs ending in -d/-t) -sis diagnose - diagnosis tion delete - deletion ure seize - seizure -y discover - discovery ~ Nouns formed from adjectives ance arrogant - arrogance ~y accurate - accuracy ence confident - confidence -ion perfect - perfection -iness happy ~ happiness -ness shy ~ shyness “ity equal - equality sty safe- safety y jealous - jealousy ~ Adjectives formed from nouns -ous courage - courageous -al person - personal ic hygiene - hygienic ical myth - mythical -ish itl - girlish -ive excess - excessive “ul (with) meaning - meaningful -less (without) meaning - meaningless -ant importance - important -able comfort - comfortable ¥ hand - handy ly time - timely ~ Adjectives formed from verbs -able count - countable -ible comprehend - comprehensible (verbs ending in -d/-t) ive dismiss - dismissive -ate consider - considerate -ent depend ~ dependent = Verbs formed from adjectives -en bright - brighten -ise immobile - immobilise - Verbs formed from nouns -en length - lengthen7 18 19 20 2 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ET] 32 33 34 35 36 7 38 39 40 Mey MEL) Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. {As her parents speak different languages she grew up to be wn... The students were asked to .. the main points inthe article. Don't .. .. him. He's cleverer than he looks. The manager was shocked by the amount of. to his ideas. May | introduce you to an .. of mine, Mr Moran? Our kitchen was flooded because of a in the pipes. know a good tailor who could your trousers for you. Emma couldn't help being .. .» of her friend's glamorous lifestyle. He was a brilliant mathematician and helped ... many secret messages from the Germans during WWIl Ihave to wait in for a special . Itis .. He decided to .. from the postman today. that she is unhappy in her new job. . with the police and tell them the truth. Despite his .. , Simon is excellent at playing sport. Pauline isa .. ina world famous cookery competition. ‘Anyone caught taking money from the tl faces instant .. There is alot of ... the banking industry. Diana is very I think the price ofthis dress is very . I really do believe that travel will. Asan .. Ben lst his job at the bank for being . I'm having a meeting with my _- surrounding the govemment’s plans for and enjoys playing lots of sport for such good quality material. sno Your horizons. company, we do business all over the world and lazy. this afternoon about my tax return. at the meeting was lower than expected. is not always the best policy. sosees tO learn, calculations by midday tomorrow. Many polltidansss seem to think that IF you want to do well at school you must show a Please hand in the .. The police did not think her story was very « Students who repeatedly .. school for detention. Due to compulsory education, there is now much less It took months of during lessons will be kept after sos in society. to arrange her dream wedding. What a .u Seeing you here! She tearfully protested her to the court. Iewas very ... “to eat the rest of the cake and not leave any. This spray is an ..... They're building anew You can’t walk in such high shoes. They're totally Carol has been working as a icengseeiecn steers for over ten years. John Kennedy's . “occurred in Dallas, Texas, in 1963. You're always breaking things! I'm really fed up of your John sounds very _-when he shouts and points his finger at people like that. way to stop pests destroying garden plants. in the city. It runs on only one track. LINGUAL, SUMMARY ESTIMATE RESIST ACQUAINT BLOCK ‘SHORT ENVY CODE DELIVER APPEAR OPERATE ABILITY FINAL DISMISS SECRET ATHLETE REASON BROAD NATIONAL COMPETENT ACCOUNT ATTEND HONEST WILLING MATHEMATICS . CREDIT BEHAVE LITERACY PREPARE COINCIDE INNOCENT SELF EFFECT RAIL PRACTICAL LIBRARY ASSASSINATE ‘cLUMSY AGGRESSION WF2Mer M tyre) It was .. .» of Kate to leave you waiting outside in the cold for so long. CONSIDER Britain has become a ne snninnnnnen SOCiety With lots of different CULTURE cultures existing side by side. All company ... . .. must make sure to use their swipe cards EMPLOY whenever they leave the building. Buying property is always a good .... dct ad I INVEST It’s absolute .. 0 say that | treated you badly. | did SENSE not and you know it ‘An important aspect of environmental conservation is protecting plant and animal * DIVERSE On my uni course, women ... men. There are at NUMBER least twice as many women. Jane's behaviour in the restaurant was absolutely. on DISGRACE Ifyou . again this month, | won't lend you any money. SPEND ‘Too many companies .... Hs 3 .. their employees. VALUE Some women get .. “depression after the birth of a baby. NATAL The sound of the onne - ..... Was heard over 10 miles away. EXPLODE Britain is still an country and most people live in cities. INDUSTRY There are a large wows Of summer dresses in the shops VARY After a painful divorce Lisa decided there was little chance of her wanting to MARRY Jumping off the 2nd floor balcony was an .... stupid thing to do, BELIEVABLE The politician denied that there was any .. for the BASE allegations made against him Angela was . .» after being hit on the head. She could hear her CONSCIOUS attackers talking, but she couldn't make out what they were saying. Ever since Karl quit university his life has been ... . AIM He needs to decide what he wants to do. It must be a bit strange working as a sailor on a MARINE and living so many metres under the sea. A lot of people are very ... ... about politics and how IGNORANCE democracy works. For your own .. please do not carry heavy items in the lift. SAFE It's the job of the police to .. the law. FORCE Paul is waiting for a kidney donor so that he can haVe @ ..nsnnnsn PLANT He will be remembered for the ;, . he showed to helping DEDICATE others less fortunate than himself. This mobile phone is .. . It doesn’t work properly. USE Our from the port was delayed because of a dangerous storm. DEPART After months of not eating properly Suzannah was seriously ... . WEIGH | found the course I did on public speaking very sven” POWER and | gained a lot of confidence. Donald Trump is a very . businessman, WEALTH The .. .» ate let into the yard for exercise for one hour a day. PRISON Mr Minfry has been a .. of this village for ten years. RESIDE2B 4 75 16 7 78 9 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 1 92 93 94 5 96 97 98 99 100 eye MelaueL ey) The minister said that the unemployment figures were reported .... in the media and that he had the real figures. The fruit of this tree is not . Kyle is very .. It's time you cleaned your room. It's very One of the reasons you keep getting i enough. Louisa is DOME nnn James claims to be a The judge warned the witness not to withholding information about the case. Rowan Atkinson is a famous British ...... I'm absolutely «that you kept me waiting here for over an hour! Oh, my mobile phone isn’t working, | think | need to the battery. The investigation into the murder is being led by Varence of the Metropolitan police. Why do some people think it's acceptable to .. people's property? Please let me know if you require any Kim and Dan’s party was i Our holiday . Jason is a very to play professionally one day. Lady Carter works ... who are not as fortunate in life as she is Pethaps you should . Thad a completely that could've gone wrong, did go wrong. He lost his job and became homeless. Now, he's a ... on the streets of London. In his speech, the director praised her for her vn: to the company in her 30 years service as a manager. The USA gained ...from Great Britain on 4th July, 1776. The _ reserve the right to refuse admission to the premises. Your first job will be to put all the files in the cabinet in... . order. Bella isa ... fora popular national newspaper. Thomas like his sandwiches cut into rather than squares. .. a8 itis poisonous. for his age. He acts like a three-year-old! .. TIDY . HEALTH because you don’t eat .. .. that she will pass her driving test today. people all the time. You're not perfect either! . of King George lll of England. ' the court by f their fifth wedding anniversary. was very luxurious. We even had a jacuzzi in the room. .-. football player and he hopes for charity to help people your tie a bit, Chris. t looks very tight. day at work today. Everything ACCURATE EAT MATURE CONFIDENCE CRITIC DESCEND LEAD COMEDY FURY CHARGE INSPECT VANDAL . ASSIST CELEBRATE ACCOMMODATE SKILL TIRE LOOSE DISASTER BEG LOYAL INDEPENDENT MANAGE ALPHABET REPORT ANGLE WF4-Key Word Transformations Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and other words to complete the sentence. 1. People say a ghost haunts the graveyard. SAID A ghost the graveyard. 2. Although it was snowing, we stil went fora walk. OF In ., we still went for a walk. 3. He could talk by the time he was 6 months old. ABLE He ... snenaanesoncogee by the time hhe was 6 months old. 4 We really must close up the shop now. TIME It’s "the shop now. 5 eave early so that | avoid the rush hour traffic ORDER eave early the rush hour traffic 6 Anice man told us how to get to our hotel. DIRECTIONS We sow OUF hotel by a nice man. 7 You'd better hurry up or we won't catch the start of the play. ‘WILL if you .. isthe start of the play. & She had never been abroad before. FIRST Mais he ‘had ever been abroad. 9. Frank is worried that he won't be able to keep up with his work. BEHIND Frank is worried he wi his work 10 You shouldn't talk badly about your boss. WRONG It's. about your boss. 11. James doesn’t agree with what Carol did. APPROVE James 12 Has Kerry decided to change jobs? MIND Has Kerry out changing jobs? 413. “Tewas me who took the lat biscuit” said yan. ADMITTED — Ryan .. a the last biscuit. KWT1 44 He got the job because he could speak four languages. DUE He got the job ... he could speak four languages. 45. She didn’t do the ironing in the hope of leaving earlier. so She didn’t do the ironing earlier. 16 This food reminds me of my holiday in Rome. BRINGS This food . of my holiday in Rome. 17. My friends all like the new café. POPULAR — The new café... my friends. 48 He spent ages repairing his old motorbike. TOOK PE ss . his old motorbike. 49 "You had better report it to the police,” she said to him. ADVISED She .. (0 the police. 20 As long as you practise your driving, you may pass your test. PROVIDED You may pass your test... your driving. 21. My sister cut my hair. HAD His by my sister. red the place Robert Louis 22. In Scotland, we vi Stevenson wrote Treasure Island. When we were in Scotland we saw th WHERE oe yas written. 23. don't realy want to goto the cinema. PREFER 24 It was a mistake for me to change jobs. SHOULD W eseee 25_ It's your duty to call the supplier RESPONSIBLE You .... 1 su the supplier.26 2 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 LOA ORE ene Luis He described the event in great detail DESCRIPTION He ... ... the event. advance, there As long as you inform him should be no trouble. LeT Provided ..... sw in advance, there should be no trouble. She put a lot of time and thought into finding him the perfect present. EFFORT She .. into finding him the perfect present. Al this running around has exhausted me. WORN ._all this running around. All my colleagues came to my party except Brian. WHO Brian was the ... come to my party. She intends to go back to work after a year INTENTION It .. ack to work after a year. It wasn't necessary for you to wrap the gift WRAPPED You .. the gift. The film pitch failed to impress the producers. SUCCEED — The film pitch the producers. You should have gone to the doctor. BETTER It. cnssws YOU had gone to the doctor. My brother will let me use his computer. OBJECT My brother using his fomnpiiter We would never have gone to the restaurant if you hadn’t recommended it. FOR But... we would ever have gone to the restaurant, They will probably buy the house. UKELY They . the house. I'm sorry but there is no sugar left. RUN I'm sorry we nae . sugar. 39 His room is much bigger than mine. NEARLY — My roomisn’t 7 soe his, 40 He studied medicine in order to become a doctor. VIEW He studied medicine wa doctor 41 {have never read such an interesting book. FAR Thi .. book | have ever read. is completely empty. There ... seve LEFT the tn. 43 You can plead all you want, but | am rot letting you use the car. MATTER 1am not letting you use the car, . plead. 44 The lawyer made me wait for three hours before he saw me. KEPT The lawyer .. .. hours before he saw me. 45 They just sat watching television all day NOTHING They .. watch television all day. 46. You'll have no difficulty following the recipe EASY You'll find 47 Sarahis very sory she got her hair dyed. REGRETS Sarah hair dyed. 48 When did you last hear from them? SINCE How long 49 \had never driven a car before. FIRST It 2 had ever driven a car. 50 | apologised for breaking the vase. SORRY | breaking the vase. 51. | might go to Spain this summer POSSIBILITY There 4 sseusaseenne JO tO Spain this summer. 52. | can‘t wait til the schoo! holidays start. FORWARD I'm really «ncn the schoo! holidays. 53. She made them go to the back of the queve. WERE They .... . the back of the queue. WT2K | can't meet you for coffee tonight. IMPOSSIBLE It’s you for coffee tonight. This caris cheap and efficent. ONLY This car is vs : efficient, Both parties agreed on the decision. FULL Both parties were ... the decison. The cits said tis is the best book ever written, SUPPOSED This .. written according to the critics. Malcolm is very surprised he got the job. THOUGHT — Malcolm never ... My parents said | could goto the concert. PERMISSION My parents .. to the concert. It’s a good idea to keep the cake inthe fidge. SHOULD The cake he a in the fridge. Considering that Alan is so short, you must admit he's doing well in the basketball team. ACCOUNT If you . short Alan is, You must admit he's doing well in the basketball team. “"'m saving for a holiday so | shouldn't buy this dress,” Mary said, BETTER “I'm saving for a holiday, so 1... this dress,” Mary said. Shall | make you a coffee? TO Would you a coffee? His boss won't tolerate his tardiness any longer. PUT His boss won't .. rn any longer. The two cats look the same to me. TELL 1 _ between the two cats, This mistake wasn't his fault BLAME Hi he mistake. Me Meee ue Loe 67 I drove at night because | didn’t want to get stuck in traffic. AVOID — I drove at night nnn stuck in traffic. She posted her vote too late, soit didnt count in the election. RESULT She posted her vote too late, ee seo it didn't count in the election. Richard definitely won't win the race. CHANCE — Richard ha - vs .. the race. | prefer sitcoms to documentaries. PREFERENCE | have a oe documentaries. Fruit is not as fattening as chocolate, Less Fruit Gary was responsible for tidying up the lab CHARGE — Gary was ... We enjoyed ourselves alot at the bowing alley TIME We... Ge «at the bowling alley. She isn't as quiet as she was when she was younger. USED She It’s possible that she didn’t hear you. MAY She .. I'm sure it wasn’t Kate | saw at the cinema HAVE It. sun Kate I saw at the cinema They were delayed by a traffic jam for five hours. HELD They a traffic jam for five hours. They enjoyed the day trp tothe 200 very much FUN They day trip to the 200. It was easy for him to replace the plug. DIFFICULTY He he plug. It isn’t worth seeing ‘that film, it isn’t any good. POINT —Thereis... that film it isnt any good.Sentence Completion A, Here are some sentences about a man who 5. Adam has to work late tonight so he won't go is studying abroad. For each question, out. complete the second sentence so that it HEAMaM nncsnnnnsnen to work late tonight, means the same as the first. Use no more he'd go out. than three words. Example (C._ Here are some sentences about a woman © Steven moved abroad at the age of twenty. who has a healthy lifestyle. For each Steven was twenty when he moved abroad. question, complete the second sentence so 1 Some of the local food is so spicy that Steven that it means the same as the first. Use no can't eat it. more than three words. ‘Some of the local food is .. Steven to eat. 2 Steven often dreamt about living abroad as a Example 0 I've never seen a faster runner than Emma. Emma is the fastest runner | have ever seen. child. z 1 Emma hasn't eaten junk food for five years. Steven .. .. dream about living The Emma ate junk food abroad as a child was five years ago. 3. Steven is studying geography abroad and so is >How long sit since Emma joined the gym? ean - HOW ...cscseceeueeeee did Emma join the gym? ott son F eat) ing) 3. [fit doesn’t stop raining, Emma can’t go running, geography abroa ‘ Emma can’t go running «0mm Faining. 4 Its the first time that Steven has lived on his 4 Emma can't wait to run the marathon this year own. fs Emma is looking forward .. Steven .. lived on his own before bcs ta the marathon this year. 5. Steven's apartment is not far from the university. 1h.) Oipesnbai net aig ee ial Renee ENE: Fe Emma asked Me wren tO go jogging university ve : ete ate aor per terices\auaut|a teen ase D Here are some sentences about crime in the who has a part-time job in a fast food restaurant. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. city. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example 0 | wasn’t close enough to see the thieves. The thieves were too far away for me to see them. 1 The robbers had already escaped when the police arrived. The robbers escaped the police arrived. Example 0 Adam mustn’t use his mobile phone at work. ‘Adam is not allowed to use his mobile phone at work. 1. Adam is the most hardworking member of staff. The other members of staff are .. aeeas 2. Unless the vandals are caught, they will cause 2 Itisn’t necessary for Adam to work on Sundays. set Adam - »- to work on Sundays. If the vandals .... , they will 3. Adam is obliged to wear a uniform forthe job. ket coed AAdaM sone WEAF a Uniform forthe job, ‘ 3. Jack was the only one to help the old lady. Nobody helped the old lady... from Jack, 4 Adam’s uniform is too small for him. ‘Adams uniform isn’t .. v« for him. sclSentence Completion 4 Somebody stole my car while | was in the supermarket. \ i .u Stolen while | was in the supermarket. 5 Why don’t we set up a neighbourhood watch scheme? How ... .. up a neighbourhood watch scheme? [Here are some sentences about a woman who has just moved house. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example 0. Kate and her new neighbours get on very well. Kate gets on very well with her new neighbours. 1 Kate's old house was not as good as her new one. Kate's new house her old one. 2. Kate's mirror broke in the move so she had to buy anew one. Kate's mirror broke in the move and as ... .. she had to buy a new one. 3 Kate arranged for her brothers to help her move the furniture. Kate help her move the furniture 4. Kate would really ike to have a bigger garden. Kate wishes .. a bigger garden. 5 The house Kate bought was more expensive than she expected. Kate bought a house .. more expensive than she expected [> Here are some sentences about a camping trip. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example © Ithad been a long time since | last went camping. | hadn't been camping in a long while. 1 I went with my friends. My friends with me. sc2 2. [forgot to bring a map and so did my friends so we got lost. We got lost because. nor | brought a map. 3 It took us a long time to put the tent up. We spent a long time ...n.mmnu. up the tent. 4 Some strange noises kept me awake. I couldn't sleep... strange noises. 5 | enjoyed camping in the past, but | think I'm ‘too old now. ee I'm too old now. .. some .. enjoy camping, but | think G Here are some sentences about a girl doing voluntary work. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example 0 Julia sent her application form to the voluntary ‘organisation by post. Julia's application form was sent to the voluntary organisation by post. 1 It was necessary for her to go through training. She go through training. 2. People think she is one of the best volunteers Ibsen .u She is one of the best volunteers 3 "We're really glad to have you here,” the manager said to her. The manager told her that they to have her there. 4. Julia's friends have started working with her in the soup kitchen. Both Julia .. soup kitchen. 5 She can’t volunteer for more shifts because she doesn’t have more free time. She .. more free time so she could volunteer for more shifts, are working in the[1 Here are some sentences about a boy going travelling. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words, Example 0 Billy spent a long time planning the trip to Thailand. It took Billy a long time to plan the trip to Thailand. 1 He had never been on such an amazing trip before. This was .. trip he had ever been on. 2. Billy couldn’t wait to ride an elephant. Billy was looking forward ... an elephant. 3. He couldn't think about anything else. He wasn't ... think about anything else. 4. Billy was very excited arriving in Bangkok. When Billy... cess iM Bangkok, he was very excited, 5 He fell down the steps of the plane and broke his leg because he was excited, If he hadn't been so excited, he would - . down the steps and broken his leg. the most amazing Here are some sentences about a trip to the ‘opera. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example 0 This was our first time attending the opera. We had never attended the opera before. 1 The opera had been in town for 2 weeks before we went. We went to the opera 2 weeks it arrived in town. 2A hairdresser styled the ladies’ hair for the event. The ladies... .» Styled for the event. Sentence Com ich 3. We booked seats online. They were at the front of the theatre, The SARS, nsonncnnnn at the front of the theatre. 4. The story was difficult for me to understand. Thad great difficulty .. the story. 5 Everyone really enjoyed the evening The evening nnn BY everyone. online, were Here are some sentences about a boy trying an extreme activity. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Example 0 This is Craig. He is an experienced rock climber. Craig is someone who is an experienced rock ing experience climbing to the top of a mountain, He thinks . the top of a mountain is an amazing experience. 2 He wanted to try ice-climbing on his own, but it’s too dangerous. He wanted to try ice-climbing by ... but it’s too dangerous 3 He impressed the instructor with his progress. The instructor .. .. with his progress. 4 He will always remember the first time he tried ice-climbing. He will never .» ice-climbing for the first time. 5. It won't be long before Craig goes ice-climbing again. Craig plans. ice climbing again very soon, SG@3)WL1 Word List (adi) adjective | (det) determiner | (phe) phrase (pln) pluro!noun | (prep) preposition | (sth) something Abbreviations] (adv) adverb | (esp) especially |(phrv) phrasal |(pp) past (pro) pronoun | (usu) usually (Con) conjunction |(n) noun verb participle |(sb) somebody |(v) verb | Module 1 beat hit (¥) = to defeat smokejumper snaskssamp)(n) = @ brave fe (ad) = bold, courageous special type of firefighter 1(p.7) bravely ei (adv) =in a courage manner sports coach /spxs kai (a) = a person 7 bucket ba’ (n) =a container for who trains people in sports pe ee ied eae een es carrying water stay calm (phr) = not be angry, worried ‘camp counsellor ikem tains (n) =a person who supervises children at ‘an organised holiday centre court fst (n) = area where you play a sport customer /ksiano’(n) = sb who buys ‘goods or services, from a shop, company, etc dangerous jens (ad demanding (én: (ad lot of energy difficult (riko (ad) = hard to do easy iz (adj) = not difficult firefighter fatal (n) = person whose jb isto put out fires flight attendant ja aendo (0) = steward, ar hostess interesting fines (ad) = that attracts your attention Judge fs. (n) = sb who makes the decisions in court look after kta (phr v) = take care of obey the law (phr) = follow legal rules ‘operate (on) fer on/(¥) = to perform surgery passenger /pssonsy (n) = a person travelling on a bus, plane, etc photograph tornadoes (phr) = take pictures with a camera of tornadoes police officer iiss (n) = member of the police force put out jut a (phe v) = extinguish shop assistant op assony () = sb whose jb is to sell things in a shop storm chaser /s2m sf (n) = sb who photographs tornadoes, hurricanes, ete supervise separ (¥) = to make sure a jb is done property surgeon saan (n) = a doctor who performs operations on people well paid jc! peut (ad) = gets a good wage ‘1a (pp. 8:9) annoyed sno (adj) = irritated artist fara (n) = word used to describe 4 painter, a musician or a sculptor background /iskyrani () = the kind of family sb comes from backpack rhekpel (n) = a bag strapped to the back caring /hcony (ad) = considerate conditions nn (pn) = circumstances ‘creative rien’ (ad) = able to invent and develop original ideas deal with iw, wil (phr v) = to handle develop ideas (phr) = think of and explain plans/actions drop ki (v) = to become less duty dui (n) = sth that you have to do elite liv (ad = the best of their kind equipment jriwpmon/(n) = a set of necessary things for a particular purpose face mask riers mes (n) = a covering for the front part of the head fight a fire (phr) = try to extinguish flames Fire Service (ian ssvi/(n) = an organisation responsible for putting out fires fire zone fis zn (n) = an area on fire fit (adj) = healthy and in good physical condition get annoyed (phr) = become angry ‘get paid well (phr) = earn a good wage helmet ein (n) = a hard hat that protects your head improve jmp (v) = to become better long hours (phr) = until late Tow wages (los weuss (n) = little money from work ‘nurse /nss/(n) = a hospital healthcare worker on his oven (phr) = alone organised ayaa (ad) = efficient padded ipsa! (ad) = thick Parachute /pejut (v)= to jump from a plane with a device of cloth and strings patient /pan (ad) = able to remain «alm without complaining even if sth takes a long time polite (pia (ad) = kind put out ip sw’ (phr v) = extinguish quality rvs (n) = characteristic read a map (ph) = understand ‘drawing of an area remote area inmates (n) =a place far away from other places risk sk (v) = to put in danger secretary (slr (n) = a person employed to do office work shift ju (n) = time period during a day when sb works or excited taxi driver sks ant (n) =a person who drives people where they want to go fora living tool ju (n) = a piece of equipment you hold in your hand to do a particular job tough jt (ad) = difficult tough job (ur wot (n) = difficult ‘occupation train raw (v) = to practise, to prepare for ajab or sport training jenny (n) = practice with a team (phr) = as part of a group 4b (pp. 10-11) analyse f(y) carefully camcorder (kms (n) = a portable video camera curious’ (ad) wanting to know more about sth device jv (n) = an object made for a particular purpose enthusiastic ndjurixsuk! (ad) = eager exist yz (v) = to live explanation jespsnaan(n) = reason for sth fascinated (teen (ad) = very interested by sth find out and wl (phr v) = to discover ghost hunting jgat han (n) = looking {or spirits of the dead hang out jes ww (phrv) = to spend a lot of time in a place hillside usu (n) = the side of a raised area of ground hotspot /haspa/(r) =a busy place for a certain thing in fact (phr) = actually interested (in) fnsosod (ad) = wanting to know about sth interview witness (phr) = ask questions cof sb who saw sth investigate jnvesigew (0) = to look into sth involve jnvoly (\) = to get sb to take part in sth join a club (phr) = become a member of ‘an organisation metal detecting nl dicks) (n) = looking for metal under the ‘ground with a special device to study sthWord List meteor (miss (n) = a lump of rock/metal from space military plane jms pln (n) = an army plane ‘mostly ‘nus (adv) = generally patient pea (ad) = able to remain calm without complaining even if sth takes a long time planet /pteny (n) = very large mass of soil, gas, and other materials, which orbits around the sun possibility xsi (n) = chance record information (phr) = make notes of facts about sth robot building ‘rai hid (n) = making a machine that is programmed to perform tasks on its own rooftop /rusioy(n) = outside part of the top of a building science fiction juss kj (n) = stories about events in the future or in space shape sje’ (n) = the physical form of a surface or an object ing (say (n) = an occasion when sth unusual is seen spot isp (v) = a small round coloured mark strange object (ph) = unusual thing take up (ick sp/(phrv) = start doing a hobby telescope ielakun/(n) =a device to see far away tornado chasing jveido fers (n) = following tornadoes UFO hunting jj: ef nu (n) = looking for spaceships te (p. 12) accommodation akomnsée1/n (a) = buildings/rooms where people stay assistant /ossony (n) = helper available svcbiol (ad) = able to be found/used average wage /avcris wey (n) = typical salary camp counsellor snp suns (n) =a person who supervise children at an organised holiday centre campus fxs (n) = area of land that contains the main buildings of a university cash /kxj/(n) = money cashier xj! (n) = person who customers ay money to in a shop or bank clerk jst (n) = an office/bank worker customer service /issans ‘nay (n) = an ‘area of work that involves helping customers delivery jaa (n) = bringing goods to sb's house earn ni (v) = get sth that you deserve experience jikspoveny (n) = gained knowledge or skill graduate /yredie/ (¥) = to get a degree from a college or university ideal ado (ad = perfect intl (0) = period of practical training under supervision law fir san (n) = legal business make a delivery (ph) = take sth to sb’s house offer ty (v) = to propose or give or do sth for sb Part-time jp tan (ad) = for a few hours a week profession pesto (n) = job research fn is (n) = careful study room and board nim ad tou (n) = lodgings and food wait tables (phr) work as a waiterwaitress 1d(p.13) apply (for) pa (¥) = write a leter to ask formally for sth (be) in touch (ph) = contact have a seat (phr) = sit down on a chair have experience in (phr) = worked at sth before honest fons (ad) = sb who always tells the truth interviewer Psiovval (a) = person who asks sb questions during a formal meeting job applicant sb pio (n) = person Who applies for employment letter of recommendation (ph reference letter reliable jnlastl (ad) = trustworthy te (pp. 14-15) air tank feo esi (n) = a container of air for breathing bark iba (v) = to make a loud noise (dog) break a record (phr) = to beat al the previous best results ‘arty on jkesi iw (phr v) = to continue ‘champion /ieapion (n) = sb who has won frst prize in a competition ‘come naturally (phr) = find sth easy to do deep breath jain txt (n) = the action of filling your lungs with air distraction jdrwceAfon (n) = sth that turns your attention from sth else dive daw! (v) = to go under the surface of the sea, a lake, etc double in size (ph) = become twice as big environmental campaign jnvarooment ‘ame (n) =a planned set of activities to help the environment to increase in size expand ise () ‘or number final fant (ad) = the lat ina series of events, things or people flipper mip (n) = one ofthe two fiat body parts of particular sea creatures (e.g penguins) which help them swim freediving (cave (n) = diving in the sea without an oxygen tank goggles fyi! (pI n) = large glasses that protect your eyes from water, wind, etc hold a record (ph) = to have a record or title for being the best at a competition, race, ete hold your breath (phr) = to keep air inside your lungs without letting it out lung iy (n) = each of the two breathing organs in the chest meditate /nsixew/ (v) = to think deeply meditation jmséxeyw (n) = the practice of deep thinking ‘mermaid /nsxmesi (n} = a mythical creature half woman, hal fish motocross /navovkn (n) = a sport during which the athiete rides a motorcycle over rough ground and races against other motorcyclists ‘monofin nonin (n) = a large flipper that two feet fit in motorcycle racing /masisia res (n) = speed competitions between vehicles with twwo wheels and an engine ‘mountain biking /navstn fin (n) = cycling over mountains paragliding pezsaxin) (n) = jumping from a height with a special parachute rock climbing ck hla (n) = the activity of going up cliffs or rocks scenery fsa (n) = landscape set a record (phr) = to achieve the best time, height, etc in an athletic competition shallow sjalos (ad) = not deep shrink inh () = to become smaller silent ‘sion (adj) = without making any sound speed skiing fy sk (n) = the sport of travelling fast on skis street luge sri lus (n) racing downkill lying down surface fsx! (n) = an area that is flat ‘and on the top or the outside great terrific isnt (ad) thet (of) for thrilling nis (ad) = exciting totally iat! (adv) = completely wetsuit nse (n) = rubbersuit for underwater swimming WL2Word List ‘white-water rafting (wat ws watt! (n) = the activity of riding on a raft over rough water windsurfing (wads (n) = sport of ‘moving on surface of sea on a board with a sail A€ (pp. 16-17) charity nf (n) = an organisation that helps people who are in need community suns (n) = the people wio lve in a certain place ‘conservation (sense (n) = the activity of protecting the environment conserve us (¥) = to protect sth from harm, loss or change develop skills (ph) = improve abilities effort etx! (n) = difficulty endangered species inet spit (0) = an animal or plant that may soon become extinct monitor (oats (v) = to watch closely non-profit json prot (a) aim of making money ‘orphan (fe (0) = a child whose parents are dead participate in fpzuspe/ (v) = to join in practical peso (ad) project ost (n) = a task that requires alot of time and effort protect pote unpaid work jsp wai (n) = a job you get no money for volunteer work jis wal (n) = a job that is unpaid for a good cause wildlife research jv n(n) = the study of wild animals 1g (p. 18) animal shelter jevansl jets/(n) = a place where homeless animals can sleep and get food babysitter /tehisia/ (n) = sb who looks after children when the parents are out conservation group {koesean gus (n) = environmental organisation degree jit (n) = a course of study at a college or university, certificate delivery person jisiva pow (n) = sb whose job isto take things to people dishwasher /ijwojs(n) = an electrical piece of equipment that is used to wash dishes dog walker (ag w= (n) = sb whose job is to exercise dogs gardener (yon (n) = sb whose jobis to look after gardens WL3 (grade jew (n) = score/mark from school! exam interest (iacaw! (n) = hobby/free-time activity, learn a language (phr) = study French, German, etc letter of application (phr) = a formal letter to ask for a job lifeguard (trict () = a person whose job is to help swimmers in danger (of drowning at a beach or ‘swimming pool literature stir (n) = novels, play and poetry look your best (ahr) = be well presented maintain eye contact (phr) = keep looking sb inthe eyes make up your mind (about) (ph) = decide married /nssia (ad) = having a husband! wife cation /avssoteja(n) = aparticalar Skil in or knowledge of a subject scuba diving fo dav (1) = swimming underwater with special equipment secret shopper si for () = sb wihose job is to pretend to be a customer to judge a store's service single sy (ed) = unmarried travel abroad (phr) = visit other countries ideo game tester /icias gun tt (n) = sb whose job isto play video games to test them volunteer vasa! n) = sb who gives their time to work for free waitress jwcuss (n) = sb whose job is to serve customers ina café/restaurant ui th(p.19) at sb's convenience (ph) = whenever sb wants best regards (phr) = best wishes current position sat pao (n) = job sb does now find enclosed a copy of my CV (phr) first aid medical treatment get a certificate (phr) = obtain a qualification 4g0 on holiday (phr) = go away to relax and enjoy yourself previous /orivis (adi) = former Yours faithfully (phe) Yours sincerely (phr) 11(p.20) agree (on) ag: n/(v) = to have the same opinion about sth as sb else architect /cictekt (n) = sb whose job is to design buildings artistic ews! (ad blanket /bisod (7 by myself (phr) = alone come up with sm 4p wi, wl (ph v) = think of comfort kan‘ (¥) = to soothe, calm sb creative (kiemw/ (ad) = able to invent and develop original ideas down-to-earth /daunw (ad) = practical electrician tian (n) = sb whose job is to work with electricity ‘engineer (sais (n) =a person whose job is to design or build machines or buildings film director rim dreko, dard (F) = 8D ‘hose job is to tell people how to make a film interest ‘ino (n) = the desire to learn more about sth interior designer ln divans) (n) = sb whose job is to design the decoration of houses key nis (n) = the way sth can be achieved mood jn (n) = emotional state personality types pssinei apy (n) = different characters psychologist jroo (n) = sb whose job isto study the human realistic sist (ad) = believable, lifelike result jt (n) = outcome still ul/(n) = knowledge and ability social worker ss ws (n) = sb whose job isto help people with family problems Sn suf (n) = an answer to a uestion or problem solve a problem (ph) = find an answer for a difficult situation spontaneous /yxterioy (ad) = not planned suit jut, su (v) = to be right for a person, solution or occasion surgeon finn (n) =a doctor who performs operations on people useful jus (aj) = sth or sb that is ood, beneficial eng creative ft, warm covering solut Language in Use 1 (p-21) assist oss (v) = to help assistant sian (n) = sb whose job is to help sb else attend (tei (v) = to be present attendant iin (n) = sb whose job is ‘to help people in a particular place break down jive dan (pht v) = (of 8 machine) to stop working breakin veiw (phr v) = to force entry somewhere break into fie ny (phrv) = enter a building by forceWord List break out {vik au (phr v) = to start suddenly break up /ircik sp (phr v) = to split ito smaller parts bring about jy shaw (phrv) = to cause to happen bring off nm >4/(phr v) = to do sth successfully bring (sb) around jy sunboi saunl (Phe ¥)= to regain consciousness or persuade sb bring up bay sy (phr v) = to look after @ child until they become an adult by force (phr) = using alot of energy/ violence to do sth electric test (ad) = needing electricity to work electrician /elinjo (n) = sb whose job is to work with electricity ‘employ jmp! (V) = to give sb a job ‘employee jini, enplri(n) = sb who works for sb else gently identi (adv) = softly interview jj (n) = a meeting at which sbis asked questions interviewee jovi: (n) = a person asked questions at an interview ‘magic /neési/(n, ad) = having special powers ‘magician json (n) = a person with magical powers ‘mind inand!() = to object to sth persuade inswent (v) = to make sb agree to do sth raise a child (ph) = to bring up a young person regain consciousness (phr) = to wake up after being unconscious sculpt al (¥) = to cave from stone sculptor isa (n) = a person who carves fiom stone/wood tour fus/(n, v)= a journey to interesting places; to go on a journey to interesting places tourist fuses (n) = a person who is @ visitor to a place for interest Skills Practice 4 (p. 22-23) banged-up yds (pp) = battered body part oli p(n) = arm, leg, hand, etc ‘bunch /banj/(n) = 2 group of things that are fastened or held together career path fans pas (n) = the course of sb’s professional life creaky (irl (ad) = making a noise when it moves, death-defying stunt (de diay sua (0) = a very risky action do stunts (phr) = perform dangerous! exciting actions enrolment jniulnoe(n) = the process of signing up for a course flip i (¥) = to turn 180 Infected jek (ad) = having germs! bacteria lation jes (n) = the process by hich sb becomes a member of a group location ftw (n) = place ‘on the edge of (phr) = at the outermost part of sth requirement jrkwaisnon(n) = necessity set (sth) on fire (ph) = to start sth burning severe weather (phr) = bad climate conditions space hpew (n) = an empty area stand out /stzn! wu (ph v) = to be very noticeable stuntman /ssninsen/ (n) = a person whose jb is to perform stunts there's (no) room for (phr) = to be too full for sth vocalist ati (n) = singer Module 2 2(p.25) classic novel /kasicnoval/(n) = well known book ofa high literary standard culture jk (n) = the beliefs, art, philosophiy, etc that belong to a wilisation guided tour /gasd w/ (n) = a tour of a place when sb shows you it and tells you about it take a class (ph) = have lessons in a subject practise playing the flute (phr) = to try and improve your ability at playing ‘8 woodwind instrument (flute) rock concert (ok Sons (n) = a public performance or rock music traditional dancing fxs sis (n) = 2 type of movement to music that people have done for a long time 2a (pp. 26-27) adventure /atven(n) = event full of ‘excitement, action and danger arrive sa () = to reach 2 place backpack neg (n) = a bag worn on the back bite tu () = to sink your teeth into sth blow jini (0) = to exhale, to send out air from your mouth boat trip oi (n) = a journey on a vessel on the water branch fw (n) =a bough ofa tree bush ti (a) = alow shrub with many branches buzz (around) jx (v) = to make a low hum (of an insect) can’t stand (phr) = to not be able to bear sth catch the bus/train (phe) = get on/travel by busltrain culture inj! (n) =the beliefs, arts, philosophy, etc that belong to a civilisation divide ea (v) = to separate into parts embassy /enios! (n) = government representative organisation in a foreign country tend up jen! (phrv) = to finaly be in a particular place or situation experience jkspriony (n) = gained knowledge or still get bitten (by) (phr) = when an insect! animal bites you get caught (in) (ohr) = when you can’t avoid an unpleasant situation ,g0.0n a (boat) trip (phr) = take a journey on a vessel on the water ‘get seasick (phr) = feel unwell when travelling ‘get stolen (phr) = be taken by a thief ‘grab jor (v) = snatch head (back to) ined (v) = make your return journey somewhere in the middle of nowhere (ph) = far ‘away from anywhere kayaking jaisty (n) = an activity during which sb paddles in a river or a lake using a narrow boat with a cover on top (kayak) ong-tail boat oe (n) = a vessel with along rear part lose my passport (ph) = to not know wihere your travel ID is rmake friends (with) (phi) = to get to know and like sb oxcatt (ski (n) = a wooden vehicle pulled by an ox ‘pass by pcs ta (ph v) = go past sth ‘passport /pospo (n) = official travel document and ID pineapple /pamneol (n) = large oval tropical fruit puff put/(v) = to breathe out heavily reach jis (v) = arrive (invat) relieve jt (v) = to make pain or a bad feeling less unpleasant Fide a camel (phr) = to sit on and move with a large desert animal run after jen. utla/(phr v) = chase sack jst (n) = action bag share (sth) (with) /jes wi, wl () = to divide into equal parts take a trip (phr) = go on a short journey WL4Word List travel (on) fol ow (v) = to move long distances by means of try spicy food (phr) = sample hot food unfortunately istsjsuiil (adv) = in a sad, disappointing manner 2b (pp. 28-29) a fair amount (of) (phr) = quite alot argue fu (v) = to disagree angrily argument fexipnon! (9) = angry disagreement billion isu (n) =a milion million brainchild email (n) = 50's ideal invention catchy fai (ad) = easy to remember calculate rkxikple (v) = work out with maths commitment jisininend (n) = an ‘agreement to do sth complicated /ssmplkens! (ad) = complex computer science fants ‘saaov (n) = the study of information technology criticism jknaszony(n) = the act of expressing disapproval disagree (aso (v) = to have a different opinion from sb else endless (cals! (aj) = continuous ‘expand /ikspend (v) = to increase in size ‘or number expert /ehspa/ (n) = proficient, specialist face few) = to deal with sth fade seid (¥) = to become less bright frustrating isso) (ad) = annoying; causing problems garage (gers -a/ (n) = storage place for acar get on jyet sa (phe v) = have a friendly relationship headquarters fhedhwoitz neehwoioa (n) = main offices idea ji’ (n) = suggestion insist js (9) = say sth firmly inspired (ns (ad) = be the source of ‘the idea for sth introduce ins (¥) = to put sth into use for the fist time investor jnvess/(n) = sb who puts money into a business Faunch on (y) = to send a spacecraft into space neat ji (ad) = tidy operation joprefow (n) = highly ‘organised activity performance jpsfsmnzoy (n) = the playing ‘of music or acting in a play ofa film popularity ‘pvt’ (n) = approval from alot of people profile /rtu (n) = a short description of sb's life, character, etc project /yrisc (n) =a task that requires alot of time and effort WLS request fries! (n) = the act of asking nicely for sth respond jrispond! (v) = to answer search engine /ssaj endow (n) = @ computer program that searches for documents on the Internet search term sity (n) = word used to look up sth ‘seek (sik) (v) = to look for Senior fsinia/(n) = student in their final year at university ‘sign (san (n) = indication sign up (sun up (Pht v) = to enrol social network /ssofal netwsi/ (n) = online ‘community speedy isi (a) = fast user jal (a) = sb who uses sth user-friendly nz ea (ac) = easy to use 2e(p. 30) destroy jars (¥) = to ruinfwreck sth entrance fev (n) = the way in government fava (n) = a group of people who rule @ country landmark jesdnol(n) = a building or place easly recognised legend ism (n) =a very old story that many people know and that may be true neatly noi (adv) = almost prison pax! (n= all jax model maker jsceks mis meth (1 ‘a person who makes a likeness of sb out of wax 2d (p.31) annoyed jaro (ad) = angry ballet ‘nei (n) =a type of dance dlassical music concert kiss! mh Amst (n) = a performance of music from 18th and 19th century European composers disbelief dst (n) = refusal to believe enthusiasm /nijuziaxony (n) = excitement musical nea (n) a play or film where part f the story is sung to music negative /ncssu (ad) = referring to the bod side of sth nothing special (ph) = to not be excellent ‘opera spr! (7) = musical play where all ‘the words are sung play cle (n) = a story performed by actors in a theatre ppopirack concert (pp, rh sos (n) = 2 performance of popular music positive ipsa ad) = optimistic 2e (pp. 32-33) a pile of (phr) = a mound of acrobatics /ekrstwsks/ (pl n) = physical skills actor fata (n) = sb who performs in films/plays and pretends to be a character admit dna () = to say that sth is true ancient times /eajst ana) (ol n) = a long time ago attract attention (phr) = to make people look at you audience |b (n) = the people who stand watch a performance bravery Ftreoni (n) = the quality of having courage breathtaking /reiei (a) = spectacular Carty (over) /kex sina) (¥) = to continue change (into) jemi () = to transform combine jon (¥) = to jin together «costume hes (n) = special clothes people wear during afestval crowd fri (n) = a large gathering of people cruelty fri (n) = very unkind behaviour curtain fon (n) = cloth that hangs in front of a stage until the performance starts design kia (r) = the art of drawing effect ich (n) = result emotion jinfon/(n) = a strong feeling fall in love (with) (ph) = have strong feelings of affection for sb fiery aor (ad) = relating to fire finale fot (n) =the last actin a play (be) for me (phr) = to my taste furniture (tsi (n) = large movable ‘things in a house or an office gallop /gelp/(¥) = run fast (of a horse) ‘gather /gat/(v) = come together gold id (n) = shiny yellow colour {grand jyael (ad) = extravagant hanging Puen (ad) = dangling high-pitched au (ad) = shrill in sound insist jst () = to say sth firmly kaleidoscope stax r) = sth made Up of different and changing colours lantern /iann’(n) = lamp lighting fawn (n) = the way sth lt live raw (adj) = sth that is shown to the public the exact time itis happening, usu a radio or television programme Foyalty rns (n) = the quality of staying true to a friendship ‘on stage (phr) = to be in the area where ‘actors perform prop jpn (n) = object in a play reveal vi (v) = to uncover sth ribbon iris (0) = long thin piece of fabric rise ja () = to become higher, to increase scenery sini (n) = landscapeWord List sharp jj’ (ad) = having a thin edge or point which can cut sth silver fsa (n) = shiny pale grey colour Somersault sumossil(n) = a 360 turn inthe air stage jsey (n) = point stage props next ps (ln) = objects used in a play stand out (sind wi (phr ¥) = be very noticeable start out (sot wud (phe v) = to begin striking /wraks(ad)) = very noticeable! unusual symbol /sntol (n) = sth that represents a society or idea because itis very typical of it temporary fenpori (a) = not permanent wartior iva! (n) = solder, fighter whip wn (n) = along thin piece of leather with a handle used for hitting animals ‘whole iil (ad) = complete wild (val! (ad) = living in natural habitat 2F(p. 34-35) ancient wall (phr) = very old structure surrounding sth cobbled street /issl writ (n) = road made of stones with a rounded surface compass snes (n) = instrument that shows direction explore isp) = to search and discover fascinating fase (ag) = very interesting find (sth) out an! wl (phr v) = to discover ‘ghost jyus/ (n) = a dead person's spirit ghostly attraction (ph) = tourist attraction related to ghosts get stuck (phr) = to not be able to move {g0 missing (ph) = become lost haunted /ion (ad) = regularly visited by ghosts historic histo (ad) = significant, recorded as part of history march ms (v) = walk with regular steps as a group medieval cathedral iva kstixicl (n) = large church 500-1500 years old shield jaw (n) = a large piece of meal carried by soldiers for protection spear spo (n) = an old weapon of a wooden note with a pointed metal tip spooky fui (2) = frightening Stand out (soe (phr ¥) = to be very noticeable terrified nectan! (ad) = afraid treasurer ves (n) = sb in charge of finance wander /winis (v) = to roam aimlessly 2g (p. 36) adventure (stveaa/(n) = event full oF excitement, action and danger biography jing (n) = a book about the life of a famous person ‘can’t put it down (oh) = enthralling classic novel ;klesk ‘nova (n) = well known old book «time thriller jkr n(n) = exciting book about illegal activities dull ia (ad) = boring, uninteresting fantasy texas (n) = story created from S's imagination horror fhos/(n) = very frightening story majority isi (n) = more than half of a number of people or things ‘non-fiction /non ikon (n) = factual percent ipssen/ (n) = proportion of 100 recommend jreismcn(phr v) = to advise as the best choice/course of action romance fcvnsens, rs (0 science fiction json ij (n) about the future or space similar sty (aj) = alike slow-moving jt» mvs (ad) = going at low speed 2h(p. 37) carry a lantern (phe) = hold a lamp chat jj (v= to tak in an informal way chilly ni (ad) = cold corridor /kans(n) = 2 long passage in a building empty fenyt (ad) = not containing anything entrance hall fxzon h(n) yer freezing cold fy kid) (ad)) = very cold uide jpn (n) = @ person who shows you the way toa place hear the sound (of) (phr) = listen toa noise heavily hen (adv) = weighing alot huge /jsiy (adj) = enormous old-fashioned jv tej (a) = not modern, outdated, no longer in stone floor (phr) =the part of a room we walk on ofa hard solid substance roaring jr (aj) = blazing terrifying /eatauy (ad) = very frightening; horrifying turn a comer (phr) = go around a bend turn around fo: sav (phe v) = to turn 180 490 white (as a sheet) (phe) = become very pale 2i(p.38) allow vias (v) = let blogger ‘hin (n) = a person who writes ‘an online diary browse faz (v) = to look around community sini (n) = all the people who lve ina place company /isnpsni/(n) = a business organisation ‘connection jk (0 contact /icnuck (n) = sb you know in an organisation email account fs akaun (n) = a record of your electronic messages ‘expand ikspend!(V) = to increase in size or number independent jndspensaw (ad) = separated interact /morehy(¥) = to communicate location ovtejw (n) = place login name fin ne (n) = name used to access a computer system ‘media /nisin(n) = organisations such as television, radio, newspapers, ete that provide news and information member cnt (n) = a person who belongs to a group offline joan (ad) = not connected to the Internet password /peswa(n) =a secret word or code Personal profile ise pata (n) =a description ofa person personalise pss (v) = make sth to your personal taste Photo fins (n) = a picture made using acamera Post jpat/(v) = to put online so people can see profile /pcuta (n) = a short description of s’s life, character, etc Promote ipaina (¥) = help sth happen network few (n)= an interconnected system 'ex seks (n) = gender share /fe/(v) = to have or use sth with another person social connection (phr) = sb you know socially social network (soja netwzk/(n) = the people you know from your social activities social networking site /swal nctwsks) sail (n) = a website for making/ socialising with friends specialise /jejia/ (v) = to spend a lot of time/energy on one thing straightforward /sretwa0) (ad) = easy to do tight-knit jx ny (ad = very cose trend jven! (n) = fashion upload jiu (v) = put onto a computer WL6Word List user-friendly interface (phr) = easy method of linking video ‘sow (n) = recording of moving images and sounds ‘workplace /vatplew/ (n) = where people work Language in Use 2 (p. 39) act jah (v) = to play a role ina film”play action /xijow (n) = doing sth advertise feds (V) = to tel people about sth in newspapers or on TV annoy (sia (v) = to make sb angry annoyance jstacn (¥) =the feeling when sbisth makes you angry appear ja () = to be present or noticeable argue Jogjw/(v) = to disagree angrily with sb arrive jsrav/(v) = to reach a place attract js (v) = to get the attention or interest of sb brightly-coloured fbrat kl (a) = having strong colours business trip bums ip (v) = a journey for work related reasons dap (ey (v) = to hit your hands together enjoy fst! () = to like doing sth enjoyment jndssmont (v) = feeling of pleasure erupt jsp (v) = (of a volcano) to explode fall for fst (phr v) = to be strongly attracted to sb fall out jt saw (phr v) = to stop being friends fall through jf! tru (phr v) = to fall to happen ‘get along with (sb) jet son wa (phe v) = ‘to have a friendly relationship with sb get on/off cn, (ph v) = boardlalight {get through jae tn (phr v) = to deal with a difficult situation give away jw wa! (phr v) = totella secret ‘ive off/out iw aw (phe v) = to emit give up (aw a (phr ¥) = to stop trying go sailing (ph = to spend time on sailboat highlight (slaw (n) = the best part ‘musician jajnjo (n) = sb who plays a musical instrument orchestra (sis (n) = a group of classical musicians fon stage (ph) = acting perform patsy (¥) = to act, play or sing for an audience perfect (psi (a) = excellent refusal fz (n) = the act of saying no refuse fj! (V) WL7 Skills Practice 2(p. 40-41) access to (hes 0 of sth adopt fey (v) = to change to fit the situation breathtaking ibe (ad) carry out js (phe V) crystal sl (n) = transparent rock diameter ja‘emso/ (n) = the measurement across a circle dizziness jvin (0) = the feeling of losing your balance grotto fycau/(n) =a cave ice formation jas nes (n) = the process of making ice ice stalactite (as wk (n) = a solid piece of ice hanging from a ceiling labyrinth jueboony (n) = a place made ‘out of a complicated set of paths where it’s vey dificult to find your way major foes (a6) = important measure nc (v) = to find the size of sth network cw (n) = an interconnected system oxygen joisisw (n) = a gasin the air we breathe reserved js (ad) = booked sparkle (spatal (9) = to shine and shimmer unique jn (adi) = being the only one ofits kind Module 3 | 3(p.43) blizzard ie (n) = a snowstorm extreme weather /ksrisn ds (n) = bad climate heatwave isncn/(n) =a very hot period of weather hurricane justo (n) =a very violent wind or storm Mother Nature /nsto ves (n) = aterm used to refer to the natural world and its forces storm js (n) = very bad weather, with thunder, lightning and heavy ain thick fog 04 fo (n) = heavy mist 3a (pp. 44-45) adapt (to) jay 1 (v) = to change to fit the situation at least (pht) = used to show that 2 number or amount is the smallest possible blizzard siz! (n) = a snowstorm blog i (n) =a website where personal entries are commonly displayed boiling hot jb ha (ad) = very high in heat breeze ti (n) =a gentle wind can't wait (phr) = to be very excited about sth that is going to happen to look forward to sth ‘loud! aa (n) =a mass of water vapour chilly (ad) cold ft (2d) temperature continent ‘kotonn (n) = land mass cover /ina/(¥) = to conceal sth with sth else crack cei (n) = a narrow gap between two parts of sth ‘crevasse rev (n) = a deep crack do a survey (phr) = find out information about sth with questions drizzle real (n) = light rain drop ison/(v) = to become less Emperor penguin ferpss evan (0) breed of aquatic bird from Antarctica flood js (a) = an overflowing of water onto land freezing cold ising i (a) = very cold gale jg () = a very strong wind give (sb) a hand (phr) = help sb do sth go on a course (phr) = start a period of very large study hail (a) = ice rain heat fis! (n) = quality of being hot hheavy clouds jes tava (pln) = thick masses of water vapour in the sky heavy rain jbevi ew (n) = lots of water falling from clouds hot ino (ad) = spicy humpback whale /hanptek weil (n) = @ large sea mammal ice jas ( inland jon! (adv) = away from the coast Head (to) iw (v) = to cause sth to happen light clouds (is kant (pln) = few ‘masses of water vapour inthe sky lightning ian) (n) =a flash of electricity from clouds ina storm marine biologist navi basins (n) = sb who studies sealife rild (sal ad) = not severe newcomer (ijskanol (n) = sb new to an area/group pput on jut in (phrv) = to cover your body with clothes/wear rain jes! (n) = droplets of water from clouds research station jst] sexo, vist (9) = ‘a place where people study sth rise az (v) = to become higher, to increaseWord List scenery (sins (n) = landscape scientific soni (ag) = related to science seal hit (n) =a large sea mammal that lives on coasts and eats fish set fev () = to situate shower /j.0/(n) =a device in a bathroom used for washing your body ski-doo ists (n) = a vehicle for travelling over ice and snow sledge hic (n) = an object used for traveling over snow sleet /si/(n) = wet snow Sow (sou (n) = ice crystals that fal from clouds in very low temperatures snowstorm /snasixa/ (n) =a period of heavy snowing storm sv (n) = very bad weather, with thunder, lightning and heavy rain sun (su (n) = the ball of fire in the sky that gives us heat and light sun rises (phr) = when the sun frst appears in the sky in the morning ‘sun sets (phr) = when the sun disappears from the sky in the evening sunny spell ssi spel (n) = petiod of sunshine sunshine /sjain/(n) = heat and light from the sun survey /ssved (n) = a study, research survival course ovawal kx (n) = instruction on how to stay alive in difficult situations take off cic (phr v) = to leave the ground temperature /temprjy (n) = how hot or cold itis outside ‘threaten jen (v) = to express an intention to harm sb thunder snd (n) = loud noise from the Sky in a storm tornado fxn! (n) =a violent wind storm warm jno:n (2d) = fairly hot warn (won! (¥) = to tell sb about a possible danger ‘weather /vci’ (n) = climate conditions vil (ad) = strange wildlife ‘vai (n) = animals and plants {growing in natural conditions wind jwind (n) = current of air 3b (pp.46-47) ash ii (n) = soft, grey or black powder that is lft after sth is burnt backwards na (ed) = in reverse long, fat piece of wood to heat a liquid until ‘bubbles appear bottom /txisn/(n) = the lowest part of sth bungee jumping Pox samp (n) = the sport of jumping off somewhere high with an elastic rope tied to your legs ‘compete (in) wit iv (V) = to take part ina competition competitor fompescy (n) = a person ina competition connected (to) snekow w/ (ad) = joined control fsa (v) = to steer raze few! (n) = an objector activity that is very popular for a short time elastic rope jiasu rxp/(n) = 2 long Piece of stretchy cord erupt rap (v) = (OF a volcano) to explode ‘extreme activities isin aka! (ln) = dangerous pursuits extreme ironing isin xn (n) = pressing clothes in dangerous places feel better (ph) = recover float iiaw (v) = to stay on top of the waker and not sink frying pan ran pew (n) = a round flat metal pan for frying food get wet (phr) = become covered in water have control of (phr) = be able to steer hheat hiv (¥) = to become or make hot ice climbing a; kiazsy (n) = to ascend a vertical mass of frozen water ice tool fas ut/(n) = an implement to use on ice inflatable jaexabu (ad) = being filled with air irom (avn! (n) = an appliance for pressing clothes ironing board /aoay b(n) = a cloth covered board for pressing clothes on kite surfing tax sty (n) = a sport when you sail on water on a board attached to a kite that pulls you along ladle ews (n) = a large spoon melt imei (¥) = to become liquid from a solid form (usu because of heat) perfect (for ti (ad Protective jpsiekiw (adj) from harm quad racing /avad rn (n) = traveling fast on a 4-wheeled motorbike rapids /epat/ (pn) = fast moving water test es (n) = a period of relaxation river bugging /nvo bss (n) = travelling (on a river in an inflatable chair ‘ust fn (¥) = to turn orange & decay (of metal) slope sixy (n) = side of a mountain, indine smoking volcano {snovkiy votkemo/ (n) = ‘a mountain ful of lava that is producing grey clouds speed (down) spi (v) = go fast spike ipa! (n) = a sharp point sunscreen /sstrin/(n) = a cream to protect from sunburn thril-Seeker cl ska (n) = sb who likes exciting activities, throw out irs (phr v) = to dispose of sth tip np (n) = advice Voleano surfing /rotkeiny sity (n) = sport of travelling down a volcano on a board Watch out {voi we (phrv) = be careful webbed gloves vebi viv (pln) = hand coverings with the finger parts partially joined together weird wow (ad) = strange ‘win jw (v= to achieve a prize for coming first in a competition or ace ‘wok racing /wok seis (n) = sport of travelling fast on ice on a Chinese frying pan ‘World championship (vid fmpioniy (n) = @ competition with competitors from around the world 3c (p. 48) all the way (phr) = completely avoid /avaud/ (v) = to try not to do sth bobcat /bobkey (n) = a wild cat from North America breathtaking view /oretteikiy vjuy (n) = amazing sight Campsite /kaempsany/ (n) = an area where people can camp on holiday ‘cover /kavay (v) = to conceal sth with sth else Coyote /kar-2t, koreuti/ (n) = wild dog from North America deer (dia) (n) = large forest animal with four legs footpath /fuyos (n) = a path in the countryside get lost (phr) = to lose one’s way guide /jaid! (v) = to show the way. harmless /nainiay/ (adj) = not dangerous heap /hizy (n) = pile hike jak’ (v) = walk in the countryside hut ty (n) = a small, simple house or shelter made of wood incredible /inkredshol/ (adj) = fantastic keep away from ip ses on (ph ¥) = stay far away from make it (phr) = to succeed in sth ‘Moose jmus/ (n) = a large forest animal from North American; elk WLSWL9 Word List. mountain top /mauntn op (a) = the highest part ofa very large hill natural beauty joao ju (n) = amazing nature pass (through) (postr (\) = travel from ‘one side of a place to the other pile (of) ow (n) = heap quarter-mile jks (n) = 400 metres acoon jskvs, e/(n) = small forest animal rocky ‘oki (ad) = rough and difficult to travel run (through) 0» tm (¥) = to be in all parts of sth scenery (sai (n) = landscape shelter /in/(n) = building that gives protection against danger, bad ‘weather, ete show the way (pht) = direct sb somewhere special offer jel vial (n) = reduced price for a limited time step jsen/(n) = forward foot movement stunning /sn/ (adj) = extremely beautiful or attractive veil (n) = path through the countryside 3d (p. 49) agree (on) js: (v) = to be of the same opinion ask jos (v) = to request sth available veil (ad) = able to be used bed & breakfast hei an rekon) =a type ‘of hotel or house where sb can book ‘room to stay and the cos includes breakfast in the morning book a room (ph) = reserve accommodation cost hos! (v) = to have a price double room (sisnan/{n) = 8 room for two hotel viel (n) = building where you pay for a room to sleep in per night (ohr) = each evening Fepeat iri (\) = to dovsay again room service nm savas (n) = the serving of food to guests at a hotel in their room self-catering flat (si hexane (n cooking your own meals on holiday le room nam (n) = room for one Ski lodge /sk: in (n) = a wooden house in the mountains where people stay on a skiing holiday state jel (v) = to deciare formally youth hostel iu nos (n) = a place where young people can stay cheaply for a short period when they are travelling 3e (pp. 50-51) according to ivi (prep) = so sth says average fxd (ad) = normal become extinct (phr) = to stop existing (be) in great danger (phr) = under threat (be) (sb) fault (phr) = sbis to blame (be) under threat (ph) = in danger blanket /vixhv (n) = warm covering burn tbsa/(v) = to set on fire car exhaust forges (n) = waste pipe of a motor vehicle ‘carbon dioxide /kcho daroisa (n) = the {gas produced when people or animals breathe out (CO,) ‘carbon footprint ikon Tupnnd (n) = how much CO, a person creates ‘cause ji (¥) = to make sth happen changeable jfemistoy (ad) = not staying the same ‘ni (ag) = cold imate /klmet (n) = weather imate change jams sem (n) = altering weather conditions limatologist/siansilasa (n) = sb who studies climates «coastal jas (a) = by the sea ‘cover fia (v) = to hid sth with sth else die from hunger (ph) = stop living because of starvation die out jd al (phrv) = to become extinct rought jira (n) =a long period without rainfall Grown jewel (V) = to die by being unable to breathe underwater energy-saving bulb (crx siiy th (n) = electric lightbulb that uses less energy than a usual one expert /ekss: (n) = proficient, specialist ‘extinct (sinh (ad) = no longer exists extreme weather jks 'ets/(n) = Violent storms, droughts, ete fossil fuel! fut (n) = coal, wood, gas, etc further (iano (adv) = extra glacier fies (n) = large mass of ice global warming jlsbol wm) (n) = a general increase in world temperatures {greenhouse gas jrénhas gay (n) = gas that traps heat from the sun e.g co, heat up isp (phr v) = to become hot heating /hiuy (n) = system for keeping a house warm ice sheet fai (n) = layer of frozen water immediately nisi (adv) = at once increase fulsis)(n) = a rise instead (of) neo (adv) lose (their) habitat (ph) have @ natural home rather than 10 longer low-lying /la la-a/(ad)) = near sea level major exis (ad) = important melt nel (v) = to become liquid from a solid form (usu because of heat) polar ice cap jor‘ ep (n) = glacier at the North/South Pole power plant fn plan/(n) = factory that produces electricity produce jails (v) = to make radiate /ewiew (v) = to give off reduce nn (V) = to bring down in amount, extent, degree, etc report japsu/(n) = news article sea level ile (n) = how high/low the seais serious /saray (ad) = important, needing attention species (s(n) = type of life form starve (sc (v) = to die from hunger, to be very hungry surround jssauni/ (¥) threat (to) xe (n) danger tornado jst (n) = a violent wind storm trap jap! (v) = to capture and not allow to escape trouble frati/(n) = difficulty ‘turn up js (phr v) = appear ‘unpredictable /anpriskst (ad) = not able to predict how sb/sth will behave vanish jvm} (v) = to disappear toencirle langer/cause of wave ncn (n) =a raised line of water moving across the surface of the 3f (p. 52-53) alight ‘stew (ad) = being on fire bounce juny (v) = to move up after hitting @ surface branch toon (n) = tree limb ‘compass snp (n) =a device that shows the direction crash (into) ca (0) = to collide with crawl fst (v) = to move on hands and knees fast-flowing jos aun (ad)) = moving at speed (of water) first aid kit jf ex hi (n) = emergency medical supply kit hypothermia thaipatsna) (n) = medical condition of being very cold nt fnsekt pean (n) = spray to make insects go away life jacket (it dseko () = jacket that helps you float lighter iaa/(n) = device that produces a flame ‘map inset (n) = drawing of an area from above car / (a) = long pole to row a boatWord List overhead /a:nshe (ad) = from above penknife /pennat (n) = folding knife that fits in the pocket pick (sb) up inky (ph v) = take sb ‘away in a vehicle pilot jai (n) = sb who flies a plane helicopter 9 ret (9) = traveling down a river on a raft rescue helicopter rsh top (n) = ‘an aircraft with rotor blades that saves people in difficult situations rope ou! (n) = a thick strong cord rucksack /nise (n) = backpack scare off [sexu (phr v) = to frighten sbisth away set off (sto (phr v) = set out shelter ‘ta (n) = building that gives protection from dangerftad weather shore joi (n) = the land next to the sea signal /sgeal (¥) = to give a sign to sb sleeping bag /sisw) baa (n) = a warm 'bag to sleep in while camping spot hr (v) = a small round coloured mark ‘suck sal) (9) = to pull sth in with force suffer (from) sss (v) = to feel pain or experience sth unpleasant sunscreen (sss (n) = cream to protect skin from sunburn surface jsf (v) = the top part of sth sweep iswin (v) = to move sth quickly ‘along tent jen’ (n) =a shelter made of fabric stretched over a frame of poles, which can be folded up and carried with you terrifying fect (2d) = very frightening; horifying to (sb’s) horror (phr) = to be very shocking to sb torch jo! (n) = a hand-held type of light that has batteries wilderness idan (n) = an area of natural land where no one lives raft 3g (p. 54) aqua aerobics /xkv carats (9) = ‘exercise in a swimming pool bird-watching /odwcxn (n) = spotting birds as a hobble community centre janine sena/(N) = 8 place for residents in an area to come together nature reserve foetjs n(n) = protected area of land for wildlife paintballing ein (n) = game with paint guns ‘ki resort st: rea (n) = place where ‘people go on sking holidays zip-ining xp tn (n) = travelling through trees in a harness attached to a metal wireline zorbing /7>iny/(n) = rolling down a hill inside a large clear plastic ball 3h (p.58) tending fev (n) = closing forest adventure [fo advent (n) = activities in a wooded area greeting 'gay (n) = salutation ‘opening comment jas tnmert! (n) = greeting polite ja! (ad) = kind reason jriza|(n) = couse 3i(p. 56) abseil /xtsail(v) = to slide down a cliff using a rope and harness acidic rain /2sad‘vem(n) = polluted rain adapt (to) fade (v) = to change to fit the circumstances become stiff (phr)= harden blind ihiand (2d) = unable to see mineral ‘ave fie! (n) = ale in the side of a cliff or a mountain chalk. jot () = a soft white rock cliff (n) = high area of rock with & steep side column jclan (n) = a tal pillar supporting part of a building crab jkr (n) = 2a animal with a shell and large claws ravi fr (¥) = to move on hands and knees crayfish Piet (n) = sea animal with a shell similar to a lobster creature ssf (n) = animal dark chi (ad) = sth that is black in colour or isa shade close to black discover jasase(¥) = to find dissolve za (¥) = to absorb into a liquid Arip dnp! () = to fallin droplets (of a liquid) drop cp (v) = a very small amount of liquid ‘eat away jit sve (phrv) = to erode erode frau (v) = to wear away form ifn (v) = to make sth begin to exist formation xme:jaw (n) = creation glacier fates (n) = large mass of ice low (glu (v) = to produce a soft light, to shine glowing /slsan (ad) = emitting a steady bright light, without flames hharden hin (v) = to solidify hhole foul (n) = an opening in a surface Involve /nivo/(v) = to include lava favs (n) = melted rock which comes ‘out ofthe Earth when a volcano erupts limestone /iansan/(n) = type of soft rock rmillipede fspa! (n) = insect with many legs natural sl (ad) = produced by nature rafting fatty (a) = travelling down a river on a raft remain alive (phr) = keep living scorpion ska () = a poisonous creature that looks like a large insect so far (ph) = up tll now species (sia! (n) = type of life form stalactite sea (n) = column of rock hanging from the ceiling of a cave stalagmite sselogna/(n) = column of rock ‘coming up from the floor of a cave survive sia! (v) = to continue to exist worm (wasn! (n) = small animal with @ long, narrow, soft body Language in Use 3(p. 57) athlete (ti (r) = sb skilled at a sport athletic fe, / (ad) = ft care [ke (v) = to look after careful cs (ad) = cautious, sb who gives a lot of attention to what helshe's doing careless esl (ad) = without cae; clumsy economical tani i! (ad using alot of money economy ikea (n) = saving money effects (n) = result effective jvc! (ad) = producing a desired result expensive itsens/ (ad) = sth that costs alot of money explode jksyiau (v) = to violently break into fool fl (n) foolish (ii (ad) = stupid {go around 3 sauna (ph v) = to be enough {go off ign (phe v) = spoil ring; explode {go over gn 2a" (ph v) = to examine look after ui ita (phr v) = take care of Took for risk (phrv) = search look through ck x (ohr v) = to read quickly Fook up jot sp (phr v) = to find information poison /pazan (n) = a dangerous substance that can kill poisonous ipsa (ad) = containing or producing poison ring ra (¥) = sound like a bell salt foil (n) = white food flavouring salty (cai (ad) = having alot of salt WL10Word List spoil poi) = to ruin stunning scenery /sssi ssa (n) = amazing views warn (sb) about /won shaw (¥) = to tell sb about a danger youth hostel jus jl (n) = a place where young people can stay cheaply for a short period when they are travelling Skills Practice 3 (p. 58-59) abandoned (ater (2) = left on its own forever attendant fend (n) = sb whose job is to help people in a place (be) in high demand (phr) = lots of people want it (be) on a tight budget (phr) = not have much money full board fl ts () = including all meals funding rnin (n) = money an organisation provides for particular purpose neglected inlet (ad) = not looked after province /povs/(n) = state, country pursue a career in (ph succeed in their job rewarding jw>xin (ad) spare the time (phr) time to do sth Module 4 hhave enough free exercise your mind (phr) = solve problems often get sleep (phr) = get enough rest make ethical choices (oh) = do the right thing manage stress (ph) = cope with pressure ‘peace of mind (ph) = calm mental state practise meditation (phr) = do mental relaxation techniques solve a crossword (phr) = do puzzles spend time in the sunshine (phr) = go cout in the sun 4a (pp. 62-63) ache jak (v) = to give a dull pain acne (ini (n) = spots against the rules (phr) = not allowed bacteria /bekri (n) = small organisms that often cause a disease (be) better off (phr) = the best outcome (be) obliged to do (sth) (phr) = have to blurred vision iba ws! (n) = fuzzy sight borrow (tur (v) = to use sth that belongs to sb else for a short time cause jou! (v) = to make sth happen confined space fknfan! spew (0) = cramped area conversation /konasifn/(n) = a discussion cope (with/without) sup wi, wnau (¥) = to manage dermatologist novia (n) for skin directly sre a (adv) = immediately distinguish (between) ising in (\) = tell the difference between ear canal /o k(n) = inside part of the ear entertainment jenstcimond (n) = leisure activites or artistic events that amuse people ‘extended period jit stent poxnd (n) = 2 tong time eye strain fa: sre (n) = tired eyes face the consequences (phr) = deal with doctor the results forbidden itt (ad) = absolutely not allowed hearing loss ory Jos) (n) = les ability to hear lead (to) fiw (v) = to cause sth to happen tow volume (i vo (n) = not loud modern marvel /nads muva/(n) = new technology motion joj (n) = movement nasty /nasi (ad) = mean/unkind optician jojo (n) = doctor forthe eyes pain jpn (n) = extreme discomfort prevent jniven/(v) = to stop, to not allow Fash je (n) = group of smal, red spots on the skin repeated iii (ad) = over and over again restriction jvrkjou (n) = inability to move/do sth result jz (n) = outcome set het (v) = to situate shoulder strain jolts sre (n) = pain in the shoulder muscle shout (at) jot > () = yell skin infection ‘shin nef (n) = spots! rash stare (at) ‘scar a (¥) = to look intently (0) = injury from overuse swelling /svweima/ (ad) = difficult to cope with/fight patient jpn’ (a) = able to remain calm without complaining even if sth takes along time rewarding jw: (ad) = satisfactory self-confident js kon (ad) = self assured social etiquette sujal ets (n) = rules of conduct in society spicy food (sas uw (n) = hot dishes struggle isrial (v) = fight/try very hard study abroad (phr) = go to school in another country treat jit (v) = to behave towards sb in a certain way ‘turn up jal (phr v) = appear without a doubt (phr) = certainly 5c (p. 84) ‘a sign of (ph) = a symbol of sth (be) aware (wea! (adj between friends (phr) relationships cchew uy (v) = to break food into pieces with teeth compliment cmmlanent/(v) = to say sth nice crowded place rasta ples (n) = busy area disgusting causing strong elbow /sisu/ (a) = the joint where the ‘arm bends ‘expect jkspekt/(v) = believe that sth will happen ‘extend jiksend (v) = to stretch out your arm extend a hand (ph) = hold out your hand firm handshake ssn ewdje! (n) = hold and move sb's hand up and down firmly greet (sb) (with) ji wr (v) = say help greeting fray (n) = a way of saying hello hhug /is/(n) = the act of putting both arms around sb in public (phr) = where anyone can see and hear you index finger /inicks fina (n) = the second digit on the hand Insincere jinsnva (ad) = not being genuine ison the cheek (phr) = press your lips to the side of sb’s face long reply is ila (n) = full answer make eye contact (pht) = look sb in the eyes ppalm jen (n) = the under part of the hand peace sign /pis sun/(n) = 1st and 2nd fingers in an outwards ‘v’ sign rare jca(ad) = not common, unusual return the gesture (oh) = give the same signal back second rate (schon re (n) = not very good share a meal (phr) = eat the same food together talk loualy (phr) = speak noisily talk with my mouth full (hr with food in the mouth tip i’ (n) = advice title fal (n) = Mr, Mrs, Miss, Sir, ete token foukon/(n) =a round, flat metal disc that is used instead of money, for example in a machine token of thanks (phr) = ¢ thank-you gift typical py (a) = characteristic, ordinary greeting jini yz (n) = usual ‘way of saying hello wide smile (ani 'snai (n) = broad grin speak ¥y 5d (p. 85) appreciate fsisien (v) = fe! thankful for sth bother hts (v) = to annoy complaint ospen (n) = when sb says sth is wrong damage fmt (n) = harm, destruction driveway fran (n) = wide path leading to a house for cars make a complaint (ph) = officially complain property ‘propa (n) = the things that belong to sbWord List 5e (pp. 86-87) abroad (sro (adv) achieve jj! (¥) ina foreign country win/gain adopt a child (phr) = to legally raise sb else's child in your family ing avast wn (ad) = having won prices/awards bullying btn (n) = the act of picking on sb challenging hjxonds (ac) = difficult comb /kooni (n) = tool for untangling hair community jsmnjiai (n) = the people that live in an area ‘consumer fons) (n) = sb who buys goods dedication jéediicja! (n) = the act of giving alot of time to sth important determination jaysinonefn! wil drug addict fag xk (n) = sb who «can't stop taking drugs fuel iva) (n) = a substance that gives energy when itis heated give up fay xp (Dh v) = to stop trying graduate fares, -w/ (v) = to finish University and get a degree grow food (phr) = grow edible plants and crops hand out jhend a (phr v) = distribute have cosmetic surgery (phr) = have an ‘operation to change how you look home-grown jhaum gun (adj) = grown in your garden homeless funy (ad) nowhere to live ice cube /as kb (n) = a small piece of frozen water used to make a drink cold install nso (v) = to set sth up move into a caravan (phr) = live ina mobile home organic food jaenk fu (n) grown without chemicals packaging jpn (n) = materials things are wrapped in when sold park bench /pak ben (n) = long hard seat in a park passionate nen (a) = with strong ‘emotions pick wild berries (phr) = gather fruit from bushes population jpopistesfa (n people livin Profit ota (n) = money earned in a business after expenses property jpcrail(n) = the things that belong to sb prove jp (v) = to show a result ppt in jp (phe v) = instal, (o)= strong having food racism jresizan (n) = prejudice because of sb’s race razor (revs (n) = sharp blade for shaving reach your goals (phr) = do what you set out to reduce inj’ (v) = to bring down in amount, extent, degree, etc risky (ns (adj) = dangerous salary ‘seb (n) = wages satisfying (sess (adj) = pleasant feeling of getting what you need/ want Scholarship (skal (n) = an amount of money given by an organisation to pay for sb’s studies scissors (svar (pln set up a charity (phr ‘organisation to help people share the stage (phr) = be on the same stage as shave jew’ (v) = to cut off hair completely shelter (jt (n) =a building that protects people from harmvthe weather issue sofa fw (n) = problem in society solar panel /suio peal () = device that changes sun energy into electricity start a business (phr) = set up a company starve (six (v) = to die from hunger, to be very hungry throw away jas wer (phr v) = to get rid of sth unwanted tube of toothpaste (iui 2¥ wpe (n) = container of cream to clean teeth soci with turn around /iz sas (phr v) = change direction 180 in vay (v) = to achieve a prize for coming fist in a competition or race win a scholarship /win 2 skolofn/(phr) = {get your education paid for St (p. 88-89) adult edly (n) = grown-up awkward />vai/ (ad) = uncomfortable ceremony (seaman (n) = a formal event ‘on important occasions child aja (n) = young person dye (a(n) = pigment elderly reidi (ad) = very old ‘embarrass (oneself) jimbo ( «cause (self) to feel foolish/uncomfortable entrance fenirny (n) = the way in rytale wedding /tcaiel/ (ph) beautiful marriage ceremony garland /ycind/(n) = circle of flowers get a promotion (phr) = get a higher position ery greet vi (¥) = say hello ‘groom joncn/(n) = a man about to marry havea baby shower (phr) = have a party before you have a baby hhave a family reception (phr) = a formal party for all the family hustle and bustle (phr) = busy and noisy activities infant jis (n) = baby last fas (v) = to continue to exist leap at the chance (phr) = take the opportunity quickly ‘marching band /mjq bend! (n) = group cof musicians who walk in formation ‘middle-aged |mui ens (ad) = between 40 and 60 nickname /mnkneim/ (n)= an informal name sed instead of sb’s real name prosperity /prospeai/(n) = wealth rickshaw /nijo(n) = a two-wheeled carriage pulled by a man sari ssl (n) = Indian garment/dress signify fogs (9) = to show silk sik (n) = very soft fabric steaming hot (adj) = so hot that steam rises stick fuk (n) = a Jong thin piece of wood stunning /suny (ad) = extremely beautiful or attractive ‘teenager fives (n) = sb who is between 13 and 19 years old toddler fis (n) = child between 12-30 months old tradition (uso (n) = @ belief or custom that has existed for a long time 59 (p. 90) affect fey (v) = to change sth or sb in some way, to influence bald iho! (ad) = having little or no hair ‘on your head beard joy (n) = hair that grows around a man’s chin blond{e) jon (adj) = yellow hair colour celebrity foetal (n) = a famous person, star cheerful jot (ad) = happy, joyful curly ‘ll (a) = having a lot of curls «colour of is a shade close to black datk/pale skin jdok sk, ye (n) = black! white skin fat se (ad freckles ick (pn) small brown spots ‘on the skin generous fisenrs (ad) = giving lasses (alas (ol) = spectacles grow a beard (oh) = let facial hair grow hhonest /onow/(ad)) = sb who always tells the truth WL16WL17 in (sb’s) early forties (phr) in (sb’s) early twenties (phi 25 working long say (ad) = having much length lose weight (oh) = to become thinner middle-aged (niles (adj)= between 40 and 60 moustache jn: (n) = hair that grows fon a man’s upper lip Cf medium height (ph) = average height ‘ld sl! (a) = existed for many years, not young outgoing jaxcsany (ad) = friendly and ‘open ‘oval /a.nl (ad) = shaped like a circle but wider on one side than the other ‘overweight /2u»>wew (ad)) = having excess weight patient /peia (ad) = able to remain calm without complaining even if sth takes a long time pierced ears jx (n)= holes in the earlobes plump ‘psn (ad popular ‘pops (ad people recognise /rekagna. veh (v) = to identify round jana (ac) = circular in shape rude jn! (ad) = impolite selfish ji (adj) = self-centred short is (adj) = not having much height shy ja (ad) = not confident skinny ‘shi (ad) = very thin in an unattractive way small sna (adj) = not big straight /sre/ (ad) = not bending or curving tall joi (ad) = having much height tattoo fis wns! (n) =a permanent colourful image drawn on the skin with a needle and ink thin (in (adj) = narrow/underweight wavy ‘wew! (ad) = with slight curves well-built vet nl (ad) = sb who has a body with large muscles wrinkles aol (pln) = lines in the skin from age young js (ad) = not very old Sh (p.91) Addictive tia’ (ad) = causing sb to want to do/have it very much (be) obsessed with (ohr) = unable to stop thinking about sth boost ju (v) = to increase conclusion jsoktuso (n) = end counselling /kasnoin (n) = advice from a therapist defect sfc difk (n) = flaw go under the knife (phr) = have surgery introduction js! (n) = beginning normal life nal lat (n) = average existence painful yeaa (ad) = causing physical pain recover iva (¥) = to become well again after an illness, etc scar Ska/ (A) = a permanent mark on the skin left from a wound self-image /sif ms (n) = how sb sees themself take medication ek meio (n) = use medicine regularly worrying fats (ed) = causing people to feel worrylanxiety 5i(p. 92) Adrenalin (siren (n) = chemical in the body that makes the heart beat faster airway (over (n) = breathing passage alert js (ad) = awake/aware allergy lot (r) = getting ill when in contact with sth barking noise /beim ae! (n) = loud noise like a dog become aware (phi) = realise blush ini (n,v) = go red in the cheeks bi (n) = mind breathe deeply (ph) = inhale greatly ‘carbon dioxide ikon darcksa/ (0) = the gas produced when people or animals breathe out (;) Cold virus /iul yas(n) = germ that ‘ives people @ cough and runny nose contagious fost (adi) = catching cough fk (n,v) = a short sound caused by air coming out of our lungs violently diaphragm anrany(n) = muscle under the ribs dome-shaped json frp (ac) = arched dust dist (n) = dry drt in the form of powder ‘embarrassed jinnec (a) = ashamed or shy eyelid ai (n) = skin covering on top of the eye flow ita (n) = a continuous movement heart rate /na ew (n) = the speed at Which our heart beats hiccup isp. ow (nv) = (to make a) sharps sound from the throat increase jis (v) = to become more or bigger infectious nickov (ad) = contagious irritate rot (v) = to annoy/sth ittitation (rej (n) = annoyance itchiness jerky fds (adj) = jumpy lung fay (n) = each of the two breathing organs in the chest muscle /nsol(n) = tissue in the body that connects two bones nasal passage neal nes ( part of the nose ‘oxygen joksitsw (n) = gas we need to breathe pollen js (r) = small particles produced by flowers release jis (v) = set free self-conscious /sI kaj (ad) overly aware of self separate /cpr/ (ad) = away from others sneeze /niz)(n, v) = whenlto let air escape(s) from the nose suddenly snore jn (nv) = to make a grunting sound when asleep streteh (ave (¥) = to spread over a large area or distance ‘throat frau (n) = the inside of the neck vibrate rartrew (v) = to shake with small ‘quick movernents Virus (air (n) = germ that can cause disease vocal cords fos koe (pln) = part of throat we use to speak voice box /vas k(n) = part of body containing vocal cords yawn jn (n, v) = to open the mouth widely and take a deep breath when we are sleepy inside Language in Use 5 (p.23) accurate fear (ad) = true dishonest jason (ad) = likely to tel les dissatisfied irse>sfad, dse (ad) = unhappy with sth tend up Jen! sw (phe v) = to finaly be in a particular place or situation existent frst! (ag) = in existence formal /isnal (ad = (of clothes) suitable for important occasions give a hug (phr) = put your arms around sb happy ni (ad) = pleased helpful cia (ad) = giving help homeless shelter /izomis ela (n) = place where homeless people can sleep and get a meal hhonest fn (adj) = sb who always tells the truth hhost family has tema (n) = family that takes in a guest iMlegal iris (ad) = against the law illogical js (ad) = not rationalWord List impolite jipstew (ad impossible japestt (ag inaccurate finjrcu (adj) informal nisl (ad irregular frei (ad) inresponsible iesponsbol (a) = careless legal isp (ad) = lawful logical shot (adj) = thinking in an ‘ordered way with one step after another lose your temper (phr) = get angry non-existent /non sind (ad) = doesn't exist plastic surgery jest ssi (n) = @ cosmetic medical operation which improves a person's appearance polite jst (ad) = kind possible /postol (a) = able to happen punctuality jpshjvels (n) = timeliness reach your goals (phr) = do what you set out to do regular he (ad) = ordinary reject jrschy (v) = not accept relative reuy/() = family relation remove jr () = to take sth away responsible jsut (ad) = logical and dependable run a business (phr) = be in charge of a company satisfied /seosa (ad) = pleased with sth sense of achievement (phr) = feeling of having done sth good social etiquette /sujl uk manners in society sorry (about) fsx st (ag) = remorseful stay alert (ph) = keep aware take a deep breath (phr) = breath in (n= deeply take after /teik fl (phe v) = look/act, like a relative take off irik of (phr v) = to leave the ground take risks (phr) = do sth you know may be dangerous take up (tek np/(phrv) = start (a hobby) ‘turn down jin aun (phr v) = to reject, turn off issn vt (phr v) = to switch off turn over jtsn'aa/(phr v) = move to a new page turn up jis (phr v) = appear unhappy fash (ad) = sad Unhelpful issn (ad) = not improving a situation vocal cords /\sks (pln) = part of the throat we use to speak Skills Practice 5 (p. 94-95) ‘adopt an attitude (phr) = have a way of thinking ‘change gear (phr) = alter the speed of a vehicle using the gear stick competitive drive fangs aw (0) = racing sprit competitive spirit Aampetx spr (n) = liking to race encounter problems (phr) = face difficulties gender bias (sends haw (n) = being against sb because they are male! female genuine love of (sth) (ph) = real affection if anything (phr) =f at all ima lesser way (phr) = look down on jc daun on (ph v sb is inferior masculine /nsestsi (ad) = relating to males native jnemy/ (ad) = local naval engineer (acl extn (n) = sb who works with engines on a ship objective fisctnw/(n) = aim ‘opposed (to) spo (ad pointless. (ad) = without reason prosthetic leg inns lea! (n) = false leg put your mind to (sth) (phr) = try gainst hardidecide to do sth secondary (isos (ad) = second position soft-spoken jit yvkon (ad) = having a ‘quiet voice Revision 5 (p. 119) have a quick word (pit) = talk to sb in private reaction (to) eijon () = how sb responds to sth 6(p97) arson jason (n) = to deliberately start a fire break into ei moy (ph v) = enter a building by force burglary oss (n) = the at of entering a building illegally and stealing things deliberately {isc (adv) = on purpose mugging sg (n) = attacking sb in the street pickpacketing /pcposuy (n) = stealing sb’s wallet public property /oxbik ypat(n) = ‘owned by the state robbery /esci/(n) = stealing from sb/ somewhere shoplifting Jnl (n) = stealing goods from a shop speeding /:pixy (n) = the act of driving faster than itis allowed vandalism /sndst-on (n) = the act of damaging other people's property witness /winay (v) = to see sth happen 62 (pp98-88) positive opinion architecture /ciseisy (a) = the design of a building arrest jew (¥) = to take into police custody brighten up jan p/ (ph v) = make brighterinicer bulletproof vest ibs pu ves (n) = jacket that bullets can't penetrate carving ‘huwy/ (0) = pattern cut into wood catch (sb) red-handed (phr) = to find sb in the act of doing sth illegal click sii (v) = to make a short sharp sound collage fois (n) = a picture made from various materials computer graphics mous yeti (p m= images made by computers, concrete ni (n) = hard building material crack hse (n) = narrow space between two parts ofa thing ‘crumbling walls (ph) = walls that are falling down divide jira (V) = to separate into parts dove of peace sv 2¥is/(n) = white bird symbolising peace drawing jira (n) =a picture that you draw exhibit j:zio (v) = to show to the public in a gallery (have your) fair share (of sth) (ph) = have more than enough of sth bad fit a burglar alarm (ph) = install an alarm system on your house graffiti gre (n) = words or pictures drawn on walls in public places graffiti knitting group lyin orp! (0) = people who knit covers for lampposts, statues, ete grating yew (n) = metal bars over a hole iMegal iia (ad) = against the law kit nc/(v) = to connect woo! in rows with needles neglected jaichiad (ag) = not getting enough care/attention ‘offensive afens (ad) = causing offence painting jpemy/(n) =a picture made with paint or crayons patch ei/(n) = a small area photography iota (n) = the activity ‘of taking photos pottery fini (n) = making ceramic items WL18Word List print making /pt ey (r) = making prints public opinion /pstsk spon (n) = what most people think of sth repair work jnpes wai/(n) = mending sth run down rn sin (a) = neglected! faling down sculpting (isp (n) = making sculptures skip sup () =a large waste container steel i (n) = a hard metal made from iron and carbon transform jcesstsn pw (v) = to change ‘true identity jn: aden (n) = real name volunteer jl (A) = @ person who does ‘work without geting paid forit worldwide phenomenon jwivaxd fanananoe(r) = sth that happens! known around the world 6b (pp.100-101) analyse /xtsoa/ (v) = study carefully armed robbery (cn roo (n) = stealing with weapons arrest jx! (v) = to take into police custody blood analysis had nina (n) = the study of blood sna (v) = carty out an action crime scene fra sin (n) = the place where a crime happened distressing ses (ad)) = upsetting DNA analysis (i: en‘ tos (n) = studying DNA. dramatic arrest jlomseuk ses (n) = exciting way of taking sb into custody electron microscope leon aks! (n) = very powerful device to magnify sth examine /ijzzmm’(v) = to check fibre jay (n) = thread fingerprint topo (n from a finger fit security lights (ph) lights outside a building fluid jax (n) = liquid forensic scientist arent ‘sasaos nk) (n) = sb who helps the police solve crimes by examining evidence get away with get awe1 wt (phr v) = to avoid punishment for sth identify jadenatas(v) = to recognise in record time (phr) = very fast judge fsx (n) = sb who makes important decisions in court lab jet (n) =a science laboratory where experiments are cartied out lawyer (isa (n) = sb who is trained in the law WL19 lock jk! () = close with a key physical evidence iol evita (n) evidence from the body e.9, blood play a role (ph) = act a part police detective iais icin (n) = police officer who investigates crimes present evidence in court (phr) = to tell ‘the jury about the evidence prison guard /przan gal (n) = sb who ! torn tow’ have mv had fay had ty tell ney told foo told faulty hear heard ow heard think ok thought fs! thought fos! hide ina hid ts hidden rico throw wow | threw ma thrown ou hit tw hit ay hit ty hold roi held ata held inte understand | understood jandrsud)_| understood anos! href hurt fay hurt ea lands keep kip’ kept ep! kept hep! wake wok) | woke faut woken /wackon! know foi) knew jus known fin) wear et wore jes worn faa win vey won jay won ran! lay ney lad ey laid on write fa! rote jut) written rel lead fia! led ea led ea leam fsa learnt (earned) tas | leant (earned) andi (ond!Prime Time 3 is a modular course at Pre-intermediate level. The course combines active learning with a variety of lively topics presented in six themed modules. x55) 0) x a a - MMS ‘Student's Book with r Vocabulary Bank eet: arena Book ‘Teacher's Book ‘nteieaved Teachers Resource Pal ‘student's audio CDs ‘Class audio CDs