Virginia Evans Jenny Dooley Ksenia Baranova Victoria Kopylova Radislav Millroodpesmi Jl; % agente AHIFNUUACKUN A3bIK Kuura ana yuntensa 10 xnece Noco6ne ana o6ujeo6paszoBarenbHbix yupexgeHnii n wkon c yrny6néHHbIM W3yY4eHKeM GHIMMMCKOrO ASbIKA Mocksa Express Publishingyak 372.8:811.111 BK 74.268.1AHrn A64 Cepn «388saHeW anrnilickwi» ocHoBana 8 2009 rony. Astoper: —_K.M, Bapanosa, fx. lynn, 8.8. Kontinosa, P.M. Munspyn, 8. 3BaHc ‘Authors: Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley, Ksenia Baranova, Victoria Kopylova, Radislav Millrood Acknowledgements Wie wuld like to thank al the staat Express Publishing who have contrbvtd ter skis to producing ths book Thanks for th support and patience ae due in partcvlr to Mery Philips (Edtor-n-Chet), Jule Rich (enor ect) Alex Barton (senior production contol andthe Express ubishing design team and Emily Newton, kevin Haris, Dank Prk, EncaThomason and Timothy Forster Ve wrod at ie fo thank these nsttutons and teaches wo poled the manuseigt and whose comments and feedback were nvauable nthe pduction ofthe book © Vigra Evans, Jenny Dooley KseiaBaranova Vitoria Kopyowa Rais Milcod 2010 Colour tasations: © Express Plating, 2010 Mutated by im Biggie Karan ergs, alexandra Lewis, Alan Shephard © Express Pbksing, 2010 While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Anrnuiiaanin sabix. Kira ana ywrena, 10 knacc: noco6ve nA o6uleo6paso8ar. yupexneHiii AG4 =~ Mk. cyrny6n. vay4eHviem axrn. 93. / [K.M. BapaHosa, fbx. flynv, 8.8. Konbinoea w ap.].—M. : Express Publishing : ipocsewerve, 2010. — 200 c.: wn. — (Basaran anrnuiicxni). ~ ISBN 978-5-09-021171-0. yak — 372.8:811.111 BK 74.268.1AHrn ‘YWueGHoe wsaanne Cepun «Spésqneui anraniicnniin Bapatiosa Kcenina Maxaiinosta ynu Dyxennin Koninosa 8ikropia BuKToposHa Munspya Paancnas Nerposi Beane BypaxnHin AHINUCKM A3bIK 10 nace Kuura ana yanrena NocoGne ans o6ueo6pasosarenbHbix yupexneHnit Mukon ¢ yrny6néHHbIM M3y4eHMeM aHrnMiicKoro A3bIKa esp rpynnts repanicxx n36IKO8 Pyrosopumens Uerrpa 8.8. Konsin08a 3am. pykosonytens LlexTpa no npoeKTam MH. Tewnosa Pyxceoaurens npoexra m penakrop 10.4. CunpHos Bumnyckaiowynh penaKrop MA, Cennves Koppextop Hl. Lyxar Hanorosas nerora — O6wepoccniick xnaccndpakarop npozykunn OK 005-93 - 953000. Msa.niu, Cepwa AD Ne 05824 or 12.09.01. 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Tseps, npocnexr 50 ner Oxta6pr, 46. © Express Publishing, 2010 ISBN 978-5-09-021171-0 © Visnarenscrso «Mpacsewenne», 2010 Bce npasa sauwuerssContents crs RetGm coi te | Reading oe Writing Sports ‘means of ‘comparatives/ | A journey Under | for opinion! | expressing Jan email toa Entertainment| transport superlatives _ the Sea attitude | interest friend of yours (pp. 5-34) sports (9) (multiple choice) | for gist talking about | about a travel entertainment | relative clauses | (PP- 6-7) for specific film you have | experience you lars ©» The London | information | See” ed yresent tenses | Marathon ving personal | short review ; hobbies eis cccorpiancny Fioeton fa fl 3 Word power: lease tenses _|(PP 10-1) expressing likes |leteslemalls of ; ways to walk 116) (cnuttiple dislikes ‘complaint i ‘matching) ncrasting i Op M415) contrasting ideas speculating a talk on | ‘extreme sports | ‘Across Cultures — Transport (p.26) Progress Check I (p.3!) Literature — Journey to the Centre of the Earth (p.28) Focus on RNE (p. 32) Green Issues — Our Energy Resources (p. 30) _ | 2 Food, Health | eating reported Mirror, Mirror on |for gist offer/refuse — a summary of a | & Safety disorders | speech (p.39) | the wall. for specific |food~drinks | text | @P-35-66) vegans future tenses | (multiple choice) | information |asking for~ a short text eating habits | (P-43) (pp. 36-37) detail [giving advice | about working jobs a ae sol ‘and agreeing - au = form resin iz emergency | Of) coxph, oa ae services hie logical (pp. 40-41) rath letters/emails of| food allergies | Se mptions/ | The Word of ideculort application! Word power: | deductions | Work (matching) recommendation| makeldo | (47) (op. 44-45) leteer/emais of | thanks, | congratulations Across Cultures ~ British & Russian Food (p. 58) Progress Check 2 (p. 63) ' | Literature — The War of the Worlds (p. 60) Focus on RNE (p. 64) f Curricular Cut ~ Food Technology (p. 62) i festivals & | gradable AFairto go | for specific | describing ashore lerer | celebrations | adverbs (p.7!) | Cuckoo About information | pictures toatind = | holiday belget/used to/ | (multiple choice) |for opinion | asking about/ | expanding i destinations | would (p.75) _| (PP. 68-69) recommending | sentences types of travel Tsingy places a short Weed posal pevenba ng rasons_|descinon ofa completion ‘examples o oye miloak (pp. 72-73) e interest | Been there, done lettersiemails | that differences _|invitingaccepting (muleple reachingan. —|~etusing matching) idecliion narrative! (0p. 76-77) descriptive | ‘emails/letters ‘Across Cultures — World Heritage Sites (p. 90) Progress Check 3 (p. 95) Literature — Last Horizon (p. 92) Focus on RNE (p. 96) Green Issues ~ Eco-Tourism (p. 94) -pemrsgeemmmemseert sess pmPerry Rorettog ‘4 Environmental | extreme inversion | into the Eye of | for specific Issues weather |(p. 103) the Storm —_| information (pp. 99-128) | conditions | the passive (lp choice) for gist weather | (p. 107) (@P- 100-101) | oral endangered | conditionas/ | Save the animals wishes (p. 110) Whales environmen inks (16) | eon) issues | ‘Word power: ee sounds (eultiple matching) (pp. 108-108) ‘Across Cultures — Disasters (p. 120) Literature ~ Moby Dick (p. 122) Curricular Cut ~ Geography (p. 124) Progress Check 4 (p. 125) Focus on RNE (p. 126) 5 Modern Living | science ‘emphatic The Designer (PP. 129-158) | rechnology | structures | (multiple choice) ae (chere, it) (pp. 130-131) (p. 132) Nanotechnology Meswyles —/atpoth, | the next big | ceenpeners whole, either, | thing? success neither,none, | (txt completion) fashion every (p. 133) | (pp. 134-135) Word power: | causative | Signs of the artificial fake, | (P- 136) Times false, clauses (p. 137) Keel counterfeit | far every. each, | 2H eee (pp. 138-139) even, abit, any | 14) | quantifiers | (p lal) for specific | expressing concern|a summary of information | describing text for detail experiences _| the weather for gist [repeating [report for confirming tomorrow argumentative making suggestions i essays agreeing! disagreeing discussing and reaching a decision on a | ropie making suggestions _|2 short article complaining | Pressing aoa your opinion ‘giving opinion on |argumencative a topic _ discussing and reaching a decision fon a topic ‘Across Cultures — Heroes (p. 150) Literature — The Caves of Steel (p. 152) Green Issues ~ Energy Efficiency (p. 154) Progress Check 5 (p. 155) Focus on RNE (p. 156) ‘Grammar Practice Section (pp. |59-184) Further Writing Practice (pp. 185-190) ‘Appendix | - Phrasal Verbs (pp. 191-195) Appendix II - Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepo: ‘Appendix Ill - Spelling Rules (p. 200) Appendix IV - Pronunciation (p. 200) Irregular Verbs 1ns/Prepositional Phrases (pp. 196-200)can s2e a lot of people runing in ‘race, It could be a marathon. Pic. | is from unit 3The unt is about diferent kinds of sports, T can see a tran station where people with bags and suitcases are either waiting to board (oF have just got off the trains Pic.2 is from ‘nit I. The unit is about travelling via the ‘can see some people riding in 2 ‘Channel Tunne! troll. Its winter Pie. 5 is from uni 11 Across Culkures. This unit is about diferenc kinds of transport. | ean see Superman from the film Superman Returns. ic. 3 is from Unie 6.The unit is about various types of entertainment Trean see some people on motorbikes getting ready to race. Pic.4 is from unit 8, Its about free-cime activiies and sport. . > Look at Module | + describe objects and places + Describe the pictures. + give personal information + Which units oe pictures from? What is > Practise . mach uneaboud + present and past tenses + relative clauses > Find the page numbers for > cmpunleshnelith Speers) — + phrasal verbs: take, make, set, put, see + anarticle about a stadium 3) ; * a famous magician 917 > WritelMake ... | econ 15 + an email about a travel experience + beginnings & endings of lettersiemails [ 23 E ‘+ a paragraph about the means of transport you prefer + a film review ‘+a presentation on unusual means of transport + a short article about how to save energy at home + alletter/email of complaint » Listen, read and talk about ... sporting activities + sporting events + journeys & means of transport + entertainment > Learn how to Across Cultures: Transport + express interestlikes and dislikes/preferences! opinioniastitude Literature: Journey to the Centre of the Earth + describe pictures + contrast ideas + speculate Green Issues: Our Energy Resources mooute 1| 5Several years ago, my wife and | came upon an advertisement in a travel magazine for an International exchange programme promising “the chance of a lifetime". Not one to let such an intriguing opportunity pass me by, but a bit hesitant about taking such a leap into the unknown, | dic some research and discovered that the programme involved something called house- swapping ‘After much discussion, my family and | decided to, as they say, go fori. Consequently, we were soon setting off for a holiday in the Peak District of England while our exchange partners were | settling down for their vacation in our flat back home in Mt Vernon, Washington. The exchange was {for a month and the time passed quickly. To end our time away on a high note, we decided to travel to Paris via the engineering marvel known as the Channel Tunnel. Being on a fairly tight budget, we opted for a package deal which included round-trip tickets on the Eurostar passenger train, five nights in a three-star hotel in Paris, Metro passes and unlimited use ofthe Paris bus system. When the package stil hadn't arrived after a week, | began to think that perhaps our trip hadn't been such a good idea afterall. Maybe it was a sign that we shouldn't go. ‘The tickets and vouchers eventually arrived and | scolded myself for having had such silly thoughts. On the day of departure, with plenty of time to spare, my two teenage children, my wife and I stood waiting eagerly on the platiorm at Waterloo Station, At exactly 7.57 am, we boarded our train and began our journey through the picturesque county of Kent. About an hour into our Journey, an announcement, in both English and French, informed us that we were about fo enter the Channel Tunnel ‘The Eurostar adverts had boasted proudly about the engineering feat that was the ‘Chunnel, {and the convenience it offered to those traveling between England and the Continent. They had spoken highly ofthe “lack of rough seas" and to me, @ person who gets seasick very easily, this was ‘a major seling point. When all is said and cone, however, | must admit that there were moments when | felt quite nervous about traveling 50 metres below the bottom of the English Channel Inside the tunnel ise, there really wasn't much to grab my attention — no posters or other artwork ~ so | busied myself studying the saa ‘occupants of our carriage. Some calmly read novels of newspapers; others quietly looked through business reports and notes. | quickly realised, however, that most ‘of my falow passongors were like my family in that they looked excited and vary happy to be enjoying such a hovel travel experience, (ur underwater journey ended as quickly as it had begun. All ofa sudden, we let the darkness of the tunnel behind and nosed out into the light of the pleasant French moming. The tracks being welkbuil, we quickly accelerated t0 300 kph, the speed of a Boeing 747 at takeoft. We arrived in Paris’ busy city centre a mere 180 minutes after LONDON leaving London. That journey, and indeed the whole ASIHORD > time that we spent on the exchange programme, have given us all a yearning for new experiences, and many 45 wonderful memories that we will cherish forever. hs a OV» read the tas sntance in each Reading & Listening Describe picture A: where it was taken; time paragraph. What is the article about? ‘fear; lice padpla fe4l; Listen, read and check. (See Answer Section) (See Answer Section) Ri |. For statements Look at the map.Which countries can you 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each see? How are the landmarks in picture B statement correctly. Then translate lines related to the map? (See Answer Section) 27-45 from the text into Russian. 6| mooueudy Skills Multiple Choice Read the text quickly to get an idea of what it is about. Read each statement stem, then find the part of the text which the statement refers to. Go through the choices and choose the one that fits best. The information in the text might be rephrased in the completed statement. wn 6 The writer first learned about the house-swapping scheme (line |) A from his wife, ® purely by chance. through a travel agent. D by doing research, The writer uses the phrase ‘go for it” (paragraph 2) to express the idea of B taking a risk B going abroad. flying on a jet. D having a choice. The writer chose the package deal because (lines 11-13) A they wanted to travel via the Channel Tunnel. B it included a stay in a top-class hotel. © it was cheap for what it offered. D icallowed them to use the Metro and bus system. The writer was most attracted by the fact that the Eurostar train (lines 23-25) A travelled so far below sea level was unaffected by sea conditions. C offered a convenient way to travel D used such a well-designed tunnel. Match the words/phrases in bold to their definitions. (Gee Answer Section) + passengers in + chance * reprimanded * sped up ‘longing for * achievement. * decided on ‘eased forward + different * usefulness + attractive + doing something without having previous experience of it + endless Fill ie high, cherish, rough, travel, tight, grab, package, exchange, business, nirigung. Make sentences based on the text, using the phrases. (See Answer Section) exchange programme | 6 rough seas fon a(n) high note 7 travel experience tight budget 8 grab my attention package deal 9 to cherish memories business reports }0- intriguing opportunity 5 8 During his journey through the tunnel, the writer (lines 26-29) A studied a business report. ® looked at the other passengers. € read a novel about travelling. D wished the journey would end quickly. We learn from the writer that (line 41) B the trip from London to Paris took 3 hours. B the train accelerates faster than a Boeing 747. the train’s top speed is 300 kph. D Paris’ city centre is busier than London's As a result of his experiences, the writer (line 44) A. began to think more about the past @® saw the value of doing new things. realised his journey was special D saw that he needn't have worried so much. Speaking Work in pairs. Imagine you have been on an interesting journey. Tell your partner about your journey. Say: + where you went and which means of transport you used + how long you went for and the reason for your journey ‘+ what you did during your stay there (See Answer Section) In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (See Answer Section) Writing Portfolio: Use your answers from Ex.7 to write an email to a friend of yours about your travel experience (80-120 words). (Gee Answer Section) mobosonic © Vocabulary & Grammar | Say which of the following verbs are used with the following means of transport. (See Answer Section) catch getoutof ride steer | miss get on(to) take disembark from get in(to) get of drive board GENE Ses jaar a tral a plane | a motorbike a boat a bus | | a bieycle a ship a taxi eg. catch a busia train. etc. _) Choose the correct word. Which means of transport is each sentence about? 1 Takeoff was delayed/missed for over an hour because of bad weather. (2eroplane) 2. The compartment was, so populatedicrowded | couldn't get a seat 50 | had to stand all the way. (train) 3. I took a new direct route that was fast/speed, so | reached my destination in no time. (car/motorbike) 4. The trafficicongestion on the motorway wasn't heavy.s0 it took us very litte time to get there. (car) 5. The crossing was rough/bumpy and we both got seasick. (ship/boat) 6 We broke/fell down outside York and had to wait for over an hour before someone came to get us. (car/taxi) 3 Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. 1 Last year we had the ....... €0 travel to China A occasion B opening € benefit B)opportunity 2. We reached the airport with plenty of time to Afree Bet ©spare _D spend 3 John spoke ....... of the service at this restaurant. A strongly B greatly ©highly D extremely 4) The location of the hotel was a major selling . of the holiday. Adewil —B feature ©point D aspect 5. The metro makes it easy to get around the . city centre. Bbuy Biull Cloud Denergetic 6 We....... London just before 10 pm. Areached B got Chad Darrived 7 The minister will....... an announcement later, Ado Bhave C form (D)make 8] mooue 1 8 When all is and done, it's his decision. @)said —B spoken Ctold D stated 9 There is a variety of marine life at the of the sea. Abase Bbed — C depth Bbottom 10 Our journey was a unique ... @rravel Brour Curip © Phrasal verbs « experience. D journey J. Fill in the appropriate particle. Check in Appendix I. Use the phrasal verbs in a story of your own. —_(See Answer Section) 1 Due to the heavy snow, no planes were able to take off 2 Getting my money back when the flight was cancelled didn’t make up for missing an important meeting. 3 Even though we set off late we stil made it to the airport in time. 4 The terrible flight has put me off travelling by plane again, 5. Whenever | go on a long trip my whole family sees me off at the airport. When the Channel Tunnel opened, many people had high 1) expectations. Instead of travelling for up to 3 hours by sea, the tunnel appeared to be an 2) attractive altemative. However, the Channel Tunnel project ran into some unexpected 3) difficulties, For example, nobody had DIFFICULT imagined that there might be a power 4) failure, leaving the passengers FAIL stranded in the tunnel for hours 4) Obviously, problems like this have ‘been overcome and the tunnel now satisfies passengers’ 6) requirements for a fast and enjoyable journey. EXPECT ATTRACT. OBVIOU: REQUIRE* Comparatives/Superlatives (GR p. 159 6 Read the examples. Translate them into your language.Are there similar structures in your language? What are they? (Ss' own answers) He runs as fast as John. She isn’t half as skilled as her sister. Motorbikes are faster than bicycles. This car is less expensive than that one. Petrol is more expensive than diesel. Ics getting hotter and hotter. The earlier we leave, the sooner we'll arrive. This is the fastest car Ive ever driven, In pairs, use the structures in Ex. 6 and the adjectives below to compare various means of transport: comforble, safe, economical, polluting, fast, reliable, dangerous, expensive, convenient, tiring, cramped, pleasant, leisurely, inconvenient, siow, uncomfortable, relaxing ete. (See Answer Section) ex a A: Traveling by plane is faster and more comfortable than travelling by car. B: However, travelling by car isn't as expensive as traveling by tain. eg. © Relative clauses (GR p. 160 Fill in: where, whose, who, which, why. Which of these words do we use for: people? thingslanimals? places? reason? possession? (See Answer Section) 8 Tenetife is a Spanish island 1) which is situated off the coast of North Africa. Having visited many islands — 2) where the nightlife is not very lively, I was thriled when | saw so many restaurants, cafés and discos in Tenerife. It is a stunning island 3) whose beauty captivates all those 4) who go there. That is the reason §) why many | people visit the island year after year. | 3 re 0 Join the sentences with relative adverbs or adjectives. (See Answer Section) 1 The tourists were robbed. They are talking to the police. 2. John is going on holiday to Ibiza. It is one of the Balearic Istands. 3 This is the shop.You can buy cheap clothes there. 4. Where's the milk? Ie was in the fridge. 5. In 1995, Ben lived in London. He worked for The Times. She tried on five skirts. None fitted her: Bob is a vet. He is my neighbour. He has three sisters. All of them are dentists wae | met a woman. Her son knows you. 10) RINE Complete gaps 1-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in capitals. * OAD COPPER EEELD) ‘Audiences around the world consider David Copperfield to be the greatest magician of ‘our time. Copperfield 1) was born in the United States in 1958. He 2) began performing magic at the age of 12 and became the youngest person ever admitted to the Society ‘of American Magicians, At 16, he was teaching a magic course at New York University, He then began singing and performing magic on stage in Chicago. At the age of 19, he 3) was given a break in television with his own show. His career in the ‘world of entertainment 4) took off Since the 1970s, Copperfield 5) has appeared in Emmy award-winning television programmes, stage plays, flms and personal tours. He 6) has travelled around the world and has elevated ‘the art of magic to new heights. In addition to 7) performing, he created a Broadway show, Dreams & Nightmares, which broke all box- office records during its run in New York City. “The secret,” says David, “is to consider nothing impossible, then start treating possibilities as probabilities.” BE BEGIN GIVE TAKE APPEAR Writing Which means of transport do you prefer? Why? Spend three minutes writing about the topic. il (See Answer Section) MODULE 1Lead-in | a) Which sports can you see in the pictures? Which is your favourite one? How do you think people benefit from doing sports? Use the ideas tell your partner. _(S¢ Se ») OP» Listen to person dacussng the questions above. Which of your points does he mondion? Sports are a great way to keep fit. | tC Team sports teach us how to work together | | to achieve a common | Sports teach us to balance competitiveness | Sports bring people together. Sports help us relax. } 2. {pgroups, discuss | A healthy mind ina healthy body Reading i ody means that f you are physically he > RINE Read the magazine article about the London Marathon. Study Skills ‘Choose the correct parts of - sentences (A-G) to complete Text completion gaps 1-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to Read the text through, then read the list of missing phrases. use. Compare answers with your Star iting the phrases into the gaps. Match the topic of the partner. Then translate the first ‘missing phrases with the topic of the phrase before and after ‘two paragraphs of the text into each gap. Look for clues such as reference words (he, there, Russian. tc) oF linking words (which, but, where, etc) before or after each ‘gap. Check that the phrase you choose fits grammatically and makes sense, Read the completed text to see iit makes sense. 10| mooute +EEE === ee eee a THE LONDON MARATHON Michael Scott talks about his success story of going from ‘being a sickly teenager to a London Marathon competitor. Growing up with @ heart detect was ciicu. While other kids my age were going to footbal practice and on beach halcays with their families, | was in and out of hospital. My only involvement in ‘a sporting competition was watching it on the television. One of my favourite events to watch was the London Marathon, When I was just 14, a man from London, named Chris Brasher, organised the frst London Marathon. t was 29 March 1981 and 7.747 people were involved inthe race. Overthe years, latched the event Now, there are 46.500 participants each year from all come ofthe world and ofl levels of abity. Many people say the marathon is the ultimate physical challenge. Athletes have to train physically and mentally for each marathon and be prepared for many challenges. | always found it surprising to see how many wellrained athletes did not complete the course each year. Out of the over 46,000 starters, on average, only 3,000 actualy crossed the finishing line, Some dropped out because o injury or ies, but mostjust “hit the wall’, an infamous experience suffeed when their bodies simply ran out of fuel For many runners, by the time they reached the 20 to 95 km point inthe race, they just couldn't go any further. Their muscles would eramp and ther heat and lungs could net obtain enough oxygen. but soon he realised how important this was to me B that would allow me to safely complete the entire 42.2 kms © but later that year he would regret his decision D_ which has grown into the biggest of its kind in the world E but | do volunteer each year to assist the athletes in any way | can throughout the race F which runs along roads, up hills and around some of the most famous sights in London G which was amazing since just a few years before I was barely able to run across the garden Each yea, | ed to imagine what it woud be ike to ine up before all the crowds and un the 42.2 km oute The race started in Greenwich Park, then competitors would race along the River Thames, towards Big Ben, eventually ending in front of Buckingham Palace. | decided to tak to my heat specs and nd out there was any chance that | coud tain my ody to handle runing 422 fans. As, he thought |'was joking, 1 begen waking for afew minutes at time, increesing my irtensy unt | was able to walk for 10 minutes a session. At the same time, | stated fing weights to build muscle strength ‘Over the course of a year, | progressed from just walking to running. Running became a daly thing for me and | was bulking mote svengh and conderce wih evry sep. My doctor was thrilled with my progress and allowed me to continue ora Fialy, athe ago 18, the ine came to apt forthe London Nara hoe eo) Sow tte pop wks tone tent fe aca end az much a | wated to new ta my chances were sim. Te Landen Maran isthe moa changing arate he wor eau bla how farihad eam anda aly my cream would came tue doctor and | wot ogahr ost outa taring schece Physically |was ft and my heart appeared tobe in ‘good condition. The biggest problem would be dehydration, as it would be with all of the competitors. On average most of the TFTA a ou in tie srclo BM Toa al is essential to all of the competitors. The year before, 710,000 bottles of water had been consumed during the race! ‘Soon enough it was race day. My family, as well as various tnd, wera gaheed to wah and suppor ma ws the most cite and be moa exting end evardg exprencn of mye tished the roce ness han 3 hous, Too, am ait ung. 1 Rave net compe in th Landon Marathon agan[B1-E"]. ene keg prin e arrcepere tnd sharing my su268 sony wih he oer ces | esrmed that as long as | try my best and have faith in myself | can do almost anything. Explain the words in bold. Then, in pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (Gee Answer Section) Listening & Speaking 01 FY Listen as you read the text again. Which of the following qualities best describe Michael? Discuss it in pairs, giving reasons. (See Answer Section) ‘determined + passionate + persistent * tolerant + courageous + stubborn ‘Michael is very passionate because he cared so much ‘bout the marathon. eg What would you do if you were Michael? Tell 6 your partner. (See Answer Section) mooue 1 | 11Vocabulary & Grammar Complete the exchanges. Use: dirty, win, play ny 80, Score sd, postponed, live, home, losts A: Its a pity they lost. B: Yes, but everyone said it was a dirty game. Te never played golf. ‘Why don't you have a go? Are they playing at home this week? No ~ the game has been postponed because of the bad weather. 2; 8: 3A B: 4 A; Do you think they'll win? B: If chey score first, they'll have a chance, 5. A: Have you ever seen a live basketball match? \__B: No.1 don't like team sports. 2 © Word Power (ways to walk) > a) Fill i slip, creep, stagger, wander, stray, march, sprint, trip tn the correct tense. 1 We watched the athletes march into the stadium waving their flags. (walk with regular steps as a group) 2. Gymnasts must be careful not to slip when performing on the beam. (lose balance) 3 The racing driver crawled slowly out of the wreckage unharmed. (move on hands and knees) 4 Two hours after the end of the match, there were still afew fans wandering around outside the stadium. (walk aimlessly) 5. The thief crept into the changing room to steal the athletes’ valuables. (move quietly) 6 On hearing the starting pistol, she sprinted towards the first hurdle, (run quickly) 7 The boxer had been hit so hard, he staggered across the ring and fell down. (walk unsteadily) 8 Tom had strayed into the wrong part of the stadium and was surrounded by fans of the other team. (wander away from a place) 9 Ifa horse trips, the rider may fall off and be seriously injured. (knock one’s foot against something and fall) b) Read the joke. What does trip mean? In this situation, trip means a short holiday Ttook a trip to Paris last week. ‘Gh, what a shame. Did you hurt yourself? 12 MODULE w ee. Choose the correct word. ‘Check in your dictionaries. ‘Then translate the sentences into Russian. The match was plannedisettled! fixedlagreed. They paid him to lose. Many fans were damaged/broken/ injurediwounded wien the wall fell. ‘The seating ability/capability/skill) ‘capacity of the stadium is 10,000. His opponent/contestant/foe/ enemy in the final match was his best friend. Jack finished the tennis match! contest/race/tournament in first place. He has faith/trustibelieficredit in himself and believes he'll make it. | think their chances. of beating their opponents are narrow/slim/ little! light. Athletes must be in top physical state/way/situationicondition Complete the sentences with the words: were involved, handle, dropped out, obtain, defect, volunteers I have been helping out as. a(n) volunteer at the local marathon for over ten years now. We didn't know that you were involved with coaching the ball eam. ‘After you obtain your pass, you can go and meet the players. The runner dropped out of the race after he hurt his ankle. Because of his age, he didn't think he would be able to handle the stress of the race She was born with a heart defect and must be very careful when doing sports. © Win/Gain 1) oF sin. Make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) win the 5S wina election competition win an 6 win a medal argument | 7 gain speed gain weight | 8 gain one’s sin experience | freedom He didn't manage to win the election.6 8 one © Present Tenses (GR p. 161 The match was fixed. Was it really? ! He scored the winning goal. Wow! That's great. They are in first place, How exciting! | saw the match live. Did you really? Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous. A, | see (see) you're wearing a new suit. You look very professional. Je was a record-breaking jump. Was it really? 2 3 4 5 6 T B: ‘Thankyou. am seeing (see) a dllent after work. She just seemed to go to pieces. Oh no! That’ terrible! ‘A: Why are you smelling (youlsmell) the soap? B: It smells (smell) fantastic, just like flowers. psp Te = Has he really + Are they really? ‘A: Are you enjoying (you/enjoy) your new job? + Did he really? + Did you realy? B: Yes. | enjoy (enjoy) working with children. =. Was Ie realy? Gar she really? A: Kim is (be) such an easy-going person. ETT B: Not today. It seems she is being (be) really Positive Negative ‘moody with everyone. Tes — ela bhing (tdekd of gong on holdy t= Eg jow! That's grea’ |* Oh, no! That's awfull zs ore briliane! terrible! B: I dont think (notlthink) its a very good idea, | Hoy citing! oir Barren nic A: am having (have) problems with my kitchen sink. Can you help me? B: Not really, but | have (have) the phone ‘)_ RINE For gaps 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to number of a good plumber who can. complete each gap correctly. You appear (appear) to have a rash on your face. Are you alright? B: Yes, I'm just nervous because | am appearing (appear) on a TV quiz show later today. ‘A; Whyare you tasting (you/taste) the sauce, Mum? : Ie tastes (taste) a bic bland. | think it needs more salt Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple, present continuous, present perfect Ot Werbjey_giadium is one of the world's most famous fret scone ow nh oa tan bo oi a in England. The 1)... sttucture was demolished in 2002 John is (be) in his office. He is talking (tall) to Mr ‘and the new Wembley Stadium opened on the same Harres 2) vn i London in 2007. Ie seems (seem) that package holidays are becoming (become) more and more popular. Itis one ofthe most expensive stadiums 8) nw bull A ‘single 133 m-high arch supports a movable roof that You are always using (alwaysluse) my shampoo! 4) oun Wembley the biggest covered football stadium in They are (be) so busy with their new house th ee aaa oureioey ie md the world. The 90,000 seats in the stadium offer fans more pee ere Cores eae Jeg room 6)... the Queen had inthe Royal Box of he old Crrvery cred iter Beemer (re) SA PETE stacium. There are 8 restaurants to choose from, as 6) John has been driving (drive) the same car for sx gg another 688 food and crnk outlets years now. I'm afraid that bus doesn't stop (not/stop) here. He has lived/has been living (live) here since 1985. How much do you earn (youlearn) in your current job? ies the first time we have eaten (eat) sushi. Everyday English © Expressing interest Wembley Stadium is designed to host athletics 7). ‘and concerts. One ofthe first musical shows it hosted was the British Live Earth concert held on 7 July, 2007. 1 A first — B initial © @©original primary 2A point B position C place ©) site 3 Anever B aways C offen Deer 4 @makes B creates C produces D constructs 6 Athat @than Com Das 6 Afa @well — C much D long 7 events B contests C races —_D matches Use the language in the box to respond to the following. They won the match. Did they really? MODULE 1 [13ne Lead-in EEN Think of as many words as possible related to entertainment. ‘Compare them with your partner. (Gee Answer Section) Describe the pictures. What forms of entertainment do you prefer? (See Answer Section) Reading Study Skills Matching Read the list of headings quickly, then read the texts once and try to understand the main Point of each extract. Read the headings again and underline the key words. Then read the texts again to find words/phrases that match the headings. The information may be paraphrased. Each time you choose a heading, cross it off. 14] mooute 1 RIVE Match the headings (A-H) to texts 1-7, Use each heading only once. There is one extra heading you do not need to use. ‘Theatre for all the family ‘An unhealthy habic A developing talent Healthy eating Unusual, useful learning Better in the theatre Talent finally recognised Enjoyable, but hard work IOnmonowpD Explain the underlined words in the text. Then translate texts 5 and 7 i (See Answer Section)Fresh from his campaign to improve the ualty of meals offered to children in British schools, television celebrity and well-known chef Jamie Oliver is on the warpath again. In his new television series, Jamie's Ministry of Food, he wil try to improve the quality of food offered to chiren in their homes. ‘According to Jamie, very few parents knovr the basic Principles of cooking, so their children are being raised on an unhealthy diet of junk food. [2TG)] Last night was the night to be in downtown Hollywood. Everyone who is anyone was there, either on the red carpet itself, or as a spectator on the sidelines. Cameras flashed and fans applauded as the stars exited their luxurious cars and entered the theatre for the event that everyone had been. ‘waiting for. The highlight of the evening was when. the gorgeous and gifted Ms Cameron held the prize she had waited so many years to get high above her head and tearfully dedicated it to her mother. Why not do something a bit different with your children this Christmas holiday? The TipTop Children’s ‘Theatre's latest production for the holiday season is a series of puppet shows based on some of the most popular pantomime stories. Each week in December there will be a diferent, thriling puppet pantomime for you and your children to enjoy. What's more, every ‘child who attends will receive a puppet as a Christmas present. Be sure to book early or you could miss out! 475) shocking though it may seem, research shows that most American children spend at least four hours a day sitting in front of the box. What that means is that ‘over a year-long period, these children watch over 1,000 hours of TV. Many experts are worried about the effects of this on children’s health. To make matters worse, experts have also discovered that 70% of childcare centres in the US have at least one TV on their premises. [SIF] A sudden hush descended as the magician walked onto the stage. The lights dimmed and not a sound could be heard as the people in the packed auditorium held their breath and waited for the entertainment to begin. For the next hour the magician performed tricks that had everyone gasping in amazed delight. Only in such a setting could this show be truly appreciated; for some strange reason it just wouldn't have been as impressive if it had been on television. (GTE] The Newtord Leisure Centre, which is known for coming up with innovative concepts to attract new members, will be running workshops ‘on circus skills for beginners this summer. The workshops are scheduled to begin later this month with an introduction to juggling. Kirsten Hynde, one of the UK's top jugglers, willbe leading the course. ‘She says that the course will not only be great fun but that it will do wonders for your general coordination skis [ZTE] kate Daniels is not your typical teenager. Discovered by a record producer just over a month ‘ago, this accomplished young lady has become a star practically overnight. Her mornings are filled with practising her scales and her afternoons are taken up with recording an album of her songs. Kate has stopped attending classes and now has all her lessons with a private teacher. Listening & 5, Fill in: overnight, popular, wonders, holiday, run, junk, childcare, to make, latest, packed, cost. Use the phrases : in sentences of your own. (See Answer Section) Speaking 1 junk food 6 holiday season is 4 Dv Leeann you rasa the 2 to make matters worse | 7 latest production peneceseeiay are from the 9 o'clock news. a Sheets Make notes on each text and 4 packed auditorium 9 run workshops Sad paairypas nie tied Seah 5 popular stories 10. become a star overnight the news. (See Answer Section) mooute 1 | 153 1 2 3 4 5 Vocabulary & Grammar Fill in each gap with the appropriate word from the list. Superman Returns, 1) directed by Bryan Singer, is an action film with an incredible 2)cast of actors and a clever 3) plot. After eliminating General Zod and the other Kryptonian villains, Superman, 4) played by Brandon Routh, leaves Earth to try to find his home planet of Krypton. When he finds nothing but ruins, he returns to Earth only to face more problems. Superman must again race against time to vcast) stop his enemies from killing people. Superman Returns is a — Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. She had a characterirenown/reputation/fame for being professional Peter Jackson likes to take/shoot/createlfire films in his native New Zealand. Minor actors usually play side/supporting/ helping/backing roles. The film is a(n) variation/change/adaptation/ version of the novel by Charles Dickens. The film has a huge budget that is calculated/ estimatedivaluediassessed to be more than £100 milion. The flim was metlenjoyed/receivedigreeted by fans despite what the critics said. Jim Carrey will play the portrayallpart/person! actor in the film version. The film was placedIset/located/put in Paris in the 1930s. Cross the odd word out. film: comedy, horror, adventure jive cast: weak, all-star, talented, beavefl ending: tragic, surprising, sudden, modern special effects: excellent, large, spectacular, great plot: ugly, awful, simple, complicated 16| mooute 1 modern 5) masterpiece, well worth going to see. The 6) audience will be sitting on the edge of their seats throughout this 7) sensational film. Don’t 8) miss it. © Past Tenses GR p. 163 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous. Give reasons. (See Answer Section) Tony was watching (watch) TV when the lights went out, They played (play) tennis with the Smiths yesterday. He livediwas living (live) in Paris in 2004. He was happy because he had won (win) the lottery Harry made (make) up his mind and then let us know his decision ‘When | saw Jane, she was buying (buy) a gift. Gary had looked/had been looking (look) for a flat for months before he found (find) one, ‘We had hoped (hope) to go on holiday, but we couldn't afford it and stayed home. When it started (start) snowing, he was in the garden. John had studied/had been studying (study) English for 7 years before he moved (move) to London. The band had been playing (play) for an hour when it started (start) raining. They were very tired. They had been travelling (travel) for more than ten hours.Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous, past perfect or past perfect continuous. Give reasons. (See Answer Section) * When my parents 1) suggested (suggest) that we go to see the David Copperfold performance at the local stadium, | immediately 2) agreed (agree). They 3) tld (tell) me about the amazing tricks that he 4) had performed (pertorm) in the past and I have to admit 15) was (be) intrigued On the night of the performance, as we 6) were centering (enter) the venve, there was an immense feeling of anticipation in the air while the audience 7) hurried (hury) to find their seats. As the lights 8) dimmed (dim), everyone 8) fll (fal) silent The show that 10) followed (follow) left me breathiess. After his fst trick, in which his assistant 11) cut (Cut) him in half, Copperild 12) invited (invite) ‘members of the aucience to supply him with dates of birth and anniversaries. He then 13) proceeded (proceed) to open a locked box and 14) pul (pull out ‘piece of paper with the exact dates printed on it! Then the illusionist 15) played (play) back an auciotape that he 16) had recorced (record) before the show on which he 17) had recited (recite) the dates that the ‘audience members 18) had given (give) him. ‘As the evening 19) progressed (progress) Copperfield 20) mace (make) a person disappear and reappear in another country, and magically 21) transported (transport) thirteen audience members to the back of the theatre. | was very impressed by Coppertiei's talent and | 22) had (have) to admit to myself that it was the greatest performance | 28) had ever seen (ever/see) © Key word transformations (6 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. Sally isn't as quick at typing as Pam. than Pam is quicker at typing than Sally is. Her parents didn't let her stay out late when she was young. allowed She wasn't allowed to stay out late when she was young, x | can't stand people laughing at me. laughed | can't stand being laughed at. 4 We had never been to Paris before. first It was the first time we had ever been to Paris 5 Rachel started taking piano lessons five years ago. been Rachel has been taking piano lessons for five years. onic 6 He has never flown on an aeroplane before. first It’s the first time he has ever flown on an aeroplane. 7 The last time I went there was two years ago. for | haven't been there for two years. 8 She waited until all the guests had arrived before she made her announcement. until She didn’t make her announcement until all the guests had arrived. © Prepositions Fill in the correct prepositions. Check in Appendix 11. Choose any five of them and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) 1 He aimed at the target and released the arrow. 2 He isn't keen on comedies. | was upset when our holiday came to an end. A lot of people live in isolation. The team are confident about winning the cup. Bellis famous for inventing the phone The lecturer gave an interesting interpretation of Shakespeare's sonnets. Her pet dog died from a mysterious illness. The old lady died in an accident. 10 He’ obsessed with the idea of becoming a film star Listening ee creer cre mage film. Answer the questions. (See Answer Section) we Which film did he watch? Who starred in it? Who was it directed by? What was the film about? Why was the film unusual? ounune Did he recommend the film? Speaking Q) You have recently watched a film. Tell your partner about: + the tidle/actorsidirector of the film + your description of the plot + your comments on the music/atmosphere etc + your positive or negative opinion al (See Answer Section) Writing [() Use your answers in Ex.9 to write a short review of the film. (See Answer Section) 1{17Listening for opinion/attitude | Look at the pictures. Match what the people say to each sport. Which words helped you decide? | just love it There's nothing like watching it live. | enjoy the atmosphere in the stadium. Everyone cheers and shouts. It's really great, especially when my team scores the winning goal. stadium, team scores the winning goal The following phrases express opinion. Which of them are used in the texts in Ex. 1? Expressing opinion/attitude + Love/don' like ..(1) + Teel that + I believe/don't believe that +L think/don’t think + Tome. + L personally .. (2) you decide? He can’t stand the 18) MODULE 1 | people get excited watching Most people learn how to do it as kids. I didn’t, but as | was watching the others having fun | said to myself, “It’s ff never too late.” At first J) [felt like 1 was going to. . drown, but after some time | leamt to float and became more confident in the water. Now | go twice a week, T know lots of people really enjoy playing or watching it but I personally can't stand it. I can't feel the tension and T can't understand how \ two people hit a ball back nd forth until one. of them misses. a a ball back and forth [EIA Think of a sport you like and one you don't like. Use the phrases in Ex.2 to talk about them, giving reasons for your likes/dislikes. Make sure you don’t mention the names of the sports.Your partner guesses the sports. (Gee Answer Section) Listening Task 5 RNE ‘Ow ‘You will hear six speakers giving their views on extreme sports. Match the speakers (-6) to sentences A-G, Use each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. A. | don't know why people lke them. B I'd rather do something more relaxing © I'm t00 afraid to try anything like that. D_ Other sports are too boring for me E Id lke to try a sport like that. F I don't enjoy it as much as | used to. G I don't regret my decision to give it up. o (Speaker T ts 4 S E F B D G6 2 Listening for gist Match the words to the picture(s). Some words match more than one picture. (See Answer Section) (On Listen to Tracey talking about an evening out. Where did she go? to the circus + theatre * circus * magic show Which words helped you decide? jugglers, acrobats, performing amazing tricks, trapeze artist, clowns a) You're going to hear someone talking about one of the following forms of entertainment: ‘+ magic show + juggiing act + puppet theatre Before you listen write some key words you expect to hear for each choice. (Gee Answer Section) b) Os now listen. Choose the correct answer. Did the speaker mention any of the key words? magic show, magician, disappear Listening Task Study Skills Multiple choice listening Read the statements and underline the key words. Listen once and note down any answers you can. Listen again and complete/ check your answers BNE #4 Do You wit hear an interview with an actor. Before you listen underline the key words. Listen and choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. ‘The speaker joined the drama club because A he had always enjoyed being a performer, ® he wasnt interested in the other clubs. © he had a lot of confidence in himself While he was at drama school the speaker ® had to learn every aspect of theatre work. B didn't like how competitive it was. © often got the best roles in productions. en \¢. onic Listening Skills When the speaker left drama school @ he dint have very much money to live on. B he found a theatrical agent immediately. © he found it dificule geeting auditions. The speaker realises that A he complains about his work too much. B he is more talented than other actors. © he is fortunate to have had so much work. ‘When talking about the roles he plays, the speaker points out that A\ he prefers to play character parts. ® he needs to work well with the other actors. C he only enjoys playing comedy roles. ‘What irritates the speaker about his job is that A it prevents him from having a proper family life. some of the people he works with are temperamental. C his work takes him away from home for long eriods of time, The speaker would like to do some directing because D he believes he has the necessary capabilities, B he has become bored with acting © he has been offered a project by some theatre producers. MODULE 1 19Speaking Skills Giving personal information | Complete the sentences about yourself. Imagine you are new to the class. Use the sentences to talk about yourself to your partner. There are five people in my family My dadimum works as 2 mechanic. My favourite subjects are Maths and English 5 In my spare time | surf the Net and play | 1 go to St Joseph's secondary school. aoe | My name's Nick I'm 14 years old, ive in Brazil, My name is Nick and I'm 14 years old. live in Brazil and go to St Joseph's secondary school. There are 5 people in my family. My dad works as a mechanic. My favourite subjects are Maths and English. In my spare time | surf the Net and play football Expressing likes/dislikes 2 OP» tisten to John talking about what he likes doing in his free time. Complete the sentences with the correct activity. 1 [really enjoy hanging out with my friends because we have a lot of fun together. 2. ike playing basketball and swimming because I'm a very active person. 3. I'm fond of fishing and | often go with my dad to the 7 lake Speaking Task 4 I'm keen on jogging and go regularly with my mum (personal questions) in the park. 5 I cant stand gardening | don't 3 Wine shout, youl Wiss olden you ony ike to get my hands eee doing in your free time? What's your favourite g hobby? Why? Tell your partner. 6 I'm not keen on reading because | do it a lot at Your Pat See Answer Section) school 71 just hate drawing, I's so boring aaa “siames 8 I really enjoy surfing the Internet It’s interesting and = fun. * Leal ikelenjoy [+ | just hate + I'm fond of + leant stand + I'm keen on + find. boringdificl, etc 20| mooute 1= re v Speaking Skills Contrasting ideas/Speculating 4 OW wich sports can you see in the pictures? What are they like? In what ways can they be dangerous? Listen and complete the sentences. _(See Answer Section) Both horse racing and motocross are challenging sports. 1) Although horse racing can be a great 2) form of exercise, it can also be qi dangerous. For example, if the horse falls, the jockey may 3) break their leg or injure their head. Similarly, motocross could be dangerous if the rider 4) loses control of the bike and crashes it. In spite of all the dangers, these sports require a 5) high level of fitness so they can help you stay 6) in top shape. Study Skills Delivering a speech Think of the question and brainstorm for ideas under the headings provided. Link your ideas with appropriate language while presenting it. While speaking, make eye contact with your audience. Pause brielly after each key point. Make sure you pronounce your words clearly. Speaking Task (monoiogue) RINNE Give a talk on extreme sports. Talk about: + what the possible benefits of extreme sports are + what the possible dangers are, with examples + if you would like to do extreme sports and why + what you think about extreme sports compared to other sports Prepare your presentation. Use language from the boxes as well as appropriate linking words/phrases. You will have to talk for 1.5-2 minutes. (See Answer Section) E Linking words ee Sirdar Ideas Benefits Possible dangers Also, and, similarly, £00 Contrasting ideas = ey of a — ugh + clause, + patie " is clause, In spite off Despite onion akeeeted Examples freedom. head/get for example, for instance helps you get ft concussion Expressing preferences very exciting fall Gea gree Vd prefer (+ to-inf) rather than challenging! height (+ bare inf) because ..' really ike t0 1 adventurous break armileg think .., I quite lke .. but 1 prefer... 'm adrenaline rush injure not very keen on .... I'd rather/I prefer ... requires skill shoulder/back 6s Lieen to a model monologue. What does the speaker say about the possible benefitsidangers of extreme sports? Would he like to participate in them? Why/Why not? (Gee Answer Section) mooute 1 | 21© Letters/Emails can be formal, semiformal or informal depending on who you are writing to, There are quite a few types, such as: invitations, accepting or refusing invitations, asking for or giving information, applications, complaints, apologies, asking forjgiving advice, giving news, ‘expressing thanks/regrets/congratulations etc. Before we start writing a letter/email it isimportant to think about who we are writing to. This will help to decide how formal informal the letter/email will be. | Informal letters/emails are sent to people you know well (es. Friends, relatives ete). An informal letter/email should consist of: © an informal greeting (¢.2. Dear Mary/Aunt Sue/Dadiete) © an introduction in which you write your opening remarks and the reason for writing (e.. How is it going? I shought I'd drop you a line 10 let you know ..) © 2 main body in which you write the main subjects of the letter/email in detail, starting a new paragraph for each topic. © conclusion in which you write your closing remarks (¢y. beter go.) © an informal ending «x. Love Your Best regan + your fst name) 1 Semicformal lettersjemails are normally sent to someone you know but are not intimate with (e.. your friend's parents, a distant ‘relative etc). Semi-formal letters/emails contain: © formal greetings (es. Dear Mr and Mrs Smith) © informal endings (c.. Bes: Wives Yours + full name) ‘© arespectful tone, depending on the relationship you have with the person * pronouns should not be omitted and idioms should be used carefully = Formal letters/emails are normally sent to people in an official Position or people you don't know well (e.¢. Director of Studies cic). A formal leter/email should consist of: © formal greeting (Dea Sir'Macla ~ when you do not know the ‘person's name; Dear Ms Jones ~ when you know the person's name) © an introduction in which you write your opening remarks and mention your reasons for writing (és. am writing to apply for the position of .) © a main body in which you write about the main subjects of the letter in detail, starting a new paragraph for each topic © a conclusion in which you write your closing remarks (cs. / look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.) © a formal ending (es. Yours faitjully ~ when you do not know the person's name; Yours sincerely ~ when you know the person's "| * serious, impersonal tone (e.g. It name) followed by your full name General outline for lettersiemails {greeting Jp Paragraph I: p> Paragraphs 2,3:)> Paragraph 4:p>sign opening development closing off remarks, remarks reason(s) \ for writing 22| mooute 1 © Style in informal and formal letters/emails aed zeae Greeting: Dear MaryiAunt Sue/Dad, ete + friendly, relaxed, personal tone (eg. Thanks so much for your fast letter.) + frequent use of colloquial expressions, idioms, phrasal verbs, short forms (e.g. Its been cages since we hooked up.) + pronouns are often omitted (e.g. Thought [a drop you a line.) + chatty, use of literary devices (e-g.Youre as stubborn as a mule | sometimes.) Sign off: Best wishes/Love/Yours/Regards, | Peter Greeting: Dear Sir/Madam/Dear Mr Smith, was pleasing to hear that you are in good health) + complex sentence structure — frequent use of passive voice — 1no phrasal verbs —no colloquial English — advanced vocabulary — no short forms (e.g.The iter in question, which | received last week, was damaged in transit.) Sign off: Yours faithfully/Yours sincerely, Peter Brownonic | Match the beginnings with the endings and say which are formallinformal. Then identify the type of letter (e.g. complaint, invitation etc). Games 8 mendnos . ae an nig ne ® relerences. Please do not hesitate to contact me it eee ot aoe ® 1 Soon and tell me your news. © _ We'd love to see you again. Please call and let us ienow i you can make ft © Fosse scspt my shows spoogs for my unseen behaviour. ee re : © 1 ox tomar sing you. ase tt ne know f the or bral sotat can rss ecco (© Talime what you think | should do. Wite back soon, ® incudng the | rst you wi accepts aves am aso se arms areal ett offs which ca HP You. @ _tamsorry tomiss the opportunity to meet the atts, but |Thope I can view their work at the gallery soon, 5 It includes advanced vocabulary. F It includes everyday vocabulary. = & It contains short forms and phrasal verbs. * Understanding the rubric 7 thas a friendly, personal tone.T 8 Ics an email asking for advice. F It is an email ) Read the rubric. Use the underlined key aiving advice. words to answer questions | (See Answer Section) You have received an email from a friend who ‘wants to go on a diet to lose some weight She feels very unsure about how to get started Write her an email giving her advice on what she can do to eat a healthy diet that will help her lose some weight Write your email (120-180 words) ||| Just got your email and I'd be glad to help. Here area few things | you ean do. ||| Fist of all, you've go to cut junk food out of your diet. There's no ||) nay you can camy on eating burgers and fries and lose weight. a ee ae | Secondly, you've got to eat at least five portions of fruit and going a | vegetables every day: And don't forget to cut down on ved meat. 3) What style should you use? ||) White meat like chicken and turkey has fewer calories and is much 4) What information should you include? healthier. 5 How will you address the person you are writing to? |) The ether thing you need to think about is what you drink. Forget 6 How should you begin/end? {fezy drinks and milkshakes they're no good for you. Ty frat juice 7 How should you sign off? cred ater tated. Fruit juices great bec tas lds of vite | Model analysis ‘and waters one ofthe bes things you can drink. Make sure you have | at least eight glasses every day and you'l soon see the results. 3 Read the email, Mark statements 1-8 T(true) | Hope my adice helps Gor ogo nom: Wie back and ell me how or F (false). Correct the false statements. its gis or bagi hy wot chop bind ars pera? 1 It has an informal greeting/sign off.T Best of Luck. 2. Some pronouns are omitted.T Love, 3. It contains examples of the passive voice.F Itdoes | Jennifer not contain examples of the passive voice. 4 Ie contains colloquial expressions. TFormal - Informal style Put an F for formal or an I for informal language. Give reasons. Compare answers with a partner. (See Answer Section) 1 I thought 6 drop you a line to... 11 Lam currently working at. 2 | am writing to inquire about 12. | fee! I must protest about .. 3 | would appreciate an early reply. 13 Why don't you come to dinner . 4 Why not pop up here to see us? 14. Id love to see you again. 5 Do keep in touch. 15. Thanks for the invitation 6 Well | think that’s all for now. 16 Please indicate whether you will be able .. 71am sorry to inform you that .. 17 Your presence is required at .. 8 1am writing in connection with 18 look forward to .. 9 Please accept our sincere apologies 19 I'm looking forward to . 10 I've been meaning to write to you for ages. 20 Drop by for coffee sometime .. COs ere teens greeting D> Paragraph I: pp Paragraphs 2 3: complaint(s) with justification(s)/ example(s) reason(s) for writing In the main body paragraphs, we present the specific points we are complaining > about, in separate paragraphs. We always, justify our points by giving examples/reasons. ee A letter/email of complaint is written when we want # to express our dissatisfaction about a specific problem. It is normally written in formal language ‘with an impersonal tone. The language used depends ‘on whether we want to complain in « mild or strong way. However, we should never be rude or insulting. ‘Inthe opening remarks, we state our complaint, including details of what happened and where) when the incident took place. Even though I have only used the cooker a few times, he grill no longer works. In the closing remarks, we explain what we expect to happen ~ eg. to be given a refund, replacement, apology etc. eg eg Lam writing to complain about a cooker 1 ‘ought fom your store iast week: (MILD) Dish 10 express my extreme dissatisfaction with a cooker I bought from your store last week, (STRONG) 1 look forward to your reply conceming the ‘mater. (MILD) T insist that you refund my money at once. (STRONG) ) Read the rubric and answer the questions. (See Answer Section) You recently attended a concert but you were extremely disappointed because the ticket agency ‘overcharged you. Also, although the programme advertised a 2-hour concert including a supporting act it lasted only 40 minutes and there was no supporting act. Pts frist teed i oser ta etinnerg oncoreer eck lh ‘explain the problem + ask for a refund | 1 Who is going to read your letter? Do you 3 know them? 2 What should you include? 24] wooue 1 a ‘What style should you use? Would you use a mild or a strong tone? Why?2 Read the letter below and number the paragraphs in the right order. What is the topic of each paragraph? Is it a mild or a strong complaint? Justify your answer. main complainc | ear latory; 7 with example | 7 ity, ol was reargsorto kate | purchased two tickets from your ticket agency at the full price of £20 each a month before the concert. 1 was therefore shocked to discover that the same tickets wore being sold for £10 each atthe door on the day ofthe concert, | T] Lam writing with regard to the Crazy Horses concert at Torford Town Hall which | attended on the 43th March 4 Jou wil understand that | am very disappointed with ths state of affairs and | feel that you should, at the very least, refund the sum of £40 | paid for the | tekets. look forward to receiving your prompt reply concerning this matter, “~~ action expected reason for writing 3 ]Furtnermore, the published programme was misleading. advertised a 2-hour concet including 2 supporting act. AS it turned out, there was no | supporing act and the band only played for forty | minutes. fe Fase ta second complaint | Yours fatty, ae Helen nt | Helen Hunt (Mrs) This is a mild complaint because the writer uses language such as ‘I feel’ and “You will understand’ to | moderate the tone of the letter. | ———— Read the extracts. Which are beginnings! endings? What tone has the writer used in ‘each - mild or strong? ‘ending - strong tone 1 | must insist on a full refund immediately or | shall | be forced to take the matter further. beginning - mild tone 2. Lam writing about the ZXF camera I recently| purchased from your company. I am afraid the enclosed product does not work. ‘ending - mild tone 3 1 would appreciate it if the credit card could be replaced as soon as possible. beginning - ‘strong tone | 4. wish to inform you that | was profoundly offended by the rudeness of one of your shop assistants. Yours sincerely, Tina Smith —_—— z onic We use clauses of concession to justify our complaints. Read the example, then join the sentences using the words in brackets. (ee Answer Section) 1 [called your store several times. | have not had a reply. (although) Although I called your store several times, have not had a reply 2. Lonly bought the kettle last week. It has stopped working. (even though) 3. Your engineer called for the third time in the past two weeks. | am still without a working machine. {in spite off 4. The advert said batteries were included, When | ‘opened the box, they were not inside. (but) 5. | paid for a 256MB memory card.The one in the box was only a 128MB one. (despite) Writing: Letters/Emails of complaint w (6 Read the letter and fill in each of the gaps with one of the phrases below. How does the writer sound? The writer sounds sincere and apologetic. +I want to tell/l am writing to + aboutiwith regard to + forgive us/accept my sincere apologies + any inconvenience/the trouble + full refundlyour money 'd just like to say/May | take this opportunity to * buying tickets from us again/remaining a loyal ‘customer Dear Mrs Hunt, 1) Lam writing to you 2) with regard to your complaint about your recent experience at the Crazy Horses concert Please 3) accept my sincere apologies for 4) any inconvenience we have caused you. Of course, 5) a full refund has already been dispatched to you. 6) May I take this opportunity to thank you for your custom and express my hope that this unfortunate situation has not deterred you from 7) remaining a loyal customer. You recently bought a DVD player online. Its disc tray keeps getting stuck. Send an email to the company. In your email (120-150 words) you should: + state when you bought it + explain what the problem is + ask for a replacement (See Answer Section) mooute 1 | 25a) Look at the pictures. What can you see? Where would you expect to find these means of i transport? Have you ever travelled in any of them? What Ina city like Venice, it stands to reason thatthe principal was it like? Tell your partner. mode of transport would be some sort of boat. Say the (See Answer Section) Word ‘gondola, and romantic moon-lt evenings spent b) Write down three things you lazily floating along any one of Venice's countless canals would like to know about each 1) springs to mind. However, gondolas are 2) ar more means of transport. Read than that i through to find if these things Before the advent of motorised boats, gondolas, because are mentioned. of their manoeuvrability and speed, 3) were used to (See Answer Section) transport both people and goods within the city and to the nearest islands. Originally used as a private means of Read the texts. For each gap, fill transport for the weaithy, gondolas quickly became a sort in the appropriate missing word. of tax’ for people ofall classes to get 4) from one part of ‘Compare answers with your the city to 5) another. partner. Read the texts again. Answer the questions. (See Answer Section) 1 What does the word ‘gondola’ often make people imagine? 2 Why did gondolas first become popular with Venetians? 3 How did the idea for donkey taxis ‘come about? 4) Which Far Eastern form of transport are pedicabs similar to? 5 What was the troika originally used for? 6 How does the movement of the middle horse in a troika differ from that of the outer horses? Match the words in bold in the texts to their meanings. (Gee Answer Section) + simple + powerful « side by side ticles to be sold * noticed + ease of movement + moving slowly across water + arrival + coping with + rich in detail * tinkling metallic sound +a charge for a service 26) mooute 1There is a very interesting means of transport The troika — a Russian carriage or sleigh drawn 1) by a trained available in Spain, n places like Malaga or team of three horses running abreast - is, for many, a symbol Mijas, tourists can see the sights 1) from the of mighty Pussia herset. ack of a donkey, or burro, as they are It developed 2) as a means of efficiently crossing vast called. Back in the 1960s, a group of tourists distances and negotiating long and dificult roads at great spotted some workers riding their burros speed. Up until 1860, the troika was the primary means of back from their fields. After 2) having their anepert i pole pictures taken with the burros, the tourists asked 3) if they could go for a ride. The workers agreed that they could, for a small A ioumey in a troika is a wild, exciting and memorable experience. The horses that pull the troika are arranged so 3) that the centre horse moves straight forward at a trot while the two outside horses move at a smooth gallop with slightly ‘outward-bent heads. The jingling sounds of bells on these elaborately-decorated, colourful sleighs can be heard 4) for miles around. The troika has come to mean so §) much more to the Russian people than a mere means of transpor. It is an image of Russian freedom and the Russian soul and spirit fee, and the tradition of the burro taxi 4) was born. In the town of Mijas there are about sbdty of these four-legged taxis and, 5) even if you don't know exactly 6) where you want to go, the burro’s owner will take you for a pleasant hall-hour ride along the main streets for a very reasonable price, Visitors to Britain may be surprised to come 1) across a new form of transport. Virtually silent and non-poluting, pecicabs in cities 2)such as London and Edinburgh can be hired to 3) take you to the restaurant or theatre of your choice, or simply to see the sights. But what is a pedicab? It is actually a sophisticated form of a rickshaw, a form of transport that is common in the Far East. The pedicab is basically a lightweight tricycle that can carry 4) up to three passengers and is powered 5) by the driver — a fit young cyclist Costing about £3 for a half-mile trip, pedicabs are not cheap, but they have certainly proved populer 6) with tourists, and their numbers are increasing. 4 )s Lisean as you read the ICT ‘tn pairs or small groups, find out about two more texts again. Tell your partner unusual modes of transport in the world. Research: ease aues yes tanoraee has ea ee Wey tay opine hs ia ay about each means of transport. they are popular. Present your findings to the class. (Gee Answer Section) a mopute 1 | 27Ong Literature What do you know about Jules Verne? What kind of books did he write? Read the biography and check. (Ss! own answers) SE ba ibs Verne (1828 — 1905) was a French author who is famous for his science-fiction novels. He wrote exciting adventure stories about space, air and underwater travel. His works include From the Earth to the Moon (1865), 20,000 Leagues under the Sea (1870) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1872). His most famous novel, journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), is about a professor and his nephew, Harry, who find directions for getting to the centre of the Earth. Their journey takes them on many exciting adventures with everything from volcanoes and water caverns to sea monsters and cavemen. -) Look at the picture and read the first "sentence of each paragraph. What do you think happens in the extract? Read through and check. (Gs own answers) 3 RINE Read the text again and choose the correct parts of sentences (A-G) to complete gaps I-6. There is one extra part ofa sentence you do not need to use. | Match the highlighted words with the meanings below. ‘tired + immediately + big, huge * float ‘fright + friends.» again 5,8) Use a dictionary to explain the words in bold. .e Answer Section) b) Explain the underlined phrases in your ‘own words. Are there similar phrases in your language? (See Answer:Section) 28| mooute 1 6 Rene I TTS’ to the Centre; of the I oN A Res Fill in the gaps with words from the list. + gigantic + strange + deadly «light + jaws lost + wide-stretched + fiercely stared fiercely 5. wide-stretched mouth hideous ja 6 strange noise briliant light 7 lost consciousness gantic eyes 8 deadly dangerItis difficult for me to tell what the real time was, but | suppose it must have been ten at night. | lay on the raft, almost unconscious, in a sort of half dream. | saw strange visions of huge elephant-like creatures side_by side with great sea- The raft suddenly tumed around on the current and entered another tunnel. A mist seemed to drift from the roof of the tunnel, through which the moonlight shone, casting its brilliant light on our thin, ‘exhausted figures. The light grew brighter as we moved forward, while the roof sloped upward, until at last we floated ‘once more into a vast, water-filled cavern At the side of this underground lake, a small cave with a sand-covered floor offered us a place to stop and rest our ‘weary bodies. My uncle and the guide moved as if they were in a dream. | was afraid to wake them, because | knew how dangerous a sudden surprise can be to someone in this state, [31G]- As | did so, something moving in the distance caught my attention. It seemed to be floating on the surface of the water and it was coming toward me. | knew at once that it was something monstrous. It was the size of a whale, with hideous jaws and ‘two gigantic eyes Itried to stand, to run in any direction, but my knees were shaking too much, and | nearly lost consciousness. 7 aed Do Listen as you read the text again. Imagine what jonster in the cave at the end of the extract might look like. Use the language below and your own ideas to describe the monster to your partner. (See Answer Section) the Size (Gigantic, monstrous, huge etc) Body (head of an eagle, body of a snake etc) Other features (glaring eyes, hideous jaws, sharp claws etc) And still the mighty monster advanced, making a strange noise like nothing | had ever heard. His massive jaws and wide- stretched mouth looked large enough to ‘swallow a boatful of men. | discovered that his mouth was like a shark's, [STE]. In order to catch us in his mouth, he had to tun onto his back which made his legs kick up helplessly in the air. | actually laughed, despite the deadly danger. But then, with a wild cry, I ran further into the cave, leaving my companions to their fate. The cave was deep and dimly lit. After about a hundred steps, | stopped and looked around. The sandy floor of the cave was covered with the bones of reptiles and fish - bones [6] A]! | felt sick and my body ‘shook with horror. As the old saying goes, | had ‘fallen out of the frying pan into the fire’. Some beast larger and even more ferocious than the shark-crocodil lived in this cave. which had been freshly chewed ‘hich stared fiercely at me as it approached but it was of little or no use ‘whose high roof was hidden in a bright cloud of mise but his body was that ofa giant crocodile which were combinations of gigantic fish and animals so I sat down beside them to watch b) Use the phrases from Ex. 6 and your own ideas to write a description of the monster. (Gee Answer Section) © Translate the last two paragraphs of the text into Russian, eg. The gigantic monster had the head of lizard and the body of a horse. mopute 1 | 29Ous ENERGY Resources ‘There are two categories of energy resources: renewable and non-renewable. Non- renewable energy sources are almost 1) impossible to replace once they have been POSSIBLE used up. Renewable energy resources, on the other hand, never run out Non-renewable energy comes from fossil fuels such as coal, oll and natural gas. They were formed over millions of years from the remains of living things, and are found deep 2) underground. Fossil fuels release energy GROUND when they are burnt, but they also release large ‘amounts of carbon dioxide, which pollutes the ‘atmosphere and increases 3) global warming, Renewable energy resources include wind, water and solar power. The Earth has an 4) endless supply of these forms of power and using them causes litle or no pollution The power of the wind is converted into electricity using wind turbines. Flowing water, Whether from dams or ocean waves, can be very 5) powertul, while energy from the sun can provide warmth for our homes. Cutting down on the amount of fossil fuels we Use would reduce pollution and conserve the Earth's resources before they disappear 6) completely. We can all help - for example, COMPLETE by walking instead of driving, and tuning off the lights when we leave a room. #25, coal, oil, wood | Look at the pictures. Which Speaking enelgy resources do you think, will eventually run out and 1 In pairs, discuss the benefits of using water, wind and which ones will not run out?, solar power as energy sources. (See Answer Section) Read through and check. Listening 2 RINE ¢4 Py Read the text O and complete gaps -6 with the <1 Pi Listen to two people talking about how to save correct derivative of each word energy. List the points under the headings: home = school. in capitals. Compare answers (Gee Answer Section) with a partner. Listen and check. ON” fe 4 Match the words in bold to their meanings. ICT in groups, collect information, then write a short (Gee Answer Section) article about how to save energy at home. You can use * cut down on + from the sun ideas from Ex. 5.You can visit this website: + machines that turn to produce httpi/lwww.eere.enerzy.goy. Go to | want to power * types = leftovers Click on (©) Save Energy at Home + protect ([rom loss) * substitute (See Answer Section) 30| mooute 1Seworvauaun— Fill in: To get into the Olympics, you must train hard. | really liked the actor who played the supporting role, ‘The performance was postponed until next Monday, This stadium has a(n) seating capacity of 50,000. He sprinted to the finishing line to take second place. John can’t play this week. He's injured. My opponent in this tennis match is also my cousin. He managed to finish the race in third place. | have to leave now if | want to catch the bus. | don’ like flms that have a(n) tragic ending ( {Poines: __ 10x2 20 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. ‘A; What were you doing (youldo) this time last weekend? B: We were travelling (travel) to York. ‘A; Who's she? Why is she looking (shellook) at us? B: | didn't notice (notinotice) her looking at us. ‘A: Did you see (you/see) Ann at the party last night? No, she (had) left (leave) before | arrived. «: Are you doing (youldo) anything tonight? ‘Yes, | am going (go) to the cinema with Steve. Why were you (youlbe) late yesterday? | was waiting (wait) at the bus stop for over forty minutes before the bus arrived. ( Poines: _ \10x2 20) Pr ere Join the sentences. Use relative clauses. Rachel is my best friend. She is an actress. Rachel, who is an actress, is my best friend ‘Cumbria is a county tis in the northwest of England, ‘Cumbria is a county which is in the northwest of England, Lyn’ sister is a famous model. Lyn is my neighbour. Lyn, whose sister is a famous model, is my neighbour. Ian's going to Rome. He will visit the Colosseum there. lan going to Rome, where he will visit the Colosseum, | want to learn to play snooker Its a difficult game. | want to learn to play snooker, which isa difficule game. a) Fill in: or Their car broke down on the way to the airport. Hf they had set off earlier, they wouldn't have been late for their fight “Progress Check | 3. They got a lift from their friends, who had come along to see them off 4. They managed to check in quickly. 5. They boarded the plane just before it took off. ins: \ xa 7) b) Fill in: 1 Steven Spielberg has a reputation for making good films. 2. Ralph Fiennes is most famous for his role in The English Patient. 3 In the film, the hero died from his wounds. 4 Tom was very confident about his chances of winning the race. 5 Paul is obsessed with football. He talks about nothing else. ( Poines: | \sx2 10} Fill in the gaps with the correct form and tense of the verbs in ‘We are amazed and impressed by acrobats and jugglers, mostly men, tossing around a variety of objects. Recently, however, a wornan I)has taken centre stage in this male- dominated form of entertainment. Her name is Meike Fromm and she is from Germany. Her stage name is Mika, and she 2) is considered CONSIDER the best female juggler in the world. Mika holds a Master's degree in Physical Education and is a certified teacher. She TAKE 3) works with children with special needs in. WORK the New York City public school system. Since 1995, Mika 4) has performed in PERFORM. circuses. and live shows as an entertainer around Europe as well as the United States. Her unique style 5) has allowed her to move = ALLOW beyond the standard style of juggling and add 2 theatrical touch to her performances."! love my art, and | am just so very pleased to have the opportunity to share it with others.” says Mila, (fos <=) sx4 20} ("re a) Now I can... + talk about free-time activities + talk and write about a sporting event + talk about journeys and means of transport * express interest and preferences, likes/dislikes, opinions, attitude + write a film review + write a letter/email of complaint in English mooue 1 | 31Module 1|) 0005 0 RNE Reading - Part 2 Read the text and choose the correct parts of sentences (A-G) to complete gaps I-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. Moscow Marathon ‘The procession winds its way through Moscow. Leading the way are smiling, waving women dressed in| uniforms 1) ....... . Next comes a full military orchestra, in step and playing loudly. After them are the runners, ‘several thousand of them, representing the four corners of the globe. | am among them, and | simply cannot believe that | am a participant in this awe-inspiring event. We stop at Red Square infront ofthe cathedral of St Basi, one of the most beautiful buildings on Earth. The! bells on the Spassky Tower of the Kremlin strike 11 times, and the Deputy Mayor of Moscow shouts out the: signal 2) ....... | am running the Moscow Marathon! | repeat these words silently to myself ke mantra. AS | quickly look ‘around me, | see that most of my fellow runners are Russian. They are not wearing fancy sun-glasses or name- brand shorts, 3) ....... . What is more, they look incredibly determined to not only complete the course, but ‘to win it.I realise | have my work cut out for me. ‘The Moscow Marathon course is surely among the most scenic on the planet. It runs through the heart of Moscow, along the Moscow River, 4) . Along the route are palaces, cathedrals, churches with shining gold cupolas, well-kept parks, sparkling fountains and stately monuments. The wide avenues and boulevards ‘are spotlessly clean 5) From almost anywhere along the course, the seven huge neo-Gothic ‘skyscrapers built by Stalin can be seen. Before | know it the finish line comes into view. The last quarter ila! | am nowhere near the front ofthe pack, but I can hear the boisterous applause ahead 6) ...... . | feel no sense of defeat. | came to this historic city to compete, to complete the Moscow Marathon. In afew minutes I will have done what | had set out to do. And with the litle breath that | have lft, all can say is that itis the greatest feeling in the world. A. but they still look like professionals. F that starts us off on our gruelling B and lined with busy shops, restaurants, 26.2-mile race through the streets of the and cafés, ancient city. © which are similar to those worn by the G passing the ancient walls of the Kremlin. proud soldiers of the Napoleonic Wars. D as the first fow lead runners cross the [1] 2] 3 | 4] 8 | 6 ans Cer | -*« | oe | 87am E and | wonder whether I can complete the run. 32| mooute 1Use of English - part 1 Read the text and complete gaps I-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in capitals. The Walk Natalie raised her face to the warm spring sun and took a deep breath. How wonderful Part 2 Read the text and complete gaps Unusual Restaurants All over the world there are restaurants | for people who are looking for dinner with 1-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. it was, she 1) thought,to be out in the fresh © THINK) a I+) difference. DIFFERENT air again after a long, cold winter. Dubai may be hot, but diners need to dress “Come on, hurry up, or we 2) will be late for BE up very 2) warmly for a meal at the ‘WARM. lunch!” Leo said as he walked along the | Chillout restaurant, where everything is forest path ahead of her. | made of ice. Other ice restaurants can be They 3)had been walking through the WALK | found in Finland, Canada and Russia. ‘woods all morning and Leo was beginning to In the Canary Islands, the El Diablo ‘get hungry after all the exercise. Restaurant uses 3) volcanic heat to cook VOLCANO — “We've got plenty of time,” replied Natalie the meals. Situated on the volcano itself, the | cheerfully,“and | 4) don’t want to go home NOTWANT 4) circular restaurant has glass walls, CIRCLE yet Its so lovely here,” she added. providing breathtaking views of the moon- | Leo 5) was surprised by her enthusiasm. SURPRISE like landscape and the sea beyond. Natalie hadn't been very keen to come The Ithaa Restaurant in the Maldives is 5 walking when he first suggested it. metres below the Indian Ocean. The “You are funny” he said."Where 6) did you get GET ‘curved, transparent walls give diners an (you) so much energy from all of a sudden?” amazing view of the 5) surrounding coral SURROUND _ “Oh, I'm not sure,” Natalie said, 7) laughing LAUGH reef. There is a covered staircase leading | happily, “but perhaps the fresh spring air and down to the restaurant so diners remain | the good company might have something to | completely dr COMPLETE — do with it!” 5 eee — J Part 3 Read the text. For gaps 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each gap correctly. Moscow hosts unique Winter Sports eve: In February 2008, 25,000 spectators attended a Snowboard World Cup event at Moscow State University. The youngest competitor, 15-year-old Roope Tonteri from Finland, 1). because a special ramp, 46 metres high, was built In January 2009, Russia again showed its support 2)... purpose-built ski ramp was constructed for the International Ski Federation (FIS) World Cup Race. It was so large that it entered the Guinness Book of Records ‘The FIS had been encouraged by the 3) atthe time of the event, it was the warmest winter 4) was transported to Moscow in refrigerated train carriages, More than 20,000 people watched the 2009 event in Moscow. Sixteen top international competitors from 10 counties 5)... part in the parallel slalom race, including two Russian athletes. After the competition the athletes visited Sochi. They were shown the 6) wn. of the 2014 Olympic Winter Games and went skiing with the Russian Prime Minister. ‘These events in Moscow clearly demonstrated to the world Russia's readiness to 7) .... winter sports events in the future. 1 A achieved B arrived ©) reach 2A § @B for 5 Pee D 3B success B victory € feat D 4 Anever ®@ever € still D S Apu Bdd Cpr © 6 A position B place © area oO 7 A play B act © stage D the finals and finished second. The event was made possible winter sports. In the Vorobyexy Hills in central Moscow, a giant of the 2008 snowboarding event to hold an Alpine event in Moscow. Ironically, in Moscow, and snow had to be brought in from Siberia, The snow ‘competed with triumph yet took site perform wooue 1 | 33Listening - Part 1 You will hear six different speakers. Match the speakers (1-6) to sentences A-G. Use ‘each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. You'll hear the recording twic need to be able to relax while 'm watching a film. | can watch films with my friends much more cheaply than in a cinema. believe too much TV can lead to poor health. I can't afford to see a film at the cinema. | think watching films on TV or DVD just isn’t the same. | don't want to go to the cinema any more. {like to make seeing a film a special occasion. Part 2 You'll hear a conversation between two friends. For statements 1-7, decide if each ‘statement is True, False or Not stated. Circle the answer you choose. You'll hear the recording twice. Charlie went on holiday to the seaside last year. DB Tue B false © Not stated Emma did not go on holiday this year A Tue B False © Nor stated Charlie did not have time to vist the Hermitage. A True ® Fase C Not stated ‘Charlie wanted to go shopping where the locals shop. A True B False © Not stated Charlie booked his holiday on the Internet. A Tre B False © Not stated Emma thinks the metro system in her city is unattractive, @ Tre Emma is planning to go to St Petersburg. A True @ Fase —C_ Not stated B Fake © Not stated 34] mooute 1 Speaking Task 1 (3 - 3.5 minutes) Give a talk on sport. Remember to discuss: + what kind of sports are popular with people, why + how important sport is to your age group, why ‘+ whether it is easy to do sports in your area, why + what sports you enjoy doing, why You will have to talk for 1.5 = 2 minutes. The examiner will listen until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions. (See Answer Section) Writing - Part 1 You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Jack, who writes: .. The big thing in the UK at the moment is ‘extreme sports. Football and cricket are stil popular, but teenagers want to try bungee jumping ond snowboarding. Could you tell me What you and your friends think about extreme sports? Are there any places where you can do this kind of sport in your area? What extreme sport is the mast popular in Russia? Did | tel you that it’s my birthday next week and that I'm going to have o party . Write a letter to jack. In your letter + answer his questions + ask 3 questions about birthday party Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing, (See Answer Section)= ® / \ I can soo some fresh strawberries in a small basket. This type of basket is called a punnet Pic.2is from unie 6. The unit is about the requirements of different jabs I can see some fruit on a plate There are grapes and peaches. Pic.3 is from unit 3.The unit is about healthy food and living a long life Food, Hea > Look at Module 2 + Describe the pictures. + Which units are the pictures from? What is teach unit about? / \ Module 2 Units 1-14 can see some people who seem to be having a meal in a smart restaurant. Pi. | is from unit 8 ‘The unt is about deciding where to go for an evening out I'can see an ambulance on a road ‘going through countryside. Pic. 4 is from unit §.The unie is about the world of work. th & Safety > > Find the page numbers for slaneomtenst [78] + ajob advert 4 + aljoke EI + arable of information about food [42] > Listen, read and talk about ... + food/drinks — tastes + eating habits + eating disorders + jobs > Learn how to ... + ask for and give advice + make assumptions/deductions + make suggestions/agree — disagree + reach a decision Across Cultures: can see a girl trying on clothes in a shop. ie. 5 is from unit |. The unit ts about a health problem, Practise ... + infinitive/-ing form + future tenses + moakeldo * reported speech + phrasal verbs: come, get, bring, look, keep + compound nouns Write ... + a short summary of a text + a short text about working in the emergency services + letterslemails (application, recommendation, thanks, congratulations) ritish and Russian Food Literature: The War of the Worlds Cur ular Cut: Food Technology 35 MODULE 2oni¢ 10 16 Lead-in a) The title of the text comes from a well- known fairy tale. Can you complete it? Mirror, mirror on the wall,who is the fairest of them all? b) (Os these groups of words appear in the text. Say what you think the tex about. Listen, read and check. (Gee Answer Section) * lively teenager * her behaviour started to change * hardly ate anything * burst into tears * skinny and pale * enraged by the slightest thing ‘distorted body image + lack of self-esteem ‘urgent medical attention * weight back to normal + colour returned to her cheeks Reading RINE Read the article about a health problem. For statements 1-7, choose A, B, C orD to complete each sentence correctly. Compare answers with a partner. Then translate lines 43-56 from the text into Russian. nerves. My daughter Sarah had just turned sixteen and was studying hard for her GCSEs. | knew she'd do well, ‘as she was top ofthe class in all her subjects at school and had always been a high achiever. But as the time for the exams drew nearer, her behaviour started to change - drastically ‘Sarah became sullen and withdrawn. She wasn’ the lively teenager | knew. But the most worrying thing ofall was that she was hardly eating anything, She refused to eat with the rest ofthe family and was having only light snacks in her room. At the time | didn't want to make a big deal of it, as thought d just make her more anxious about her exams. | ‘was convinced that once she'd taken the exams, she would soon settle down and everything would get back to normal. But it didn't. In fact, it got worse. By the middle of the ‘summer, Sarah had become very skinny and pale. She also had wild mood swings, bursting into tears or becoming enraged by the slightest thing. | should say at this point that my initial reactions to this situation weren't very helpful. We had huge fights about her being too thin and I tried to persuade her to eat more, but she just tuned her nose up at everything | offered her. When nothing I said or did seemed to make any difference, | really felt at a complete loss about what else I could do or who | could turn to. lwas desperate. After alot of thought | realised that | would have to try other tactics. Screaming and tearing my hair out were definitely not improving the situation, | started by looking up eating disorders on various websites, to get as much information as | could, and what | ound out almost scared me o death. Anorexia nervosa is ‘a condition that typically affects teenage gis. There are a I ‘the beginning, | putit down to a simple case of exam 36] monute 2 variety of reasons as to why itcan develop, but itis usually said to be because of a distorted body image and lack of self-esteem. Some young women think they are 109 fat, even when they are not, and feel that they are unattractive or worthless. The media have been accused of playing a Tole in the rise of eating disorders in recent years, because of the way thay portray women. Using underweight models in adverts in glossy magazines and on television may be a factor in encouraging young women to equate thinness with beauty, glamour and success. | was shocked to discover that this disease can seriously damage the heart and make bones bite and easy to break However, the most frightening aspect ofthe condition is that in 10% of cases it leads to the death of the sufferer. The information was terfying, but it helped me to come to terms with the fact that someone with a severe eating disorder needs love and support and urgent medical attention. It took a lot of calm and gentle persuasion to get my tearful daughtor to agroo to go with me to a doctor who specialises in eating disorders. That was two years ago and the road to recovery has been long and hard. Sarah spent two months in hospital to get her weight back to normal and since then she has been seeing a psychiatrist to help her deal wth the underlying causes of the problem It was tough for me, too. | felt very guity about her ines - that somehow it was my fault, and | was a bad mother who had caused her daughter so much anaiety she had started to starve herself. But we've managed to get through it together. Now Sarah is looking forward to starting university, the colour has returned to her cheeks and she is back to being the vibrant young woman she was before the whole dreadful nightmare started.3 At first, the writer believed her daughter's behaviour had changed because Sarah @ was worried about academic success (lines 1,2) B had always been very intelligent. © was having problems at school D had just turned sixteen. 2 When the writer noticed that Sarah was not eating, she A. thought that this was normal, decided not to make a fuss about it (line 12) was sure it would get worse. D made Sarah eat her meals alone. The writer says that during the summer A her daughter began to get better. B she continued to remain calm. © ‘she and Sarsh:ergued alot: (line 21) D she and Sarah stopped speaking. [ZINA Where might you find this text? What is the writer's purpose (to inform, to entertain, etc)? What message does the text carry? (See Answer Section) Fill in: top, light, mood, big, body, medical, urned, play, burst, glossy, cating, scared, Make sentences based on the text using the phrases. (See Answer Section) 1 big deal; 2 glossy magazines; 3 op of the class 4 light snacks; 5 burst into tears; 6 body image: 7 medical attention; 8 mood swings; 9 just curned sixteen; 10 play a rol 1 scared to death; 12 eating disorder 5, Explain the underlined idioms. Make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) Match the words in bold with their meanings. ‘certain + first *very angry ‘attractiveness + basic « strategies ‘energetic * twisted * crying * serious sbad-tempered + unsociable (See Answer Section) 6 7 8 ‘The writer found out more about her daughter's problem A on television. B in magazines. C in advertisements. D on Internet sites. (lines 29, 30) 5 What most shocked the writer about anorexia nervosa was that A ivisa severe disorder. ® a number of sufferers die from it. (line 46) it leads to heart disease and weak bones. D all sufferers require medical treatment. Getting Sarah to seek professional help A took several years. ® required patience. (line 50) © was quite easy to do. D [ed to instant recovery. The writer felt guilty because @ she felt she wasn't a good mother. (ines 58-60) B she knew the condition was all her fault. CC she had been too tough on her daughter. D her daughter was never the same again. Speaking Work in pairs. Take the roles of the mother and the daughter. Act out the dialogue they had while her mother was trying to persuade her to see a doctor. (Gee Answer Section) es ee suggest seeing a doctor. ——+— refuse strongly (Why don’t you ..?) (No way...) ‘give reason why. reject suggestion (I think you should because ...) (just don’t see ....) ‘give another reason oe agree hesitantly (Gut don't you ..) (Welt Writing Make notes from the text, then write a short summary of it (50-60 words). Follow these steps. (See Answer Section) + Read the text. + Make notes of the main points of the text. + Start your piece of writing with one sentence that summarises the idea of the whole text. + Write your summary, including all the main points. Use your ‘own words. * Check that your summary is clear and complete. opute 2 | 37ay nig : 1 Vocabulary & Grammar | Complete the sentences using the words in 2 the list. + skinny and pale “desperate - sifecss portray “underweight * equate * brittle * urgent 3 * tough = guilty 1 The dry brittle pine needles broke easily. 4 2. Despite his protests, the jury was convinced the rman was guilty of the murder. 3. The Prime Minister halted the meeting to take an 5 urgent phone call 4 She was underweight for a long time after her illness. 5 All the students agreed that it had been a very 6 tough exam 6 The villagers were so desperate for food that they started eating grass. 7 7 After having been kept in a room with no windows for three months, the hostages looked very skinny and pale when they emerged. 8 Global warming is a problem that affects us all 9 In his next film, Kemp will portray the manager of a very spoilt pop singer. It is difficult to equate the cost of living in one country with that of another. © Word Power (make/do) Fill in: make or do. Complete the joke. Choose five phrases and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) 1 do my best, 2 do the washing-up, 3 make a decision, 4 do sb a good turn, 5 make fun of, 6 make peace, 7 do my hair, 8 make an appointment, 9 make a mistake, 10 make a fortune, 11 do a job, 12 make a promise, 13 make progress, 14 do harm, 15 do an experiment, 16 make friends, 17 make space, 18 do sb a favour, 19 make certain, 20 make war d (Sir. would you punish me for (something | haven't done? Because | haven't done my homework. 38| mooute 2 Choose the correct item. Give reasons. Then translate the sentences into Russian. (See Answer Section) With any illness, it’s important to at your own pace. Arregain recover Cheal — D improve Many diets to lose weight involve calories. @counting C adding B calculating D numbering Many people put on weight when they return to soos eating after being on adit. Anaural ® normal C usual common John was to believe that dark chocolate wasn't as fattening as milk chocolate. @led B shown C guided Det Most people have actual body to go with it. Aaclassic Ba model ©an ideal Da perfect We should all try to develop and maintain healthy eating body image, but not the Avays B-customs ©habits D manners Qn a diet you usually have to ....... a meal plan. Biollow Bstick Cdo Dkeep It makes no difference what you look like — it’s what's inside a person that .. Avalues matters C shows D concerns If they cause any ........, call me and I'll phone the police Btrouble B nuisance C anxiety D difficulty ‘Ann is asleep. Please don't ........ her Aannoy (disturb C bother D frustrate © Phrasal verbs Fill in the appropriate particle(s). Check in Appendix |. Make sentences using the phrasal verbs. (See Answer Section) John came down with chickenpox last Monday. It took her a long time to get over the shock. Rainy weather really gets me down. Better health care has brought about a reduction in childhood illnesses. Stella is looking after her sick sister. She fainted but we managed to bring her round, He tried to drink his soup but he couldn't keep it down, She has bad cold, which was brought on by standing in the freezing rain.wn © Reported speech (GR p. 164 Use one of the given introductory verbs to report each of the following sentences. (See Answer Section) invite * ch remind + apologise *promise + allow + suggest * accuse + beg sdeny *warn + offer “Would you like me to do the shopping?” (offer) She offered to do the shopping. “1 will bring the money I owe you tomorrow.” “Give me my diary back or I'll tell mum.” “You can use my phone whenever you want.” “Please, please, come with me!” “Don't forget to check your spelling” “You vandalised the school gym!" “I'm sorry | damaged your car.” “It wasn't me who started the fight!” “Why don't we go to Paris this summer?” “Would you like to come to my party on Saturday?” “Don't go too near the fire ~ you'll burn yourself!” © Key word transformations ‘Complete each sentence, using the word in bold, so that it means the same as the sentence above it. Use two to five words, “Can you get me a newspaper, Steve?” John asked. whether John asked Steve whether he could get him a newspaper. “I didn't steal her wallet,” he said. stealing He denied stealing her wallet. “I'm sorry | didn't invite you to the party.” she said to him for She apologised for not inviting him to the party. “Are you in charge of the new employees?” he asked me. responsible He asked me if | was responsible for the new employees. “Why don't we go out tonight?” Steve said, going Steve suggested going out that right. “Don't lie to me again!” he said not He told me not to lie to him again. ‘Sam advised Laura to join a gym you “If | were you, | would join a gym.” ‘Sam said to Laura. “tm not watching that film again,” he said. watch He refused to watch the film again One Everyday English ‘© Offer/Refuse food/drinks '). You are at a party. In pairs, use the table and the pictures to act out exchanges, as in the example. (Gee Answer Section) * No thanks. Ive just had one./I've had enough /I'm full/'m OK for the moment. + Not for me, thanks. | don't really like spicy/salty/ etc food, Swiss eC = cup of tea we € 2 { ce eg. A Would you like < piece of cheesecake? Bs No, thanks. Pm full = © Word formation {Complete gaps 1-10 with the correct derivative of ‘each word in capitals. ‘Compare with your JWEEANSS DEVELOP In the 0) developed world, more people are becoming vegetarian. There seem to be two reasons for this. Some believe eating meat is 1)immoral while others argue that the 2) consumption of meat is nether necessary nor 3) healthy. Vegans take their bei tothe extreme. They remove all animal and dairy products from their dts 4) completely. They also avoid using other animal 5) products such as leather goods. Some people find this philosophy 6) admirable However, 7) dieticians have expressed concerns. They point out that chicren, in paticular, may not get all the nutrients they require inthe 8) absence of animal and dairy products. They 9) strongly recommend that all vegetarians take vitamin and calcium supplements on a 10) dally basis pay MORAL CONSUME HEALTH COMPLETE PRODUCE ADMIRE DIET ‘ABSENT STRONG mopue 2 | 39Lead-in What can you see in the pictures? Which are: or Add two more items to each category. (See Answer Section) eg. Peppers and celery are vegetables Reading What does the title of the text mean? How might it be related to the food/drink in the pictures? Which of these do you think are healthy/unhealthy? Read through to find out. (Gee Answer Section) Text completion When you complete the task, always check that the extra part of a sentence you have not used does not fit anywhere. This helps ensure that you have completed the task correctly, RINE Read the magazine article about food and old age. Choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps I-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Compare answers with your partner. Then translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian. Use the words in bold in the text to replace the words in bold in the sentences. 1 By making simple lifestyle changes you can increase your lifespan. 2. There war age swaFin of bes in 4) One of the advantages of living on an island is that you get fresh the village, so. people decided to fish. benefits savour move to another area, Sree 3 To have a healthy diet you need to at your. food stowly tency |e preps burn keep servings under control. portions 6 The best way to get rid of fat is to exercise as much as you can.When | first met Makato Okushima, | would have said she ‘was seventy-five, perhaps eighty years old, In fact, she is, one hundred years old, [TE], She is just one of more than 400 people there who are at least one hundred years old; Okinawa has the highest and healthiest concentration of centenarians in the world. 1 had come to find out the secret of these healthy islanders’ longevity and a stroll down to the waterfront with Makato provided me with my first clue. After passing elderly fisherman unloading the day's catch, Makato joined a queue at a market stall to buy fish for the evening ‘meal. it seems the people of Okinawa eat plenty of fish, After we arrived at Makato's house, | watched with fascination as Maketo prepared the food with her daughter, [3 |G]. As well as the fish, there were portions ‘of sweet potato, spring onion and other fresh, locally grown vegetables. There was also plenty of brown rice and tofu - a soya product high in protein and vitamins. On other days there might be a meat dish too, but the fat ‘would be continuously poured off the meat as it cooked. since my artval in Okinawa me os tet ate 0 © tho also looked younger than her 76 years Food and nutrition expert Peter Bennet reports on his trip to a pretty fishing village on one of the islands of Okinawa, Japan, to find out why the people there live so long. ‘After the meal we drank green tea, which is said to have many health benefits and helps burn calories, as well. There were no sugary dinks and only a litle locally produced rice wine, . | asked Makato what she thought the secret to her good health was. ‘Well, as you see, we have a healthy, low-tat diet and we eat slowly to savour our food,” she told me, “put it's also important to stay active, That way you don't get fat’ | suddenly realised | hadn't seen a single ‘overweight person (On my last day, Makato took me to the outskirts of the village. There, facing the sea, was an old stone marker. | asked what the Japanese characters engraved on it ‘meant. My translator told me: ‘At 70 you are stil a child; at 80 a young man or woman. And if at 90 someone from heaven invites you over, tell him to go away and come back when you are 100.” Before flying home, | met Dr Davis Bilings, [6]B]. He told me that life threatening complaints such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease are rare in Okinawa. It seems that Okinawans not only live longer, they live better Fill in: sugary, low, heart, locally, prevent, health, 1, soy. Make sentences based on the text using the phrases. (See Answer Section) 1 low in calories 5 locally grown 2 health benefits 6 sugary drinks 3 stay active 7 prevent illnesses 4 life threatening 8 heart disease Listening & Speaking 6 WT FY Listen to the text. What is the ‘Okinawans’ diet like? What do they eatidrink? ‘Compare your diet to the one described in the text. Discuss in groups. (See Answer Section) Writing 7 EBIR What should we do to live longer? ‘Spend three minutes writing about the topic. Read it to your partner. (See Answer Section) mooute 2 | 41One 8 soft/liquid)alcoholic, fizzy drink 9 dried aw)tropical, fresh fruit Vocabulary & Grammar 10 side, fish, meat dish © Words often confused Choose the word which fits best. | Look at the table, What foodidrinks should people Than transite thesentences consume if they want to have: good eyesight? good skin? into Russian. strong, healthy bones? healthy blood cells? a lot of energy? (See Answer Section) 1 Ifyou stop eating sweets, you will be NMC tensor control your weight. fruit & Pee Ee | ear 2 My dad had to reducelweaken/ vegetables | arotene | growth & development shrink/shorten his salt intake for health reasons. EE 3 After eating, blood sugar levels read, cereals jraiselarise/grow up. & potatoes | fre presrEr 4. When | finish medical schoo | will B vitamins | blood & nerve cells have managedlacquired/ achievedisucceeded my goal. dairy products| 4" reekyaares 5 Before eating a banana you have to E (milk, cheese, | zinc tissue growth & repair removeldelete/extractitake out yoghurt, etc) the skin. vitamin A | development & eyesight | He's always treated/behaved/ used/operated animals with love. protein growth & tissue repair 7 My gran has artificial/fake/false! counterfeit teeth. i healthy blood 8 Runners usually have bony/skinny/ ees thin/lean athletic bodies. 9 Always read food labels to check for vitamin D | healthy bones hidden supplements/exeras! additivesiadditions. Think of what you ate for lunch yesterday.What was it 10 | found a really good receipt rich in? Tell your partner. (Gee Answer Section) 3 Read the sentences. Which food does each one refer to? Which can you see in the pictures? The foods in the pictures are pasta and meat. ) 7 Gnimal)corn, olive, vegetable oil 42| mooute 2 prescription/recipelinstruction on the Net for pumpkin pie. Tick the correct boxes. Choose three phrases and make sentences using them. I Sprinkle some over the top. (onions/cheese) (See Answer Section) 2. Blend until smooth. (fruit/bread) lose miss, 3 Leave to simmer for 10 minutes. (oil/sauce) p) a a 4. Fry until it's browned on the outside. (meatirice), 5 Soak them overnight. (strawberries/beans) a heat 6 Marinate for at least 4 hours. (chicken/eake) 7. the target 7 Drain well and serve. (pieipasta) ~ ese 1 Circle the odd word out. v Pay 1 plain((ow-faa self-raising, wholemeal flour 9 Y ——thepoint 2 (grated) white, icing, cane sugar ¥ 3 well-done, rare, medium unripe) steak ae 4. sparking, mineral(Gzzy)still water ¥ —__ theplane 5. black(brown) filter, white coffee v money 6. seasonal. fried, resh(fomemada)vegetables eg. He went on a diet to lose some weight.eg 9 Nouae © Compound nouns Form compound nouns using these words, then make sentences using them. (Gee Answer Section) ‘salt *done steak *fibre + fat + fed + made + boiled + sugar + cooked «drink + balanced calorie + grown well-done steak * Future Tenses (GR p. 168 ill or be going to. Which sentences n-the-spot decisions? |,3,6 future plans! intentions? 2, 45,7 promises? 8 A: I'm starving, Don't worry. | will make you a sandwich. Is John back? No, he will be late tonight. He has to finish his report. Have you booked tickets for the performance? Oh! | forgot! | will book them after work. ‘Why do you need all these eggs and flour? am going to bake a cake. ere ‘Are you coming with us tomorrow? No, | am going to watch a film with Philip. The phone's ringing. | will answer it Have you ironed the clothes? Not yet.| am going to iron them later. Try to be on time, please. Iwill, | promise. PP PP PP PP SR aE a) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense. Which verb forms are used for: actions which will have finished before a stated future time? 2, actions which will be in progress at a stated future time? |,10, asking politely about someone’s plans in the near future? 3, 6, future planslintentions? 9, predictions based on what we thinklbelievel can seelknow? 4,8 promises? 5 This time next week we will be travelling (travel) to Hong Kong. She will have delivered (deliver) all the letters by noon Will you be seeing (youlsee) Steve later? I think John will be (be) late tonight We will never forget (neveriforget) you. What are youlwill you be doing (youldo) later on? | will have finished (finish) my homework before the game starts. B B She dances very well. If she continues, she will become (become) a famous ballerina. 9 He is going to apply (apply) for a job as soon as he graduates. 10 | can't meet you tonight. | will be studying (study) for my exams. b) What will you have done by: 10 o'clock tonight? this time tomorrow? What will you be doing at this time: tomorrow? next Monday? this Saturday? (See Answer Section) Listening & Speaking 10 04 Po Listen to three people talking. ‘Whaat is each person's problem? What advice are they given? Who reacts positively to the advice? (See Answer Section) oMark eSephie Ei) Everyday English © Asking for/Giving advice + What should! do? | You'd better (+ bare + Any ideas what to do? | infinitive) + Whats the best way |+ | suggest that you to? + IF were you, fd... + What do you think! + Perhaps you should should do? + Haye you thought of + a = Mmm, Im not sure. |* Maybe you could .. + Lean’ do that cee + That's easier said than| about itis to ~~ Neat +The best way t0 i. Ce ee * inl a god ie That's not a bad idea. That's a great idea ‘Work in pairs. Use the table above and the plan below to act out dialogues for the following situations: (See Answer Section) + Your friend wants to lose some weight. + Your friend can't afford to join a gym. + Your friend wants to cut down on junk food. —_@ — ‘explain problem, ask give advice for advice (if 1 were you, (want... What ..2) reject suggestion give other advice (Mmmm, fm not sure...) (Maybe you could.) accept suggestion express hope things (That's not a bad idea) work out (| hope.) mooute 2 | 4344) mooue Lead-in Look at the spidergram. Think of one more job for each category. Money bank clerk / accountant Education teacher ( Medicine lecturer doctor / nurse Transport bus driver / reporter / pilot news presenter Otae Emergency gardener / eactios santas firefighter / TheArts Paramedic painter / author Which of the following qualities does each job require? Discuss it in pairs. (See Answer Section) * reliable + imaginative * artistic + calm * patient * polite.» caring helpful * determined + talented * brave + well-organised + cooperative + energetic + skilful » sociable + tactful friendly + honest eg. A: I think that doctors need to be caring becouse they work with sick people. B: I agree. They also need to be able to remain calm in stressful situations, ona> Reading RINE Read the extracts, Match the headings (A-H) to extracts 1-7. Use each heading only once. There is one extra heading you do not need to use. Mainly teamwork Changing work conditions FF Developing a skill Help on the phone G Calling for help ‘Actalent in demand H_ Troubling news E Fitting the job requirements Match the words in bold in the extracts to these meanings. (See Answer Section) ansmit + government-organised s+ timetable *in danger + intense holce + remarkable ctical, qualified, job, career, sentences of your own. (See Answer Section) close cooperation news networks mass media free-time activities personal basis career ladder qualified professional job security practical advice 10 general publicthey need assistance from one of Britain's state-run emergency services - namely, the police, the fire service, the ambulance service, the coastguard, mountain rescue and cave rescue. Most countries have a similar phone call system with three numbers that are easy to remember and simple to dial, so that the service you need can get to you as soon as possible. [BITE] The job interview is a way for employers to get to know the candidates on a more personal basis. They already know about the candidate's qualifications and qualities, interests and free-time activities. They have already decided that he or she is suitable for the job. ‘What they need to know now is whether or not he or she is the best candidate for the job, [STA] The tile of the job may be “news editor’, but don't expect to be ‘ordering around all your fellow workers. There are several levels to the job. The lowest rung on the career It makes a real diference to the lives of the ger public and saves the valuable time of doctors nationwide. NHS Direct is a phone line that allows people with health problems to call and speak to a qualified professional. This person will then give practical advice over the phone. This ‘means that minor complaints can be dealt with quickly and calmly without the necessity of making an appointment at ladder is delivering mail and making coffee; the highest rung involves important decisions that affect people's lives. Most of the time, the job involves close cooperation from everyone to get the news bulletin on the air in the quickest time. The nine-to-five Monday-to-Friday job is under threat as working habits are being adjusted to meet the demands of 2ist-century lifestyles. Employees can ‘work flexitme, which means that they decide the hours they work. People often ‘work part-time and may have two or more jobs. Working from home is becoming an increasingly popular option as ‘commuting to work becomes more of a problem. On the other hand, job security is a thing of the past. Listening & Speaking pa Listen as you read the extracts again. Imagine you have one of the jobs mentioned in extracts 3,4 or 7.Tell your partner about your job. Talk about: what you have to do at work, what hours you work and how you feel about it. (See Answer Section) the doctor's surgery. [ETH State-of-the-art technology has transformed the ways we get news. There are news networks that broadcast 24 hours a day and even the entertainment channels will take time out of their busy schedule to broadcast breaking news, These days the mass media are everywhere - we just can't get away. Some people say that this is a positive development, but research has shown that listening to a lot of bad news can make people more stressed and anxious. It is not the kind of job where you start at the bottom and work your way up - you either have the ability or you don’t. They call him ‘the Nose’ and ‘the Nose’ has an impressive skil. Due to his extraordinary sense of smell all the perfume companies are in fierce competition for his services. With ust one sniff of anew perfume, he can tell exactly what it needs to be the most popular scent of the season. Writing BENNY What do you think it would be like to work in one of the emergency services mentioned in extract 1? Spend three minutes writing about it. Read your piece of writing to your partner. Then translate texts | and 7 into Russian. (See Answer Section) mooute 2 | 45policeman waitress Vocabulary & Grammar |__ a) Name the jobs in the pictures. Work in pairs. Say if each person ... (Gee Answer Section) ‘has got. a part-time job/full-time job! 9-5 job, four weeks’ holiday a year ] works: shifts nights, on their own/with others, with their hands, | overtime/at weekends, from home, | indoors/outdoors has to: wear a uniformisuie at work, travel a lot, work late, work under pressure, attend meetings, have a degree ‘is paid: wages, a salary, good money ‘needs to be: patient, careful, well-mannered, friendly and sympathetic, honest, well-organised, skilful/brave ‘communicative, qualified, trained b) Complete the sentences about yourself. Give reasons. I'd like to be a lawyer because you are paid good money. | wouldn't mind working as a policeman because you get four weeks holiday a year. I'd hate to be a waitress because you have to work nights. * Words often confused 2). Choose the correct word. 1A single recipeldose of antibiotics may be as effective as multiple ones. 2. A74-year-old woman was pronounced dead at the scenelsite of the accident. 3 Harmful bacteria are the most common cause of food-borne diseases/disorders 4 He's in hospital recovering from a(n) surgery! ‘operation on his leg. 5 He broke his arm and now has it in plaster! bandage. 46| mooute 2 10 Scientists haven't discovered a cureltreatment for the common cold. A bone fracture/damage is a break in a bone. The children’s ward/chamber at the local hospital is being renovated. Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. He was seriously hit/shotwounded/injured in a car crash. ‘She hit her leg and it really sores/pains/harms/hurts, Wash the cut carefully, so that it won't get a(n) infection/corruption/contamination/pollution. You will need a full examination/inspection/ treatment/medicine if the pain continues. My ankle is swollen/entarged/grownlexpanded and it hurts when I walk. © Infinitives/-ing form (GR p. 169 Fill in the appropriate form of each verb in brackets. Jane didn't turn up for the meeting. She must have forgotten (forget) about it. Its ten o'clock. John was supposed to have arrived (arrive) by now. Children are not to eat (notleat) in class. It is, strictly forbidden. You should have come (come) to my birthday party; was expecting you. You can’t hire (hire) a car if you don't have a valid driving licence, She can’t have been (be) at home, otherwise she would have answered the door. There's no point in trying (try). You can't do anything now. Ihave difficulty working (work) under pressure. He regrets losing/having lost (lose) touch with his colleagues in England. Did you remember to lock (lock) the door before you left home?© Modals GR p. 171 deductions using must, can or might as in the (See Answer Section) ‘© Prepositions 6. Fill in the correct prepositions. Check in Appendix I. Choose any five of them and make sentences. (See Answer Section) 1 They collected money to provide aid for the homeless. John is allergic to cats. The doctor will operate on him. He suffers from asthma. I don't know how he copes with his injury. He's addicted to painkillers. Nownen Getting into an exercise routine can be hard if you are recovering from an injury. Certain drugs can lead to heart attacks. He complained to us about the incident. 10 She complains of headaches. * Key word transformations J) Complete each sentence, using the word in bold. Use two to five words. 1 He asked the judge to consider his previous good behaviour. take He asked the judge to take into ‘consideration his previous good behaviour. ong 2 Jenny and her sister are alike. similar Jenny is similar to her sister. 3. I've been looking for a cheap house for ages. search I've been in search of a cheap house for ages. 4 Perhaps you know who he is. happen Do you happen to know who he is? 5 | bought some eggs because you might need some. case | bought some eggs in case you need some. 6 They don't let you park here after 6 pm. allowed You are not allowed to park here after 6pm. 7 Although it looked delicious, the food tasted awful despite The food tasted awful despite looking delicious. 9 RINE Read the text. For gaps 1-7, choose A,B,C or D to complete each gap because of a strawberry, panicked correctly. k y ‘over a peanut or rued the day you ate salmon risotto? Maybe you have a food allergy. Ifs0, you ae among the estimated 4% of adults 1) wn. do. Common foods that cause llergies in adults are milk, eggs, nts fish and shelfish T had no idea I was allergic to prawns until one day last summer, when I was on holiday in Spain. On my first night, I went toa charming litle restaurant where I ordered the local specialty ~ seafood paella. The dish was delicious ‘and, never having tried prawns 2)......, I was pleasantly surprised at how much I liked them. Well, it wasn't until a 3) vow hours later that I began to feel unwell. My nose started to run, my throat began to hurt and a tingling sensation developed on my tongue and lips. At first I thought I was coming 4) son With a cold, but once my stomach began to contract in terrible cramps, I realised that something $)...... more serious was afoot. By the time the doctor arived, my tongue and lips had swollen 10 6)... a degree that I was having difficulty breathing. The doctor took one look at me and called an ambalance. Iwas rushed to hospital, where I remained forthe next two days. It ‘was a terrifying experience. Now I am extremely careful to 7) wove anything With shellfish in it, Tread all food labels religiously and, when dining out at restaurants, inform the Waiting staff of my allergy I also carry a special medicine with me at al times, incase of an emergency Have you ever suffered 1 Awhose B)who CG which __D what 2 Aagain before Cever _D earlier 3 Amany Blot C ite Ortew 4 Aup Bout @©down Dover 5 @much Blot —C too D very 6 Aso Bthat ©such =D much 7 Aleave Bpass Cescape O)avoid mopute 2 | 47nig Listening Skills Listening for specific information a) Read the newspaper headline. What do you think the article is about? The article is about a health hazard in a food outlet. Café “Swarming win mice” b) Wr ttow tsten to 00 people talking about the news story above, and underline the correct word in the sentences below. The café has been demolished/closed. le was the worst case inspectors/detectives had ‘ever seen. The Bistro serves excellent coffee/sandwiches. 4. The mice were in the kitchen/storeroom. The café will probably open again in one month/ year. The owners have been fined fifty/fifteen thousand pounds. Read the sentences. What is missing (a noun, a numeral, ete)? Decide in pairs. Listen again and complete the sentences. The café is Mary's favourite. (adjective) There are manylfew cafés like the Bistro. 2. Mary thinks that the Bistro is very clean. (adjective) 3. It appears that the inspectors did not see any mice. (noun) 4 A large coffee at the Bistro café costs 70 pence. (umber) 3 RANE OO ‘You will hear six different speakers. Match the speakers (1-6) to sentences A-G, Use each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. A lam often surprised by people's false beliefs about food. B | have to watch out for other people's mistakes. © | rarely eat food cooked by other people. D_ | always inspect the places where | eat out. E | eventually changed my mind about someone's advice. F | once got food poisoning while on holiday. G | am too busy to prepare my own food Speaker] | | 2] 3 | 4] 5 | 6 E{el[olAl[cl/sG Listening Task RNE On ‘You will hear an interview with a food inspector called James Fisher. For statements 1-7, decide if each statement is True, False or Not stated. Circle the answer you choose. People who get food poisoning should see a doctor. A True B False © Not stated James Fisher says that food poisoning is never dangerous. A True ® False © Not stated Uncooked meat should not be kept with other food. ® Tue B False © Not stated ‘Any restaurant that is found to be dirty is closed immediately. A True © Not stated 48) mooue 2 James Fisher thinks there are not enough food inspectors. B True B False © Not stated Customers’ reports affect how many stars a restaurant is awarded. A True B False ‘© Not stated Many restaurant owners do not think that the proposed inspection scheme will work. @ True B False © Not statedonic Listening Skills Listening for specific information/opinion/attitude 5 1s ead the two questions below and then answer questions 1-5. Listen and see if your answers were correct. Dr Drake says that most accidents in the home happen A inthe kitchen. B onthe stairs. © in the living room. How many people do you expect to listen to? two Who will be talking? a doctor and the interviewer 3 What will they be talking about? accidents in the home Listening Task 2. According to Dr Drake, old people are more. likely to break a hip because B their bones become weaker. B they do not take care of themselves. they are often alone in the home. 4 What is the reason for the conversation? to inform listeners of the risks in the home 5 Where are the speakers? in a studio © 8) You will hear an interview with an aid worker talking about safe drinking water in Africa. Read the statements and underline the key words. What is each statement about? What do you expect to listen for? (See Answer Section) b) RNE Os Listen to the interview. For statements |-7, choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. Study Skills Multiple choice listening Read the questions and underline the key words. They contain information about the situation and what you should listen for. Listen once and note down any answers you can, Listen again and complete/check ‘your answers. | British people feel confident that they A can water their gardens in summertime B_ have nothing in common with Africa. © can have total faith in the safety of water. 2 Childre A rarely survive beyond eee B do not know about basic hygien: © die from diseases unnecessaril va 3 People leave the countryside because A they are not interested in traditional ways. B they are attracted to work in the cities. © village life is becoming increasingly dificult. 4. The main cause of city water being wasted is A ignorance about its efficient use. @ 2 lack of good organisation © the growing number of people 5. The situation has not improved because A. governments do not accept that the situation is serious. B itis accepted that a solution cannot be found. © not enough money is being spent on the problem. 6 The water problems are being dealt with @® through education and practical solutions. B by directing communities to water supplies. © by purifying dirty water to make it safe, 7 Ordinary people can help by A forcing the authorities to act. ® sending in a contribution. starting to build wells. mooute 2 | 49Ne Speaking Skills Agreeing — Disagreeing |___ Imagine it’s Saturday evening and you want to go somewhere with your friends. Look at the pictures and decide which words go with each picture. A og A ac [Exes 6 B Ceri A ee B < "Complete the sentences. 1 John would like to go to the fast food 4. Mary doesn't like the idea of going to an restaurant because its really cheap and it expensive restaurant. has a nice friendly atmosphere 5 John thinks that going to a café is just 2. Paula can't stand going to fastfood places boring any more. 6 Paula agrees with Mary because she thinks 3. Paula would love to go to a good there's nothing exciting about going to a restaurant. fast food place. 3 WP Listen again and complete the sentences in the table. Agreeing Disagreeing + [fully agree with you * I don't really agree with you + You've got a point. + Well, | don't know about that +L think youre right. + You're wrong there. + Yes. agree + No. disagree with you + Absolutely! + No way! _| Where would you like to go? Discuss it in pairs. Give reasons. (See Answer Section) 4 Pi 50| mopute 2‘3 mS v Speaking Skills, Speaking Task 1 RINE Give a talk on eating out ere age Remember to discuss: * One of the (main) reasons that + On the whole, 'd say .. * why people like to eat out, e..:for entertainment or * I think most people to celebrate something. Firstly/Secondly/Furthermore, t¢ like to point out .. One advanageldcadvantage what the disadvantages are, eg: can be expensive, | Artur as lmeonconed © the service or food quality may be poor. + how often you go out to eat. * what the advantages of eating out are,e.g:not having to cook for others, geting to try different foods. 6 Dy tases ton modal answer. What does the speaker say are the advantages of eating out? (See Answer Section) * Suggesting ~ reaching a decision (Pairwork) 6 9) RINE You and a fellow classmate have been asked to organise the food for the end-of-year school party. You can choose from: * cold stand-up buffet + fast food + 3-course dinner + barbecue. (See interlocutor Card |) Discuss the options with your classmate and choose one you both agree on. Use the language box to help you, and remember to discuss all the options. (See Answer Section) Making suggestions Agreeing Refusing + How about .. |+ ‘That would be fine/ great. [+ I don’t think so. How about... + Why not the ..? + Yes. lt looks tasty. instead? + They could + That sounds great + It’s a nice choice, but + Perhaps/Maybe they could..|* That’ a good point. + Oh, I think its far too unhealthy, + I (don't) think they should...|* Yes, they could, | suppose. etc. Cees Cold stand-up buffet ‘cheap, appetizing appearance, variety of choice, select one’s own food, good opportunity to circulate and meet people, awkward to hold food Fast food y cheap, quickly prepared, limited choice, unhealthy, uninteresting, everyday experience 3-course dinner nourishing, attractive, tasty, can be expensive, too formal for a schoo! party Barbecue fun, tasty, informal, smelly, depends on the weather, needs to be cooked at that moment 5) 64 D9 lesan wo peoplaraaieg ta task. What type of food do they decide Peopl 8 P\ y ‘on? What reasons do they give? (See Answer Section) MODUL52 greeting D> Paragraph I: > Paragraphs 2,3: opening write about specific remarks topics ‘The topics for lettervemails may inchide thanks, expressions of» sympathy, apologiesiregrets or congratulations. They can be > informal, emi-formal or formal depending on who you are writing to eg. write an email apologising to your friend in an informal style (short forms, colloquial expressions, phrasal verbs etc), but write a letter thanking your penftiend’s parents ora distant relative fora gift they sent you in semi- formal style (polite expressions, more respectful tne etc). More than one of these topics (thanks, sympathy etc) may be included or the topic(s) may form only part ofthe letter/email, Remember: to include an appropriate greeting (informal: Dear/Hi + first name, semi-formal: Dear Mr’Mrs + surname, formal: Dear Sir/Madam). © your opening remarks may include questions about recent events, hhow the person is etc, a thank you for the person’s last letter, comments about their news, an apology for a delay in \wrting/replying, reasons for writing etc ‘© inthe main body paragraphs, include the specific information asked forin the rubric. Make sure that you cover all pars ofthe rubric. ‘© your closing remarks may include greetings tothe person's family, good wishes for an upcoming event, a request to the person to reply soon, a reason for ending the letter ete ‘© signoff appropriately informal: Love/Best wishes + frst name; semi- formal: Regards’Best wishes; formal: Yours faithful, Sincerely) [Useful Language Ithanking: (nf) Thanks a lovso much for form.) It was sojreallynice/kind of you to... Thank you very much for I really enjoyedtiked ..; (form) I would like to thank you for sympathising: (inf) (I'm) so sorry to hear about/that.., I can't believe ~ you poor thing! What a shame/pain that .., I really hope .., I's wwfulterribl that ..;(semi-form.) I was really'very sorry to hear that... I really hope .., That must be/must have been avfulpainful ete, I can imagine how awfullhard it must beyhave been ..;(form.) Lam writing to lexpress my sympathy regarding pologising/expressing regret: (inf) I'm reallyso sorry thatior bout that .., can you forgive me?, I fee! really bad about n't mean to upset you when I that was so nice/kind!; (semi- , Sorry = sorry! T _ Tcan't tell you how sorry I amybad I lcel aboutithat .., Lean'ton't be able to. ~sory!; (semi:form,) Td like {to apologise for .., I'm very sorry about/that .., Please forgive me for 1am sorry but unfortunately..; form.) I am writing to apologise for... Please accept my (sincere) apologies for ... 1am writing to inform you that unfortunately it will not be possible for me to ‘congratulating: ing) Well done for/Congratulations on (passing your exams etc). you did really well’, You. (got the job etc)! Well done!;(semi-form.) Congratulations on .., you must be really pleased/proud; form.) like 10 ‘congratulate you on .. I would like to offer my congratulations on MODULE 2 D> Paragraph 4: closing remarks | a) Read the parts of the lettersiemails (a-d) and match them with the descriptions (1-4). an apology for not attending an event congratulating someone on an achievement ZT thanking someone for their help 2] expressing sympathy to someone who has not been well ‘a | was very sorry to hear that you have been il in hospital. really hope that you are feeling much better now. semi-formal b Please accept my apologies for not being present at the annual dinner last week. Unfortunately, | was unable to attend due to illness. formal € Well done for getting the summer job in the restaurant! That's great! Now you can save up for the holiday you wanted. informal d Thank you so much for helping to ‘organise the food for Mum and Dad's wedding anniversary celebration. We really couldn't have done it without you both. semi-formal b) Identify the style (informal, semi-formal, formal) of each. Which could be from a letter! ‘email to:a good friend from schoolicollege? friends of your parents who you don’t really know very well? the secretary of the golf club committee? an aunt who you don’t see often? (Gee Answer Section) ) Rewrite each using alternative phrases from the theory box. (Gee Answer Section)Read the rub! the questions. underline the key words and answer You have received a letter from Suzy Thompson, a lady you have just stayed with for two weeks while doing a language course in England, who writes: Did you enjoy your stay with us? What did you think of English 30? You left a diary in @ drawer in your room after you left = would you like me to send it to you? As for our other news, unfortunately my husband broke his wrist last week. Write a letter to Mrs Thompson. In your letter: + answer her questions + ask 3 questions about Mr Thompson's broken wrist Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing 1 Who are you writing to? Mrs Thompson. What style will the lever be in? semi-formal 2. Which of the following might you expect to find in the letter? + accepting a kind offer with thanks + regret that you can't help with something an expression of sympathy + thanks for someone's hospitality & food 2a) Compare the two possible replies, A and B.Which reply includes: informal language? semi-formal language? all points asked for in the rubric? well- organised paragraphs? appropriate openinglclosing remarks? Which one is the appropriate reply? Model A Dear Mrs Thompson, It was really nice to receive your letter. I'm so sorry that it has taken me such a long time to reply, but I've been very busy Thad a wonderful time in England, It was so kind of you to have ‘me to stay with you. Also, your home-cooked English meals were absolutely delicious, especially the roast beef and Yorkshire pudding that you cooked on my last day. As for my diary, thank you very much for offering to send it to me. That would be wonderfull I'm so sorry to hear that Mr Thompson broke his wrist. That must have been extremely painful. How exactly did it happen? Did they pout it in plaster? Is he stil able to go to work? | hope to hear from you soon. Please tell Mr Thompson that | hope he makes a speedy recovery Best wishes, are semi-formal language Hi, Suzy! Great to hear from you! {'m going out with my friends tonight ~ can't wait r swith you. t had a great time! Also, | loved the English food, especially your roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, Thanks for offering to send my diary to me, too. That would be great! hn broke hi ie poor thing! What happened? Write soon Lots of love, lane informal language ont b) Find the sentences in model ‘A which mean the same as the underlined sentences in model B. (See Answer Section) RINE Read the rubric and underline the key words. Then discuss the questions in pairs and write your letter. ‘Gee Answer Section) You have received a letter from your great aunt, Aunt Margaret. who writes .» Did you like the gift that Uncle John and | sent you for your birthday? Your mother told me that you were Planning a fariy meal out ato nice restaurant — did you all enjoy yourselves? Did you go out and celebrate with your friend os well Now for some good news. Our granddaughter Sally has just got into ‘medica schol Write a letter to Aunt Margaret. in your letter: | + answer her questions + ask 3 questions about her granddaughter | Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of lewer writing Who are you writing to? What style will you write in? Aunt Margaret semi- formal Which of the following will you include in your letter? What else ‘must you include? + your congratulations + an expression of sympathy * thanks for something How could you openiclose your leteer/email? Apology for not writing sooner/greetings to family ‘What greetinglending will you use? Dear Aunt Margaret/Best Wishes mopute 2 | 53Paragraph |: reason(s) for writing greeting ‘Aletterfemal apphying for ab courseeteis normal forma in syle © Inthe opening rea we mention the type of jobcoune, and where tm when we uw tard, Tn the mala body paragraphs we | write our age, present jobstudies, Read the rubric. Then read the ‘email. What is each paragraph about? You have seen the following job “advertisement in the Evening Gazette newspaper. Write an ‘email applying for the job. WANTED _ Part-time waiter for weekend work in a popular seafront restaurant, Sea Breeze. Apply to Mr White by email to ‘Seabreeze@msn.co.uk explaining why you would be suitable for the job. 54 wooute 2 D> Paragraphs 2,3: ‘| «1 want to apply for Writing: Letters/Emails of application/ recommendation > Paragraph 4: closing remarks D sign off qualifications - previous experience “reer sinece_ [deb weaey —— Deor Mr White, reason for writing With reference to your advertisement in the Evening Gazette on Thursday 16th November, | am interested in cpplying for the position of portiime waiter. present situation woe Iigrn 18! yeast ened Ce Ra odocied om Hig school. | would like to work during the summer before beginning universiy. | am considered to be « hardworking and responsible person who is also reliable and polite. relevant work experience personal qualities Although | have no previous work experience, due to my age, | believe | am a suitable candidate for the job. Not only am | dependable, but | am also sociable and enjoy helping people. "\\ personal qualities Ilattach a reference from the principal of my school. Please note that I am available to attend an interview at any time. ook forward to hearing from you~ documents enclosed, Yours sincere, sclebity and closing ‘Simon Green Read the email again and find formal expressions to match the informal ones. ‘About your advert... © With reference to your advertisement {1am interested in appiying for lam considered to be | have no previous work experience 11am sociable and enjoy helping people ‘ Tattach a reference from the principal of my school © Jamavailable to attend an interview Hook forward to hearing from you People think I'm... ‘+ Ihave not worked before ... ‘| get on well with people ‘= There's a note from the head of my school... «I'm free to talk to you .. * Drop me a line sometimeWriting: Letters/Emails of application/recommendation opie ® Gr ec Aletterjemail can ask you to recommend a person >, fora post, a place for an event to be held etc. These types of lettersemails include descriptive techniques. Ifyou are asked to describe a person, make sure you include only the qualities that are relevant to the topic. Describe the person's qualities, giving examples or justifications, «She is very knowledgeable. She can answer the studers’ questions with ease, When you mention negative qualities, use mild language such as cam be, seems to, is rather, has a tendeney to, Ie ‘can be impatient at times. 4) Read the rubric and underline the key words. Read the email and answer the questions. (See Answer Section) “You belong to the ecology club in your school Match the descriptive details to the examples/justifications. Mary is well-organised. | Brian is a successful author. a George is quite an experienced pilot. My youth leader is very open-minded. d Doctor Harrison is very professional. £ Peter is an adventurous person. Mr Smith has an enormous amount of patience. i Mrs Johnson is a creative problem solver. b Phil is very dependable. c Mrs Rogers is extremely disciplined. h and you have been asked to recommend a He is very talented and develops his characters someone for this year’s Ecology Club Award. quite persuasively. Write a letter to John Bendors, the president of b She understands and recognises the nature of a ae coree Club, recommending bed of = problem and can find unique solutions. clubs members. Explain why you believe this person should receive the award and what makes ia belie ect aE ab aoalat Fimvher an outstanding member of the club. i es d_ It’s easy to talk to her about anything and she a doesn’t make judgements about you. Dear Mr Bendoss, e He has spent many years in his job, so he knows | would like to recommend Harry Pharm to receive the how to deal with any situation. Ecology Club Award Sati ariaiG pet Hany Pre I'd fscms amber of tw Eccocy Chi ian bala SS He has come up with lt of useful ideas for cub projects bi ; EEC 7 this year. For example, he encouraged us io make g He enjoys visiting new places, having new birdhouses ond nesing boxes to place in the school experiences and taking risks. grounds. He also read several books on composting and hh She exercises every day and sticks to a very fought us how to build a compost pile using gross healthy diet. clippings, fruit and vegetable scrop. i He has the ability to stay calm and not show any Secondly, Horry is very relable and helpful. He comes annoyance even when others around him are not to every club meeting, is always punctual and follows doing what they should or are being unfair. through on projects he is working on. He consislenly j. She makes a schedule of her work and activities voluniee's to help others whenever he is needed and caries thom cic effiterdiy Finally, Horry is a welHiked member of the club. His a epee ie ve Popdlor withthe oltet Read the rubric, Underline the key words. In conclusion, Harry Pham is @ creative, reicble and well liked member ofthe Ecology Club, who works very hard to protect he envircnment. | believe he deserves he award Bes! regards Zoe Brooks 1) What qualities does Mr Pharm have? 2. What examples has Zoe used to support each quality? In pairs, think of what qualities a good teacher should have, giving reasons. Then write your letter. | (See Answer Section) The school representative has asked your class to | “nominate a teacher for this year’s Teacher of the Year award. Write your letter explaining why you believe this person should be nominated and what makes himlher a good teacher (120-180 words). mooute 2 | 55iti In some letter/email writing tasks, the rubric may take the form of a letter or email from someone asking for information or advice, or it may take the form of a notice or advertisement. In these cases notes are attached to the text to indicate what information you should include in your leter/email When dealing with such a task, remember to decide ‘on the appropriate style (semi-formal, informal or formal) and include all the information required, using your own words. You must give the information in full sentences, using your own words where possible Dear im, Do you remember when we talked about me coming to see you and getting a summer job? Well, now I've got the chance to do it! | finish school in May and I've gota really long break before | start university in September. When would be the best time to come if | want to get a job? | don't really mind what | do, but it would be nice to have a job where | could meet people and perhaps learn some more of your language. What do you think? ——» Advise .. | was thinking of staying ina cheap hotel | because | know you don't have room 10 No! Stay ut me up. Can you suggest one? —__ wich my I'll have to come back at the end of sister August to get ready for university. I'd like you to come with me for a few weeks. | Can you make it? Latino ire goons) Underline the key words in the following rubric. Then answer the questions. You have received this email from your English friend, Mary. She is planning a working holiday. Read her email and the notes you have made. Then write an email to Mary, using all your notes. ‘One week, beginning of September Mary Write your email (120-150 words). 56| mooute 2 ng: Letters/Emails based on notes 1 What do you have to write? an email Who do you have to write to? Mary ‘What do you have to include in your writing? the notes ‘What style should you use? informal ~ to a friend How many words should you write? 120-150 words oe Read the model. Has the writer included all the information required? How has he reworded the information? (See Answer Section) Dear Mary, {Tm realy lad you're coming for the summer. The best ‘ime to come is in June because then there'll be plenty of seasonal jobs. ltd be a good idea for you to ty and get a job in a restaurant as a waitress. You'd meet lts of people that \way. You could pick up lots ofthe language and your English would come in handy for the tourist, 100, By the way, don't worry about finding a place to stay. My sister says you can stay with her. t's nota problem at all and it will save you lots of money. ‘Thanks for inviting me to come and stay with you, too. Id love to, but | can only make it for a week at the beginning of September, if that's OK. Well thats all for now. Can‘ wait to see yout Love, sim ¢ Requesting information > Direct questions can be used in informal letters) emails and they can start with a wh-question word (when, why ete); eg What time will you reach York? Indirect questions can be used mostly in semi-formal or formal letter/emails. They are introduced with: I would be grateful if you could .. , would like to know whetherif... I would appreciate ic if Could you suggest... , Do you think you... 2 Do you have any idea... ? eg, Do you have any idea when you will be in York? Rewrite the direct questions as indirect. (Gee Answer Section) Do | need to pay in advance? ‘Could you tell me what exactly the course is about? Do you cater for diabetics? Can you send me more information? When is the best time to come? 3 weenOn Writing: Letters/Emails bused on notes @D Read the following advertisement and the answer. Has the writer covered all the points? What style has she used? Give examples. What sort of home required? including N. Africa? Notes: - description of house: style / size / location 15th June ~ 15th July - family of 5 (@ children aged 10, 8, 6) travel arrangements? Capital Marketing Corp. Ltd, PO Box 561, 6221 Main St, Gibraltar Dear Sir/Madam, | am writing with regard to your advertisement in The Guardian on 10th February. | would be grateful if you could send us further information about your home exchange scheme. We would also appreciate it if you could clarify a few questions we have. We are interested in visiting North Africa, particularly Tunisia, but can only do so from 15th June to 15th July. Do you think you may be able to find an exchange in this area at such short notice? ‘We have three small children, so the house would need to include some facilities, such as a swimming pool, to keep them occupied. T would Tike to enquire exactly what type of house you require. We have a spacious cottage with a large garden that is deal for children. | would be more than pleased to send photographs and a more detailed description of our home if tis would be of assistance. : T would als like to know if the fights must be booked through your organisation, or separately through a travel agent Thank you for your kind attention. I would appreciate an answer at your earliest convenience. aa Yours faithfully, The writer has used a formal style and covered all the points except for ‘location’. The il Thomson writer does not say where her house is. There are no short forms and the writer includes formal expressions such as with regard to, | would be grateful, I would appreciate it | would like to enquire, ete. a) Read the rubric, the email and the notes, then write your ‘email (120-150 words). (Gee Answer Section) You have received an email from your English friend, Elaine. She is w Sayece (vist How are you? ft seems along time since | heard anything from you. Anyway, Ihave some news for youl_————> When, planning to visit your country. Read (an exactly? planning to visit you next month for a couple of the email and the notes you have Might sae Feintlinah eral Ene ‘weeks as | willbe in the country and was wondering if noe Be in rapgeil voli tes ‘you could give me some advice toad) First of all, what is the weather going to be like at this Suggest b) Swap papers and evaluate your partner's piece of writing. Think about: time of the year? What clothes should | bring? | don't want to bring a lot of things | won't need! |__| want to bring a present for your parents, too. Do you Not a good + paragraphs | think they would ike some English chocolate? Let me idea + punctuation & spelling know! because .- eae ee Ibe staying in a small hotel nea the centre, soit will be a easy for us to meet up. Il call you when | arrive Which Has he/she included all the arrange to meet you. | can't wat to see you again! one? points? How has helshe | Love, rephrased the notes? ae acc | __ amc ST MODULE 2one Across Cultures Look at the pictures. Does the food look fami What do you usually eat for: breakfast? lunch? dinner? (See Answer Section) ) What do you think makes a meal at a restaurant enjoyable? Choose from the list below. Justify your answers. (Gee Answer Section) * wide choice * nutrition + friendly company atmosphere * fresh ingredients + good conversation + reasonable prices * polite service + excellent chef + large portions | Why is breakfast the most important meal of the day? Read through text A to find out. It gives us energy. | RINE Read text A and complete gaps 1-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. RINE Read text B. For gaps 1-7, choose A,B, C or D to complete each gap correctly, wi 6 (Oo sten as you read the texts again and answer the questions. | What should we do to improve our ‘eating habits? start the day with a 00d breakfast 2 What are the benefits of eating an English breaifast? it helps us learn better and work more efficiently 3° What tradition is common to both Russia and the UK? drinking tea 4 When is a good time to eat fish and chips? at the end of the day 5. Why should we eat local fast food? most are healthier and cheaper 58] mooute 2 British ang | (Russian Food ® Breakfast of Champions We know that eating a good breakfast helps us to learn better and work more 1) efficiently, and it gives us the EFFICIENT energy to keep on playing when others go home ‘exhausted. We know all this and yet most of us run out of the house every morning after only a hurried cup of coffee or a rushed glass of milk. Perhaps it's time to make the 2) traditional breakfast a more regular feature of our TRADITION cally routine. Take the English breakfast, for example. Eat one of these and you probably won't need anything else until the end of the day. Fried eggs, crispy bacon and sizzling sausages straight from the frying pan take pride of place on the English breakfast table. Add a slice of toast 3) generously GENEROUS topped with fresh butter, jam or marmalade and you have a meal worth waking up for. Cold climates call for something warm at the 4) beginning of the day and Russia is no exception, The BEGIN early-morning aroma of home-cooked blini can drag even the deepest sleeper out from under the duvet. The huge 5) variety of toppings means that this is one breakfast VARY dish that will never become boring. If that did happen, you could try kasha instead. This is a type of porridge usually made from buckwheat (like the best blini!) and eaten with whatever you like ~ meat, fish or fruit And what do these feasts have in common? Whether it's from a samovar or a teapot, the perfect partner to these traditional breakfasts is the humble cup of tea - a drink shared by nations and enjoyed across 6) distant continents, DISTANCEon the gol Forget the cheeseburger and fis! The best fastfood has been available for decades and you don't have to 1) to the centre of town to find a restaurant - its on the streets in your local neighbourhood if youte out and about in Moscow, you must try some delicious pirozhki. These ae lite pies, but smaller and with soft golden-brown dough that’ filed 2) whatever you like — fruit, cheese, meat or fish Versions of this popular dish are 3) all across Easter Europe and loved by visitors from 4) cover the world Visiting London? Why not try the famous fish and chips? With crispy batter on the outside and delicious. white fish inside, it's the perfect treat at the end of the day. Its probably best to eat the full meal either at home or in the shop, but you'll see many people wandering 5) TOWN eating a portion of chips. There are many local 6) 10 fast food, most of them healthier and cheaper. So forget the burger bar fora while and try the wealth of great food that is just around the 7) from the place where you live. 1 A tour B voyage © travel - wa 2 Ain ® with C of © fom 3 A traced B located © found pie ieee, Pe Chey ies ov Secs B ciferences € optons © atercties 7B edge B side € angle O « |) Match the words in bold in the texts to their meanings. (See Answer Section) «periods of ten years + things we do every day + different types * very tired + walking without a destination + something that does not fit a pattern { EEE Compare and contrast the different dishes in the texts. In what ways are they similar or different? (See Answer Section) wot __In pairs, find out about two types of HEALTHY fast food. Research: when and |_ where it is sold; what the ingredients are; why it is popular. ©) ICT Prepare a PowerPoint presentation of your project forthe class. (See Answer Section) 59 MODULE 2nig Literature | Look at the picture on the right. What do you think the man has discovered? Read the biography below to find out. Ic looks like he has discovered a spaceship. Jlerbert George Wells (1866-1946) was a famous English writer. He was born in Kent, England. He loved to read. When he was a child he broke his leg and lots of books while he recovered. H. G. Wells wrote many science fiction books, including The Time Machine (1895) and The Invisible Man (1897), His novel The War of the Worlds (1898) is about aliens invading Earth and trying to take over the world. The main character, Ogilvy, finds an alien spaceship when it lands in a park near his home. ) Read the extract and put the events in the order that they happen. Check your answers with your partner. 3. He gets into the hole to see the object better. 36 2 The outer layer of the object starts to come off. 28 Ogilvy runs away from the object. L. 65 Ogilvy observes the object. L. 16 The end of the cylinder starts to move. L. 42 ‘Ogilvy wants to open the cylinder: L. 61 wae 3 RNE Po Listen as you read the text again. For statements |-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each statement correctly, Then translate lines |-14 from the text into Russian. 1 On first seeing the object, Ogilvy thinks it @ has an unusual appearance for a meteorite. B has the normal features of a meteor. € is wider and heavier than he expected. D is silent and hollow. 2. The park where Ogilvy sees the object is A cold and windy. B crowded with people. © very sunny and hot. (D empty and calm, 60) mooute 2 3. The phrase “brought his heart into his mouth” (line 32) means that Ogilvy suddenly feels B scared, B disappointed. C excited. D surprised, 4 Ogilvy inspects the object more carefully after A ic starts raining B he thinks itis safe. © he sees ash falling off it. D the object has cooled down. 5 Ogilvy doubes his own explanation for the pieces of ash falling off the object when ‘A. he finds that the objct is stil to0 hot to touch B) he notices where itis fling from. Che looks closer at the object. he goes down into the hole the object has made.The Thing itself lay almost completely buried in ‘sand, among the scattered parts ofa fir tree it had smashed to pieces on its way down. The uncovered part had the appearance of a huge 5 cylinder, its outline softened by a thick coating. It had a diameter of about thirty yards. He approached the object, surprised at the size and {1) even more at the shape, since most meteorites are rounded almost completely. it was, however, still 10 so hot from its fight through the air that he couldn't touch it. A stirring noise within its cyinder he guessed was due to the uneven cooling of its surface; for at that time he had not thought that it might be hollow. 18 He remained standing at the edge of the pit that the Thing had made for itself, staring at its strange appearance, surprised mainly at its unusual shape and colour, and wondering even then why it had arrived on Earth. The early morning was 20 wonderfully stl, and the sun, just clearing the pine trees towards Weybridge, was already warm. He did not remember hearing any birds that moming, there was certainly no breeze stiring, and the only sounds were the faint movements from within the 25 soot covered cylinder. He was all alone on the common, @ Then suddenly he noticed that some of the ashy 4) ‘coating that covered the meteorite was falling off the rounded edge of the end. It was dropping off in 30 flakes and raining down upon the sand. A large piece suddenly came off and fell with a sharp noise that brought his heart into his mouth. He realised @-that_ne_was sweating and his knees were knocking. 6 The word “this” (line 48) refers to B the movement of a mark on the object. B the object landing on Earth. a noise he hears from inside the object. D a sudden flash from the object. 7 Ogivy is distressed because A he can’t inspect the object. B he can't free the people he thinks are inside. © he’ afraid of what’ inside the object. D he burnt his hands on the object. Match the highlighted words in the extract with their opposites below. (See Answer Section) ‘rising + heating + solid + backward «free ‘+ remembered + calmly For a minute he hardly realised what this meant, 35 and, although the heat was excessive, he climbed down into the pit to see the Thing more clearly. He thought then that the cooling of the body might be ‘the reason for this, but what disturbed that idea was the fact that the ash was faling only from the end of 40 the cylinder. ~S) {And then he noticed that, very slowly, the circular op of the cylinder was turning on its body. It was such a gradual movernent that he discovered it only through noticing that a black mark that had been J near him five minutes ago was now atthe other side of the circumference. Even then he hardly understood what this meant, until he heard a ‘grating sound and saw the black mark jerk forward an inch or so. Then the thing came upon him in a 50 flash. The cylinder was artificial ~ hollow ~ with an ‘end that sorewed out! Something within the cylinder was unscrewing the top! “Good heavens!” said Ogilvy. ‘There's aman in it- 55 men in it! Haif roasted to death! Trying to escape!” At once, with a quick idea, in his mind he quickly linked the Thing with the flash upon Mars. The thought of the creature was _s0 47) dreadful to him that he forgot the heat and went 60 forward fo the cylinder to help tum it. But luckily the dull radiation stopped him before he could burn his, hands on the stil-glowing metal. At that he stood unsure for a moment, then turned, scrambled out of the pit, and set off running wildly towards 65 Woking. 5 Match the underlined phrases from the extract with their meanings below. (Gee Answer Section) + quiet, slight + harsh, raspy * covering, outer layer + all of a sudden, unexpectedly + small pieces, bits + awlul, terrible + climbed quickly 6 (OV whae do you think happens next? Spend three minutes writing down jeas. Tell your partner. Listen and your guesses were correct. (Ge own answers) b) ERISA Imagine that you meet an alien. With a friend, act out a meeting between you and the alien. Use the ideas below and/or invent some of your own questions to ask. (See Answer Section) ‘+ Which planet is he from? + What is it ike travelling in space? * Why has he come to Earth? mopute 2 | 61ai 62] mooute 2 mig Curricular Cut FOOD TECHNOLOGY Look at the pictures. How many of these foods/drinks can you identify? Which ones have a sharp, acid taste? (See Answer Section) Read the title of the article. What do you know about the topic? (See Answer Section) Os Do tne quiz. Read and listen to check your answers. Which of these pH numbers indicates an acid? Ald BB @4 The thermometer in your fridge says 5°C.You should A tum it up ® turn it down. € leave itas itis. Why does food go bad? Foon & Aciory The pH scale, which ranges from 1 to 14, measures whether something isan acid or (1). an alal_ A solution with a pH value under 7 isan acid whereas a solution witha pH - Value of more than 7 is an alkali Anything with a pH value of 7 is considered neutral. For example, cus frus, which have a pH value of about 2, are acidic, wile pure | water is neutral. The acidity of food is important because affects the taste and the J Fate at which microorganisms grow in the fod. Foon & MicnooncaNisms To prevent bacteria from growing, food should be kept A warm and moist. ® cold and dry. © warm and dry. Bacteria are destroyed by A low temperatures. © high comperatures. © high acidity. ‘spol. Moulds are microorganisms made of spores that move through the air and land ‘on foad. We can avoid eating mouldy food because mould grows in eoloies, so we can see it. Yeasts are single-celled organisms that can be found on the skin of fu, \which make fut go bad. Bacteria are single-ceed microorganisms which mutiply by spliting in two. They are the most dangerous microorganisms because they are not Visible othe naked eye, Ecol and salmonela are two deadly bacteria that can hide in food. They need warmth, moisture and time to grow on food, so we can prevent bacterial food poisoning by keeping shes, surfaces and utensis clean, cool and dry, (3) OxioaTion Exposure to oxygen inthe ar aso affect food. For example, an apple will quicly tum brown once it has been cut or peeled. This is because of a reaction between the ‘Natural proteins called enzymes in the fru and the oxygen inte air. We can reduce this effect and stop food such as fut and vegetables from turing brown by adding a natural acid (e.g. lemon juice), putting them in boling water fr ten seconds to ‘estioy the enzymes or by preserving them ina sugary solution such as syrup. ‘TEMPERATURE Wie can hel food to stay fesh longer by ether heating or cooling It. UAT products are termed ‘long-lite' because they are utra-heat treated, This means they are heated to a temperature of about 149°C for 6-9 seconds, and then quicky cooled. This destroys the bacteria. Keeping food in the fridge at 0°C -3°C wil slow the growth of, bacteria and keep food fresh for longer. Freezing food at “18°C or ower koe bacteria dormant. We should always make sure that we heat frozen foods to a temperature of 72°C or mare to cook the food propery and kil any bacteria present, <4) ‘This way, we can avo geting food poisoning Z ‘What is the ideal temperature for a home freezer? Aoc ®-8°C © 72°C Match the words in bold in the text to these definitions. (See Answer Section) ‘not active * rot * water + groups * pace *a process between different substances “proteins * tools + conserving In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (See Answer Section) ‘What have you learnt about the topic? Why does food go bad? ‘What else would you like to learn? Work in groups. Collect information, then present it to the class. (See Answer Section)wane 10 " 2 3 4 Is wawn- Fill in: He asked me to consider his offer. “Can you do me a favour?” he asked me. | called to confirm the reservation. People on a diet should watch their calorie intake. Read the labels on food carefully, to check for hidden additives. ‘Wholemeal bread is better for you than white. Many people who eat a Mediterranean diet live to an old age. ‘Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, Cheese, milk and yoghurt are all dairy products. Being slim is a great concern to Jane. We eat a varied diet with plenty of vegetables. People with anorexia nervosa require medical attention, “Did you make your bed this morning?” she asked. Loss of fruit are artificially ripened in greenhouses. ‘The cake was great.| asked for a second helping. { Points: _\ \15x2 30) Put the verbs into the correct tense. A: You should have called (call) me last night. 1 waited for an hour. B: I'm so sorry.You'e right. ought co have called (call). A; He can’t have been (be) at work yesterday. B: You're right. We would have seen (see) him. ‘A: You don't need to do (do) the washing-up. | have already done it. B: Thanks.You shouldn't have done (do) it. A: I'm not allowed to eat (eat) foods rich in fat. B: You ought not to have (nothave) that cake then. ‘A: | was supposed to cook (cook) dinner tonight, but I was tired, so we had sandwiches. B: You should have ordered (order) a takeaway. (or mol 5x4 20) ‘Change into reported speech using: . (See Answer Section) “Would you like to come out to dinner?” “I didn't eat the last piece of cake!” “Please, please help me with my homework!" “11m really sorry | broke the plate.” “Why don’t we go to a restaurant?” Pines: __ 5x2 10} Pro sress Check 2 the correct particle. Education alone is not enough to bring about ‘changes in people's diets. It took him quite some time to get over the shock of the accident. After she fainted, it took the medic some time to bring her round, 4 I picked up a nasty virus while on holiday. Long dark winter nights really get me down, Poines: _| 5x2 10} Complete gaps 1-5 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. ‘You should increase your daily intake of fruit. Day | have completely removed junk food from my diet COMPLETE Developed countries have good standards of health care. DEVELOP Some people believe that wearing fur is immoral. MORAL “The amount of charity work he does is admirable, ADMIRE (Poin: —_ (sx2 10) ‘Complete the second sentence using the word in bold. Use two to five words. | bought some milk because we may run out of it later. case | bought some milk in case we run cout later, ‘Although it had good reviews, | was disappointed with the new restaurant. despite | was disappointed with the new restaurant despite the good reviews. Greek and Turkish cooking are alike in a number of ways. similar Greek cooking is very similar to Turkish cooking. He's in charge of ten employees. responsible He's responsible for ten employees. Ive been in search of a good Indian restaurant for ages. looking I've been looking for a good Indian restauranefor ages. (roms: _| \sx4 20) Now I can... (My score: \ 100) + summarise 2 text + talk about healthy eating, eating disorders, accidents & emergencies + ask for and give advice: agree/disagree + make suggestions & reach a decision + write letters/emails . in English mooute 2 | 63Module 2) 00.5 0) RNE Reading - Task 2 Read the text and choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use.Write your answers in the table. ns ee ae ee Everybody knows that you can catch a cold or the flu. But recently it has been discovered that happiness is also catching. A new study was carried out at Harvard Medical School which shows that happiness spreads just like a What this means is that your happiness can have an affect on the people 1) disea! Think for a minute about what happens when you have a bad cold. You can give your cold to all the people around you 2) .... These people, your friends, your family, and the people you go to school with, catch your cold and then they pass it along to others, who then pass it along to people that they associate with. fappiness works in a way 3)... LetS say you are in a good mood 4)... You tell your friends about it. They care about you and how you feel, 5) ... Then they go home and spread the happiness to their family members. One of these family members, the mother, for example, goes to the supermarket and because she is happy she smiles at the check-out gir, The check-out gil, seeing this big smile, stars to think her job isn't so bad after all and then she treats her next customer 6)..... This chain of happiness goes on and on. Isnt it a wonderful thought that \ you can make so many people happy just by smiling at one other person? A. ina way which is polite and friendly F because you passed an important exam B if you get too close to them G which is exactly the same © so they feel happy too 1D that get colds from the people they live with E who you know and even those you don't o o CS | a (08 cl EAS sl Use of English - part 1 Read the text and complete gaps 1-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in. capitals. A Day to Remember | | Jule and Cindy are best friends. They 1) have known each other since they were five years old, | They met on the very first day of school. On that very special day, ‘Cindy was very frightenes | She didn’t want to leave her mother and go into the classroom with her new teacher, | Her teacher said to her, 2) smiling kindly, “Come on it time together.” ‘Cindy. We are going to have a great Cindy 3) went into the room and sat down. Then she started to cry. Julie saw her and asked,"4) Aren't you happy to be at school?” Cindy looked at her and said, "I am happy but 5) am crying because | don't know anyone,” Julie laughed and said to her that she and two other girls 6) were going to draw some pictures, She asked her to come and join them. Cindy dried her tears, looked at Julie and said," | 7) will come with you because I know we are going to be best friends forever.” And Cindy was right! 64] mooute 2Module 2| | Part 2 Read the text and complete gaps 1-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. SPOR ues ese If you are looking for a new 1) furry friend, the RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of ‘Cruelty to Animals) can help you find exactly what you want. There are hundreds of animal shelters across England and Wales you can visit in order to select a new pet for your family. While you may have to pay something for your new pet, it wll not be 2) expensive and the | EXPENSE price includes vaccinations and you will get reduced rates for pet insurance. Every RSPCA 3) employee is fullytrained and they make it their business to ensure that all EMPLOY the animals they look after are happy and healthy. Before any animal is given a new home they are examined to see what kind of family would be most 4) suitable for them Every animal has.a different ‘personality’ and RSPCA staff know that suT families and pets have to be perfectly matched. | There are so mary 5)homeless animals in the UK that it only makes sense to come to us HOME rather than go to a pet shop or animal breeder: When you adopt a pet from the RSPCA, you ‘can be certain that you are giving a home to a pet that really deserves it. Show you are a 6) caring person by choosing a pet from any RSPCA centre. CARE Part 3 Read the text. For gaps I-7, choose A, B,C or D to complete each gap correctly. Circle the answer you choose. A Great Mother Janet Ferguson is a working mother. She loves her two children with all her heart, but sometimes she thinks how ‘wonderful t would be to get 1)... and be on her own for a tle while, Janets mornings are incredibly busy She gets up atthe crack of dawn, so she can get herself ready before her two ctildren wake up, hungry and 2)... for breakfast, which, of course, she has to prepare. Once everyone is washed, ressed and fd, Janet 3)... her son and daughter to school Jane, the youngest, goes to a kindergarten which is 4) ..... bout twenty minutes from the city centre. Tom's schools rightin the mide of London, which means that on many morings Janet has to deal with heavy tfc to {get him there. As afn) 5) .... , she is often late for her job as an accountant ata large department sire, Janet works hard for eight hours, and then turns around and does everything in 6)... She picks up te children, takes them home, feeds them and then makes sute they are in bed at a normal time. By this 7)... evety night, Janet is totally exhausted. tis only when she goes in to kiss Tom and Jane goodnight that she realises that all the work that she dd that day was worth it because she has two such great peoniein her lif _ = = | Ao ® away Cc by D back 2 Basking B demanding € requesting appealing 3A brings Bi goes arrives © drives 4 A placed B settled © located D put 5 A effect ® result © outcome D conclusion 6 A return B reserve repeat @ reverse 7 Amoment —B period © time D instant mopute 2 | 65Module 2| 005 0) RNE Listening - Part 1 You will hear six different speakers. Match the speakers (1-6) to sentences A-G. Use ‘each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. You will hear the recording twice. A | am careful, as a consumer, not to cause unnecessary waste. B | don’t recycle very much, but | do what | can. € I'm planning a special recycling project. D | make everyone in the family help out with recycling. E I recycle almost all of our domestic waste. F I help to educate the young about caring for the environment. G | don't believe any recycling | do will make a real difference. Speaker’ Part 2 You will hear a conversation between two friends. For statements 1-7, decide if each statement is True, False or Not stated. Circle the answer you choose. You will hear the recording twice. 1 Bob is very worried about the exams. A Tue — @® Fake © Not stated 2 Bob has to pay £300 to his father. A Te B False © Not stated 3 Sue is fairly sure she will work in the shop again this year. at B Fake 4. Bob is certain he would like to work in a shop. A True ® False © Not stated 5. Bob's mother and father work in the same profession. B Twe B False © Not stated & Sue thinks that Bob should look at the job advertisements in newspapers. A Tue ® Fase 7 Bob has experience working a a waiter. A Tue B Fake © Notsated © Not stated © Not stated 66| mooue 2 Speaking Task 2 (4 minutes) ‘You and your friend are going to organise a special event for a popular classmate who is moving to another town. You can choose from: +a surprise leaving party + dinner at a local restaurant + an afternoon at a funfair + an evening at a comedy club Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you would both like to be responsible for. (See Answer Section) Remember to: + discuss all the options + be polite + take an active part in the conversation = explain the situation = come up with your ideas = give good reasons = find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account = invite your friend to come up with suggestions + come to an agreement (Gee interlocutor Card 2) Writing - Part 2 You have 40 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement. “Atthough both have their attractions, living in a vilage is much better than living ina large city. ‘What is your opinion? Where would you prefer to live? Write 200-250 words. Use the following plan: + make an introduction and state your opinion + give reasons to support your opinion + give arguments for the other point of view and ‘explain why you disagree with it + draw a conclusion (See Answer Section)| can see some tourists visiting an ancient temple. Pic. | is from unie 8 “The unit i 2 speaking section which aims to teach how to talk about similarities and cifferences MI can see.a man and a young boy fishing. They are in a beautiful place with mouneains and a forest in the background. Pic. Is from uni 7 The unit isa listening section that aims to teach how to state opinions. {can see a strange-looking animal holding onto a tree. ft can see a stage with some actors in period costumes performing a play. Perhaps, is pare ofa festival. Pi, 4 iz % from unit 2.The unit is about fairs and festivals. looks as though iti nigh time in a forest Pie.3 is from unit 3.The unit is about Madagascar. 1 can see a beauuful old building “There are mary statues and carvings decorating it Pie. 5 is from Travel Time wk neo ane > Look at Module 3 > Practise ... * Describe the pictures. + phrasal verbs: turn, take, put, keep, go, give, come, + Which units are the pictures from? What is cary each unit about? + gradable adverbs + used to/would > Find the page numbers for + comparing pictures = wtample 5 + stating opinions + a strange hotel BI * gegen wears 34 > Write ... eer fm] + saahoreletoer-to sifrfend + a description of a place of interest > Listen, read and talk about + a narrative/descriptive email or letter Aaenbereearon + lecters/emails inviting/accepting - refusing + areview + holidays & holiday experiences + travel & tourist attractions » Learn how to ... * use your senses to describe a festival + describe and talk about past events + ask about/recommend a place Green Issues: Eco-tourism mopute 3 | 67mug N/ifeeserer ete sonisteb enioy life at a slower pace, but {T) ‘rom the moment Susan took up pottry my quiet life seemed to drift out of control. Suddenly, the house was full of empty vases and unused dishes, each one requiring my seal of approval before being putin place on newly-built shelves. Although 1 appreciated the fact that my wile had discovered a hidden talent, it was becoming increasingly obvious that we ‘had to find some use for her creations before we ran out of space completely <2) Susan's brightly coloured ceramic plates and dishes made ideal gifts, but birthdays and special occasions didnt ‘come around often enough to save us, 0 | was delighted when she suggested renting a stall ata local craft fa. ‘We live a few miles from the village of Downton, near Salsbury in Witshice. It a lovey, quiet vilage on the River ‘Avon that’s full of strange customs and Lead-in 1 0s Listen to the mse What images come to mind? What can you seeifeel? What ishappening? (6: own answers) Reading 5 OV bese te peures "How might they be related to the text? Listen, read and check. (Gee Answer Section) 2 RINE Read the text again. For statements 1-7, choose A, B,C or D to complete each statement correctly. Compare answers with your partner. Then translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian. | The writer and his wife moved to the countryside because A their life was out of control. B their city lifestyle was too boring, © they wanted a more relaxed lifestyle D they wanted to startanew hobby, 4. The writer was surprised when they reached Downton because 2 The main problem with Susan’s pean @ ic was busy early in the morning. B it was unusually sunny. it was hundreds of years old. D it was strangely quiet. A they were poorly made, @® there wasn't encugh room for them, they were dull and uninteresting. 5 The Feason it took so long for the writer and his wife to D nobody wanted to reczive them call any shiny wax blige as gifts. A there weren't many people at the fair B people liked the handicrafts better. © people were too interested in other things. D nobody liked Susan's ceramics. 3 The writer seems to feel that the Downton Cuckoo Fair is B an important pare of history B the only interesting thing to do «© The writer uses the phrase ‘we were soon struggling to in the couneryside, cope’ (paragraph 4) to show that useful for people who live in the A the American tourists were making a lot of noise. city. ® they were busy as lots of people wanted the ceramics. D an unusual country activity. © they didn’t understand why people bought the ceramics. D they didn’t have much time left to sell the ceramics. 7 At the end of the fair the writer A was extremely tired B thought it had lasted too long. € thought it had been too noisy. D looked forward to returning. 68] mooue sWri £0 = WS old traditions, such asthe Cuckoo Fara the beginning of spring. BD Sinoe the 16th century, people have been coming from miles, around fo marvel at this medieval festival. These days, around 20,000 people enjoy ve entertainment from brass bands, street performers and Morris dancers. For those of us who were ‘brought up in the city it seems lke a lot of quaint countryside {un but the far also has about 250 stalls seling handmade crafts ‘and local produce, and thats why Susan and | set off for Downton in the early hours of the morning, @ Even at 6 am, Downton was a hive of activity. As the sun orept ‘across the vilage, our fellow stall holders were laying out their wares on stalls that lined Downton's main street ust they done hundreds of years ago. However, this was an entirely new experience for Susan and she was strangely silent as she arranged and rearranged her display. For Susan, tis was far ‘more than an opportunity to make some money from surplus hangirafts. She was like an artist preparing fr her fst pubic exhibition and her erties would have to show their approval by parting with some cash if the day was going to end wel ‘As a crowd slowly formed, the homemade honey on the stall ‘few potential customers hesitantly asked about the prices, but ‘most were too distracted by the hustle and bustle to make a(S) purchase. | confess that my own atention had started to wander when | suddenly heard the wid, enthusiastic shrieks of a delighted American tous. | tuned to find a group of edery ladies gazing at Susan's display as though they had just discovered buried treasure. They were generous in their praise and eager to hand over ther money for as many bargains as ‘they could carry. The attention drew in yet more customers and we were soon sttugging to cope. ma) By the early afternoon, we had nothing left to sell and we were finally fee to explore the rest ofthe Cuckoo Fair. The hidren dancing around the Maypole looked adorable as they weaved around each other in their bright costumes. Then we followed a siteet procession to the crowning of the Cuckoo Princess. ‘Athough | cant. say either of us fully understood the significance ofthis ancient ceremony, we both applauded. We ‘wanted to prolong the fun, but itwas time to go. As | drove home with my own cuckoo prinoess asleep inthe passenger seat, | ‘wondered whether this would be a regular feature of our quiet. ‘country life. For all the satisfaction the ‘had_bro. ‘et to ous seemed 10 be sling wel. The 6 couple who Ssacny Roped 8, —9) produced this tempting ret ofered Susan a supporive smile, ‘but by mid-moming we were still waiting to make our first sale. A. Fillin:old, special, stall, Speaking supportive, main, performers, bands, potential, public, street, Work in pairs. Imagine that you are in Downton. You call your best friend at home. Use the diagram to talk about what you are doing there and if you like it. (See Answer Section) greet friend (Hi...) respond — ask where friend is T= (HilWhere ..2) name place (I'm at...) ask what helshe is doing there (What .?) =X ask for more details (Reoly? Tel.) give decals (VIE) Seek Howse boas Dajor «promise © g0 one day (1 promise I.) close conversation’ ——~*. make closing remarks (Toke care) Joocinnde, quiet Use them to make sentences related to the festival, (See Answer Section) 1 special 6 supportive @ oceasions smile 2 sll 7 main street holders 8 old traditions 3 3. brass bands 9 street procession espond (tim ~) 4. public 10 potential e e Express feelings — exhibition customers pit eeeenme 5 street TH quiet vilage (ts. wish you ~) performers | 12. handmade crafts (Talk to you soon) 5, Explain the words/phrases in bold. Check in your dictionaries. (See Answer Section) In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (Gee Answer Section) Writing J Imagine you are Susan. Write a short letter to a friend. Include: how much you like your new home, what you did during the Cuckoo Fair, how much you enjoyed it (50-65 words). (Gee Answer Section) mopute 3 | 69one 70| moouce 3 Vocabulary & Grammar Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. The party didn’t come...... until Paul showed up. Baive Blive Cliving Dively Having a homemade birthday cake is a family .... Accustom B habit ©tradition D heritage We watched them perform the ceremony. ancient B aged C antique D elderly We moved to the country fora slower ..... oflife Awak Bstep Cspeed pace The . a lot of money, which we gave to charity. Awon Bgot ©aised D gained John didn’t know he would be so good at painting. Tewas a(n) ....... talent. ‘A unseen @ hidden C invisible D concealed Jane set off in the ....... hours of the morning. Asoon early Cyoung Dice He was reluctant to part any cash. Bwith Bey Cro Dof Fairs and festivals are a regular ...... of village ie Aside Brrat ©feature D quality | enjoy watching ...... performers. Aroad Blane ©)street D highway © Word Power (ways to look) Use the most suitable verbs in their correct form to complete the sentences. {squint He glared at me angrily and | was afraid. She peeped around the bedroom door to check the children were asleep. He only glimpsed the thief as he ran away, so he couldn't describe him to the police. She glanced at her watch and realised she would be late for work. She gazed at herself in the mirror, admiring her beauty She peered out of the window but she couldn't see anything through the mist. He had lost his glasses, so he was squinting at everything all day. He stared at her in disbelief when she told him the news. prolong or extend, Cheek in your dictionaries. prolong a farewell prolong a conversation extend a building prolong a visit extend a contract prolong sb's life prolong a situation extend a deadline © Phrasal verbs Choose the correct particle. Explain the phrasal verbs in your language. Check in Appendix |. Make sentences using the other partiel (Gee Answer Section) Could you please turn down/in the radi hear a word you're saying. We were taken infaback by the amazing decorations. ‘The festival was put outloff because of bad weather. ‘The musicians kept on/for playing til the early hours There was enough food to go roundiout. ‘They were giving awayloff free CDs at the entrance. While at the funfair, we came acrosslinto some unusual pottery. We got carried outlaway by the music and couldn't stop singing. © Phrases with ‘time’ Joy, pass, take, cel, have im the correct | like to take my time when | am getting ready to 0 out for the evening, Dad said he had plenty of time and offered me a lift to the station. ‘The guest of honour was late, so the host had to play for time until he arrived by telling jokes. ‘On long journeys, | pass the time by reading a good book, | was six when | learnt to tell the time.© Gradable adverbs (GR. 173 RINE Read the text. For gaps I-7, choose A, B, C or D - to complete each gap correctly. 6 Choose the correct word. 1 Nottingham is quite/rather famous for its carnival. 2. I didn't expect to see her at the party. le was prettylquite a surprise. 3. Rather/Quite soon after we arrived, | the concert started Renaissance Faires, in which people (1) ...... out life as it was in t6th- 4 He seemed to have a rather) | century England, are popular in many parts of the USA. One of the | largest is in New York and it has (2)....... @ major annual event | Pretty good idea of what went attracting 10,000 vistors a day. It takes place every weekend during | wrong with the party. ‘August and September. 5. The instructions were ratheriquite cearplicttad for OHGS IEW. If you vist the Faire, you will find yourself in a large village of buildings just ike those of Shakespeare's time, (3)... actors walking the lanes | in Elizabethan costume. Many visitors also dress up in costumes which | ‘can be (4)... forthe day. Shops sella variety of goods, many of them | made using the materials and techniques (6)....... by 1éth-century | craftsmen. Elizabethan-styie taverns and inns serve traditional English food and drink Study Skills Using your senses When describing a place or a scene, use language to help the reader see, feel, smell, hear or taste what you're experiencing, | | Critics complain that the Faire is (6) ...... of an amusement park than | an accurate picture of 16th-century life, but visitors agree that it is a | highly enjoyable day (7)... wth a difference. | This will make your description 1 Aplay B perform C pretend act more vid 2 @become B developed C produced —D grown . | 3 Awhile — @with Cas Doy i Listening | a Asold = @hired C borrowed Dbought fc >) loyed =D fe 7 110s Listen to a prio 5 Amade —_B found employs formed describing the pictere Which of | 6 Amost much such @imore the phrases below does he use? 7 Aoft Bin Con out Speaking Imagine you are at a funfair.Tell your partner about it. (See Answer Section) \__ green grass |_fresh air + crowded funfair/a lot of people { Git sunsine) + loud music Fright cooured + delicious smell of hot dogs, candy { floss ete smooth | Prrces rom, Sze eee | young trees | scent of + brightly coloured attractions spring flowers + flashing lights | iene onan esses) e.g. The funfair is very crowded. There are 4 lot of people at the Funfair. mooute 3 | 71Lead-in What do you know about Madagascar? Which of the following sentences about this island are true? Decide in pairs. Read through and check. Its the same size as Europe. F Its in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of East Africa. F Its the oldest island in the world Ithas one national park =F There are strangely-shaped rocks in Tsingy. u A wide variety of plants and animal species live there. T ‘There is very litle rainfall in some areas. T A lot of Madagascar’s plants may be used in medicine. T Reading a) RINE Read the article and choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps 1-6.There is cone extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. which are not found anywhere else con the island as there are many that pharmaceutical companies are interested in which help them limit their water loss which is located in the northwest of the istand which is used to treat some cancers and also diabetes which may prove useful to the pharmaceutical industry because it is home to more than a quarter of a milion species 72| moouce 3 b) Or Compare with your partner. Listen and check. Then translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian. 4 Match the words in bold with their meanings. (See Answer Section) + whitish-coloured rock used for making cement explored *adjust «difficult task Imost + round and brightBotanist Nick Leaver talks about a scent expedition to one of the world's most remote and biodiverse nature reserves. Botany may not be regarded by many as the most exciting of careers, but I can honestly say that I have never found it anything but enthralling. | have had the great fortune to travel virtually the entire world for my job looking for plant species [1]F]. Last year, my research took me to Madagascar, one of the most beautiful and fascinating countries | have ever had the good fortune to visit ‘Madagascaris an sland about the size of France ofthe south- east coast of Aitica. It isa biologist’s dream [2 |G]. What is more, an estimated 80% of these are found nowhere else on Earth, The reason that Madagascar has such a treasure trove of unique species is that its animal and plant life have been ‘evolving in isolation for millions of years. It is estimated that Madagascar broke away from the Indian subcontinent somewhere between 80 and 100 million years ago making it the world's oldest islan. With such a tremendous collection of species under its care, the Madagascar government has set aside about fifty areas of special interest as national parks. One of the most beautiful is the Tsingy Bemaraha National Park [3D]. ‘Tsingy consists of deciduous forests and mangrove swamps sitting on towering, jagged limestone rocks. Below ground, there is an enormous network of caves, rivers and streams. There are bird, reptile, lemur and frog species in the park [ATA]. The aye-aye, the world's largest nocturnal primate, lives there too. It has a very odd appearance ~ luminous, beady eyes and a very long middle finger on both its hands. creme, wildlife, scientific, burning, rocky, Suivp, ower, sauures Make sentences based on the text using the phrases. (Gee Answer Section) 1 sharp peaks 5 scientific expec 2. wildlife habitat 6 towering cliffs 3 extreme conditions 7 nature reserves, 4 burning heat 8B rocky landscape Speaking & Writing 5 Inpairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (See Answer Section) {Imagine you are Nick Leaver: It's your first day in Tsingy.Write your diary entry. Include: where you are, what you have done, what your feelings and impressions are. (See Answer Section) {twas in this truly incredible wildlife habitat that | gathered the majority of my plant samples. Getting to many of the plants in Tsingy can be a struggle because of the terrain You have to be prepared to climb and scramble over this wonderful rocky landscape. The limestone pinnacles soar above 150 feet in some places. The plants cling precariously to the sharp peaks and towering cls. Those on the tops of the rocks have had to adapt to extreme conditions — burning heat and long periods of drought ~ so they do not have leaves, but instead are covered in thoms [5G]. On the other hand, those on the canyon floor have water, but live in shadow. The lack of light means they have to stretch up towards the sky to grasp whatever sunlight they can and 50 they have unusually long stems and branches. To date, we, botanists, have counted roughly 650_plant species in Tsingy. Most of these have not been investigated, but research in laboratories, like the one I work in, will hopefully discover if any are of medicinal value. 1 have high hopes. Madagascar is home to the Rosy Periwinkle, [6 TE } | suspect there are many more Madagascer plants with potential disease- curing properties. | Mon 24 April It’s my first day here in Today has been 8 “difficult day. We I'm really tired, but I'm also ... This place is ICT | What did you learn about Madagascar? What else would you like to know? Collect information in groups, then present it to the class. You can visit this website: heepilwwwewildmadagascar.org- ‘Answer Section) monute 3 | 73onic = 3 Vocabulary & Grammar Choose the correct word. Give reasons. Then translate the sentences into Russian. | always ...... in touch with old friends. Bkeep Bbe Chold D maintain Tom usually ...... our holiday arrangements. Adoes @)makes C carries D works He can't see the ...... of going on holiday in his, ‘own country Areason Baim ©point _D intention ike to... the local food whenever | go on holiday. Afeel try practise D undergo Sara cannot make up her ...... about where to go this summer, Abrain @mind € thought D idea My town has seen a tourist....... this year because of the festival Arise — B boost ©boom —D burst The hotel was on a quiet avenue ...... with trees. Armarked B edged ©lined —_D sided Bob did not his promise. He booked a weekend for us in Paris. B@bresk Brthrow Cleve Diet Diana works for a...... travel compary. Achief Bain Cfirst leading She is not happy about the situation and is going to Fleet steps to improve it Amake Bdo ©take Fill in with: trip, voyage, journey, crossing, cruise, “ravel, cour, Cheek in your dictionaries. D follow The ferry crossing was quite rough The voyage across the Atlantic was uncomfortable in such a small boat. John went on a luxury cruise around the Med. She took a tour of all the city sights. | took a book with me to read on the long train journey. They say, "It's better to travel than to arrive” Bob has to go on a short business trip this weekend. Fill in withs border, frontier, boundary, Check: in your dictionaries. They say that space is the final frontier, There is a stone wall that marks the eastern boundary of my property. There is a long border dividing Russia from Eastern Europe. 74| mooute s w 6 Cross the odd word out. Compare with your partner. Use words from below to describe where you went on your last holiday. (Gee Answer Section) camping, beach, qicksatk, skiing, summer holiday luxurious, family, modern, friendly, your hotels tourist, interesting, famous, historical.big sights pebbly, crowded, golden, traditional, secluded beach pavement, cosy. antique, outdoor, quaint café diet; local, vegetarian, delicious, cold dishes souvenir, inexpensive, new, natiomt, trendy shop Last year we went on a camping holiday to... We stayed ato. Study Skills Expanding sentences When you write, try to expand your sentences by adding descriptive andjor specific details. Think of who, what, how, where, when, why and hal for. This will help you make your sentences more informative and make your piece of writing more attractive to the reader. eg. They were on the beach. Who: The boys ~ What: making sandcasties How: happily ~ Where: on the beach When: all moming The boys were happily making sandcastles on the beach all morning. Work in pairs. Use two or three of the points above to expand the following sentences. (See Answer Section) We stayed at a nice hotel. She went shopping. ‘They ate at a local restaurant. He went swimming in the sea. © Idioms with ‘sight’ Fill in the appropriate idioms related to sight. They fell in love at first sight. (as soon as they saw each other) She watched the plane take off and fly away until it was out of sight. (too far away to see) | caught sight of him hiding behind the tree. (managed to see) We were following her but she disappeared in the crowd and we lost sight of her. (could no longer see) | know him by sight but I've never spoken to him. (recognise his face)Read the text and complete gaps the correct derivative of each wor capitals. —_ wa Discover the most 1) spectacular countryside in Britain on a Land Trek walking holiday. We offer a(n) 2)incredible range of walking holidays and short breaks around Britain, but they all have one thing in common. They are al led by our own 3) experienced guides, who can really bring the countryside to life for you and your fellow 4) walkers. EX! Follow in the footsteps of the Roman Legionnaires along Hadrian's Wall, or hike from shore to shore across England. Go along the 5) coastal paths of Cornwall or climb England's highest. mountain in the Lake District. To make your holiday a(n) 6) memorable experience, you can stay in 7) friendly guesthouses or small family-run hotels. We inspect every 8) establishment and select them for the 9) warmth of their welcome and high quality faites. With 10) daily departures and such a wide 11) choice of holidays in beautiful destinations, you can easily create your perfect holiday. Ik. ais; wa 1 with rd in SPECTACLE CREDIBLE PERIENCE WALK COAST MEMORY FRIEND ESTABLISH WARM. DAY CHOOSE nie © be/get/used to/would (GR p. 174 Fill inz be/get used (0, used co, would in the appropriate form. | used to go ice-skating a lot, but | hardly have the time any more. He doesn’t go swimming now, but he used to, Spoilt children are used to getting their own way. I should get used to the new working conditions quickly He couldn't. get used to the fact that he had lost his job. 6 Asa child, she wouldlused to ride her bike for hours. se 9 wre Sseauane il You will get used to the weather conditions after a few months. It took me a while to get used to the noise in my new flat. They used to live in the country some years ago. While staying at our grandparents’ cottage we would/used to get up early and go for a long walk before having breakfast. Complete the sentences about yourself. (Gs own answers) I'm used to I'm getting used to used to I would I'm not used to. Listening ‘OO Listen to Mark and Sue discussing their holidays and mark the sentences M (for Mark) and S (for Sue). Ic was a total disaster. M ‘The scenery was incredible. S It was nice and cosy. S Ic rained the whole time. M The food was really cheap. M They overcharged us. M It was good value for money. S Ie was noisy and dirty. M It was too crowded for my liking. M Ie was off the beaten track. S | guess I'm too old for that sort of thing. M Writing [ONY Think of a holiday you have been on where everything went wrong. Spend two to three minutes writing about it. Read it to your partner. (See Answer Section) mooute 3 | 75Lead-in Look at pictures A-D.What can you do or see when visiting places like these? e.g. visit museums, go. shopping, go sightseeing, learn ‘about cuiturelhistory. (See Answer Section) If you were to visit any of these places, which one would you choose and why? Discuss in groups. (See Answer Section) Reading about the place you were visiting on holiday: hire a tour | guide? buy a guidebook? etc. Tell | your partner. a) RIVE Match the headings (AH) to extracts 1-7. Use each heading only once. There is one extra heading you do not need to use. Imperial beginnings A perilous journey A nature lover's delight A great monument of civilisation A fictional heaven Willie in danger A service in high demand Exploring the past TOnmooe> b) Which extract does each picture match? (See Answer Section) Match the words/phrases in bold to their meanings, (Gee Answer Section) ‘rises high + important, interesting time of highest demand + greatly + calm and peaceful + in large quantity * cut down for timber wander + has a magical effect variety + witness, evidence * productive * continuous description utter bliss walking cour running commentary ‘mountain ranges official residence vast complex drew inspiration travel conditions sea level magnificent site 1 | 0} MoouLe 3[CTTE] shangr-Lais an imaginary location described in the novel lost Horizon by British author James Hilton. It isa tranquil haven in the Tibetan mountains, a place which casts a spell on all who lve there, Today, the word Shangr‘-Lais synonymous witha place cof complete and utter bss, delight and peace ~ an earthly utopia. Robert Kuok, founder of Asia's leading luxury hotel group, the ShangriLa group of hotels and resorts, drew inspiration for his In the world's largest cities, the cheapest, fastest and most efficient way to move around is often by underground. This is certainly true in TToxyo, acityof some 13 millon people and home to the busiest underground system in the world. Every oe company’s name from Lost Horizon. [STF] The magnificent Paradise Forests of South east Asia - comprising rainforests, swamp forests, coastal and mangrove forests ~ are home to an extraordinary diversity of species and hundreds of indigenous cultures. Tragically, these forests are being logged at a rate unequalled anywhere else on Earth, The Sumatran tiger and the world's largest flower, the one metre wise raflesia, are threatened. ‘Similarly, more than 1,000 languages spoken by the people who call these forests home could vanish. York is a beautiful medieval city and forthe last years Brian Larkin has been taking visitors on a unique walking tour around it, His tour is different because, he says, he wants to give people an Understanding of how ordinary people really lved in the past. As he takes them down some of York's darkest side streets and alleyways, Bran gives visitors a running commentary on what life was lke without the benefits of electricity or modem plumbing. year, around three bilion passenger joumeys are taken on the Tokyo subway. Unsurprisingly, given ‘such numbers, travel conditions during peak hours ‘can be extremely uncomfortable. Some subway cars are fled to 160% of capacity during rush hour. ‘The Acropolis of Athens is the most famous acropolis in the world. A fattopped rock in the middle ofthe cy, rising 150 metres above sea level, the Acropolis has been a place of importance for thousands of years. It has several famous buildings on top of its ‘summit, the most notable being the Parthenon, a temple erected in the ‘6th century BC to honour the Greek goddess Athena. The Acropolis is ‘2 magnificent site, a true testament to the glory that was Ancient Greece. Spectacular mountain ranges, breathtaking scenery ‘and abundant wildlife make Nepal one of the most popular travel destinations for those who love the outdoors. Home to the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, Nepal's topography soars from 70 metres to 8,848 metres above sea level. Wide lke tigers, rhinos, monkeys, bears and leopards roam Nepal's forests, grasslands and deserts. 10% of the ‘world’s bird species can be found flying in the skies of this beautiful country ‘The Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, Russia, is the largest art gallery in the world, with free milion works ranging from Michelangelo to Matisse. The collections are cisplayedin a vast complex of six buildings, including the Winter Palace, the oficial residence ofthe Russian Tsars. The Hermitage collecion began as the private collection of the Empress Catherine the Great and was substantially expanded by succeeding Tsars, as well as the Soviet State, into the superb collecton itis today. Listening & s Speaking 1 OV tisten tothe extracts Say two things you remember from each text about the places. Then translate texts 4 and 7 into Russian. (Ss' own answers) IISA Which of the following points would you include in a description of a place? Discuss in pairs giving reasons, (See Answer Section) + why itis of interest * where itis situated * who lives there + how old itis * why you like it + the cost of getting there + what purpose it serves + how popular it is + what threats it faces Writing Write a short description of a place of interest in your ‘country. Spend three to five minutes writing about it and then read your description to your partner. (See Answer Section) mooute 3 | 77% The intercity train from London to Edinburgh also stops at Leeds and Newcastle. 2. The express train is faster because it doesn't stop anywhere on the way. 3 The goods train only transports food and merchandise. 4 The local train is slow, but it calls at all our neighbouring towns. Ith: season, single oF your dictionaries. 1 He bought a single ticket to London because he was only going one way. 2 If youre going to Leeds and coming back on the same day. it's better to buy a return ticket 3. She travels by train every day, so she bought a season ticket to save money. the gaps with: :es:0°0, sepair, enovane > Fill or preserve Use a dictionary. 1 They wanted to renovate the old house so it would look just like it used to years ago. 2 It took months to restore the painting to its former glory. 3) When the TV broke, we couldn't repair it, so we bought a new one. 4 Pickles are vegetables that you preserve in vinegar. Listening Ieee eee talking about what they prefer to do when they are on holiday. What does each person prefer? ! fann 78 MODULE 3 eg. eg. + What's it like? Speaking a) Look at the list below. What do you prefer to do when you are on holiday? Tell your partner. (See Answer Section) + to stay in historicimodern cities + to go shopping in traditionalitrendy shops + to see magnificent ancient/contemporary architecture + to eat in quaint/stylish restaurants + to walk along peaceful/busy streets + t0 visit amazing temples/art galleries + to appreciate stunning views/an urban lifestyle + to swim in crystal clear waters/a water park + to experience colourful markets/go to superb theatres + to lie on exotic beaches/ride on attractions | prefer places where I can go shopping in trendy shops and eat in stylish restaurants. b) Can you recommend a place for your Partner to go on holiday? (See Answer Section) If were you'd go to ..! Have you ever thought about going to..? /You should realy visit. Everyday English © Asking about/ Recommending places Work in pairs. Make a list of places tourists could visit in your area. Imagine your partner is visiting you for a few days and wants to find out about where to go. Use the language box and phrases from Ex. 4 to recommend places to them. (See Answer Section) a ee Have you ever been to ..? What do you think of ..? How about ...? a Saas Positive ‘Negative + Its well worth |* Don’t bother! a visit. + wouldn't bother, + Iesamust! [+ Id give ita miss if | were you, + Don't miss it! |+ Its a waste of time. ee ‘A: What do you think of Beihai Park? B: Its-a great place to relax. It’s well worth a visit.(6 RINE Read the text below and complete gaps I-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in capitals. Then translate the text into Russian, Richard Dunlop first 1) provided guided tours for Oxford's tourists twenty years ago, but now he 2)has abandoned his walking tours for a new high-tech approach. “| began leaving my telephone number at important sites around Oxford,” he explains. “The idea is that if tourists want to know about a place, they can just call me and 1 3) will tell them all about it Richard's scheme 4) ran into trouble at first when there were a few complaints about his advertising. "People weren't sure what | 5)was offering and | got some very strange calls,” he explains. However, these days this telephone tourist guide 6) has taken on extra staff to cope with demand. “For only €2,50 per minute they'll tell you anything you want to hear,” he says. “The museums might have their own interactive displays, but | really 7) don't think you ‘can replace the personal touch.” © Prepositions ‘7. Fill in the correct prepositions. Check your answers in Appendix I!. Choose any five of them and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) 1 I'm afraid | can’t account for the mistake; | have no idea what happened. 2. My family is very important to me because they love me and help me. NOT THINK One ® ‘The minister said he was optimistic about the future of the economy. This information is secret; itis not available to the general public This soil is very rich in nutrients so plants grow well here. All his money is invested in shares, so he never has enough cash to buy things. Since her illness, she has found it difficult to cope with the demands of her job. You look tired; | think you would benefit from a good holiday. They moved to Edinburgh so that their son would have the benefit of a Scottish education | have always been interested in Scandinavian mythology. Mary just stared at him open-mouthed when he told her the news. We stared in amazement when she showed us the tickets. The exam consists of a number of questions and a composition. ‘We couldn't find a seat because the train was so packed with people. © Key word transformations ‘Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. They were so late that it wasn't worth going out. point They were so late that there was no point in going out. “You mustn't be late,” Joss told me. asked Joss asked me not to be late. | expect you were pleased with the results. been You must have been pleased with the results. The use of mobile phones is not permitted in the library. allowed You are not allowed to use mobile phones in the library. Not so many cars use this road nowadays. traffic There is not much traffic on this road nowadays. You ought to see to it immediately. better You had better see to it immediately ‘They didn’t let me go out. made They made me stay in. If they had got there a minute later, they would have missed the train just They got there just in time to catch the train, mooute 3 | 79zt G 80] mooute s © Stating opinions In one minute, think of as many types of holidays as possible. ‘Compare your list to your partner's. camping, backpacking, sightseeing, tour, cruise, eco-tourism, beach, sailing Look at the pictures. Which type of holiday do you think is the most: Aa») © ® ©) + exciting + educational. + ixurious ecb Bo) 0) + expensive + adventurous (AD) (ACD) (AD) ay «romantic * active fi) * boring + economical On Liseen to four dierent speakers talking about their favourite type of holiday and complete the sentences. To my mind, a beach holiday is the best. 3. As far as I'm concerned, a city break is because it is very relaxing, educational because | can learn a lot about Ifyou ask me, backpacking holidays give you the history of a place. the freedom to travel easily and cheaply. 4 In my view, camping holidays are the best because it's great to be close to nature, Which is your favourite type of holiday? Use the phrases in the table to express your opinion. (See Answer Section) ‘Stating opinions Giving reasons/examples *+ Personally, | thinkibelieve | + To my mind, + because... [+ for example .. + In my opinion/view, + As faras i'm concerned, |* suchas... |* since... + IFyou ask me, + Itseems to me that Listening Task RNE Or You will hear six different speakers talking about their favourite type of holiday. Match the speakers (1-6) to sentences A-G. Use each sentences only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. 9 holiday in style. | lke to go on holiday in styl Speaker | | enjoy new experiences. | like to see ancient monuments. Speaker 2 4 go t0 foreign countries for the hot seater 3 weather. For me, going abroad is all about trying Speaker 4 new dishes. Ike knowing about the things | will see, Speaker S FREES | go overseas to learnabout other cultures. speaker 6® Stating opinions Camping holidays are becoming more and more popular. Why do you think thi Think about: 6 + cost + flexibility + exploring unspoilt countryside * enjoying nature + developing skills (Gee Answer Section) 7 1s You wit hear someone talking about camping holidays. Which of the following are mentioned? © Local restaurants, pubs and shops are nearby. 2 You can hire a boat and go out on the lake @® You can go fishing in the lake. @ The campsite has a children’s play area. 5 Campers can use the TV room in bad weather: @© There are indoor leisure facilities such as table tennis @ There are free hot showers in individual shower rooms. ® The launderette is fully equipped with washers, dryers and ironing facilites. There is a café serving food and drinks on site. ° ‘You can buy most things in the campsite shop. RNE OO ‘You'll hear a conversation between two friends. For statements I-7, decide if each statement is True, False or Not stated. 8 1 Danny isnot looking forward to his holiday this year A Tue © Fase © Not stated 2 2. Danny believes that he shouldn't have to look after his brother. 3 A True ® False C Not stated 3 Danny was able to ply football last year. 4 B True B Fase © Notstated 4. Sarah was unprepared for bad weather when she went camping. DB Tre B Faso © Not stated A 5. Danny takes his best clothes with him on holiday. A True B False © Not stated Sarah doesn't help her mother with the housework. ® Tre B Fale © Not stated 7 Danny wants to keep up-to-date with all the news. A Toe B False © Not stated onic Listening Skills Listening Task RINE «4 > You hear an interview with a travel writer. For statements 1-7, decide each statement is True, False or Not stated. Study Skills False or Not stated Be very careful when choosing between False and Not stated. False means not true according to something definitely said in the recording. Not stated means that it was not mentioned in the recording or we cannot be sure if itis true or false, Jamie does not write about ordinary holidays. B® Te B Fase © Notstated ‘A French artist built the first ice hotel in 1990. A True ® Fake © Not stated Guests cannot stay in the ice hotel in the spring A Tue B False © Not stated The size ofthe ice hotel changes every year. A Tue B False © Not stated Jamie stayed in the ice hotel for one night. A Tue B False © Not stared The hotel advises visitors to wear suitable clothing @ Te B False Not stated Children are not allowed at the ice hotel A True B false © Not stated mooute 3 | 81om 82 ¢€ Speaking Similarities/Differences Sk SK kills Read the statements and choose the correct word/phrase in each. 1 You can visit different places on both/also a road trip and a cruise, 2 You travel overland on a road trip whereas/however on a cruise you travel by sea. 3 Both/Neither types of holidays are suitable for families. Young people would like to go on a road trip rather than/as well as a cruise. A cruise is very luxurious and expensive, while/however a road trip is not. Entertainment is provided on a cruise butitoo you have to find your own on a road trip. ) Complete the table with the words in bold from Ex. ‘Comparing Expressing similar ideas Expressing contrastin both, also, as well as, too whereas, however, neither, rather than, while, but 3 (0 Listen eo someone comparing a road trip to a cruise and explaining why he Po Ancientsies | Modern resort relaxation feeling of luxury see new places meet new people prefers one to the other. What reasons does he give? The speaker prefers a cruise because he would see a broader selection of sights on a cruise, he loves the sea, there are lots of activities, it is very luxurious, and entertainment is provided. Speaking Task a) Look at pictures A and B. Compare the places in the two pictures and say why tourists might want to go to places like these. Use ideas from the box below. (See Answer Section) Why might tourists want to go to places like these? RC curiosity . better understanding of ancient cultures | + admire their beauty . interest in history and architecture | + * A good reason + Another reason would be .. + On the other hand, it could ... ») (Os Listen toa model monologue- What reasons does the speaker sve fr thei answers? MODULE 3 (See Answer Section)onic Speaking Skills @ Giving reasons (Ov Listen 10 three different speakers explaining why young people prefer 5 different types of holidays to those which older people choose. Whose answer is: too short? irrelevant? successfull Why? Discuss it in pairs. (See Answer Section) Speaker | successful Speaker 2 too short Speaker 3 irrelevant 6 (Os Listen again to Speaker 1. Which word(s) does he use to: 1 express his opinion? — @ as far as 'mconcerned I think that 2 give his reason? @ because b aswell 3 give an example? a as well ® suchas 4 give another reason? a. besides ® apart from that J Read the following answer to the question in Ex. 5 and make it longer. Use appropriate words to express opinions and give reasons or examples. (See Answer Section) | think young people like to have fun. They like to be adventurous. They don't care as much about museums and famous buildings as older people do. Speaking Task {3 a) The Smiths, who are on a rather tight budget, are trying to decide where to spend their summer holiday. Both parents work as teachers and they have two children - Anna, aged 16, and Bob, aged 14 = who both really like being close to nature. In pairs, decide which is the best destination for a two-week holiday for the Smiths. (See Answer Section) do watersports luxurious! quite cheaplexpensive comfortable plenty of facilities accommodation (pool, gym, restaurant, * economical jacuzzi, tennis court) * peaceful & quiet isolated + relaxinglexciting not much to do b) 6s Leen toa pair doing the task.What do they decide on? What reasons do they give for their choice? (See Answer Section) What are the benefits of travelling? Discuss it in pairs. (See Answer Section) eee see new places + taste local dishes * One of the good things about traveling is... learn about other cultures + enjoy new + If you travel, then you can ... + One of the benefits of travelling is . experience different experiences lifestyles mooute 3 | 83 |Writing: Letters/emails inviting/ — accepting - refusing invitations Letters/Emails inviting/accepting - refusing invitations usually consist of four paragraphs. They can be formal ‘r informal, depending on the situation and who we are writing to. They also often contain some kind of additional information such asa description ofthe event/trilete (c.g. a party, a weekend away, a request for help, directions to a place/meeting pointetc). Accepting/refusing an invitation may form only part of a task, In tis case, deal with each part ofthe task in separate paragraphs. The paragraph plans foreach type of letter/email differ, as shown below. | Read the extracts. Which are beginnings and which are endings? Which type of letter is each from? ‘opening remarks, reason for writing (to invite) Paras 2&3 description offdetails about the event/trip etc (day/place/time, food, music, decorations, meeting arrangements etc) Para.4 closing remarks (express hope that hhelshe can come, ask person to let you know if he/she can come etc) 1 How are you? Thanks so much for the invitation to your dinner party on the 16th, but I'm afraid I can't make it. refusing an invitation _beginning at are you doing next Friday evening? I'm planning a DVD evening and it would be great if you could come! an invitation beginning the weekend away. Let me know as soon as you can. an invitation ending TRE on the trip. See Accepting | Para. opening remarks, thank for invitation you next Sunday. | can’t wait! | Paras 2 & 3. accept invitation, make any other accepting an invitation _ending comments about the event/trip/etc (Cffer your help, ask questions etc) |] 2. Read the email. What type of email is it! Which paragraph (1-4): an invitation Para.4 ‘losing remarks (thank again, ‘express excitement etc) + asks the person to let the writer know if she can come? 4 Refusing + asks for the person's help? 3 Para. ‘opening remarks, thank for invitation + gives details about the food and music? 2 Paras 2 & 3. refuse invitation, giving reasons, make + gives the day/place & invites the person? | any other comments (suggest a ‘Meeting soon, give latest news etc) Dear Jane closing remarks (thank again, B> Hil How are you? I'm planning a surprise party apologise etc) for my sister Annie's sixteenth bithday nex Saturday at cour house. I'd really love it if you could come! | > I'm really excited about the parry. I'm thinking of i hoving Mexican food, which is Annie’ favourite, and + What are you doing .2/ + Can you make it/ Would Ie decided fo ity moliig her a Bihdoy Gale; toa: Are you busyifree on ..!'_ you lke to come? My brother has offered to organise the Tm =| think + I'm having/planning..._ + I'd love it if you could he'll be quite a good Dj! + Do you think you can come. really like you B> I've oleady asked Annie's bes! friend to take her come? 0 come. out in the afternoon. When she brings her back home ‘Accepting Refusing at about half post seven, all the guests will be there = Thanks (so much) for |» The/Your .. sounds waiting to surprise her! It would be great if you could inviting me to/the lovely/excitng/etc but. come round to our house a bit earlier to help me put invitation to . + Unforcunately, | can't up the decorations + I'd (really) love to make it/I won't be able > | really hope you can make it! Let me know as come to... to come. soon as you can. If you like, you can stay at our house + It would be lovely to |+ I'm so sorry, but ... ‘overnight. come to .... wouldn't love, miss it for the world! Emily. 84] mooute 3 sueree \Writing: letters/emuils inviting/accepting - refusing invitations 4 Read the reply and put the paragraphs in the correct order (1-4). Does it accept or refuse the invitation? What information is included in each paragraph? Dear Emily, Well, thanks again for the invitation. | can’t wait to see Annie's face when she sees everyone! (J twas great to hear from you! ''m fine, thanks, but quite busy. Your ~~ sister's surprise party sounds really exciting, Thanks for invting me! [3] 1 can defintely come early to help you with the decorations, How about fve o'lock? Ive got some lovely candles that would lok great atthe party, $01 bring those, Also, 'é lve to stay overnight at your house. It will be fun! | [2] oF course 1d love to come. | wouldn't miss it for the world i's a great idea to have Mexican food ~ that's my favourite, too. Would your brother ike me to bring any of my CDs? Ive got some fantastic ones! Love, Jane Which phrases are used to invite, accept, thank, in the emails in Exs. 2 & 3? Suggest alternatives. (Gee Answer Section) RINE Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions. (See Answer Section) “You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Henry, who writes: «Have you got any plans for the summer yet? How about coming to visit me the first week in August? We could go camping with my parents in @ beautiful national park near our home or just stay in the city ‘and see the sights. What do you think? As for my latest news, | went to a brilliant music festival last week Write a letter to Henry. In your letter: + answer his questions + ask 3 questions about the music festival he went to Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. | Who are you and who are you writing to? 2. Which of the following information must you include? + what your plans for the summer are + what kind of music you like * whether you can visit your friend in August * whether you would like to go camping or stay in the city * 3 questions about a festival your friend visited onic 6 Read the letter and fillin the gaps (I~ with the phrases in the list. Compare answers with your partner. What information is included in each paragraph? (See Answer Section) + Thanks again *1'd really love to + really don't mind + It’s great that +1'm really looking forward to + I can't wait + Thanks for your letter * Write and tell me Dear Henry, Hi! 1) Thanks for your letter and for the invitation to ‘come and stay with you, 2) Lcan’t wait for the summer holidays! I'm planning to go out with my friends a lot and relax in the garden with some good books, 3) I'd really love to come and visit you the first week in August! It would be great to go camping, but it would also be fun to see the sights in your city. 4) I really don’t mind which we do! 5) It’s great that you enjoyed the music festival. Who did you go with? Were there any famous bands there? What ‘different kinds of music were there? 6) Write and tell ‘me all about it! Well, that’s all for now. 7) Thanks again for inviting me to come and stay. 8) I'm really looking forward to it! Best wishes, Alex ———— 7 RINE Read the rubrics, answer the questions, then do the tasks. (Gee Answer Section) A You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Jenny, who writes: Tm thinking of organising 0 trip for al my frends to the new wif sofar park ‘Wid Things for my birthday ‘on Saturday 6th March, Do you know anything about “what i ke and what you can do there? Do you think | it would be @ suitable place to go for my birthday? ‘Whatever | decide to do, do you think you can come? — les the town carival next week . Write a letter to Jenny. In your letter: + answer her questions + ask 3 questions about the town carnival ‘Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing B You are going to spend the weekend at your grandma's cottage in the countryside. Write an ‘email to your friend inviting him/her to join you. Write 100-140 words. ‘What do you have to write? What style will you write in? 3 What will you include in each paragraph? x mooue s | 85onic Writing: Narrative/Descriptive letters/ emails ‘A letteremail can use descriptive and/or narrative techniques. For example, we may need to write to a hotel manager asking him to check if a piece of luggage which was left at the hotel has been found. This means that we have to write in a formal style and provide a complete description of the item we are looking for, applying descriptive techniques. Or we may want to write to a» friend of ours describing a nasty experience we had. ‘This means that we have to write in an informal style, applying narrative techniques (what happened, when, ‘where, how it happened, what happened afterwards etc) Ser eres greeting > Paragraph 1: reason(s) for writing D> Paragraphs 2,3: > description of the event/person/object Paragraph 4: » closing remarks | Read the following letter and put the paragraphs into the right order. Then say what each paragraph is about. Find ‘elements of narrativeldescriptive techniques. (Gee Answer Section) Dear Lucy, description of activities [3] In the evenings, we went out to eat in local restaurants, trying all sorts of delicious local dishes. | think | have put on some weight! reason for writing [4 Thank you for your letter and the lovely photographs of your new house. It looks beautiful. 'm writing o tell you what a great time we had during our holiday in the Virgin Islands. It wes such a pretty place, I'm sure you'd have loved it. closing remarks (21 te brought back a litle souvenir for you which Il bring with me when we come and visit you next month. |'m really looking forward to seeing you then, [2] Our hotel was fantastic. We decided to book a ach and we were lucky, because ‘our room had a huge'kglcony with a gorgeous view of the sea. We spent all da)'sQ the beach sunbathing and enjoying the good weather.» description of hotel ast Wichos and activities Mary 86| wooute s Read the extracts. Which contains narrativeldescriptive techniques? ‘a. end my parents gave me on expensive black leather trovel bog for my tip. W's realy smort, wih sturdy metal zips ond lots of useful pockets ond compartments, 30 | on “— eseriptivetachniques b ... We waited in the queue for over an hour, and then ‘when we got to the gate | couldn't find our tickets. After ''d emptied out my handbag to check it wasn't there, John remembered I'd given the tickets to him before ‘we left the house. He'd had them in his back pocket all the time! Anyway, they let usin and — narrative techniques © Letter/Email including narrative/ descriptive techniques 4 Read the rubrics (I-4) and answer these questions for each task. (See Answer Section) Who are you? Who is going to read your letter? What style should it be in? What information should you include? ‘What techniques can you use: descriptive, narrative or both? Give examples.1 Last summer you worked at a local tourist attraction.You enjoyed the experience and want to tell your English pen friend about it. Write an email to your pen friend, describing the work you did at the tourist attraction and explaining why you enjoyed it (120-180 words). Informal descriptive email 2. You have just returned from a summer sports ‘camp where unfortunately you left behind a favourite item of clothing. Write a letter to the ‘camp director, explaining what the item is, what it looks like and where you think you might have left it, Ask her if she can send the item to you if she finds it (120-180 words). Formal descriptive letter 3. You have received a letter from your Englsh- speaking pen friend Max, who writes: = tm thinking of going on a student exchange Drogramme that my school is organising this summer and | know youve done something simiar. What was your host ferily like? What activites did you do? What did you enjoy most about the whole experience? {Im hebing to organise our class end.ofterm schoo! trp ot the moment. Write a letter to Max. In your letter: + answer his questions + ask 3 questions about the one-day school trip Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. Informal letter giving information 4 You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Julie, who writes: |. What's your new flat te? Do you lke the | “neighbourhood? Have you met any of your new | neighbours yet? | went on camping trip last weekend and it was awful Write a letter to Julie. n your letter: + answer her questions ‘+ ask 3 questions about the camping trip, Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of leteer writing. Informal letter answering and asking questions © Proofreading a letter/email Read the model. Which task from Ex. 3 does it answer? 4 Writing: Letters/emails @® Dear Julie, Hil How are you? I'm writing to tell you all about my new home. really love my new flat! It’s quite small but it’s really cosy with a lovely warm fireplace. Also, it’s on the seventh floor, soit has a really fantastic view of the city, especially at night when all the lights are twinkling! I'm meeting some of the neighbers and they seem really friendly. I've even made friends with the girl which lives next door. She’s really friendly and exactly my age! ‘Why was your camping trip awful? Who did you go with? Was the whether bad? I've just won a writing competition at school Well, I must go now. I look forward to your reply. Love, Samantha ——_ 5, Read the model again and proofread it carefully to find the mistakes listed below. Rewrite the letter correctly, then compare answers with your partner. (Gee Answer Section) ‘one missing piece of information ‘wo spelling mistakes ‘wo grammar mistakes an opening or closing remark in the wrong style a sentence which doesn't match the paragraph topic 6 2 word used too many times wawne 6 Now choose two of the other rubrics and write your answers in the appropriate style(s).When you finish your piece of writing, proofread your letter/email by checking it against the following questions. (Gee Answer Section) CHECKLIST FOR WRITING LeTTERS/EMAILS Cece Have you included all the necessary information? Does your letter/email flow? ‘Are your paragraphs clear and in a logical order? ‘Are your opening/closing remarks appropriate for the intended reader? ‘Are there any unnecessary sentences you need to take out? ere 1s your style consistent throughout your letter/ email? Have you overused any words? If so, try to replace them with synonyms. ‘Are there any spelling or grammar mistakes? mooute 3 | 87Writing: Film and Book Reviews © A review isa brief description of a book, film, play, album, ete. A review gives the main points of the plot including the reviewer's comments/recommendatior ‘© When writing a review, consider the tenses you should use for each paragraph. When describing the plot, the present tense should be used. Paragraphs should include more than one sentence. When a new topic is introduced, begin a new paragraph. Your recommendation or judgement should be included in the conclusion. Always give good reasons to support your commentsopinions, © The style of a review can be formal or informal depending on the intended reader. Reviews can be part ofa letter or email Useful language Background: The film is set .; It tells the story offis about ..j The film is directed/produced by ..: It is based on a book by .. ; The film isa comedy/thriller/adventure film/romantic comedy/ete Plot: The film is about/begins/concerns ...; The film’s plot is fast- pacedislow moving; The plot has an unexpected twistiending; The film reaches a dramatic climax General comments & opinion: It isa rather long’slow/boring film; It is ‘beautifully/poorly filmed/action-packedfull of special effects, etc; [found the cast excellentweak/awful/unconvincing: The script ‘unconvincing/dull/excting/etc; It has a tragic'surprising/dramatic end clever! jooks Background: This well written informative/fascinating book ..; It tells the story offis about ..; The book/novel was written by ..; The work is based on ... (the true story offthe life of etc) Plot: The book/story begins/concernsis about ..; The storyline/plot has an unexpected twistiending: The plot/storyline is (absolutely) thriling/(rather) boring; The plot/storyline is fast-paced/slow moving General comments & opinion: It’s a real page-turner; It's hard to put down; I thought it was rather confusing/long in parts; The characters are well developed; There are some excellent/beautiful descriptions of 5 It is beautifully/poorly’badly written; The first chapter is slow moving/dulliexciting/ete; I found the ending disappointing/thrilling) dullicleveriete ‘Recommending a book/film I would (definitely)wouldn’t recommend that you see this film/read this book, because ... This filmbook is well worth secing/reading (because...); If T were you, I'd (definitely) watch this filmiread this book; Don't miss this fim/You must read this book — it wll change the ‘way you see 88| mooue 3 a) Read the rubric, underline the key words and answer the questions. (See Answer Section) You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend ‘Amanda, who writes: Have you rented a_good_fim recently? What was it about and why did you think it was good? Would you recommend it for my DVD evening next Friday? As for my other news, we've got an exchange student staying with us at the moment .. | Write a letter to Amanda. In your letter: * answer her questions + ask 3 questions about the exchange studentevisit Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing. What do you have to write? Who is going to read it? Which of the following should you include? + recommendation & reason + the main points of the plot + background information about the film (name, type of film etc) *+ what other films you've seen recently *+ good features of the film (plot, special effects, acting etc) + questions about an exchange student's visie Which tenses should you use? b) Read the model and match the paragraphs to the topics (a-d). Does the writer \clude all the information asked for in the rubric? (See Answer Section) closing comments ‘opening remarks/background info about film questions about exchange student’ visit review of film (main points of plov general comments about film/ recommendation & reason(s))Hi, Amanda! [bj tt was great to hear from you! Actually, I've seen a really good film recently ~ Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End. It's « brilliant action-packed adventure film! [4]E]] tn the film, Will, Elizabeth and Barbosa are on a quest to rescue Captain Jack Sparrow {played by Johnny Depp) and release the sea goddess Calypso to destroy the ship The Flying Dutchman. The plot is thriling with lois of twists ‘and turns and the special effects are excellent. | think the actors, including Keira Knightley, Orlando Bloom and of course Depp, give fantastic performances, too. | would definitely recommend this film for your DVD evening as | think its a film that most young people would enjoy. [EJ How long is the exchange student staying with you for? Do you get on well with her? Has she been going to school with you? [2TEM Anyway, | hope you enjoy your DVD ‘evening and the rest of the exchange student's stay. Write back soon! love, Diana ) How does the writer recommend the film? 2) Match the sets of adjectives (1-7) to the “nouns (a-g), then suggest more words to add to each category. Use the collocations to make sentences. _(See Answer Section) [1] blockbusterthorror/ a plot animated/science fiction 2] surprising/satisfying! b characters dlisappointinglunexpected b]3] wel-developedievil! < fee incerestinglikeable/dul worldwide/box office! a wernightIrunaway cores ‘ e theme(s) mystery/fancasy! historicalibest-slling f success [6] gripping/fast-paced! predeot le g beginning/ [7] unusual/fascinating! common/main ending ong Writing: Film snd Book Reviews Underline the correct word/phrase. A. Films The film Apocalypto had a cast/script of hundreds. The Queen is an outstanding film based oniset in the life of Elizabeth Il Most of the film was rather boring, but it did have an interesting twist/script at the end. Chicago is one of the best films I've seen in a long time. Its sure to be a hitiflop. Nicole Kidman tells the story/plays the part of Virginia Woolf in the film The Hours. Daniel Radclfe plays the main character/actor in the Horry Potter films. The story had such a dull/tragic end that | left the cinema in tears. B. Books This is the author's/creator’s third novel. The first episode/chapter of the book is rather slow-moving Touching the Void tells the true/real story of two climbers’ disastrous attempt to climb Sivla Grande. This is one of the best books I've ever read. It's bound to become a best-seller/high-seller. The peoplelcharacters in the novel are very well developed. | found the book so exciting that I couldn't put it awayidown. The novel is set in/based on Victorian times. RINE Read the rubric, answer the questions, then write your letter. (Gee Answer Section) You have received a letter from your English speaking pen friend Matthew, who writes: _ im going on a coach trip to the coast in two weeks and Ii like to take a good book with me to read on the journey. Can you recommend one? | What's it about? What did you like about i? [As for my other news, ve decided to take a year cout next year before going to university . | Write a letter to Matthew. In your letter: + answer his questions + ask 3 questions about his year out Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writ What do you have to write? ‘Who is the target reader? What style is appropriate? ‘What will you include in each paragraph? mopute 3 | 89mig &) Across Cultures | Look at the pictures of buildings, which are all World Heritage Sites. Which country is each in? What do you know about these buildings? Why are they considered important? Read through to find out. Match the texts (A-D) to the pictures (1-4). 2) Fillin the gaps in the texts with "the appropriate word. Check answers with your partner. OP» Listen a you read the texts again, then answer the questions. (See Answer Section) 1 Which city lost its prominence as a result of foreign occupation? 2 Where can you find a monument built by a devoted husband? 3) Why Js it surprising that Bath has many fine Georgian buildings? 4. Where would you go to see examples of the best wall paintings? 5 Besides its history and architecture, what is Agra noted for? 6 Why did Bath become a popular place to visit in the 18th century? J. Match the words in bold in the texts to these meanings. (See Answer Section) * stylish + set up * previous * widespread * tomb + proportion ‘famous * wealth + suburbs + outer surfaces 5 Say two things about each place/building in the pictures. (Ss’ own answers) ICT In pairs, research a World Heritage Site building. Find out about its history and importance as a historic building today. Report your findings to opinion as you? the rest of the class. You can visit this (See Answer Section) website: http://whe.unesco.org/enllist (See Answer Section) 6 BET wrnich place would you like £0 visit? Why? Who else in the class shares the same 90 MODULE 3‘Agra is a medieval city 1) on the banks of the river Yamuna and is famous for having once 2) been the capital of the Mughal ‘empire. It has three World Heritage Sites from the Mughal era.The most important of these is the Taj Mahal, which is 3) not only a World Heritage Site but is 4) also one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The ‘Taj Mahal is a masterpiece of symmetry and when viewed 5) from a distance ‘appears to float in the air. It was originally built as a mausoleum for the favourite wife of one of the Mughal emperors. The other major sites of interest 6) are the red sandstone Agra Fort, and the Fatehpur Sikri, a city built on the outskirts of Agra in the form of a Mughal military camp. Agra also has a long tradition 7) asa centre of learning and literature. Established at the beginning of the 11th century, the historical centre of this city is a World Heritage Site In the 17th century it 1) was Russia's second largest city, and during the Polish occupation of Moscow it acted 2) as the country’s capital. Yaroslavl has many Orthodox shrines and monasteries located along the banks 3) of the Volga River. The oldest building in Yaroslavl isthe ‘Transfiguration of the Saviour Monastery, parts of which date 4) back to the 12th century. Yaroslavl is renowned for 5) its 17th- century churches built of red brick with bright tiled exteriors, and for having some of the 6) most impressive frescoes of the Golden Ring churches. Yaroslavl can also lay claim to having the oldest theatre in Russia. The Volkov Theatre was the first professional public theatre in the country and is still 7) in use to this day. Vii ladimir, although traditionally accepted as having been established as a city in the early 12th century, has been inhabited 1) for approximately 25,000 years. It was one of the medieval capitals of Russia and three of its buildings are World Heritage Sites. 2) From the middle of the 12th to the early 13th century, Vladimir enjoyed immense growth and prosperity, 3) which lasted until the Mongol invasion of Russia Afier the Mongols, Vladimir 4) never fully regained its former importance and went 5) into decline.Today, the city is a significant tourist. centre with many remarkable examples 6) of pre-Mongol Russian architecture. The World Heritage buildings in the city 7) include the magnificent five- domed Assumption Cathedral, the Cathedral of St Demetrius and the splendid Golden Gate. Pee arent ‘The city of Bath, a World Heritage Site, was originally founded 1) by the Romans, who built baths and a temple around the natural hot springs that occur in this part of the Avon valley, But it was in the 18th century 2) that Bath became one of the most fashionable places in England, as the aristocracy and the wealthy gathered there to enjoy the health benefits of the hot springs and the many theatres and 3) other places of entertainment. The best preserved Roman site in the city is the Roman Baths complex, 4) which features the Sacred Spring, the Roman Temple and the Roman Bath House. Despite the extensive damage the city sustained from bombing in World War II, 5) Bath also has many fine examples of Georgian architecture in the Palladian revival style. 6) One of the finest examples is The Circus, which is believed to have 7) been inspired by the Colosseum in Rome. mooute 3 | 91Literature Look at the picture. What kind of place do you think this is? Read the biography below to find out. (See Answer Section) James Hilton (1900-1954), was an English novelist who was born in England but spent his later life working in America. He wrote several best-selling novels including Goodbye Mr Chips (1934) and Lost Horizon (1933). Some of his novels have been made into famous films. Hugh Conway, the hero of Lost Horizon, gets stranded with three other people when their plane crash lands. They are led to a beautiful monastery, Shangri-La, where they find peace and happiness ) Read the first paragraph. Where are the © characters? How do you think they feel about being there? Read and check. (See Answer Section) 2 RINE Read the text again. For statements 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each statement correctly. 1 The atmosphere at the monastery made Conway @® not notice how his friends were acting B feel bored and tired. stop caring about how he got there. D feel uneasy about being there, 2 Conway didn't notice many details about the inside of the monastery, because A he was thinking more about having a bath. B he was distracted by the view outside. © the host quickly took them somewhere else. D the Chinese man wanted them to stay outside. 3 In Barnard's opinion, the monastery A was the perfect place to relax. B was better than he expected. © had good and bad points. D had everything he could want. 92| mooute s HORIZON 4 Mallinson was ‘A. happy to stay at the monastery for a few days. B rude to the Chinese host. ‘C worried that he would have to stay at the monastery, © eager to organise how they would leave 5. Conway was content that evening because A he and Chang were no longer arguing B he didn't have to think about anything, the bath facilities were very civilised. (D) he was pleased with what he had found at the monastery. 6 What surprised Conway about the monastery was that it ‘A had bath tubs and central heating, B was traditionally furnished. © had elements of two cultures. D was comfortable and the people were friendly.conway never exactly remembered how he and the others arrived at the monastery, or how they were greeted and led into the | C grounds, The thin air was dream-like and | matched the light blue of the sky. With every breath | that_made him unaware of Mallinson’s. uneasiness, Bamard's witty comments, and Miss Brinklow, who looked like a lady well prepared for the worst. He just about remembered being surprised at finding the inside of the monestery spacious, well warmed, and quite clean. There was no time to do more than notice these qualities, for the Chinese had left his hooded chair and £2) was already leading the way through different rooms, He was quite pleasant now. “I must apologise,” he said, “for leaving you to yourselves on the way, but the truth is, journeys of that kind don't suit me, and | have to take care of myself. | hope you were not too tired?” “We managed,” replied Conway with a tight smile. “Excellent. And now, if you will come with me, | wil show you to your tooms. No doubt you would like baths. Our accommodation is simple, but comfortable, hope.” At this point Bamard, who was still affected by shortness of breath, chuckled. “Well,” he gasped, “I can't say ike your climate yet — the air seems to stick, (on my chest a bit — but you've certainly got a fine view ‘out of your front windows. Do we all have to line up for, the bathroom, or is this an American hotel?” “1 think you will find everything quite satisfactory, Mr Bamard.” | Miss Brinklow nodded. "I should hope so, indeed.” ‘And afterwards,” continued the Chinese, “I should be 7 Asa result of Conway's time in China, he ‘A knew the monastery was not from the Eastern world B preferred to be in the monastery rather than in a big city. © did not find the food at the monastery strange. D did not really feel at home at the monastery. Use a dictionary to explain the words in bold. (See Answer Section) 5 Fil ine ight, feeling, thin, native, view, connien's. Make sentences based on the text using the phrases. (See Answer Section) 1 thin air 4 fine view 2. witty comments 4 pleasant feeling 3 tight smile 6 native servant and every glance, he took in a deep relaxing feeling D greatly honoured if you will all join me at dinner.” Conway replied politely. Only Mallinson had given no sign of his atttude in the face of these kind offers. Like Barnard, ne had been suffering from breathing problems, but now, with an effort, he found breath to ‘exclaim: “And afterwards, also, if you don't mind, we'll make our plans for getting away. The sooner the better so far as I'm concerned.” So you see.” Chang was saying, ‘we are less barbarian than you expected.” Conway, later that evening, was not willing to argue. He was enjoying that pleasant feeling of his body being relaxed but his mind being awake, which seemed to him, of all feelings, the most truly civilised. So far, Shangri-La had been all that he could have wished, certainly more than he Could ever have expected. It was not so strange for a Tibetan monastery to have a system of central heating, but that it should combine £6) the baths and cleaning facilites from the Westem part ‘of the world with tradition from the Eastern world struck him as amazing and rare. The bath, for instance, in which he had recently bathed, had been of a light «green pottery trom America. Yet the native servant had washed him in a Chinese way of cleaning his ears and nostrils and under his lower eyelids. He had wondered at the time if and how — his three companions were receiving similar treatment. Conway had lived for nearly ten years in China, not wholly in the bigger cities; and he counted it, all things considered, the happiest part of his life. He liked the Chinese, and felt at home with Chinese ways. He really liked Chinese cooking, with its subtle undertones of taste; and his first_meal_at Shangri-La had been D fami (OW Listen as you read the extract again. How does Conway feel about the monastery when he first arrives? How does he feel about it at the end of the extract? Discuss with your partner. Give reasons. ‘Translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian. (See Answer Section) 6 Imagine you are one of the characters in the extract. Write a letter to a friend, describing your first night at Shangri-La. Include: (See Answer Section) ‘+ who you meet + what you do + what you think about the people and the place mooute s | 93: . ico tour Sit The Future of Holidays What is Eco-tourism? ‘ourism brings income and employment, but tourists 1)... the environment and need services and accommodation, food, transport and waste disposal, which can 2)... the qualities of an area that attracted tourists in the first 3)........ Activities such as driving and water sports can 4)...... problems, especially when too many people decide to do the same thing in the same place. Eco- tourism is about enjoying your holiday destination without 8)... i The demand for eco-tourism is 6)... and there are now many holiday companies that work with local people to 7)... their environment. As an eco-tourist, you can help by booking your holiday with a responsible company and 8)........ respect for local ‘customs when you arrive, 9)... 07 paths when you're exploring the area and avoid 10)... too close to the local wildlife. Places that 11). money for locals have a better 12)... of being protected, $0 remember to visit local restaurants and markets during your holiday. In this way, you can 19)... new places and learn about different cultures while helping to protect the world's disappearing ecosystems. 1 A upset — ®) distur © ann 7 e my bo Describe the pictures, What 2 @adestioy —B crash © break => ase pela rece 3A post B spot © place D point pr ‘Why? 4 @ cause B produce C result D fetch Rye aoa eee 5 A injuring — spoiling C hurting D wounding y rete wel choad jour 8 A developing @) increasing extending D expanding eae Backinar saci H aon ® protect C prevent ~—D_ stop Proving B presenting © showing D dig playin a Retr eee 9 @ Stay B Keep ¢ Follow D Take i Foc enmsithe tat oe M fe 4 Feaching —B approaching © getting D mixing F choote A.B, get B give © offer cS Di Sarees ae 12 A likelinood @ chance © luck i poset 13 A invent B_ uncover © discover D travel iu Tell your partner three things you remember from the text. (Gs' own answers) Read the extract. In pairs, decide how Kate could make her holiday eco-friendly. (See Answer Section) summer y ove going on holiday and every year my famiy and | stay on Gran Canara. We stay $2 Wy. in a lively resort with many restaurants, bars and night clubs. It is a very exciting % place, with plenty to do for the whole family during the day and night. t's really a A {ot ike being back at home in Englan. ‘We set off from Gatwick Airport in London. | lave fying. Mum and dad are always tired when we get to the island, but | head straight to the beach and try out all the water sport. | also love the waterpark, which is a 10-minute drva from our hotel. | also spend alt of time inthe many souvenir shops, buying gts for friends back home, In the evening, we usually take our hired car into town. We have dinner at a restaurant that specialises in American food favourtes, then we drive back to the beach and search forthe nearest place to watch a karaoke competion. MODULE 3 9410 Rene The country road was lined with trees. From the top of the tower there is a spectacular view of the countryside. | cant stand the hustie and bustle of big cities. According to research, lizards can adapt to ‘changes in their environment easily. les virtually impossible to be there by Friday. A thick hedge forms the boundary between the ‘two gardens. They set off in the early hours of the morning | don’t know how he can cope with allthis pressure. His car is so old that he calls it'my antique’! They decided to restore the old fireplace by themselves. He didn’t break his promise. He had everything ready by noon, People who commute daily usually buy a(n) season ticket to save money. There are a lot of trendy shops to visit. There are a lot of quaint old villages in England. An interesting feature of this old house is the underfloor heating system. (Poin: __ \1sx2 30} in the correct word. The actors were dressed in original costumes. The match was put off due to bad weather. I came across Sue at the fair She didn’t want to part with her collection, but she had to as there was no room. He adapted easily to the new environment. (Se) Choose the correct word. The restaurant was good, but pretty/rather too expensive for me. 1 was disappointed not to but still quite/rather pleased to come third. The place is quite/rather famous for its festival. They had a rather/quite good idea about what to do, le was pretty/quite a surprise to see her again. ( Poin: _\ (xa 15) Progress Check3 Fill in: sed t correct form. ould in the lam used to living in the countryside. I just love it. As a child, he used tolwould always spend his holidays with his grandparents. He didn’t like his new neighbourhood at first, but he is used to it now. ‘While on holiday, we often used to get up early and walk on the beach, He didn't use to drive to work before he bought a car ( Poines: | \sxa 0) Complete the sentences with a word derived from the word in capi The hostel was run by a nice friendly woman, FRIEND 2. The singer made a spectacular SPECTACLE appearance at the concert. 3 They managed to make the festival a memorable occasion. © MEMORY 4 There's a wide choice of dishes CHOOSE to sample. The warmth of the istanders will make your stay unique. ‘Complete the second sentence using the word in bold. Use two to five words. The use of dictionaries isnt permitted during the exam. allowed You are not allowed to use dictionaries during the exam. She didn't allow me to go out. made She made me stay in | expect he was satisfied with the service. been He must have been withthe service. You ought to pay the bill straight away better You had better pay the bill straight away. There were a lot of people in the room. packed The room was packed with people. (Poles: __) (0° 75) Mysore: _ Now I can... (Cam ) + talk about festivals & celebrations + talk & write about holiday experiences & travel + use the language of senses to describe a scene *+ ask about & recommend a place + write descriptive & narrative emails and letters + write a description of a place of interest in ‘my country in English mopute 3 | 9596 Module 3 00's 0 RNE Reading Match the headings (A-H) to extracts I-7.Use each heading only once.There is one extra heading you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. A Animals help B Plenty of school places © Schooling could be difficult D A tradition of sharing food ing out is one of life’s great pleasures. What could be nicer than going to @ fancy restaurant with family and friends? Nowadays, there are restaurants to suit every taste, rom Indian to Chinese to Thai, The huge voriely ensures that friends can easily find somewhere they all want to go for dinner with an exciting difference. E An educational option F A truly modern education G Loyal animals H_ Sharing a special meal @® To many people, living on a farm, far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, would be a dream come true. And in many ways it is. In rural areas, there is plenty of fresh air to breathe and one is never too far from the wonders of nature. On the other hand, schools and work places could be many miles away from where you live. (4 ® thas recently been proven that pet owners are happier and less anxious than those people who do rot have pets. The study has also shown that people with dogs, cats or other animals in their homes ‘may even lve longer. t seems that having an animal round has far more advantages than anyone had ever expected @The popularity of home-schooling is increasing in parts ofthe US and Canada. Years ago, children who lived in isolated rural areas had no choice but to study at home, taught by their parents or a tutor. Times have changed, however, and now there are also children living in cities who do not go to school, but receive their schooling from their parents or online. raise their young together. The lion, commonly called the King of the Jungle, is a beautiful animal. The male, with his huge mane of fur around his face, is indeed majestic. The female, although she has no mane, is also ‘wonderful in her own way. Lions tend to mate for life, and they ® In some societies, sharing food with others ‘goes hand in hand with friendship. Thanksgiving, a North American holiday, and the dinner which goes along with it, is a good example of this, This holiday originates from the first meal shared by the Native Americans and the white settlers, and has long been a celebration of peace and friendship. a ——— (@ Giy life is not for everyone. Of course, if you live in a big | modern city there are lots of | opportunities to get a job or | find a school for your | | ] children. On the other hand, there is a lot of crime in cities and, in addition, pollution from cars and factories is \__ steadily getting worse. MODULE 3Use of English - Part 1 Read the text and complete gaps I-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in capitals. OW ee Tal) Jake had been working for the same ‘company for over thirty years. One day, when he was a week away from retiring, his boss said, 1) laughing loudly, "You know youll never leave this place. You'll be working here long after we all leave.” ‘Then Jake's boss 2) left and went down the hall to his office, Jake's secretary looked at him and said, “You will really be missed. You 3) did some amazing things for this company,” “think 14) will make you a nice cup of tea. ''m sure that will cheer you up a bit” Jake thought to himself, “What a nice woman she is, always §) taking the time to make others feel better.” Jake looked at her and suddenly asked, "Ms Smith, 6) would (you) lke to come for dinner with me next Friday to colebrate my retirement?” Ms Smith then said to him that she 7) wasn't busy that night and that she would love to Jake smiled and thought that perhaps retirement might not be so bad after all Part 3 Module 3 | 00.) >) RNE Part 2 Read the text and complete gaps I-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. One of Canada’s Finest “Margaret Anwood was born on November 18, 1939 in the Canadian capital of Ottawa. She is one of three 1) children and her father vwas an entomologist, a person who studies insects, and her mother was a dietician. Because of her fathers work, Atwood spent most of her childhood in rural areas of Canada, As a resul, she did not receive any formal 2) education until she was eleven years old From an early age, Atwood loved books. She had no real 3) preference for any specific kind of book, but read everything from Fteranure to murder mysteries to comic books Heer life as an author began atthe age of six, and atten Atwood knew she wanted to be a 4 professional writer when she grew up. Atwood is well known as a poet,5) novelist, and critic, She has won numerous awards, ‘among them the famous Booker Prize and the Governor Generals Award, Much of Atwood’s 6) poetry is based on myths and fairy tales. Many of her short stories have appeared in publications such as Harpers and, CBC Antbology CHILD EDUCATE PREFER PROFESSION NOVEL Read the text. For gaps!-T, choose A, B, C or D to complete each gap correctly. Circle the answer your choose. To Stelle Modison, the date 25 May 2007 would stand 1) wu in her mind forever. People remember cortain dates for © voriey of reasons. Maybe it is because they were promoted, or hey got married, or even because they won a lot cof money. None of these things, however, was the 2)... wy Stel remembered her redler doy. ‘On 25 May 2007, Stella graduated from unversiy. Of couse, itis not 8)... for people fo complete univers For Silla, ‘hough, it was someting truly special becouse ncbody thought she would 4)....... do i. AS @ young student in primary school, Stella offen misbehaved in closs and she rarely got good marks on her exams, but she did much beter in secondary school Not oo long ater that Stella got mariad. She had two children cond the years just seemed fo 5)... by. Before Stella knew it she was olmos ffy ond hod three wonderful grandchilken, Her house was empty, though, and Stella was often sad ond clone. Boredom seemed to be her constant companion, ‘One moming Stella woke up and realised she could not face nother day with nothing to do but 6)... he dishes and mop the floors. She contacted the local colege and osked bout taking classes. The guidance counsellor helped Stella fil in all the opplcaton 7)... and she was accepted ata well known univers in the city. After three years and alot of very hord work, Stella had done it. On 25 May 2007, she received her degree. 1 Aof B by out u 2 reason B explanation € answer D cine : Aare B seldom — © unusual D normal A stil B yet © never ever 5@fy —B drive € row Dun 6 Bwash B rinse © get D bathe 7 A notes ©) forms C papers D pages MODULESFocus on RNE Listening - Part 3 You will hear a man talking about his childhood. For statements 1-7, choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. You will hear the recording twice. ‘The narrator says that as a child he A lived on a farm in the country. ® enjoyed playing in fields. ‘© wanted to be a farmer. The farm the narrator describes A was a very large one. ® was close to houses. © had a lot of cows on it. The narrator was fascinated by the spring because A he couldn't understand how the animals got there. @ there were so many different things to do there. © he liked sheltering under the trees around it. The dams that the children made ‘A were always destroyed by Mr Jones. B followed a professional design. © had to allow some water to pass. The tree the narrator used to climb was unusual because @ it was a peculiar shape. B he could hide in it. it didn’t have a name. The children avoided going to Third Field and Fourth Field mainly because A. it took too long to get to them. ©® they were dirtier than the others. © the cows in the fields frightened them. The narrator thinks that children today ® miss out on a lot of simple pleasures. B have better lives than he did as a child. € are lucky that they can now play golf. 98| mooue s Speaking Task 1 (35 minutes) Give a talk on public transport. (Gee Answer Section) Remember to discuss: + whether public transport is important to everyday life, and why. * how reliable public transport is in serving your community, give examples. * whether public transport is a better way to travel than using your own vehicle, give reasons, + how using public transport is related to environmental issues. You will have to talk for 1.5-2 minutes. The examiner will listen until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions. Writing - Part 1 You have 20 minutes to do this task. You have received a letter from your English- speaking pen friend Sarah, who writes: «= Next week at our college, local companies are coming to tak to us about employment opportunities. Do you receive any career advice? Have you decided what job you would like to do jn the future? | am considering becoming a Maths teacher. What subject would you choose to teach? ‘My grandfather is staying with us at the moment Write a letter to Sarah, (See Answer Section) In your letter + answer her questions + ask 3 questions about her grandfather's visit Write 100-140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing,Module 4 Units 1-13 T'can see a man standing at the side of a road beside a vehicle. He has a tripod and cameras and he is looking into the distance where there isa tornado. Ie looks like ic is America. The man is wearing casual clothes and the land looks lke farmland Pie. | is from unit | | ean see a ion behind a lioness. They are The unie is about extreme weather conditions. playing together Pic. is from unit 4.The unit fs about species that are endangered and how ‘we can protect them, | can see a lot of people taking photographs. | think they must be photographing someone famous. Pic.4 is from unit 10. The Unic is a writing section that aims to teach how to write argumentative essays. I can see a factory of some kind. There are big chimneys which are emitting gases, The sy is blue in the background but | think it 's a polluted area Pic. 3 is from unit 6.The Unit is about damage to the environment. Environmental Issues {can see two whales in the sea or cecean. There are seagulls around them, Plc. Sis from unit 3. The unit is about whales that are in danger. I » Look at Module 4 > Practise ... + Describe the pictures. + the passive + Which units are the pictures from? What is. + conditionals/wishes each unit about? + inversion + phrasal verbs: stand, keep, let, give > Write/Make ... Find the page numbers for . a mm newspaper headlines iH + apresentation on humpback whales : sare i +a summary of a text + apolar bear + a weather report + environmental news ai + an argumentative essay a joke 102] > Listen, read and talk about ... + endangered animals * environmental issues Across Cultures: Disasters ‘+ extreme weather conditions Literature: Moby Dick > Learn how to ... el repemtend cone Curricular Cut: Geography + express concern mooute 4 | 99‘ ) mage Lead-in Which of the following can you see in the pictures? Which of them are common in your country? ni + avalanche + flood e + earthquake * drough forest fire » heatwave Reading (Gee Answer Section) + sandstorm hailstorm + hurricane (OP Look at the tte ofthe text and the picture af the man. What is this man’s job? Discuss it in pairs. Listen as you read and check. (See Answer Section) RIVE Read the article about a storm chaser again. For statements 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each statement correctly. Ji ieseVeyor tie S141) There's a change in the sky, the clouds are gathering and there's a rumble and how inthe distance. frst appears onthe horizon - a funnel of violent air that rips through everything in (3) out of their hiding places and | dodged the lightning botts, \ collected the scorpions and sold them to an old man who put, its path I's a tomado, one of nature's mast destructive forces. (7-ttcan pick up cas ip trees cut ofthe ground and demolish ‘houses Most of us would panic at this point, hide in the house, : Bock the door and crawl under the kitchen table. But Warren BP) Faidey grabs his camera jumps in his car and heads right for Hy the storm. Warren Faidiey is a storm chaser and makes his BP ving by geting as close to tomadoes es possible to capture BE them in photographs or on video. BH) Warren's photographs of the wid beauty and terilying G cttocts of extreme weather conditions have been used on posters and promotional material by celebrities lke Sheryl Crow and Paul McCartney. Some sal for up to $20,000. Also, the video footage he takes has been shown on television around the world and he's even worked as a consuitant in Twister. Faidley's fist chase nearly killed him and taught him something that has stayed with him to this day. “When | was B twelve | was swept away by a flash flood in Tucson, Arizona, | was conducting my fist ‘chase’ along the banks of a swiftly flowing river. Suddenly the bank gave way and | fel into the floodwaters. | was carried under water and held my breath “Then my foot found a rock, allowing me to stick my head above the water. That single event had a profound effect on my fe knew I had to live life tothe fullest” He soon moved on to more profitable pursuits. “About a year after my near-death experience | decided to ride my bike into the centre of a large dust devil, a much smaller type of ‘tornado. After that, | formed a gang oflocal kids and we'd chase afer these mintomadoes. It was experiences such as these worsee aS a cons kant 1 Hollywood on the feature fim that best depicts his way of fe that gave me the confidence that eventually led to my fist job, collecting deadly scorpions. The heavy rain storms drove them, them into plastic paperweights to sell by the side of the road. Eventually, some of the parents found out about my near crowing, scorpion trade and dust devil adventures. The ‘majriy of the local kids were banned from hanging out with me @ He goes on to say: “Chasing is extremely dangerous - especially when | started and there was no on-board radars to ‘show us where and when the toriado would hit, and no preg ‘exising chase instructions, One recent scary event occurred when was fleeing aterbiestormin Texas. The winds became 0 inflense the chase truck could hardly move; rocks were being lifted and smashed into the windshield*, | was literally baing sucked into the toracol” OF course, he suvived to tll ) the tale ‘Some mation picture companies have made inquiries into making a fim based on his adventures, but Faidley says: ‘I'm not committed to anything yet. Ive devoted my fe o chasing, Sold my soul o those pursuits and turned them into milion- lola career, Im going tobe very careful about giving away.” ber coree, @)Faidleys photography has been grealy admired. He ‘explains, “As an art, Im always looking for tat perect shot. ‘Someone once said: ‘Artists seek perfection in their work to make up for imperfections in their lives.’ That fits me. I've Wven up on any bind of serious personal fe or fam! ‘dedicated my lfe to my work. Chasing involves so many things | enjoy in life: adventure, danger, travel, science, friendships and, of couse, the excitement.” * windsoreen‘We learn in the first paragraph that Warren Faidley ‘A. enjoys the danger involved in hs job. ® does things other people would not do. © drives right into tornadoes. D takes photographs of people in danger: The producers of the film Twister A based the film on his life B used his photographs to promote the film. © took advice from Faidley when making the film. D wanted Faidley to star in the film, When the writer says that Faidley ‘moved on to more profitable pursuits’ (para 4) he means that Faidley A changed the way he conducted his ‘chases. B started to take his hobby more seriously. © went on even more daring adventures. © made money from a dangerous hobby. Eventually, most of the members of Faidley’s teenage gang A joined him in his scorpion trade. B had to hide their friendship with him. € lost interest in storm chasing. © weren't alowed to associate with him. Faidley tells us that when he began his career, A he was less cautious than he is now. ® the equipment was not as advanced as it is nowadays. the job was less dangerous than it is now. D he did not take any equipment with him on his ‘chases’ When film companies suggest making a film about his experiences, Faidley feels ® aautious. B proud. © excited, D unimpressed In the final paragraph, we learn that Faidley A puts work before anything else. B makes sure every shot is perfect. C iis pleased that others admire his work. D has some regrets about his lif. w eg. 6 onic Match the words in bold in the text to these meanings. (Gee Answer Section) actually portrays collapsed running away snatches knock down drawn forcefully quickly moving avoided dedicated tears look for excellence compensate for faults damaging decided on record In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. (Gee Answer Section) Fill In: profitable, a lash, live, make, perfect, promotional, tell, extreme, profound, deadly. Then use the completed phrases to make sentences about Warren Faidley. (See Answer Section) to make one’s living ‘extreme weather conditions promotional material a flash flood profound effect live life to the fullest profitable pursuits perfect shot to tell the tale deadly scorpion Warren Faidley makes his living chasing tornadoes. Speaking [E09 Tell your partner four jings you remember from the text. Would you ever do such a risky job? Why (not)? Discus pairs. Then translate the first ‘two paragraphs of the text into Russian. (See Answer Section) Writing Write a short summary of the text. Swap papers with your partner and check each others’ writing. Check for the following: + all main points included + grammar mistakes + punctuation and spelling mistakes * cohesion (Gee Answer Section) mooute 4 | 101te Que Vocabulary & Grammar Underline the adjectives that best modify the following nouns. What are these Phrases in your language? (55" own answers) 1 fine/heavy drizzle 7 strong/thick fog 2. stronglheavy shower 8 _loudithick 3. sudden/light thunderstorm ‘downpour 9 powerfullmild 4 brieffunending hurricane cloudburst 10 briefidestructive 5 powerfulifreezing typhoon sleet 11 heavy/thin snow/all 6 violenthard hailstorm 12 densellight rain © Word Power (Sounds) -) Complete the sentences "with the correct form of: rumble, pound, whistle, crash, rustle, bang, howl. Use a verb to complete the joke. 1 | could hear the distant rumble of thunder. 2. The leaves rustled as the wind blew through the trees. 3 sat by the window and watched the rain pound against the glass. 4. When there’ a storm the waves crash against the rocks along the coast. 5 Howling winds and flying debris made the short journey home very dangerous. 6 The shutters banged as the wind battered against them. 7 The wind whistled through the empty building, (( Vknow someone who) whistles while he works. in his work. traffic warden, 102 MODULE 4 He must be happy Fill in the correct word: snow, showers, temperature, fog sicet, sunny, ice, sunshine. “Good evening. My name is lan Firth. The good news today is that the weather will be better than yesterday, with less rain and more 1) sunshine. The 2) temperature will be a few degrees higher, but will drop again from the early evening onwards, getting as low as 2 degrees Celsius. ‘The weather tomorrow will continue to be unsettled, with 3) showers throughout the day. There should be a few 4) sunny periods, but later in the afternoon the showers will give way to heavier, more prolonged rain, which will die out later in the evening. Drivers on Sunday will be hampered by thick 5) fog and very poor visibility.As the temperature drops, there may also be patches of black 6) ice on the roads, and the AA advises against travelling unless itis absolutely necessary. Later, rain will turn to 7) sleet and possibly 8) snow on higher ground. Have a good weekend, whatever the weather, wherever you are!” | Use the verbs to complete the sentences. blow, drizzle, howl, freeze, pour, ri damage, crash, clear up 1 Drizzle is the most annoying kind of rain. 2 Goodness! Just listen to that wind howling through the trees. 3. By the look of those black clouds, it's going to pour down with rain any second. 4 These high winds might blow down some trees. 5 | hope it will clear up this afternoon because | want to go out. 6 When there's a storm the high waves crash against the shore and erode the coastline. 7 I hope it doesn't freeze tonight, because then the roads will be icy tomorrow. 8 Storms often damage our house because we live in an exposed area. 9 The wind is so strong that it might rip the roof off the shed6 Fill in: snowflakes, raindrop, hailstones, gust, bolt.Then translate the sentences into Russian. ‘A small raindrop fell on her face and ran down her cheek A strong gust of wind slammed the door closed. Seconds after we saw a bolt of lightning in the sky, we heard the thunder. They watched the snowflakes falling and covering the roofs of their houses. Hailstones the size of an orange fell in the village yesterday afternoon and damaged most of the houses. © Idioms Fill in the appropriate idioms related to weather from tthe list below. Are there si ioms in your language? (Ss' own answers) + weather permitting + weather-beaten + under the weather + in all weathers. * weather the storm The old sailor's face was weather-beaten from all the years he had spent at sea. (aged by the weather) The stadium can be used in all weathers because the roof can be closed when it rains. (no matter what the weather is like) ‘We'll go for a picnic on Sunday, weather permitting. Let's hope its sunny! (if the weather is good) Together we'll weather the storm until things get better: (get through difficulties) | didn’t go to school because | was feeling under the weather. (not very well) © Inversion GR Rewrite the sentences. ‘We have never seen such bad weather as this. Never have we seen such bad weather as this. We seldom go out now that winter has set in Seldom do we go out now that winter has set in. She was only able to drive to work when the roads had been cleared, ‘Only when the roads had been cleared was she able to drive to work. ‘As soon as | got home it started to rain. No sooner had I got home than it started to rain. It hadn't rained so much since the autumn of 2000. Not since the autumn of 2000 had it rained so much. You won't be able to get a taxi until it stops raining. Not until it stops raining will you be able to get a taxi | had been told the party was cancelled, | wouldn't have come. Had | been told the party was cancelled, | wouldn't have come. Jill doesn't lke siting in the sun and jack doesn't either: Jack doesn’t like sitting in the sun and neither does ji Everyday English * Expressing concern {Use the language in the box to act out dialogues for the following situations. (Gee Answer Section) *+ Canada will be hit by heavy snowstorms. *+ Connecticut will experience a rare summer blizzard + The temperature in Manchester will reach 38°C next month. * Dust storms from the Sahara Desert are spreading across southern Europe. * Someone told me that .. + [read somewhere recently that + Did you know that ... ? * Oh, that’s terrible! + Really? That's a bit worrying. + That sounds quite serious eg. A: Iread somewhere recently that heavy snowstorms will hit Canada, Bs Really? That's a bit worrying. Speaking ©) Describe the pictures. Talk about people, place, clothes, weather, feelings. (See Answer Section) Writing 10) In pairs, write the weather forecast for tomorrow. Use the text in Ex.3 as a model. Present it to the class. (See Answer Section) mooute 4 | 103Lead-in | What do you know about humpback whales? Which of these sentences are true about them? (See Answer Section) 1 Humpback whales are dangerous animals. F 2. They sing songs in short, snappy bursts. F 3. They can hear each other across oceans. T 4. They face extinction. T 5. The hunting of humpback whales hasn't been banned yet. F 6 They are affected by sea pollution. T Read the text and check your answers. Reading >) RIE You are going to read a newspaper "article about humpback whales. Read the text and choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps 1-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Then translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian. ‘A. which they found could travel across entire oceans B as the songs had generated money to fund his research © which he described as “exuberant, awesome, uninterrupted rivers of sound” and many whale species were dangerously close to extinction E which tured out to be very lucky F which was under threat from mankind G in order to examine them for pollutants Match the words in bold in the text to these meanings. (Gee Answer Section) * unforgettable + prove * skill * only one = ban ‘trouble * huge * base + insects like butterflies, * whale fat 104| moouce + Biologist and leading conservationist Roger Payne is the man who discovered that whales sing and that their songs can be heard across entire oceans. In 1967, a young postdoctoral biologist named Roger Payne travelled to Bermuda to see the humpback whales that he had been told regularly passed by the island. An expert in how bats and moths use sound to locate their prey, Payne had recently resolved to use his expertise in animal acoustics to help this species, (1 [F]. The decision, Payne says, had come about because of his increasing concem about man’s destruction of the natural world. Whilst in Bermuda, Payne met a man named Frank Watlington. It was a chance encounter [2]E]. Watlington was using underwater microphones in his job for the US Navy and told Payne that every now and then his microphones would pick up strange sounds. Watlington told Payne that his guess was that the sounds were coming from whales. From this chance meeting, Payne, together with fellow researcher Scott McVay, went on to confirm not only that the sounds on Watlington’s microphones were from humpback whales, but that the sounds were in fact songs, [3A]. Listening 4 (Os unten as you read the text again. Then choose the correct word to complete the summary below. Roger Payne is a biologist who has taken a particular interest in the 1) humpback/white whale. He first encountered the animals on a visit to 2) Bermudal Britain in 1967. lc was during ths visi that he met Frank ‘Watlington, who told him that he had picked up strange sounds on the underwater 3) microphones! loudspeakers he used in his job for the United States 4) Army/Navy. Payne suspected that these sounds might be made by the whales, and he started a research programme into the phenomenon with his §) friend! colleague, Scott McVay. They discovered that Payne's suspicions were correct, and that the sounds were in fact 6) songsiwords that could be heard over 7) tremendous/short distances. Having made the discovery, Payne released a recording of the sounds which became very popular with 8) scientists/the public and helped bring about the foundation of the'Save the Whales’ movement.At the time of Payne and McVay's discovery, commercial whaling was still in full force. Tens of thousands of whales were being hunted and killed every year by nations across the world [4 [D Payne decided to release a recording of the long and haunting humpback whale songs, [5 |C]. This unique recording was an instant hit with the public. The joyful sounds of whales singing to each other as they played in the ocean placed the plight of these enormous but gentle creatures firmly at the forefront of the public's mind. It helped lay the foundation for the launch of the ‘Save the Whales’ movement, which was instrumental in bringing about an end to commercial whaling, In 1986, the Intemational Whaling Commission (IWC) ‘Complete the phrases with the words in the ist. Choose five phrases and make sentences using them. (See Answer Section) * poisons + creature threat + instant * fellow * full * locate * meeting 1 locate their prey & commercial whaling 2. instant hit 7 man-made poisons 3 under threat 8 full force 4 chance meeting 9 increasing concern 5 fellow researcher 10 magnificent creature Speaking In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text. Then take the roles of Roger Payne and an interviewer. Use the information in the text to interview Mr Payne. (See Answer Section) passed a moratorium on whaling. The humpback whale stocks have partially recovered since then, but they are still an endangered species. Today, Payne is stil turning to this magnificent creature to show mankind his folly. He has recently collected many tiny skin and blubber samples from sperm whales [6 [G]. Preliminary studies have shown terrifying levels of man-made poisons are present in the samples. Payne hopes that when the results are made public it wil turn the whale into a symbol of how mankind is poisoning the oceans. For a second time, Payne looks set to make the whale an icon of the plight of our times. Writing [EIT In five minutes write four things you remember from the text. (Ss' own answers) ICT What did you learn about humpback whales from the text? What else would you like to know about them? Work in groups. Collect information, then prepare a presentation on humpback whales. You can visit this website: hetp:l/www.acsonline.org/factpack/hump! (See Answer Section) opus « | 105onie te Vocabulary & Grammar 1 F natural + captivity * protect + confine + released * species * breed + extinct in the correct word from the list below. = hunting are threatening many 1) species to such an extent that they are almost 2) extinct. In order to 3) protect them, many animals are kept in 4) captivity in z00s and | safari parks. The idea is that when animals are able to 5) breed in safety, their numbers F will increase enough so F that some can be 6) released into their 7) natural habitats. Some SE excreme animal rights activists, however believe that it is better to allow a species to become extinct than to 8) confine them in a prison- like z00. -) Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. 1 If we act now, we can save most species that «+ extinction, Ameet face — C deal 2. The grey wolf plays a vital D come in the health of ecosystems. Arak Bjob ©role post 3. Oil spills major problems for sea otters. Because Bdo Cmake —_D produce 4. Deforestation is directly ...... to the loss of many species. A joined (B) related matched D fixed 5 Caged pandas ...... signs of unhappiness. Alock (B)show C reveal D uncover 6 The remote nests of the bald eagle make it... to get exact information on their numbers. ‘A unable B incapable C unsuitable(D impossible 7 Conservationists warn that the situation for immediate action, ®@aalls Breeds € requires D demands 106| mooute « | Human population expansion and the effects of 10 ‘The authorities are under ........ to cancel plans to build a motoway through the forest. A stress B strain Cload — Oppressure Most governments ...... the idea of conservation and do their best to help protect animals. Baccept B agree € approve D assume We need to ...... safety measures to protect the sea turtle. Arraise extend C advance D stretch ‘Some snakes eat their prey . Alive alive Ciliving Dively Ostriches, to popular belief, do not stick their heads in the ground. A against B across © contrary D opposite Due to climate change, the emperor penguin is under .. threat Brisk — C danger Consumers should be ...... of possible threats to the environment from many products. A familiar ®)aware C known D acquainted us of the D problem. The loss of natural habitats should urgent need for conservation. @remind B recall € recollect D remember © Words often confused Choose the correct word. Compare with your partner. People should respect, value and conserve/keep animal habicats. Is not easy for animals kept in zoos to adjust/ match to life in the wild. WWF collaborates/correlates with other organisations to protect animals. The rate of extinction/destruction of many species has accelerated much faster than expected. The government has been warned about the harmleffect of illegal hunting on endangered species. Tigers are alone/solitary animals, which usually only come together to mate. Loss of habitat is one of the greatest threats/ ‘warnings to the panda, legal hunting and loss of habitat have endangered/ troubled the tiger The turtle populations of Asia will be wiped out/ disappeared in a few decades if nothing is done. Global warming seems to have given/contributed to the decline of the American pika.‘© The passive(GR p. 176 Rewrite the sentences in the Passive. (See Answer Section) 1 Rainforests regulate the Earth’s weather. 2 Scientists have investigated only 2 per ‘cent of 250,000 known plant species for their possible medicinal value. 3 Environmentalists are constantly developing projects to ensure the survival of the ecosystem. 4 Governments and elected officials will need to pass tougher environmental laws. 5 The oil exploration business nearly drove the Hawaiian monk seal to extinction, 6 Greenpeace was protecting the environment long before it became fashionable. 7 Whalers had hunted the blue whale almost to extinction, 8 According to some estimates, countries will have reduced greenhouse emissions in five years. 9. The dodo had never faced a predator before humans invaded its natural habitat. 10 legal hunters are going to destroy the elephant population. 5 Rewrite the following text in the passive. (See Answer Section) ‘The World Wide Fund for Nature protects hundreds of species around the world. These species need special measures and extra protection if they are to survive. ‘The WWF is currently funding over 2,000 projects. It also employs almost 4,000 people across the planet, but it always needs more support from the public. Only the public can ensure a living planet for future generation: eee e.g. Hundreds of species around the world are protected by the World Wide Fund for Nature, onie ® Read the text and complete gaps 1-10 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. Noteucncne DANGER 1) Conservationists are very concerned about the ever-growing number of 2) endangered species in the world. 3) Environmental problems such as freak weather conditions, fire and acid rain are resulting in the 4) destruction of vast areas of woodland and forest. These areas are home to large numbers of animals and, as the land is vital to their 5) survival, this is having 6) alarming effects. 7) Ecologists advocate the use of ozone- friendly products and recycling to achieve a 8) reduction in environmental damage. Safari parks have also been established in an attempt 10 give 9) protection to animals from big-game hunters. ‘Numbers are slowly beginning to increase and will 10) hopefully continue to do so inthe future. * Key word transformations ‘Complete each sentence using the word in bold, Use two to five words. Developers destroy large areas of forest every minute. are Large areas of forest are being destroyed every minute. 2 Governments have banned hunting elephants for their ivory. been Hunting elephants for their ivory has been banned by governments. 3. Tuna fishing has caused a drop in the number of dolphins. been A drop in the number of dolphins has been caused by tuna fishing. 4 We should think about conservation more. thought Conservation should be thought about more. mooute « | 107OMG Lead-in Look at the diagram. Which of these problems does your country face? (See Answer Section) f depletion of natural resources. a deforestation 9. global warming b extinction of ou \imals h greenhouse effect © soil erosion adioactive contamination 4 ozone depletion ° @ loss of Scam biodiversity* || pollution environmental Problems * existence of grate variety of plant & animal lvingin heir maura _) Which of the problems above do these sentences match? culiaenve ‘contamination 1. Nuclear waste is highly toxic and can contaminate water or the marine environment. 2 They are often classified as renewable, such as wind, trees, water and sunlight or non-renewable lke fossil fuels (coal, oi, g28)—~ depletion of natural resources 3 Some gases trap the heat of the Earth in the atmosphere, so temperatures iNcreaS®.\ sreenhouse effect 4 This thin layer in the stratosphere shields life on Earth from the harmful UV light coming from the sun. ozone depletion Reading 3 OV» Listen as you read the news articles. Which environmental problem does each relate to? (Gee Answer Section) MODULE 4 Last Saturday a group of teenagers were seen doing their part to save the environment Eaxly in the moming, twenty young students from St Mark’s Secondary School in Granton set off by bus ‘and headed for Brampton Forest -the forest that was. partly destroyed in last year’s dreadful fre. Armed with small shovels and buckets of pine saplings, these teens were determined to show that they care about the future of their planet. At final count, the youngsters managed to plant over 2,000 young trees. ‘We should al be proud of these hard-working young People. 4) RINE Match the headings (A-H) to extracts 1-7. Use each heading only once. There one extra heading you do not need to use. A. Making it worthwhile EA suitable B A lucky rescue Punishment © Aterrible crime F Kid power D_ Neighbourhood G Bad weather ahead pride works H_ Gone forever 5 Match the words and phrases in bold in the text to these meanings. (Gee Answer Section) ‘improved + young tre + very large + serious/strong + join in + put in place + moved towards + deli + clean and tidy + anxiety/worry + starting a fire illegally(BJA) The next time you go to your local supermarket take a minute to look and see i there is something different about i. The local council, supported by a government grant, has installed ten recycing machines corel pelt deco ede in supermarkets in the area. The machines only work Set a eer with retumable bottles, and when one is deposited in the mien: ery ete: tine. to: pronere “for the 7 é hurricane. An expert on climate change, Stan ‘machine the depositor receives ten pence for their effort. 7 : Wren, issued a harsh waming that yestorday’s Itis hoped that where concer for the environment has ay eee hurricane was not simply a force of Mother paretiatied people:to recycle; money right. Nature, but the product of man's continuing disrespect for the environment. He went on to - say that we should be prepared to expect more (3C) 22year-old Rowan Peters was sentenced to six surprises in the future. months in prison yesterday at Carlisle Crown Cour. Found guity ofan act of arson that resulted inthe destruction of over 1,000 hectares of valuable woodland, Peters continued to proclaim his innocence. To most people gathered outside e the court, Peters’ sentence was far too light and really counted. Serene ee we ‘as no more than a slap on the writ for such an irresponsible a anne receiving reports that a young whale = had beached itself, The desperate situation suddenly took a turn for the better when the water level began to @c) Hurricane winds ripped through areas of Florida yesterday, causing milions of dollars’ worth of damage. Homeowners in the (@)D Clydesdale Mews in the west of the city is sparkling this morning rise and the whale managed, with the after a massive weekend clear-up by locals. Sick and tired of the hhelp of onlookers, to free itself and rubbish littering their streets and parks, the people of the area, many of escape to deeper water. Once its whom have lived there their whole lives, decided to get together 1o do sense of direction had returned, it something about it once and for all. Old and young alike tuned out to tumed and heaced back out to sea. It participate in the clean-up. When asked about it, Mr Kline, an elderly seems that sometimes sonar signals resident, sai, “Now, that's the stuft. We have always loved the area, and from boats can confuse the young after this weekend we have even more reason to do so. Everywhere is as Whales, and they become separated neat as a pin, just lke inthe old days!” {om ther pod, oF family group. (S/H. Scientists have announced that a type of West African monkey, Miss Waldron’s red colobus, has probably become extinct. This large monkey is the first primate to vanish since the 19th century. Despite a series of searches conducted by anthropologists over a six-year period, no evidence of even one remaining monkey was found. Wildlife experts were unsurprised, as the last confirmed sighting of a Miss ‘Waldron's red colobus was over 20 years ago and it was listed as endangered back in 1988. Complete the phrases with the words in the list. Choose 6 6 me phrases and make sentences using them. Speaking (See Answer Section) Imagine you are a student from worth + situation * neat * woodland + government + once St Mark’s School. Describe your ‘series *proclaim + sonar + slap experience and your feelings 7 about it to your partner. 1 valuable woodland 6 proclaim his innocence Gakuen Seon 2a slap on the wrist 7 sonar signals 3 government grant 8 once and for all 7 4 as nest as a pin 9 millions of dollars’ worth Writing 5a series of searches 10 desperate situation ©) Write an email to your English- speaking pen friend about the ') Read the texts again. Which ones describe people day. You should say what you helping the environment? Which do you think is the did, why you did it and how you best idea? Give reasons. Then translate texts | and 7 feel about It. (See Answer Section) into Russian. (See Answer Section) mooute 4 | 109Vocabulary & Grammar | Describe the pictures. What do they show? (See Answer Section) eg. Picture | shows a man cutting down a tree. )) Use the table to make sentences. (See Answer Section) + factories produce sulphur use filters + cay cars ozone-friendly products introduce laws against hunting start planting campaigns + cars emit gases + sprays damage zone layer + hunters + legal logging eg. Foctories produce sulphur and as a consequence there is acid rain, Using fiters would reduce ths. Choose the correct word. Compare answers with your partner. Then translate the sentences into Russian. 1 Insome zoos, animals are .... to live in unsuitable cages. A urged € obliged B required Diforced 2 We must find a(n)... 10 fossil fuels. A option € choice @ akernative D replacement 3 Conservation schemes are 2 .... of interest for mary Young people @ source C spring B basis. D foundation 4° Maintain eye contact and directly to capture their attention. Acell C speak B lecture Daddress 5 In recent times, we have seen racical worlds ecosystem. your audience to the A aterations ‘© changes B variations D modifications 6 Everyone can make a... to saving the planet. Apomere contribution B donation D difference 7. The World Wildlife Fund was .... in Switzerland A discovered C instituted B created Difounded 110] mooute « 10 Factory owners should do more to the environment. Abuild Environmental .... are on the front pages of most newspapers these days. Biissues —B topics Conservationists think there is litle time to Aplay — B spend Cwork Diact @provect € value D estimate themes D editions © Phrasal verbs Fill in the appropriate particle(s). Check in Appendix |. Make sentences using the phrasal verbs. (Gee Answer Section) "Do you know what WWF stands for?” “Well it used to be the World Wildlife Fund, but now its the World Wide Fund for Nature’ Because animals can't defend themselves, its important that we stand up for them. Hunting deer is allowed in some parts of the country to keep their numbers down, ‘The young man was let off with a fine after he was caught fishing illegally. The environmental organisation was giving ‘ouvlaway notebooks and pens. © Conditionals/Wishes GR p. 177 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. If people cared more about the environment, the world would be (be) a better place to live in | wish people wouldn't drive (notidrive) thelr cars so often and would use public transport instead. If only | had known (know) about your problem, | would have helped you. Hf people worked (work) together, our world would be a better place. Hf the Minister had not given (not/give) his approval, this wouldn't have happened. If the ozone layer is depleted further, we will run (run) a much higher risk of developing skin cancer.6 © Key word transformations Complete each sentence using the word in bold. Use two to five words. lewould have been better if you had taken the early train ‘only If only you had taken the early train | didn't go to the meeting because | didn't know about it known If! had known about the meeting, | would have gone. You'd think he owns the place. though He behaves as though he owned/owns the place. You shouldn't have told her my secret. told I wish you hadn't told her my secret. You ought to have finished the project by now. time Its (high) time you had finished the project. | think you should join an environmental group. were If! were you, would join an environmental group, | didn’t pass my driving test so I can't drive my car. wish I wish I had passed my driving test, so | could drive my car Everyday English © Repeating/Confirming Read the newspaper headlines, then use the table to discuss them. (See Answer Section) | MALAYSIA TO CLONE TOURISM DESTROYING yrcatENED TURTLES HIMALAYAS er Re ener GLACIAL LAKE VANISHES | 900 MONKEYS SEIZED IN SOUTHERN CHILE |= FROM POACHERS ena RO Sa en DEAD SEABIRDS ALARM SCIENTISTS Rea What did you say? (Gorry?) Could you say that again, please? Could you repeat that, please? al Did you say... ? + Vsaid ... Do you mean to say + What I said was ... that ...? + I said that eg. A: Tourism is destroying the Himalayas. B: What did you say? A: | said that the Himalayas are facing problems because of tourists one © Prepositions 8. Fill in the correct preposition. Check in Appendix Il. 1 Recycling will prevent further damage to the environment. 2. It is wrong to experiment on animals. Increased trafic leads to an increase in exhaust fumes. Consumers need to insist on products that don't harm animals. aw 5 Climate change has been obvious to scientists for many years. 6 We must protect even tiny insects from extinction. 7 We should prevent hunters from killing animals. 8 We all need to protest about/against global warming RINE Read the text. For gaps 1-7, choose A,B,C or D to complete each gap correctly. | SEA Turtles | From the moment they first enter the sea, male sea turtles never return to land and females only leave the sea to (1)....... their eggs. When mature, the females return every two to four years to the area (2)....... they were born. This may involve a journey of many thousands of kilometres. The turtle crawls on the beach and digs a hole in the sand with her back flippers for her eggs After about 2 months, the eggs @)........ The baby turtles dig their way to the surface, then at night, they emerge (4)... the nest and head for the sea. They dive into a wave and swim for a day ‘or two without stopping, in order to get away from the dangers of land and (5)... waters. And there certainly are dangers. Apart from people, various animals love to eat baby sea turtles. Ninety percent are (6)....... by seabirds, crabs and large fish. To make matters worse, street lighting near beaches can confuse them to the (7) nnn. that they actually head away from the sea. 1 Aset B arrange © lay D place 2 Awhich B who C there (8) where 3 Adeliver @ hatch C emerge D produce 4 Aout @ from € through D away 5 Athin B fine € low —®) shallow 6 c \7 c A bitten @ eaten pecked D chewed A amount ©) extent quantity D level mooue 4 | 111Listening Task 1 RNE O ‘You will hear a conversation between Jamie and his father. For statements 1-7, decide if each statement is True, False, or Not stated. 1 Jamie normally gets up late on Saturdays. A True B False © Not stated 2. Jamie's dad doesn't know whata bottle drive is. ® True B False © Not stated 3 Recycling takes a lot of time. A True B False ~~ © Not stated 4. Jamie's entire family thinks helping the planet is important A True — B Fale © Not stated Listening Task 2 RNE Os ‘You will hear different speakers tal 5 The students are going to take half the bottles to the recycling centre. A True @ False © Not stated 6 The students thought they could mail the leaflets to the people in the area. A True @ False © Not stated 7 Jamie asked his dad for some money. A True @ False © Not stated 1g about a regret they have. Match the speakers (I-6) to sentences A-G. Use each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use. A listened to some bad advice. B_ | didn’t seize an opportunity. © | decided to give up travelling. D_ I kept something to myself E I didn’t realise what | would miss. F I missed the chance of a special experience, G I didn'e finish something 112] mooue « Speaker| 1 2 3 7Listening Task 3 OP» You wit haar an interview with aman called Sam Ciustrami, who studies volcanoes. For gaps 1-10, ‘complete the sentences. Sam says that if a volcano has erupted within the past ten thousand / 10,000 | 1 | years, it is considered to be active. ‘Sam says Indonesia has approximately two hundred7 200 | 2 | volcanoes. More than half 2 billion active voleano. 3. people live near an Land surrounding volcanoes is inhabited because it is very | fertile [4 Otten, the frequency of | earthquakes when a volcano is about to erupt. 74,000 years ago, the earth's climate was affected by a volcanic eruption in| Indonesia | 6 |, [5 increases Mount Toba sent so much ash into the atmosphere, the world got cooler by | twenty-one / 21 degrees | 7 ‘Sam says he enjoys his work because he is like adetective | 8 |. Sam believes it's unusual to work in a profession people are | so interested | 9 | in There are volcanic eruptions on Earth every day / daily [10 one Listening Task 4 4 RNE +s You wil hear an interview with a travel writer called Marius Liugiasi. For statements 1-7, choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. 1 Marius agrees with the interviewer that the general public are believe his job A. is not rewarding. B is well paid © is the ideal job. 2. Marius feels that one bonus of his job is A learning other languages. B developing a good memory. © finding out more about yourself. 3 Marius finds it difficule to A write at least one travel story every week. B capture the sights, noises and scents of a place. © make himself write regularly when he is on the road. 4 Marius’ advice to would-be travel writers is that they A can expect to become wealthy and well known. B should not do this job if they like challenges © muse have a passion for writing. 5 Marius says that to be successful a travel writer has to A write beautifully ® be original C be competitive. 6 Marius says money B has never been his priority B is only important at home. © allows you to live like a king 7 Marius says that travelling humbles a person because A. you must face a lot of difficulties ® you realise how lucky you are. © you are usually very poor:OHIe & Speaking Skills Student A: Task 1 (2-35 minutes) Making Suggestions (1) Give a talk about the best way to stay healthy. Why not ..? You could try Remember to discuss: + the benefits of exercise You might want to .. Perhaps you should A good idea might be to .. + the effects of good dieUnutrition on health + the importance of regular health checks + what you do to keep in good health You will have to talk for 1.52 minutes. Student B will listen until you have fi will ask you some questions. (See Answer Section) Questions for Student B + Are leisure activities and free time important for good health? + Are people healthier today than they were in the past? + Are young people concerned about health issues? In what way? + Do young people need to be educated more about how to stay healthy? || + Do you think your lifestyle is healthy? Whyiwhy not? + What could you do to be healthier? V+ Listen wo «model answer What does the spaner Sy abou the beefs of god marion and exercise? (See Answer Section) Task 2 (4 minutes) You and your friend have been asked to organise a special event for Health Week at your school. You can choose from: + a cooking healthy food workshop + a talk advising on how to beat stress + a sport and keep fit day + walk in the countryside Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both prefer the most. You begin the conversation. Student B will play the part of your friend, (See Interlocutor Card 3) (Gee Answer Section) OV» Listen co a model ansnes What do the spears agree on? What reasons do they se! aaaeucura: (See Answer Section) + discuss all the options * Invite your friend to come up with suggestions + be polite + come to an agreement + take an active part in the conversation + come up with ideas Yes, that would be great, because ... + give good reasons Thats a good point, as I would have to agree . | think youre absolutely right + find out about your friend's opinions and take them into account, 114| MODULE 4on Speaking Skill: Student B: Task 1 (3-35 minutes) Give a talk on how we can protect the environment. ‘One idea might be to Remember to discuss: We could Then we might ‘Also, we could try + how pollution can be reduced + the importance of protecting the countryside + what people can do personally to help — saving energy, recycling, not wasting water, using public transport, more, etc + what the government should do — pass laws, run awareness campaigns etc ‘You will have to talk for 1.5 -2 minutes. Student A will listen until you have finished.Then he/she will ask you some questions. (See Answer Section) Questions for Student A + Do you think you could do more to help protect the environment? + Are young people today concerned about environmental issues? Why/Why not? *+ What would be the best way to increase people's awareness of environmental issues? + Do you think the world’s environmental problems will be solved in the future? + What environmental issue affects your lfe the most? + Who is to blame for the world’s environmental problems? Ne ern to 2 model ancne: What does the speaker say about what the government should do and how people can help. (See Answer Section) Task 2 @-4 minutes You and your friend have been asked to organise a special event during the Environment Week being held at your school.You can choose from: + a clean up the park/beach day + a workshop on how to make homes more environmentally friendly + a morning planting trees in the local park *+ an afternoon collecting money for a local environmental group Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both prefer the ‘most. You begin the conversation. Student A will play the part of your friend. (See Interlocutor Card 4) (See Answer Section) O Listen to a model answer: What do the speakers decide on? What reasons do they give? (See Answer Section) Remember to: * invite your friend to come up with suggestions + discuss all the options + come to an agreement + be polite * take an active part in the conversation I'm afraid | don’t agree, because + com hid re up with ideas ‘Actually | don't think so. + give good reasons Ie. a good idea, but You have a point although * find out about your friend's opinions and take them into account mooute 4| 115K 440) Writing: Argumentative An argumentative essay isa piece of formal or semi-formal writing. It can be: ‘© for-and-against essay in which we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic ‘© an opinion essay in which we present our opinion on a particular topic ‘© an essay providing solutions to problems in which we discuss a problem and its causes as well asthe expected results or consequences of our suggestions Argumentative writing can be used in letters to someone in authority («5 « local politician, the etor of a newspaper tc). Before starting to write your essay you should first make a plan, In an argumentative essay, quotations are a particularly useful way to start or end your piece of writing, Use a 1 What is the point of leaming? Discuss. » 9 How do the mass media affect J people's lives? Discuss, » h Violent sports should be banned. Discuss. * Model Analysis a) Read the rubric and answer the questions. (See Answer Section) You have had a cass discussion about diferent types of holidays. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your views on the following statement. There are both pros and cons to choosing a package holiday. Write your essay. 1 What are you going to write about? 2 Who is going to read your piece of writing? 3 What advantages/disadvantages of package holidays can you think off 4) What style of writing should you use? b) Read the two models and decide which one is the best. Justify your decision. (See Answer Section) ©) Underline the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs in Model |. Replace them with other appropriate ones. (See Answer Section) ‘They are the cheapest and easiest option. Without doubt, package holidays are the most popular type of holiday. However, tourists must carefully weigh up the good and bad points before choosing one. ‘A package holiday certainly has its advantages. Firstly, it makes booking a holiday easy. The travel agent arranges the flights, accommodation, meals and sometimes the activities, which are all booked and paid for in advance. Secondly, there is a wide range of holidays to popular destinations on offer. Everything from a safari in Kenya to a walking holiday in the Lake District is available. Furthermore, package holidays are cheap. Travel agents are able to offer package deals which are much cheaper than any holiday an individual could arrange for themselves. However, there are also some disadvantages. To start with, tourists often stay in the resort complex to take advantage of the facilities and avoid additional expense. This means that they do not visit local attractions or learn about the people and culture of the country. In addition, choices are limited on a package holiday. For example, if the entertainment or food provided is not to the traveller's taste, they must put up with it ‘or pay extra for an alternative. ‘To sum up, package holidays have both pros and cons. On the ‘one hand, they are cheap and convenient, but on the other hand, they can be restrictive. Package holidays are the best type of holidays. There are so many advantages to booking a package holiday and very few disadvantages. First of all, it couldn't be easier. The travel agent makes all the arrangements and the flights, hotel and meals are included and paid for ahead of time. Also, there is a wide choice of destinations. Finally, package holidays are cheap. Travel agents are able to get huge discounts for bulk bookings that individuals ‘cannot. Therefore. they can offer package deals that cost less than the sum of the individual parts. They pass these discounts on to. you and me, and so we can go on a cruise around the Med or a safari in Kenya or skiing holiday in the Alps for a reasonable price. Alll in alll it is easy to see why package holidays are so popular. 3 Look at the words in bold in the models above. Which: list points? conclude! link similar ideas? add points? make other (Gee Answer Section) contrasting points? Replace them appropriate words or phrases. mooute 4| 117118] mooute 4 @ Writing: Argumentative * Expressing Arguments For and Against a Topic ‘When you express arguments for and against a topic you should present both views in equal detail. Do not give your own opinion. End with a well-balanced consideration of the points discussed. Introduction Para | Introduce the topic Main Body Para 2 Give the arguments in favour of the statement, with justfications/examples Para 3 Give the arguments against the statement, with justifications/examples Conclusion I para. Give a well-balanced summary of the topic | Read the rubric and the model. What is the function of each paragraph? (Gee Answer Section) You have had a class discussion about shopping. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the following question: What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping? Write your essay. I> These days lots of people shop online. Everything from designer clothes to groceries can be bought on the Internet and delivered to our ‘doors. Is this as good 2s it sounds? There are many good "7 Feasons to shop online. B> Online shopping has some obvious advantages. To start with, you can shop from the comfort of your own home. This makes life easier, as we can avoid the crowds and traffic and there are no heavy bags to cary. ‘Secondly, it is quick and easy to shop online. You can visit a number of different websites in no time at all and order at the click of a button. ‘On the other hand, there are some bad points to shopping online. > However, there ae also some disadvantages. Firstly, online shopping can put you at risk of credit card fraud. You must ensure that you only use reputable sites and be very careful with your credit card details, or someone else may be able to use your credit card. Secondly, pictures on a computer screen may not live up to your expectations. As you cannot touch or examine things before you buy them, you may be disappornted when your purchase artves. E> Allin all, there are both advantages and disadvantages to shopping online. It is easy and conyerveri but it is also risky and we should consider 2). List the arguments for and "against. How does the writer justify his/her points? Complete the table. Main Body (Para 2) Arguments 1 can shop from home 2. is quick and easy to shop on! Justifications/Examples 1 avoid crowded shops and traffic 2. visit many websites quickly and order immediately Main Body (Para 3) Arguments Tecan put you at rik of credit | card fraud } 2. pictures online may prove disappointing Justifications/Examples 1 must ensure that you only deal with reputable sites 2 things that you are buying cannot be examined first hand Replace the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs with other appropriate ones. a) Match the arguments to the justifications. Which are for? are against?writing: Argumentarive QQ) 5 Match the introductions to the conclusions. TIE] have lots of money a they are welcome Which techniques are used in each? start with a problem that never sure whether wherever they go Tieeds/a solution introducte ns, lebrities followed T[B] Increased drug use among young people today Popieretly pease tet problem that must be tackled by society if isto be them everywhere by prevented from causing more damage than it [BIZ] people adore them Photographers already has. state a strong, firm opinion © can have comfortable | [Tc] There canbe no doubt that television the sole “4 [b Feomniets lecisor. i ‘cause of the breakdown of modern society and that privacy - it has absolutely no beneficial effect upon @ child's alg d can lead to sense of development. epee Against: 2,4 Isolation Fla] What can be done to protect our cities from _ ; environmental pollution’ Over the past decade, our b) Use the ideas in Ex.4a and appropriate cities and towns have become more polluted than linking words to complete the main ‘ever and this is a trend that looks set to continue. body paragraphs below. —————— _ustifications/examples [a] Have you ever considered emigrating to another There are many advantages to being famous. Firstly, ‘country with a warmer climate where it hardly ever famous people have lots of money. This means that they rains? This tempting prospect as been on many can have a comfortable life. Secondly, people adore ‘people’ minds this winter as we face endless, cold, celebrities. Because of this, they are welcome wherever ‘damp days stuck indoors. they go. ‘ However, there are certain drawbacks to being Conclusions, Pesce diodes toh . famous. To begin with, famous people are never sure J | # To conclude, it seems that the only er ‘i So eT re D | ly ofr sunoundags sto wr neers serie teton Wisiihien chara asple: horas the environment. Unless this is done, many cities and connie daclecit clear icetei nae: dollowell towns will have become uninhabitable within the next hotographers. fifty years. Ne the reader something to consider b Ifsomething is not done soon, an alarming inerease in the number of young drug user i inevitable, which will undoubtedly have a harmful effect upon society as a whole. end with a quotation © Techniques for Introductions and Conclusions In order to grab the reader's attention and make them want to continue reading, the first paragraph should: ‘© start with an objective statement: eg It ias been shown that violence on television affects children from a young age. j © The negative Tole that ‘elevision plays in the development of a child can be summed up with a quotation from the Hungarian author, George Mikes, who said: “Television is of great educational value, It teaches you while still young how to (a) kill, (b) rob, (c) shoot, (2) poison, and (¢) how to grow up into a gangster by the time you eave SCHOOL” surymarise the article On balance, it must be said that although moving abroad sounds like an end to all our problems, often itis not. In ‘many cases it can be far more difficult than ling in Britain, ‘mainly due tothe fact that t involves taking on awhole new culture and way of if. ‘© make reference to a strange scene or situation: 4g The sight of hundreds of flying fish ‘© address the reader directly: e.g. Have you ever considered what life would be ike without water? ‘© start with a quotation or rhetorical question (question which requires no answer) eg. 1s all this worth the lack of privacy? + start wit a problem that needs a solution: 7 7 Micon ae ocr Veccgeic, 6 3) What techniques has the writer used to begin/end the essay in Ex. 1? ‘The last paragraph should: sarewith 2: sec S'summarise the article ical give the reader something to consider:e. Thins “NesOR! B) Replace the beginningjending with another would be different if. technique. Compare nagpeg Acca ease © summarise the article: «To conclude a ome ie (See Answer Section) Als feline,” “To ber not to a ee DVDs at home to going to the cinema. What are the pros and cons of watching DVDs at home? Write. your essay for your teacher (200-250 words). ~ mopue «| 119 ‘* end with a quotation or a thetorical question: © end with an objective statement: «x. Many people believe thatthe future of our planet isthe most serious issue of life today.nie Disasters Across Cultures | a) Look at the titles of the texts. What do you know about these places? Tell your partner. (Gee Answer Section) b) Look at the pictures. What kinds of disaster might occur in these places? Read the texts to find out. (See Answer Section) Located on the | Kamchatka peninsula | in Eastern Siberia, | Russia's world famous | valley of the Geysers | is one of 1)... five } laces on Earth | where hot springs | punch holes through -). For texts A and B, choose A, B, “Cor D to complete gaps 1-7 correctly, the Earth's crust to eject boiling water 2 For text C, fill in the gaps and steam skywards (1-7) with one suitable word. a af 2) nun Of some Lye texts again. Then answer the hundreds of thermal questions below. |} pools, steam jets (Gee Answer Section) and mud pots. Sadly, this natural 3) ones WS all but obliterated by a massive landslide in 2007. An entire mountainside collapsed in a nearby valley, hurling mud, stones, gravel, snow and ice into the geyser valley and covering two-thirds of it in the 4)... 1 | Until recently, the | TextA 1 What is a geyser? 2 What happened to the Valley of the Geysers in 2007? | 3 Why did officials decide not to clear away the landslide from the Valley of the Geysers? of an eye. a Following the natural disaster, officials met to consider removing the landslide 5)... in order to return the valley to 1 What problems affected the Volga River ding the 200 covert its former glory. But it was agreed by all that it would be inherently wrong not to allow nature to take its course. The = 2 pore vee Cover tater ese ere) ] Kamchatka area is a strictly controlled nature reserve 6)... i | | population of fish? 3 What action is being taken to improve the situation? to observe natural processes, and the landslide was a natural process. The opportunity to 7)....... the amazing natural transformation of a landscape and the birth of a completely new valley is, officials concluded, a unique opportunity that should be embraced. Text C 1 How were the terraces built? 2 Whacis happening othe eres! |S arly © ony 3 What i being done to save the |] 9 omnes @ consisted © compised Hin | 3 A scene @ wonder C spectacle Ls mice | } 4 Acose —B_open shut ® bink | | s @eebis Bruins © iter (D waso | 6 A based |B settled © insted © established | D attend =f 7 Arce ©) winess © perceive ( pe L 120) mooure «‘During the 20th century large swathes of the Volga River were poisoned and its natural 1)...... was destroyed, The impact on its wildlife was devastating. Breeding areas were affected, and the poisonous water 2) that the number of fish plummeted. Imposing dams, overishing and the poaching of fish for caviar were some of the other problems affecting Russia's main river Fortunately, the Russian government started taking steps towards testoring the river. Programmes were established to make the water cleaner and safer, and to minimise the industrial pollution affecting the river. Fish farms were als0 3)... in order to help repopulate the water. The world’s largest freshwater fish, the Beluga sturgeon, which has. 4)..... the river for hundreds of YeAKS, iS NOW 5) ..nu. from a rise in numbers. Today, work is continuing and the Volga River is well on its way to full recovery. The fish are plentiful and able to 6) sn» naturally in the cleaner water. Further action is being taken to limit the pollution deposited in the river by factories, and fines are being 7) uuu on illegal ing. Due to efforts by the Russian government, the future looks brighter for the Volga River as itis restored toits former glory. 1 A tide Brun © flow D current 2 A intended (B) meant C caused D made 3 A given (introduced C delivered D issued 4 @ inhabited B resided — C lived D settled 5 A gaining B enjoying © benefiting D profiting 6 A produce B spread ©brood OD raise B advised C suggested () imposed 5, Make notes under the following headings for each text: Location, Problem, Solution. Use your notes to summarise the texts for your partner. (See Answer Section) LC rs et the Philippine Cordilleras The rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are man- made terraces, 2,000 to 6,000 years old, carved into the Cordillera mountain range of Luzon island in the Philippines. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the terraces are so extraordinary that many people regard them as the ‘eighth wonder of the world’. Rising majestically from deep valleys to altitudes of 1,500m, these spectacular structures 1) were painstakingly carved out of the harsh mountain terrain by ancient tribes of people using nothing more 2) than primitive hand tools. They are an absolutely astounding testament to man's engineering genius and span some 10,500 sq km. 3) If placed end to end, archaeologists estimate they would encircle hatf the globe. Tragically, a series of factors including environmental degradation, erosion, and neglect 4) by the indigenous cutture are threatening the survival of the terraces. Many of the once green and fertile terraces now sit es eroded ) RNE Reading - Part 2 Read the text and choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps 1-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Write your answers in the table. The Mariinsky Ballet ‘The Mariinsky Ballet is one of the world’s leading ballet companies. It was established in St Petersburg in 1740 to provide amusement for the Imperial court, 1) In the 19th century the company really began to make its mark on the world under the direction of the choreographer, Marius Petipa. He created some of the company’s greatest full-length ballets, 2)... - Many of these ballets, such as The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, are still popular today. ‘The 1917 revolution looked like the end of classical ballet in Russia 3) .... Also, some of the ballet’s most famous stars left Russia to continue their careers abroad, 4) ..... But it wasn't long before the Marinsky ‘company gained recognition in the Soviet era under the new name of The Kiroy Ballet. Agrippina Vaganova was one of the people 5)... . This renowned teacher trained many of the company's siars, including the two prima ballerina assolutas of the Soviet era, Maya Plisetskaya and Galina Ulanova. ‘The ballet school of the Mariinsky company was named after Vaganova not long after her death in the 1950's. Today, the Mariinsky/Kirov Ballet continues to delight ballet fans around the world with its spectacular productions. There are not many ballet companies with a history as long and illustrious a this one's. visit to the Mariinsky is well worth it 6)... . You won't regret it ‘A. who helped to save the company F because it was seen as imperial entertainment B_ which took the Russian public by storm G_although its too expensive © which made matters even worse D if you ever get the chance U 2 3 4 5. 6 E_ but soon became popular with a wider audience |_& | 8 | F {| € | A | O Use of English - Part 1 Read the text and complete gaps I-7 with the correct form and tense of each verb in capitals. LLly put her bags down on the platform and looked at the station clock. There were only ten minutes until the train 1) departed, She told her boys, George and James, o guard the bags while she went for the tickets ‘As she dashed to the ticket office she wondered ifthe boys 2) would behave/were behaving while she was gone. ‘On her way tack to the platform, Lily was in such a hurry that she wasn't looking where she 3) was going and she tripped over someone's travel bag, Liy st onthe floor holding her bruised knee. The gentleman whose bag she had fallen over came up to her and said," 4) Have you hurt (you) yourself Are you alright?” Liy 5) was astonished by how much her knee hurt but she smiled bravely at the man and told him she was fine ashe helped her up. She was relieved to see thatthe boys were still where she had left ther, but they were angry that she had taken so long "Where have you been?” asked James. "We 6) have been waiting forages!” added George “11m sorry” sad Lil“ 7) didn't mean to worry you. had an accident, 'm afraid” 126| mooue 4Module 4 | 000) RNE Part 2 Read the text and complete gaps I-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. The term Supervolcano was not invented by scientists. In fact, it was first used by the BBC in a 1) documentary it made in 2000 for the popular science programme Horizon ‘A Supervoleano is a large scale volcanic 2) eruption which is much greater than any that have taken place in historic times. The last time such a massive volcano occurred was more than 25,000 ‘years ago. ‘This type of event would be 3) disastrous for the planet, as it would cause longdasting weather ‘changes which could trigger another Ice Age and lead to the extinction of many species. One area that 4) geologists suspect may be the scene of the next Supervolcano is Yellowstone National Park in the United States. ‘The Yellowstone voleano is most famous for its spectacular Old Faithful geyser, which shoots a large column of water into the air every ninety minutes. But what has interested scientists is that 5) recently there has been an increased amount of activity within the volcano. ‘Many 6) explanations have been offered for the cause of this activity including the possibility of another Supervoleano. But as these happen only every 600,000 to 800,000 years, most scientists think we are safe for the time being. Part 3 Read the text. For gaps 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each gap correctly. Circle the answer you choose. Afternoon Tea Harriet could not imagine a Saturday afterncon without her usual tea party. She would spend every Saturday morning shopping and preparing forthe artvalofher quests 1)... that day. She looked forward to itevery weekend and went to 2)... lengths to make it as special as possible. Today was no different. Her fist port of calls the bakers to buy fresh bread and cream cakes. Then she stopped by the local delicatessen to ‘buy smoked selmon, cured meats and a good paté forthe sandwiches. Finally, she 3) .... avis to the excellent speciality tea shop on the village high street. She liked to)... her quests clfferent type of tea each week Thistime she chose a delicate Darjeeling, Once she had picked up all her supplies, Hariet went into her kitchen to get everything ready. Not only did the meal have to taste good, it had to look good too, She carefully removed the crusts from all the sandwiches and cut them. into neat triangles before arranging them on herbest china plates The cieam cakes were placed artistically on the cake stand to make them look 5)... more delicious than they already were. \When she had finished in the kitchen, Harriet went to 6)... the table. The dining table was covered in beautiful white linen to show 2Boreat Barge C big D giant 7 her rose-patterned china tea service and she placed Tip udccetneh ise 3 Aneeded — B gave ¢ owed © paid either end ofthe table. As soon as everything 4 A provide —B supply © offer D present was ready, Harriet cast an eye over her 5 A just B only Oeven D some handiwork and sighed with satisfaction. 6 A place Bse Cc make D sot Everything wasjust asit should be. 7 Bot B in C up D out { 1A following @® later C after D soon mopute 4 | 127A B ie D E F G Listening - Part 1 You will hear six different speakers. Match the speakers 1-6 to sentences A-G. Use each sentence only once. There is one extra sentence you do not need to use.You'll hear ing twice. Write your answers in I worry about paying for the things | have bought. | have changed my attitude towards shopping. | think online shopping needs more safety measures. | do not like shopping in a carefully planned way. | am careful about spending too much money. | do not mind the negative side to the way I shop. | have found a way to shop that suits my lifestyle. Speaker] | | 2 57s Si 6 7 Part 2 You will hear a conversation between two friends. For statements I-7, decide if each statement is True, False or Not stated. Circle the answer you choose. You will hear the recording twice. Every Sunday, John cooks dinner for the homeless. A Tre @ False Not stated Eating at the Royal Hotel is quite expensive. B® Tre B False © Not stated The restaurant staff receive a lot of tip. A True B fake © Nor stated The hotel never throws any food away. A Tue B False ©) Not stated The community centre depends on gifts from the youth lub. A Toe ® False © Not stated Ruth’s mother is better at knitting than she is. DB Te B False © Not stated John thinks that we should care about the homeless. B® Te B Fase © Not stated 128] wooute + Speaking Task 2 (3-4 minutes) ‘You and your friend have been asked to arrange an event to celebrate a classmate's 17% birthday. You ‘ean choose from: + the cinema * a restaurant * bowling + rock concert Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both would like to organise. (See Answer Section) Remember to: + discuss all the options + be polite + take an active part in the conversation explain the situation + give good reasons ‘+ find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account + invite your friend to come up with suggestions + come to an agreement. (ee interlocutor Card 5) Writing - Part 2 You have 40 minutes to do this task. ‘Comment on the following statement. “It should be compulsory for all schoolchildren to earn a foreign language. ion? How will they benefit from knowing another language? (See Answer Section) Use the following plan. + make an introduction (state the topic) + express your personal opinion and give supporting reasons + give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you disagree with it *+ draw a conclusion Write 200 - 250 words.{ean see 2 people. Ie looks as if they are in a library and they are both looking at a computer screen. Pic I is from unit 4 and the text is about personal computers, ‘an see 2 girls looking ina shop window. They lock happy. Pie 2 from unit 6 and the testis about fashion tips for teenagers. ‘an see a young woman serving a customer in a supermarket. Pie 5 i N from unit 3 which is aboue ifestyles and technology. Trcan see 3 teenagers looking at shoes. Pic 3 is from unie 8 and the activi is ab fashion to teenagers f the importance of I/can See a man wearing a hat and’ gloves. He looks like a burglar trying to open a window with a wrench, Pic 4 is from unit 2 and the activity | is about crime, Modern Living > Look at Module 5 + complain and apologise * Describe the pictures. * express your opinion on modern life + Which units are the pi mt What i 5 Which units are the pictures from? What is 5 practice | each unit about? + quantifiers + clauses > Find the page numbers for - *+ phrasal verbs: look, run, miss, back, put + a dictionary definition + emphatic structures (there, it) Eos eestor + all both, neither, either, none, every, whole + fashion tips + causative form + ajoke > WritelMake ... + alabel + a short article expressing your opinion + an argumentative essay > Listen, read and talk about ... + careers + fashion & clothes + crime + technology Across Cultures: Heroes + housing + computers + modern life Literature: The Caves of Stee! > Learn how to... Green Issues: Energy Efficiency * describe your favourite shop jar Sey mopute 5 | 129“But why do you want to be a fashion designer? You could | 99 fo any unvesty inthe country withthe grades you've got ‘and you want to goto fashion school?” Tanya bowed her head further over the piece of sik she was working on and continued to sew the small bright beads onto the fie cloth ‘with quiet determination. She knew her father was exasperated ih fer decision butt wasn't going to aft her resove in + any way. He could question her over and over and insist on the + ridiculousness of the idea but she was going to be a fashion designer no matter what. was all she had ever wanted to co, Tanya thought back to when she had first picked up a needle and thread. Her grandmother, like many women of her generation, had made most of her own clothes and when Tanya was very small she had loved to watch her cutting the cloth and stitching it together with meticulous skil. Bt by bit, under her grandmother's careful instruction, she had learned ‘the craft herself. She fad started with simple outfits for her dolls and had progressed 10 the point where even her grandmother sald she was much better than her at making ‘adventurous and started designing her own creations. She had ‘awild sense of colour and liked to make clothes that stood out, {or the contrast in the colours, patterns and the different types. of cloth that she used. There was no doubting her creativity (2 der art teacher at school had nothing but praise for her alent ‘and encouraged her to develop it further. But nat everyone was |} qui as sympathetic to Tanya's cream of becoming a starin the world of fashion. ] Her brother Dmitri, for one, did not make any attempt to | / clothes. | __ Once se had mastered the basic skis Tanya ha become ; ; : hide his contempt for her obsession with fashion. As far as he @ was concerned, clothes were just something you threw on in * Q ne morning before going out nto the outside wor'd. As long ——————— Lead-in Discuss the following questions with a partner. (Gee Answer Section) 1 What do you want to do when you grow up? 2 What factors affect what we do later on in life? 3° Why is it important to consider personality and physical abilities when choosing a career? 4 What do you think are the most important things that affect job satisfaction? 130] mooure s ‘as they were clean and didn’t have holes in them that was all that mattered. He regarded anyone who paid attention to fashions and trends as simply a victim of peer pressure and advertising. Dmitri was very fond of telling her that anyone with any sense or ineligence would put their energy into doing something that mattered in the world, like becoming a scientist. He sounded just like her father. But she wouldn't listen. Her mind was already made up. ‘She had been offered a place at one of the most prestigious schools of Art and Design in the country and nothing would deter her from taking her place there. Contrary to what some people thought, she wasn't a fool and she knew the road to, fulfilling her dreams would be a long, hard one. She had a plan mapped out and she was going to follow it through. Fortunately, she did have support within the family. Her ‘grandmother never failed to boast about her talent to anyone £6) who would listen, and her mother, although she didn’t make a ‘song and dance about it, was also proud of her. | ‘Tanya looked up from her work and gazed into her father's | ‘troubled face. She smiled at him. “You know, dad, we've had this conversation countless times now,” she said gently, “and | the ting, undereath it al you know Lve made the itt) decision for my life. This is what I'm good at. So, let me ask ‘you one thing. What would you rather | cid with my life? | Something that gives me a deep sense of satisfaction and fulfillment or something that would make me unhappy, perhaps for the rest of my life?" Her father’s face brightened ‘and he chuckled. “Well, one thing is for certain,” he said, “no ‘one could ever accuse you of lacking confidence in your own abilities, and that is definitely a good thing. You know | only want the best for you.” She nodded. “I know you do and this | is what's best for me.” He patted her on the shoulder and | walked back to his chair to read the paper. Reading O Why would someone choose to be a fashion designer? Think of three questions about the topic. Listen and see if you can answer your questions. (See Answer Section) RIVE Read the text about someone who wants to be a fashion designer. For statements I-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each statement correctly. Then translate the last paragraph of the text into Russian.‘Tanya's father was annoyed because A she refused to answer his questions. B she wanted to drop out of school. she didn't get good grades at school. D she wouldn't change her plans. Tanya's grandmother A makes all her own clothes. B doesn't make good clothes. © taught Tanya how to sew. D enjoys watching Tanya sew. ‘When Tanya learnt to sew she A decided to use only colourful materials. B realised she would become a fashion star. © impressed a teacher with her creativity. D began making clothes for other people. Dmitri disapproved of fashion because A he wanted to be a scientist. ® he thought it was unimportant. C he was exactly like his father. D he felt he was under pressure. ‘Complete the sentences with the verbs in their correct forms: bow sew *stitch *master regard * sound ‘sdeter *fulfl *boast * pat My mother had made up her mind and nothing would deter her from acting on her decision. My grandmother told me that it had taken her six months to sew her wedding gown. ‘The teacher boasted that none of his students had ever failed an exam. My father doubted that he would manage to fulfil my brother's wishes. It took me a while, but I've finally mastered this computer program. The young boy bowed his head over his book as he did his homework. The dog growled when the child patted it roughly ‘on the head. When you yell like that, you sound just like my dad. He regarded anyone who spent a lot of money as immature and unwise. She had a difficult time stitching the two pieces of cloth together. 6 Tanya knew her plans for the future @ would be difficult to achieve. did not have a lot of support. © were bound to be successful. D had the approval of all the family. ‘To ‘make a song and dance’ means to A become very angry. B enjoy going to parties. create a lot of fuss. D keep very quiet. Tanya told her father conversation. B she wasn't interested in his opinion on her future. © she knew she had made the correct decision. D she wasn't certain about her own abilities. ‘Complete the phrases with: 0,05, 9+", countless, fashion, needle, meticulous, outside, prestigious, troubled, deep, careful. outside world T deep sense troubled face 8 prestigious schools quiet determination 9 fashion designer needle and thread == 10 peer pressure " fine cloth 2 countless times careful instruction meticulous skill In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text, using some of these phrases. (See Answer Section) Speaking GEOM Do you think Tanya’s father was right in disagreeing with her career choice? Why do parents worry about the careers their children choose? Discuss in groups. (See Answer Section) Writing [ENNQ Spend three minutes writing about what career you would like to have in the future. (See Answer Section) mooute 5 | 131Js nie Vocabulary & Grammar | Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. 1 Keeping all our personal information in one place may cause nuisance/trouble/anxiety/problem. misslextract! 2 Can you show me how to delete/destroy this fle? 3. | don't know anything about his private/personall ividuallparticular history. 4 Looking for hidden objects is the centrallessentiall ‘explicitisolitary theme in a lot of online games. 5 John is quite able/capable/qualifiediefficient of fixing the computer himself. 6 There may soon be a device that can store every sidelaspect/section/feature of our lives on its hard drive. 7 Keeping personal information private is a delicate/tender/sensitive/soft issue. 8 Scientists have realised/detected/identified! tracked the problem and are working to solve it. 9 Many people refuselobject/dismissireject to the authorities having access to all thelr personal information. 10 New technology will open up endless/continuall unlimited/everlasting pos: © Word Power (attticial, fake, false, counterfeit) 2 Fill ine artifical, fake, false oF “counterfeits Complete the joke. Choose two phrases and make sentences using them. (Gee Answer Section) 1 counterfeit money, 2 false teeth, 3 artificial intelligence, 4 fake fur, 5 artificial limb, 6 false documents, 7 false modesty, 8 artificial colours AWhy are false teeth) ® Words often confused Choose the correct word. Dave forgotileft his jacket ~ he's just gone back to get it Remind/Remember me to call Mark later, will you? | need to take my watch to be restored! repaire Do you recall/remind the day we went to Preston Market? ‘Tom has remembered/memorised the phone numbers of all his friends. Scientists are doing researchlexamination into new ways of compressing data. Tom does not behaveltreat very politely to strangers. Lee's mum does not allowllet him to use the computer for more than 2 hours a day Whats that song? It sounds very known/familiar tome. She was unable to control/check her feelings. © Phrasal verbs Replace the words in bold with the phrasal verbs from the list below in their correct form. Check in Appendix I. look into + run into + call for * break down * put away | guess the situation needs immediate action. (calls for) “The project faced a few problems concerning funds. (ran into) His car stopped working and he missed an important meeting. (broke down) Scientists are investigating the possibility of ‘making the idea a reality. (looking into) “Can you please store all your books on the shelves and tidy your room?” she said. (put away) ‘© Emphatic structures GR p. 179 Fill in: shore oF There was a lot of information to remember. It was very difficult. les impossible to know what changes there will be to data storage in the future. ‘There's nothing we can do but wait. les time to upgrade our computer. There are some fantastic laptops available now. I's pity I couldn't come but there was nothing | could do about it.There's no point in trying to remember everything, Just get a diary and write everything in it It’s pointless trying to remind him ~ he forgets everything. There are a lot of people online and it overloads the server. Its probably going to be unsafe as there are a lot of ways for hackers to get into the system. There's so much you can do to improve your ‘memory if you think you are losing it. earl il, both, whole, either, neither, none, every. Identity theft increases more and more every year: ‘Neither of the two games was for a PC, so | didn't buy them. Sometimes | enjoy spending the whole evening playing video games. I had no money left as | had spent all of it at the arcade. None of the other three online players could beat my score, My PC came cordless keyboard. You could either write it down in your desk diary for enter it in your PDA. Listening & Speaking a) Which crimes can you see in the pictures: burglary, theft, picking pockets, drug dealing, robbery, shopliftin mugging, murder? Which are the most serious ones? both a cordless mouse and a (See Answer Section) b) (Os ENA How do you think we could help reduce crime? Listen to someone talking about the topic and make notes. pairs, use your notes to discuss whether or not you agree with the suggestions. (Gee Answer Section) Everyday English © Complaining {Use the language in the box to act out exchanges for the situations below, as in the example. (Gee Answer Section) stm omy ey avery Seppo! va + 'mafraid ... Could you ..? Elberta neece oreuit ‘Oh, dear! T don't know what to say. + Oh, I'm so sorry. Ill make sure it doesn'tiwon't happen again. 1 You bought a camera but its lens is broken. A: I'm sorry to say | am very disappointed with the camera I bought yesterday. B: What exactly is the problem? A: Its lens is broken, B: I'm so sorry. I'l see to it immediately 2. Your new computer keeps shutting itself down. 3. You were given a new watch but its glas is cracked 4 You bought a dress but it shrank when you washed it. ) Read the text. Complete gaps 1-10 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. Identity thefts a tertying experience for the victim, tt occurs when someone 1) legally LEGAL uses someone else's personal 2)identiicaton to obtain services in their IDENTIFY riame, They may even commit crimes wile ‘impersonating them! To make sue this does ‘at happen to you, there are a number of 3) protective measures you can take. Firsty, PROTECT make sure that you donot throw any 4)information away that someone could INFORM use to impersonate you. Shed all your important papers 5) especialy credit card SPECIAL receipts or any preapproved credit appications and other 6) financial © FINANCE information. Secondly, be 7) careful at cash CARE machines and make sure no one behind you can see your PIN number. Aso, never cary your bith 8) certficate, or passport wih you CERTIFY unless tis absolutely necessary. Never write down your 9) securty passwords or PIN SECURE numbers anywhere — 10) memorise them, MEMORY mopute 5 | 133interests; entertainment] ext eg eg Lead-in Describe the pictures. What do you think each person's lifestyle might be like? Talk about: (See Answer Section) not married/single, extended family, only child ete modern/traditional fat, cottage, penthouselete in the city centre/a fashionable district the countryside etc smart, fashion victim, casually dressed, unconventional, classy, well-dressed, fashion conscious ete playing sports/computer games, painting, going to concerts/art ibitions, clubbing, reading, watching TY, travelling etc primary/secondary/high school, university, degree in etc well-paid/poorly-paid, career, qualified etc easy-going, generous, quiet, reserved, fussy, independent, _generous, patient, hard-working etc ft seems to me that Peter is a... He's dressed in He may have « farnily... He seems to be .. He must live ... He may lke ‘What about you? What is your lifestyle like? Is there anything you would like to change? Tell your partner. (Gee Answer Section) Vm an only child and I ve with my parents in the cy centre. | go to secondary school! like casual clothes and enjoy playing computer games. | guess Imm an easygoing person 134] mooue s Listening ') Read the defini nanotechnology /;nzenavtek'noladsi/ U n= science of ‘making and working with things that can only be seen Using a powerful microscope How do you think this science might affect people's lifestyles? Listen and take notes under the headings below. Tell the class. (Gee Answer Section) + transportation * consumer products + environment * food + medicine RINE Read the article about nanotechnology. Choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps I-6.There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Then translate the first two paragraphs of the text into Russian.dangers. Imagine a world in which kitchens clean themselves, tiny brushes clean up pollutants in water, and minute robots move through the body seeking out and destroying cancerous tissue. If all this sounds like something from a 1960s science fiction movie, you should think again, [IC Scientists working in this new branch of technology see these ideas as only some of the possible applications of their research. There is even speculation that materials can be developed that will allow machines to repair themselves in much the same way that the human body does, [2B]. ‘Although the idea of using microscopic robots to fight disease is stil futuristic, nanotechnology is already being used by doctors. For example, magnetic nanoparticles have been given to patients suffering from certain cancers. These tiny metal balls concentrate in the body's unhealthy tissues, giving doctors a useful tool BL F]. ‘A. which prevents invasion by foreign bodies _Médeh tie words bald be B_ which would be an incredible development these meanings: quici\y, go ahead, © because itis a world that may not be far off area, fx, worries, tiny, looking for, D_ which will improve their fuel efficiency eric cere ee Answer Section] E which means an operation is necessary ‘ ; F which they can use to track the spread of the disease Listening & G that nanotechnology may be difficult to control pene oh Po 5, Complete the phrases with the words below. Use the t peas oe read ee ‘completed phrases fo 1raka sentences based on tive tax: gsc cntr ee hl (Gee Answer Section) Paring Fr fuel * biological * extreme * potential + foreign tewtttes afects ta * cancerous * fight + traditional * global natural nanotechnology would be. + environmental + science ___ GeeAnswer Section) 1 potential 5 fuel efficiency 9 environrmencal Writing : S$: Eee bodes ed 8 BEM Do you think 2 cancerous issue | 7 global warming | 10 extreme caution Taratechiglogy Wil change 3 science fiction 8 traditional HI ipeural barrier: people's lives? Spend three 4 tofight disease materials 12. biological minutes writing about the topic. membranes (See Answer Section) Nanotechnology, the technology of materials of microscopic size, is seen as Controversial by many. This article looks at some of the benefits — and potential Unfortunately, as with so many new ideas, itis not all good news. People are already expressing concerns (AG). tt has even been suggested that the world could rapidly be reduced to grey dust as the result of some disaster involving this new technology. Part of the problem is the fact that nanoparticles are minute. They are so small that they are readily taken up by the body. Normally, the skin acts as a natural barrier A]. However, nanoparticles are able to cross biological membranes and penetrate tissues and organs. Studies have already shown that nanoparticles can cause DNA mutation and the destruction of cals. Despite the fears, there are signs that nanomaterials can actively benefit the environment and help in the fight against global warming. They can also be used to improve the efficiency of traditional materials. For ‘example, a nanoparticle is being added to engines in buses in Britain [BID]. However, if we are to avoid another environmental catastrophe, then, as with most advances in technology, the message must be: ‘proceed with extreme caution.’ MODULE 5:VME Vocabulary & Grammar | Complete the text with the words/phrases in the list. + connected * download + crashes + delete * back up slogged + burn + plugs + virus takes the reader from the moment he 1) plugs in his computer paqnommsael tasks like recovering fies. it starts with an introduction to all the basic functions and explains in simple language how to 2) back up ‘your data, so it doesn't get lost if the computer 3) crashes, or it you accidentally 4) delete an important fle. it also has up-to-date information ‘about online services and step-by-step instructions for how to get 5) connected tothe Internet and useful sites to visit once you've 6) logged on. inno time at al, you will be able to 7) download files and instal software from the Net. Al the key skils that most users need to know such as how to 8) burn ‘a CD and what to do if your PC gets a 9) virus ae included. A must-have book for anyone thinking of buying a PC! -) Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. 1 The scanning machines at the airport should recognise/observel detect/note any suspicious materials. 2 Some clothes come prewashed, so they won't decrease/ diminish/lessen/shrink when they are washed. 3. Researchers have assembled/developed/generated/built a ‘material which can heal itself like human skin. 4. Some foods can help you winlgainilose/battle serious diseases. 5. Infectious diseases can extend/stretch/span/spread in many ways. 6 The centre provides information on how to reduce/chop/ shorten/cut back your risk of a heart attack, 7 The threat of discase is advancing/growinglexpanding/ ‘maturing as flood victims go without clean water for a week. 8 Industrial chemicals are hurtfullimpairing/harmful/ruining to the environment. 9 Make sure you assist/help/support/back your arguments with evidence from your notes. 136| mooue s Choose the correct word. Make sentences using the other option, (See Answer Section) Robots and computers are examples of artificial/false intelligence. New discoveries are made by experimenting/practising with things. Students have to carry out research! investigation as part of their science projects. He has a lot of electroniclelectric games and gadgets. Jack has always wanted to work in the computer industry/factory. Mr Jones said he would consider! think me for the post of research assistant. The match completed/resulted in a tie between the two squads. Rapid stepsidevelopments in technology have made our lives easier. He progressed/proceeded into the building with caution trying not to be seen. © Causative GR p. 181 Rewrite the sentences as in the example. Someone is organising a party for her. She is having a party organised for her. The doctor examined Tim's log. Tim had his leg examined The cleaner washed all the floors for them, They had all the floors washed. The technician has updated our computer. ‘We have had our computer updated. Her flowers will be delivered tomorrow. She is having her flowers delivered tomorrow.6 _ wre Nous Complete the sentences. Use have, 2et or make in the correct form. She insisted that we attend the meeting She made us attend the meeting His arm was broken in a skiing accident. He had his arm broken in a skiing accident. Vil ask Peter to fix the computer, Vl get Peter to fix the computer. My mum told me to tidy my room. My mum made me tidy my room. My teacher told me to complete the assignment. My teacher made me complete the assignment. Mike took his car to the garage to change the cil Mike had the oil changed at the garage. © Clauses (GR p. 182 ‘Choose the correct item. However/Despite the cost he decided to buy a new PC. In spite of the fact that/Despite she doesn't like him, she is nice to him. He took the bus, although/no matter it would have been quicker to walk. She knew the children weren't listening to her, despitelyet she kept on talking, I'm going to the party, even thoughiin spite of I'm tired Brillant though/although he may be at maths and science, he has problems with all the other subjects. Although/However hard he tries, he can't get a promotion, ‘She studied hard, despiteyet she didn't pass her test in: so, such or such a(n). ‘The sea was so rough that | got seasick. He ran so fast that we couldn't catch him. Ie was such 2 good film that we went to see it again. He is so generous that everybody likes him. ‘On such occasions itis necessary to dress smartly It was such bad weather that we stayed at home. te was such an unusual Tshirt that he bought it. © Prepositions Fill in the correct preposition. Check in Appendix Il. The new programme is already in use at universities and institutions throughout the world, O) RINE Read the text. onic He suffers from insomnia. Their decision resulted in disaster Chemicals are harmful to the environment. Could children in lower grades benefit from technology? 6 According to research, modified liver cells keep diabetes under control. 7 The seminar deals with research in various fields of nanotechnology. 8 Environmentally friendly products are in demand. ney taser Dhow oe ek For gaps 1-7, choose A,B,C or Dto complete each gap correctly. [oo cot 1 Most people dream of 1)... rich and famous, but is that what success is really about? It is a 2)..... that many people who have 3)..... fame and wealth are far less happy with their lives than most people would expect. ‘They worry constantly about their money and reputation and they are rarely satisfied with what they have. Singers may lose their popularity, athletes may get 4)..... and no longer be able to perform well and wealthy businessmen may lose their money by making risky deals or bad decisions. The best way to be happy with your life is to reconsider what happiness really is. We must realise that human 5)... and qualities are far more important than material things. A job, no matter how humble, which is done with interest and care is worth as much as instant fame. Being 6)..... to your family and having friends you can depend 7)... lso makes for a happy, successful life. These are the things that really count, and gle you the right to consider yourself a success. 1 @becoming B doing CC making —_D working 2 Areality @ fact ¢ truth D certainty 3 A.managed B succeeded ©)achieved _ D completed 4 A wounded @injured ¢ damaged D harmed 5 A standards ® values C nules —D laws 6 A next B beside € together @) close 7 Ato B for ©on D by Writing () EDI Spend three minutes writing about what happiness means to you. (Gee Answer Section) mooute s | 137OMe TAnmonoD> Lead-in Look at the pictures. What characterises modern life? Think about: + shopping * transport + food * communication + education + entertainment Discuss with your partner. Listening & Reading a) OO you are going to listen to some texts about modern life. Which innovations do you approve of b) RINE Read the text. Match the headings (A-H) to extracts I-7.Use each heading only once. There is ‘one extra heading you do not need to use.Then translate texts | and 6 into Russian. Grounded travellers Tempted to buy Network connections Cubicle for travellers Fast food network Internet exchange Secret messages Two in one Fill in: weather, Internet, tight. carrier, impulse, text, departure, complex, sleeping, unwanted. Make sentences about some aspects of modern living. 5 goods buying 7 6 compartments forums 7 bag conditions 8 tight bodger: 9 code abbreviations | 49 lounges 138) mooure s FORO WR Replace the words in bold in the sentences with: concept, sense, lure, nation in the correct form. ‘The idea of using natural sources of energy has been around for quite some time now. Email can°act as a very effective tool for quick, convenient communication, ‘The shop sold cloth in every colour and texture that you could ever imagineParents of teenagers often feel that they have to crack some kind of complex code in order to understand what their children are texting their friends. In a very real sense, they do! Teens know text language is a very effective way of keeping their parents in the dark about their conversations. Some text abbreviations are now part of everyone's text ‘vernacular - think LOL (laughing out loud) and CULAR (see you later). But others, like PAW (parents are watching) and LMIRL (let's meetin real life), are a way to KPC (keep parents clueless)! ye ee t any airport you can see people sleeping Con the seats in departure lounges and even on the floors. Weather conditions or mechanical problems can cause delays and then there are the stopovers. Many passengers cannot leave the airport and must simply wait it out. In Stockholm they have taken an old jumbo and tumed it into a hostel Parked on the edge of the airport, it provides basic. ‘accommodation in 25 rooms with shared facilities. [ZTE] Traditional person-to-person trading, which used to take place at flea markets, car boot sales and collectible ‘shows has been transformed through technology. Online auction sites like e-Bay, which appeared in the 1890s, have become a global phenomenon, From the beginning, they were designed o enable individuals to sell their own unwanted goods through online auctioning. Now a huge trading community has developed in which buyers and sellers are brought together on the Word Wide Web. Don't think of a supermarket as just a simple store. It's a place that uses calculated strategies to | lure you into purchasing items you had no intention of buying. The big chains spend millions of dollars each year researching just what will increase your impulse buying. This includes having the smell of ‘reshly baked bread hit you when you enter the store iin order to make you feel hungry, and spacing reguiarly-bought items across the entire store so that you need to pass by many tempting goodies in order to complete your shopping. ‘You may have seen them on TV of heard about them from a friend - capsule hotels in Japan are the ‘accommodation of choice for Japanese businessmen who have missed the last train back to the suburbs, or for travellers on a tight budget. They consist of tiny sleeping ‘compartments about 2 metres long, 1 metre high and 1 ‘metre wide that serve as one's ‘room’. You may want to try ‘one for a night just for the novelty, but don’t even think about staying in one if you are claustrophobic. [4TH] Fast food has become one of the great conveniences of modem life, but one would be hard pushed to call it a civilised eating experience. A new patented paper carrier bag invented by Advent Giobal Ge tounge al bat Called BreakAway, the bag has ‘detachable sheet of paper on ether side. These sheets become a small tablecloth when removed, providing a clean surface on which to lay out one’s food. easier, thanks to social media such as email, internet forums ‘and blogs. Meetings now take place between people who are scattered all over the world via Conference calls and video link- ‘ups without a second thought. Even the news is being brought tous by people capturing the moment on their mobile phones and sending ity MMS. laid out 4 The house was arranged in such a way that made i iti Ie very comfortable co ie Speaking & Writing 5 Ina Way | agree that we have far easier lives than |, Look at extract | again. Do you and your ‘our grandparents did. friends use text messaging? What do you pation like/dislike about it? What text 6 Inamodern democratic country, every person has fig Aas ects for ae lo at ny abbreviations do you use? Work in pairs lure and write down as many as you can. 7 TV advertisements are designed to tempt (Gecatener Section) consumers into buying products. 8 The dialect of the island was soft and rhythmic, (> EMENUA Spend three minutes writing about making it very pleasant to listen to. teenagers texting their friends. Read it to your partner. (See Answer Section) mooute 5 | 139)‘e ni¢ Vocabulary & Grammar” Choose the correct word. Then translate the sentences into Russian. What are you going to putiwear for the party? Does your dad wear a suitlcostume at work? Jack complimented/ congratulated Jane on her outfit. Iam knitting a cardigan with a floral pattern/plan on it. Jean always wears clothes in the latest tastelstyle I like to keep up with currentinew fashions. Jack cares a lot about his look! appearance and he spends a lot of ‘time and money on it She has a few items that have a designer labelimark. How do you usually wearldress at work? Kim wore a beautiful eveninginight gown to the bal, © Idioms related to clothes Choose the correct word to complete the idioms. What does each one mean? Are there similar idioms in your language? (See Answer Section) ‘You look great in that suit. It fits you like a sleeve/glove. Calm down and keep your jacket! shirt on! He's been promoted, but keep it under your hatleap until its official We'd better roll up our sleeves! trousers. There's a lot of work to be done. She wears the trousers/pyjamas in their house. | don't know what I do if | were in his shoes/sandals. 140] mooue s ‘Complete the text with words from the list. gonds sn ol088 Mt vere up sn9 for a = aitord = ook { gator ostlel® ager + Choose the look you want. Flick through magazines to see the latest 1) trends and choose a style that will suit your personality and 2) flatter your body. + Ifyou have any extra money, spend it on a few well-made 3) timeless items which will not go out of fashion like a tailored jacket or a pair of smart trousers. *+ If there are one or two ‘must-have’ pieces, such as a pair of 4) designer jeans or boots, that you cannot §) afford, ask for them as birthday gifts from your parents. + Shop for fashionable items at large retail 6) outlets, cheap chain stores or supermarkets. This way you can keep up with the trends and keep to a(n) 7) budget. + Think before you buy. Be specific about what you are 8) looking for. Don't buy something just because it’s cheap. It's not 9) worth it + Look in second-hand shops for cheap accessories or clothing items that you can use to 10) jazz up your wardrobe. + Swap or share clothes with friends to vary your 11) look . This works especially well with items you don’t wear very often. J. Complete the sentences with: 1A; Can | exchange this blouse if it's not the right size? B: Yes, madam. you can return a(n) purchase as long as the tags are still on it and you present the receipt. 2A; These normally retail for £55 but I'll let you have one for £30, ‘That's a great discount! I'll take two. Excuse me. Are these on sale? Yes, there's a 10% discount. PPP © Words often confused 5 Choose the correct word to fill each gap: Gatch) sunts > goes with) mt > 1 That hat really suits you. 2. I want to buy some shoes to match this bag. 3 This dress doesn’t fit. | can't fasten the zip. 4 utock gaa op ot wath at re6 © far, every, each, much, too, even, a bit any GR p. 184 Underline the correct item. This year skirts will be evenivery shorter. Sarah is very/much pleased with her new shoes. Tina was not muchivery happy when she realised she had missed the sale. This coat is much/too expensive for me to buy. She was much/very annoyed when she tore her new jacket. John has recently started looking muchivery more fashionable. | don't think there will be any farther/further price cuts this season. The dress was farimost shorter than she had expected, There will be further/farther sales at the end of summer. The shop assistant was even/most helpful. This shop is a bit/too cheaper than the other one. Can you wrap it very/a bit faster, please? I'm ina hurry. © Quantifiers (GR p. 184 Underline the correc m. There were muchilots offa little people at the shopping centre yesterday. | spend manyla_good deal offseveral time shopping, She has attracted a few/several/a lot of attention with her new look. I've bought a little/several/much books to take on holiday. ‘There was no/anyimany information about when the new shopping mall would open. Helen spends manyino/hardly any of her money on clothes. Sue has just spent a few/a little/a great deal of hours shopping online. Can you lend me severall/a few/some money to buy this bag, please? All/Little/Much of sales are final. No refunds or exchanges are offered. I've got a little/lots offmuch pairs of jeans but these are my favourite. 9 onie © Key word transformations Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. Jackie liked her new dress very much. pleased Jackie was very pleased with her new dress. The jacket was not nearly as expensive as he expected. far The jacket was far less expensive than he expected. Susie cannot afford to buy designer labels. too Designer labels are too expensive for Susie to buy. It costs far less to buy clothes from second-hand shops. much —_Itis much cheaper buying/to buy clothes from second-hand shops. Jane dresses very smartly now that she works in an office more Since she started working in an office, Jane dresses more smartly than she used to. There will be further reductions in prices next week. reduced Prices will be reduced further next week. The price includes the cost of delivery. included The cost of delivery is included in the price. Listening 6 Vs Liseen 0 three speakers talking about their favourite clothes shops. Which shop does each speaker prefer? Why? (Gee Answer Section) 10 Speaking & Writing a) [BINA Which is your favourite clothes shop? Why? Where do you go shopping for clothes? Why? Tell your partner. (Gee Answer Section) b) How do clothes change a person's appearance? Spend three minutes writing about the topic. (Gee Answer Section) mooute 5 | 144vd mug Listening Skills Listening Task 1 1 RNE O You'll hear a conversation between two friends. For statements |-7, decide if each statement is True, False or Not stated. Circle the answer you choose. You'll hear the recording twice. 1 James is tired of visting museums. 5. James would ike to buy some modern art. A True ® false © Not stated A True B False © Not stated 2. All the shops in Nevsky Prospekt are overpriced. 6 Katya thinks the day will be very tiring for them A True Fase Not stated both ' : 3. James doesn't want to buy presents from the shops aa By Fuente Net Sota in Nevsky Prospekt. 7 James is looking forward to telling his friends about ® Tue B Fase © Not stated his experiences. @ Tre B False C Notstated 4 Kavya recommends one of her favourite: music clubs to James. | @ Tue B False © Not stated SS 142| mooues2 > Listening Task 2 RNE +4 Po you wit hear six diferent speakers talking about their schooldays. Match the speakers (1-6) to sentences A-G. Use each sentence only once: There fs one extra sentence you do not need to use. | appreciate my veachers’ efforts to make learning. fun. B | feel education was a way to escape a difficult life I think teachers were too strict with the pupils. D | regret not paying more attention at school. E | realise | was given a chance available to few people. F I believe teachers should be better trained G understand why teachers were often strict with the pupil Speaker! | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 p[si[ela F Listening Task 3 o Ss rs istening 5 RINE 04 Fi You will hear an interview with a fashion designer. For statements I-7, choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. Patrick feels that wearing accessories ‘A. helps people to be unique B might make you look overdressed, © can improve the appearance of clothes ‘One thing Patrick enjoys about his work is A. selling expensive items. B_ owning his own shop. © working in two cities. Patrick thinks thac what helped make him famous was ‘A. working on a popular outdoor market stall ® getting an opportunity from a fashion magazine studying ata well-known fashion college Patrick prefers to use leather because @ it has many advantages. B itis a soft material itis a natural product. Alot of fashion designers are beginning to A. void man-made materials B make eco-friendly products. © stop using chemical dyes. 6 Patrick gets his inspiration ‘A from animals found in nature. B from his past studies in libraries. © from looking at the world around him. 7 Patrick s looking forward to @) working on designs for 2 popular shop. B creating costumes for a television compary. © taking a long holiday next month mooute s | 143Student A: Task 1 (@-3.5 minutes) Give a talk on the importance of fashion in teenagers’ lives. value for money large wardrobe make a good impression Remember to discuss: + how you and your social group dress showlexpress personality uniform practicality and economy looking good + whatiwho influences your style choices *+ how your style has changed as you have got older ‘+ what you think your style says about you You will have to talk for 1.5 - 2 minutes. Student B will listen until you have finished.Then he/she will ask you some questions. (See Answer Section) Questions for Student B: + Do you think young people are concerned about fashion? + Do you think designer labels are worth the price? Why/Why not? + Do you think people are judged on what they wear’/Do you judge people on what they wear? + Do you think girls or boys are targeted more by fashion companies? Why’ + Do you think fashion nowadays is original or does it just recycle old ideas} + Do you think celebrities influence teen style? (See Answer Section) P+ sen mode answer Win: deste speaker sy about tr personal syle and what, does he think about designer clothes? (See Answer Section) Task 2 (3-4 minutes) You and a friend have been asked to choose a special event for Carnival Week at your school. You can choose from: + a costume making workshop + amusic concert + a talk on international festivals + a dance competition Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both prefer the most. You begin the conversation. Student B will play the part of your friend. (See Interlocutor Card 6) (See Answer Section) tv Listen toa model answer What do the speakers decide on inthe end and what reasons do they give! (See Answer Section) 144) MODULE 5onic Speakiny Skill: Student Task 1 (3-35 minutes) Give a talk on the ways in which technology makes our lives better. Jr Internet communication keep in touch text messages entertainment + online + what type of technology you use every day and what you use i for satellite TV mobile phones + the importance of instant information access (the Internet) Remember to discuss: + the benefits of instant communication from anywhere in the world (mobiles, Internet) + how your life differs from that of your parents/grandparents when they were young You will have to talk for 1.5~2 minutes. Student A will listen until you have finished. Then he/she will ask you some questions. (See Answer Section) | Questions for Student A: of the Internet? + Do you think it is a good idea for very young children to have a mobile phone? Why/Why not? + Do you think there are any negative health consequences of Using technology? + Do you think children need to learn mental arithmetic and spelling skills now that computers can perform these tasks? + Do you think technology is making us more or less impatient? Why/Why not? (See Answer Section) | + Do you think people are becoming more or less sociable because OP Listen to a model answer. What does the speaker use the Internet for? (See Answer Section) Task 2 (2-4 minutes) ‘You and a friend have been asked to organise a special event for Science & Technology Week at your school. You can choose from: + a visit toa science museum + a tour of the local planetarium + atalk on robotics by a researcher + a discussion with scientists from the university Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you both prefer the most. You begin the conversation. Student A will play the part of your friend. (See Interlocutor Card 7) (Gee Answer Section) Remember to: + discuss all the options *+ give good reasons + be polite + find out about your friend's opinions and take + take an active part in the conversation ‘them into account + come up with ideas * invite your friend to come up with suggestions Ps Listen toa model ansver What do the speakers decide on in the end and what reasons do they ge! (Se Anower Sector) en Kener mooute s | 145Writing: Argumentative Expressing Opinions Use the introduction and conclusion to express your own personal opinion. Use phrases such as in my opinion and I believe rather than the more emotional I think. Always include examples and reasons in order to support your opinion. Introduction | Para | Introduce the subject and state your | opinion clearly | Main Body* Para2 First viewpoint with reasons! examples Para3 Second viewpoint with reasons! examples | Para4 Opposing viewpoint and reason/ | examples Conclusion | Final para Restate your opinion, using different words *The number of main body paragraphs depends ‘on the number of viewpoints included. a) Read the rubric and then the model. What is each paragraph about? Which paragraphs contain the writer’s opinion? (See Answer Section) You have had a class discussion on how travel affects people's outlook. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay on whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Travel broadens the mind, Write your e b) List the writer's viewpoints. What reasons does he use to support them? Complete the table. (See Answer Section) Viewpoints Reasons 146] mooue 5 Tiians 10 package deals and budget airlines, more people have the opportunity to travel abroad these days. In my opinion, travelling abroad broadens the mind by giving us an understanding of the culture, language and cuisine of other countries. In the first place, we can learn about the local culture, traditions and history when visiting another country. Going to museums, cultural events and festivals when on holiday can give us a unique insight into how the people live and the history of their country In addition, trying another cuisine can expand our knowledge about food and we can , discover new and enjoyable tastes. We can also learn about new ways of cooking as well as unusual or speciality dishes. On the other hand, some people do not take advantage of the opportunities that travel abroad offers. Instead of getting out and meeting the locals, they stay in their resort, mix only with other tourists and eat the same food they would have at home. They do not give themselves the chance to expand their knowledge about a new culture by listening to the native language and music, visiting traditional sights or trying local food In conclusion, it seems to me that travel can offer a wealth of new experiences. I believe we should make the most of any travel experience and use it to expand our knowledge of other people and other cultures.-) Use the language in the table to write sentences, as in the example. (See Answer Section) My opinion is that . ‘As far as | am concerned, 1 strongly «| * (completely) agree that/ In my opinion’ with .. views. | (strongly) disagree that! The way I see it,... | with Itseemslappears. | + | am totally against . to me (that) . | couldn't agree more To my mind, thatiwith | (do not) agree | couldn't disagree more thatiwith ... thatiwith .. Lam totally opposed to .. 1 welhelp/poor “their lives be easier | strongly believe that we should help the poor. If we were to do this, then their lives would be easier. 2 all students/study/abroad “PD improve language skills 3. people/have vegetarian diet “ be healthier 4. childrerViearn/foreign languagelin preschool become fluent quicker 5 welall use/public transport “® pollution be reduced 4) Read the topic sentences and suggest suitable supporting ones. (See Answer Section) 1 Tourism has a number of disadvantages. 2 Too much money is spent on space exploration when we still have people dying from hunger. © Giving opposing viewpoints | Use the useful language in the box to write full sentences. (Gee Answer Section) On the other hand .. Alternatively .., it can be | argued that _ Nevertheless © bewer education/deter peoplelfrom crime @© people argueleducation/necessaryiget a well-paid job © ban cars from city centre/not help reduce pollution levels © some people argue/computers/make our lives easier 2 One Writing: Argumentative © Read the rubrics. What do you have to write for each? What would you include in each paragraph? Choose one rubric and write your essay. End it with a quotation. (Gee Answer Section) Comment on the following statement: ‘Many people say that young people shouldn't watch so much television because itis a waste of time and promotes violence. However, others insist that this is wrong because television is in fact very ‘educational. What is your opinion? Does television harm young people or is it mostly beneficial? Write 200-250 words. Comment on the following statement: Increasing pollution and trofic congestion means that life in towns and cities these days has become very unpleasant. Some people believe that cars should be banned in urban centres and people should use public transport. However, others believe ths is impractical and unnecessary. What is your opinion? Is it right to impose such conditions on urban residents? Write 200-250 words Before you give your essay to your teacher, check for the followin, CHECKLIST FoR ARGUMENTATIVE Essays Does your piece of writing follow a specific plan? Does your introduction state the topic clearly? Have you used a different paragraph for each point you make? Do the main body paragraphs start with a topic sentence? ‘Are there supporting sentences to justify your points? Does the conclusion summarise the main points? Have you used an appropriate style? + Have you used advanced vocabulary? + Have you used appropriate linkers to connect ideas? + Are your points presented in sequence? *+ Have you used a quotation’ + Are there any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes? mooute 5 | 147OMe Writing: Argumentative Providing Solutions to Problems Alter stating the problem and why it arose, mention that there are also several possible solutions. Discuss each suggestion in turn and include any expected results or consequences. Use the concluding paragraph to decide which option will give the best results and explain ‘hy this is the case, You may also be asked to write a letter (e.g. to the editor of a newspaper) providing solutions to problems. In this case, use an appropriate greeting/ending and use formal style. Introduction Para! State the problem, and/or the possible cause(s) Main Body Paras 2-4* Suggestions and results/consequences Conclusion Final para Summarise your opinion “The number of main body paragraphs depends on the umber of suggestions you want to make. | Read the rubric and then the model. List all suggestions and possible results/consequences. (See Answer Section) You have had @ class discussion about the negative effects of | tourism on your town, Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay based on the following question: Our town suffers from the negative effects of tourism. What are they and how can they be solved? Write your essay. ur town is very popular with tourists, especially in summer. Unfortunately, tourism has had some negative effects on our town. We have a number of problems, such as liter, trafic congestion and a lack of car parks. One possible solution to the litter problem would be to install more itter bins along popular streets and in busy shopping areas. This would be a quick and cheap solution. Furthermore, we could also pay our road sweepers overtime to work extra hours during the tourist season. This ‘would be more expensive but would also help solve the problem. {As forthe problem of traffic congestion, one solution would be to set up a park-and-ride scheme. This way tourists and locals could leave their cars outside the town and use a specially provided bus service. This would be relatively simple to set up and would provide a long-term solution. ‘Another suggestion would be to build a multi-storey car park in the town | __ centre to alleviate the problem of parking during busy periods. This would | be costly but would help ease the parking problem. "To sum up, there are a number of possible solutions to our town's problems caused by tourism. However, | believe the best solutions would be to increase the number of iter bins in the busiest areas and to initiate a par-and-ide scheme to ease trafic congestion and parking problems. 148) MODULE 5 ‘To make suggestions: ‘A useful suggestion would be to .. * SeepelMansures should be tale in order to solve/deal with .. Another way to ...is/would be to The situation could be improved if by ../lt would help if youlweletc .. It would be a good idea iffto .. To present results and consequences: + This would ../Then, + By doing this, youlwefetc would +f... the result would be + The effecticonsequence/result of .. ‘would be .wlin this way, .. To begin a letter: + After reading your article in Thursday Daily News etc about ...! would like to suggest some possible solutions to the problem. -)_ a) Match the suggestions to their results. Getting a Good Night's Sleepb) Use appropriate linking words/phrases to write sentences, as in the example. (See Answer Section) 1-4 A useful suggestion would be to go to bed at a regular time. This way, your body clock will take over. 3 Use the ideas below and appropriate linking words! phrases to write supporting sentences for the paragraphs that follow, as in the example. | A. + walkiwelllit areas/wich group of friends/at night + avoid/using/mobile phone in | public To begin with we should make sure that we do not make ourselves easy targets for muggers. For example, a useful suggestion would be to walk in well-it areas with a group of friends at night. (See Answer Section) |B + they/look forisuitable | vacancies on your behalf + look in newspapers/Internet/ ask friends/for vacancies Secondly it would be a good idea to join an employment agency. (See Answer Section) w Discuss & Write Go through the following rubrics and identify what each ‘one asks for. Discuss the plan for each essay and then write any two of them.Write in the appropriate style. (See Answer Section) 1 Chitdren and young teenagers should not be allowed a mobile phone. Do you agree? Write an essay for your teacher (200-250 words). 2 Your teacher has asked you to write an essay based on the uestion: What can we do to protect animals from becoming extinct Write an essay on this subject (200-250 words). 3° Comment on the following statement: Mary people believe thatthe Intemet has changed our ves forthe better. Others, however, point out that t also has disadvantages. \What do you think? What are the pros and cons of the internet? Wie 200-250 words. 4 Read the extract from the newspaper article below, then write a latter to the editor suggesting solutions to the problem described, It realy seems as if environmental problems in our town are {getting worse and worse. There is graft and litter everywhere, you can hardly breathe in the town centre because of all the pollution from cars and the river is becoming more and more polluted because of the factories emptying chemicals into i The council must ac, perhaps by introducing some new laws and finding ways to get the whole town involved in cleaning up the town. Last year’s clean-up day in Norton Park, for example, was a great success, $0 Write 200-250 words. 5 Comment on the following statement ‘Most countries consider tourism essential. On the other hand, ‘some people believe that it can have serious negative effects. What is your opinion? Is tourism mosti ? ly good or bad for a country? a Write your essay (200-250 words). Exchange essays with a partner. Your partner checks your writing against the checklist on p. 147. Make any necessary changes to your essays. mooute 5 | 149Across Cultures | What characteristics make a person a hero? Choose from the list below. Justify your answers. + bravery + intelligence + wealth humour + kindness + selfishness + generosity * jealousy + determination (See Answer Section) .) Inwhich sense do you think the people in the pictures are heroes? Discuss with your partner. Read through to find out. (See Answer Section) 4 RIVE Read text A and complete gaps 1-6 with the correct derivative of each word in capitals. RIVE Read text B. For gaps 1-7, choose A, B, C or D to complete each gap correctly. OW Listen as you read the texts again and answer the questions on each of them. (See Answer Section) wn Text A 1 Where does Professor Roshal work? 2. What made the professor decide to become a pediatrician? 3 What qualities does the professor think a doctor should possess? Text B 1 What did Sir Attenborough create? 2 What hobby did he have as a child? 3. Why is he concerned for our grandchildren’s future? 150| wooue s ay Lae Sa a, AA DRT: AMD (ee CI) ‘World-famous Professor Leonid Roshal, whose 1) reputation continues to grow as the years pass, is truly a modem hero His many prestigious tiles and awards indude Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Director of the Moscow Research Institute of Child Surgery and Traumatology and President of the 2) national Charity Fund set up to help child victims of disasters and catastrophes, Leonid Roshal recalls that from the time he was @ small boy, he knew that he would grow up to become a doctor. After finishing 3) secondary school, he entered a medical institute where he decided to join the pediatric faculty partly due to his love for children. Upon graduating, however, he realised that he wanted to continue his studies and went on to become @ paediatric surgeon Professor Roshal believes it takes a special kind of person to be a doctor He thinks that a doctor should act 4) professionally at all times, but they must also be, above all, kind and caring. In spite of hs very heavy workload as the director of the Moscow Research Institute, Professor Roshal still devotes incredible amounts of time to his patients both as a medical doctor and a surgeon. Of all the honours that Professor Roshal has received 5) throughout his career, he insists that the title of ‘Children’s Doctor of the World’, bestowed on him in 1996, has pleased him the most. Running a close second, he says, is the 6) decoration he was awarded for serving society, the Honorary Civil Order Golden Cross. PROFESSIONAL6 1 2 3 4 5 Over the last 50 years, Sir David Attenborough has explored and explained virtually every aspect of life on planet Earth. His autobiography, Life on Air, follows a 1)... in which he invented the 2)....... television wildlife programme and became one of the world’s best known broadcasters and naturalists. Attenborough spent his childhood collecting fossils, stones and other natural specimens. His fascination with nature continued and 3)....... him to study geology and zoology at Cambridge. “The natural world is the greatest source of excitement, visual beauty and intellectual interest,” he says. Sir David was also the first presenter 4)....... prime time television to address humanity's impact on the planet. In the last few years, Attenborough has become increasingly outspoken in 5)....... of environmental causes. “It's a moral question about whether we have the right to exterminate species and leave a world that is poorer than the one we inherited.” He asks, “Are we happy to imagine that our grandchildren may never be able to see an elephant 6)...... in a picture book?" However, Sir David has a positive outlook on the future, “I think there will be radical changes,” he explains, “but | don't think the natural 7)... will be reduced to rats and cockroaches, nor do | think that the plant world will be reduced to some kind of desert.” 1A poston B occupation ¢ job D career 2 A stylish B tashionale © modem — Bnew 3A made @® led © took D pointed 4A tr @on Cat Do 5 ® support B help assisimce D care 6 A apat Bust ©ercept —d only Match the words in bold to their meanings. TA pianet B eath = @ word (See Answer Section) D creation sawarded + took over + ecologists + department ‘effect + dedicates + drastic + academic nerast th in the + relating to children = tragedies * certainly Hie Sonrare ond coneras’ es Perr texts. In what ways are they similar or viet: 1) aid rosie prevencers|cneetly different? Why are they considered to be slimpracsiya “neatly shejbest heroes? (Gee Answer Section) Fill int book, small, modern, prime, natural, every. - pec poss coninue.owyMake sentences «ICT With your partner, find more based on the text using the phrases. information (from encyclopaedias or the (Gee Answer Section) Internet) about the life and achievements of another renowned scientist. Report your to continue studies | 6 modern hero findings to the rest of the class. Using natural world 7 small boy information from your research, write a picture book 8 best known short article about the scientist you have chosen. (See Answer Section) world. famous 9 prime-time every aspect 10 atall times mooute s | 151Look at the picture. When do you think the novel is set? Read the biography to find out. (See Answer Section) Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) was born in Russia and was an author and a scientist. He wrote science- fiction, popular fiction as well as short stories and essays. Many of his books are set in the future and feature robots. His novels The Caves of Steel (1954) and The Naked Sun (1957) combined science- fiction and detective stories. The Caves of Steel is about humans and robots living together in the future. Elijah Baley, or Lije, is a detective trying to solve a crime with his robot partner, R Daneel Olivaw. Baley’s boss has called him into his office to talk to him, Read the extract and put the events in the order that they happen. Check your answers with your partner. 4 The boss describes how life used to be. | Baley’s boss shows him a feature of his office. 6 The boss warns Baley that he hhas bad news. 5 Baley is impatient to know what the boss wants to tell him, 2 The boss tells Baley of his broken glasses. 3 They notice the rain outside. 152] mooute 5 RINE Read the text again and choose the correct parts of the sentences (A-G) to complete gaps I-6. There is one extra part of a sentence you do not need to use. Fill ins «Make sentences of your own using the phrases. (See Answer Section) 1 exposed to the outside 3. displayed a kind of pride world 4. dropping from the sky 2. stared at him in mild 5 admit to himself a_poe 6 separated from nature Use a dictionary to explain the words in bold. (See Answer Section) Explain the underlined phrases in your own words. Then translate the last two paragraphs of the text into Russian. (See Answer Section)eg The boss smiled. “I had this arranged specially last year, Lije. I don’t think I've showed it to you before. Come over here and take a look. In the ld days, all rooms had things like this. They were called ‘windows’. Did you know that?” Baley knew that very well, having viewed many historical novels. “I've heard of them,” he said. “Come here,” said the boss. Baley squirmed a bit, [1[C]. There was something strange about the privacy of a room being exposed to the outside world. Sometimes the boss was over the top with his affection for the past. Like with his glasses, Baley thought. ‘That was it! That was what made him look wrong! Baley said, “Pardon me, Boss, but you're wearing new glasses, aren’t you?” The boss stared at him in mild surprise, took off his glasses, looked at them and then at Baley. Without his Against his will, Baley had to admit to himself that he was impressed. In his forty-two years he had rarely seen rain, [4 |B]. He said, “It always seems a waste for all that water to come down on the city. It should limit itself to the reservoirs.” “Lije,” said the boss, “you are too modern. That's your trouble. In the old days, people lived in the open. I don’t mean on the farms only. I mean in the cities, too, Even in New York. When it rained, they didn’t think of it as waste. They liked it. They lived close to nature. It's healthier, better. The troubles of modern life come from being separated from nature. Read up on the Coal Century, some time.” Baley had, He had heard many people moaning about the invention of the nuclear reactor. He ‘moaned about it himself when things went wrong, JA]. Moaning like that was normal in human glasses, his round face seemed rounder [2]E]. He looked confused, too, as his eyes couldn't focus properly. He said, “Yes.” He put his glasses back on his nose, then added with real anger, “I broke my old ones three days ago. What with one thing or another I wasn’t able to replace them until this morning. Lije, those three days were awful.” “On account of the glasses?” Baley asked. “And other things, too. I will tell you about that.” nature, Back in the Coal Century, people ‘moaned about the invention of the steam engine. In one of Shakespeare's plays, a character moaned about the invention of gunpowder. A thousand years in the future, they'd be moaning about the invention of the human-robot brain. He said, grimly, “Look, Julius.” (It wasn't normal for him to be so friendly with the boss at work, however many times the boss called him ‘Lije’, 6[G]. “Look, Julius, you're talking about He turned to the window [3/F). With mild shock, Baley realised it was raining. For a minute, he was lost in the sight of water dropping from the sky, while the boss displayed a kind of pride as though the phenomenon was something he'd arranged. “This is the third time this month I've watched it rain, Amazing, don't you think?” a) (Vs seen a8 you read the text again. What do you think the boss wants to tell Baley? Write a few sentences about this and read them to your partner. (See Answer Section) +) OP» Listen to the next section ofthe story. Were any of your ideas right? (Gs' own answers) a) Use some ideas from the text to explain how life used to be in the ‘old days’. (Gee Answer Section) Every room had windows. everything except what I came in here for, and it’s worrying me. What is it?” The boss said, “I'll get to it, Lije. Let me do it my way. It's it's trouble.” “Sure. What isn’t on this planet? More trouble with the Robots?” “In a way, yes, Lije.” ‘or when he got tired o> ‘or any of the phenomena of nature, for that matter but did as he was told but realised his mistake and his chin alittle more pronounced and so did Baley but something special was called for here Onmoo b) [ZINM In three minutes, write a few sentences about what the future world that Baley and Julius live in is like. Use some of the ideas from the text and your own ideas. Read it to your partner. (Gee Answer Section) mooute 5 | 153Pity EATERS Many of the electrical appliances we use in the home 1) vn. huge amounts of energy. Ths is made worse by the 2)..... that most of them are not energy efficient. Water and heating boilers, for example, are the worst culprits. Another energy guzzler is our fridge-freezer, as it is working 24/7*. In fact, everything we use in our home, from the television to the washing machine, is using much more electricity than is necessary. So when you buy a new apoliance, 8) ..» the labeling to find out how eneroy efficient the product is - even your light bulbs! An energy efficient ight bulb is much cheaper to use and 4) twelve times longer than a standard one. You can save up to 30% on your electricity 5)... by using energy efficient appliances * twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Have you ever seen the label in the picture before? Where might you see it? What kind of information is contained in the label? What do you know about ‘energy eaters’? (See Answer Section) Read the article. For gaps 1-12 choose A,B, C or D to complete each gap correctly. 1s Listen to the toxe What did you learn about the topic from the text? What else would you like to know? (See Answer Section) 154] mooute s In a bid to save up to 20% on energy use, the European Commission is bringing in some tough new regulations. Manufacturers will be 6)... to make their products more energy efficient. One area that has been especially targeted is the massive energy waste from appliances that have a standby mode — lke TVs and DVDs —and other electrical goods that use electricity even when they're not in 7)... . Also, there will be more information 8)..... on exactly how energy efficient or not electrical appliances are. The measures could save up to €100 bilion by 2020. So, what do consumers need to know? Have you ever 9).... your mobile phone charger plugged in even after you've recharged your phone? It you touch it, it wil be warm. This is because it's stil using electricity, just like your TV and DVD. when they're on standby. Leaving things plugged in, or switched on while you're not using them, is 10)... you money and wasting energy. UN iat By using energy efficient electrical goods and turning them off ‘and unplugging them, we can help to 11) carbon ‘emissions which cause climate 12) So, go on ~ save yourself a lot of money and help save the planet as well 1 @ eatup B fri 2@er oman gue” Dn 3A notice B investgate regard D aan 4 A remains Beeps © lasts D 5 @ bills B charges receipts net 5 Breqired —B needed —¢ wanteg D Ts Fe eco _ use © work D action aie ie avaiable Chandy =D. spare eolected —B omitted = — © jot D overt 10 A making B amounting © costing D ee "1 @reduco —B remove. divide D ieee 12 A variation change © difference a ICT In groups, collect information on how we can save energy. Make a presentation in class. You can visit this, | website: http//www.energystar.gov. (See Answer Section)in: ‘As a member of the theatre club you can get a discount on the price of tickets. The witness couldnit recall the exact time of the incident. | don't like the taste of artificial sweeteners in my coffee, so | prefer to use sugar The doctor told her she would benefit from taking vitamins. The police have decided to discount the accusations against the politician. Hf none of your clothes fit you, perhaps you should try to lose some weight. My husband is so forgetful that | have to remind him to take his medicine every day. | don't know why she bought that dress because it really doesn't suit her. Ht he doesn't learn to behave himself at school, he will be expelled. She isn't interested in fashion trends as she has her ‘own style. ( Poines: _ \10x2 2} ‘Complete the sentences. Choose the correct clause. No matter how/How much hard | try. can’t seem to install this programme. Despite the fact thatlIn spite of she cant type, she can use a computer. ‘Smartly dressed althoughithough he may be at work, at the weekends it’s a different story. However/Despite the rain, we had a great time shopping in town. She played the game for hours, although/no ‘matter she should have gone to sleep. ( Points: __\ (Fw) Fill in: (or such a The dress was so expensive Jane couldn't afford to buy it Ie was such a good video game that he played for hours. ‘On formal occasions such as balls and dinner parties, you should dress smardy. Fe was such a pretty skirt, she decided to buy it. Held spent so much time on the computer that his, eyes were tired ina (sx3 15) Progress Check 5 Fill in: le Tina ran into Bob when she was shopping. 2 He looked into the problem with the computer. My car broke down on the way to work this morning and I was an hour late for the meeting, 4 Can you help me put away the bags? ‘The situation is not good and calls for immediate action. (Poin: —_ (SF) Rewrite the sentences in the causative. The doctor is examining his chest. He's having his chest examined by the doctor. 2 They arranged for medical supplies to be sent to the village. They had medical supplies sent to the village. He asked Al to collect his mail while he was away. He had his mail collected by Al while he was away. ‘Someone painted their house last Monday. They had their house painted last Monday. He'll ask the porter to carry his luggage. He will have his luggage carried by the porter. ( Poincs: —_ \sx3 15} Complete each sentence using the words in bold. Use two to five words. Although he had been on a computer course, he couldn't fix the problem with his PC. despite He couldn't fix the problem with his PC despite having been on a ‘computer course. 2. There will be more rain next week. even _It will be even wetter next week. Ie costs a lot more to buy designer clothes. much — It is much more expensive to buy designer clothes. 4/ There was a lot of shopping to carry and | needed some help, so There was so much shopping to carry that I needed some help. ‘The day was so warm that we went to the beach such It was such a warm day that we went to the beach Poin: _ (Ss) { My score: ___\ \ te, + talk about free-time activities, shopping and clothes, technology & science + express complaints, apologise + give my opinion on a topic + write an argumentative essay Now I can ... in English mooute 5 | 155156 Reading - Part 1 Module 5 00.5 0 RNE Match the headings (A-H) to extracts |-7.Write your answers in the table. Use each heading only once. There is one extra heading you do not need to use. A An occasional pleasure B Simple safety measures © Weather photography D Opportunity for designers the world’s top fashion designers don’t just create glamorous clothes for the rich and famous. Bruce Oldfield has designed uniforms for workers at the fast food chain McDonald's, as well as the kit for Norwich City Football Club. Also, the Italian police wear uniforms designed by Armani and the staff of the French national airline are dressed by Christian Lacroix. @® One of the great joys of childhood is riding a E_ Fast food roots F Unique shapes G Designers in unexpected places H_ Lessons in safety bicycle, but with high levels of traffic on most roads these days, parents often worry if it's a good idea to let their kids have one. Fortunately, most local councils run courses on road awareness for children, which will teach them all the do's and don'ts of riding a bike on the road. he was playing cards. ® Young designers hoping to gain recognition in the littering world of high fashion are putting their creations on the catwalk later this month at the city’s Arts Centre. The top executives of some of the biggest fashion companies will be there on the lookout for new talent to employ. @the home is a dangerous place. Accidents in the home result in 3 milion people in the UK paying a visit to the hospital every year. The most common type of accident is a fall, and ordinary household items are often involved. Slippers, flowerpots and even tissue paper have been blamed for thousands of injuries. But using just a litle common sense can prevent most mishaps from occurring ® Ina world where everyone is on the go, lunch is often a slice of pizza or a burger. But if you think that grabbing a bite to eat is a modern convenience, think again. One of the most popular quick meals, the sandwich, dates back to the 18th century. It is said that the 4th Earl of Sandwich came up with the idea of putting cooked meat between two slices of bread so that he could eat while © Fast food comes in for a lot of bad press. It’s © A book that would make a lovely present is Snow Crystals by photographer Justin Eliot. Eliot has captured hundreds of snowflakes on flm seconds after they fell to the ground. The pictures show the beautiful intricate pattern of each snowflake. Although most snowflakes have six sides they all have their own individual crystal pattern. They are a delight to look at. Unhealthy, we eat too much of it and too many people have forgotten how to cook properly because of it. But, even though all this may be true, there is still something to be said in its favour. As a treat, once in a while,a fast food meal in front ofthe ‘TW after a hard day’s work is just the ticket! MODULE 5Use of English - Part 1 Part 2 Read the text and complete gaps I-7 with Read the text and complete gaps 1-6 with the correct form and tense of each ver the correct derivative of each eee word In capitals. GOMUETEMOrn GIO EtG Business at the garage was booming so Mr Owen 1) decided to employ another DECIDE ‘mechani, There were three mechanics atthe Flags are believed to have been invented moment but they couldn't keep up withthe by the ancient Indians or the Chinese earhicid: They were 1) originally used mainly in ORIGIN “Ihave to call the local employment agen” he warfare as a means of identification or for Sia ftesteatciR Tisai areas leet signaling. Because the flags were Tspedy adhere 2) Sette tadertin designed fo en 2) ecognion fom 8 RECOGNISE ; e ee istance, they did not use wording a! ear om oe eae a had simple patterns. The two sides of the Hy flag were always the same. In Europe, the 3) were sent by the agency The last candidate first ‘national’ flags appeared in the Middle ‘was ten minutes late arriving and Mr Owen was ‘Ages. Many of the 3) leaders of that time becoming impatient. “Im so sory Tm te chose the flag of their patron saint to ‘Would you believe if My car broke down” she represent their country. By the 14th gasped as she 4) burst through the office door century, flags were also being used as Mr Owen was speechless.The girl was tiny and symbols for 4) organisations and guilds. © ORGANISE she looked so young. "5) Have you done DO |) Overthe centuries, the flag has developed (you) ths kind of work before?” Mr Owen asked many special uses. A ship will host a hen “le can be quite strenuous, you know” He | [P| yellow fiag to wam others that someone on realised thatthe girl 6) was holding out her HOLD | ff | board has an 6) infectious disease, and a resumé for him to take. He quickly read it and | JD) white fag is used all over the world as a ‘couldn't help 7) being impressed. She was IMPRESS. ‘signal for a truce. ‘The Jolly Roger’ ~ the actually twenty-ive and had excellent name given to the flag traditionally used by references, pirates - shows a skull above two long ‘bones in a crossed 6) arrangement Part 3 Read the text. For gaps I-7, choose A, B,C or D to complete each gap correctly. Caring for your house plants Generally, indoor plants ill flourish with the minimum of care. The most 1)... mistakes that owners make i to water their plants too frequently, The root ofa plant will rot and the plant will eventually de iit is given too much water. A good way t0 2) .. ‘whether a plant needs watering is to push your finger about an inch into the soil to 3)... if itis dry. Most indoor plants require a degree of humidity. Unfortunately, modem central heating systems can sometimes 4)... the | atmosphere very dry, but there are ways to increase the humidity in your house. Placing plants on trays filled with damp gravel, or simply grouping them together can 8)... You can also spray the plants once or twioe a day with water, using 2 mist sprayer ‘Some species of plants, such as cacti thrive in direct sunlight, whereas others, like the aspidstra, prefer low levels of fi In fact, the aspidistra is sometimes 6) .. to as the cast-iron plant, as it is one ‘of the toughest varieties of house plants. ‘Your plants wil also need feeding regularly throughout the ]—,—>-5 spring and summer months. There are a couple of simple > (m) ea a B standard © common D regular rules that apply to feeding. The food for plants that are 3 Giny z estimate C inspect D examine grown primarily for ther foliage needs to be high in 4 ayo” gp Cok © see D watch nitrogen, usually indicated on the contaner)...theletter § @® help B aid © make Dead SN’, For flowering plants, look for ‘K20" which denotes pokes ae © assist —D support B high levels of potash. 7 A from a S rd 8 wom y monute 5 | 157Listening - Part 3 You'll hear a cyclist talking. For statements 1-7, choose A, B or C to complete each statement correctly. You will hear the recording twice. The speaker did not cycle eight years ago because A. cyclists had to wear face masks. B) there was too much traffic on the roads. € there were too many couriers on the roads. Cycle couriers were widely used because B they were able to negotiate heavy traffic. B they were not concerned about air pollution. © they were trusted to carry official paperwork. The fastest way to travel across London is A by bicycle. B by motorbike. © by underground train, ‘The Congestion Charge was intended to B reduce the number of cars. B stop cars parking in the city. € increase the number of cyclists. ‘The speaker bought himself a bicycle because A he wanted to use the new cycle routes. @ he realised that the hazards of cycling had been reduced. © he thought that he would be able to reduce his, travelling time. The speaker began by cycling to work ® on alternate days. B only at weekends. around his neighbourhood. The reader is most pleased with A his swimming B his reduced journey time. © his increased level of fitness. 158] wooute s Speaking - Part 2 Task 2 2-4 minutes) You and your friend have been asked to choose the entertainment event for the last day of school. You can choose from: + a talent show + a musical + a poetry reading +a film nighe Discuss the options with your friend and choose the one you would like to be responsible for. (See Answer Section) Remember to: * discuss all the options * be polite + take an active part in the conversation + explain the situation * give good reasons * find out your friend's attitudes and take them into account + invite your friend to come up with suggestions *+ come to an agreement (Gee Interlocutor Card 8) Writing - part 2 You have 40 minutes to do this task. ‘Comment on the following statement: ‘More computers are being introduced into the classroom. However, children are already spending too much time in front of computer screens, and it 's having a negative effect on their health. ‘What is your opinion? What alternative do children have? (Gee Answer Section) Use the following plan: * write an introduction (state the topic) * express your personal opinion and give reasons for it * give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you do not agree with ic + draw a conclusion Write 200 - 250 words.Grammar Practice Section Comparatives and Superlatives We use the comparative to compare one person or thing with another. We use the superlative to compare fone person or thing with more than one person or thing of the same group. We often use than after a comparative and the before a superlative. Sie is younger than me She's the youngest person in the room. Formation of comparatives and superlatives from adjectives and adverbs: © with one-syllable adjectives, we add -(e)r to form the comparative and -(e)st to form the superlative. large ~ lorger — largest Note: for one-syllable adjectives ending in a vowel + a consonant, we double the consonant. thin ~ thinner ~ thinnest © with ewo-syllable adjectives ending in -ly,-y,-w, we also add -er / est. Ivel/ — livelier ~ lliest Note: for adjectives ending in a consonant + y, we replace the -y with an «icy — tier ~ sidiest with other ewo-syilable adjectives or adjectives with more than two syllables, comparatives and superlatives are formed with maore/most. comfortable ~ more comfortable - most comfortable with adverbs that have the same form as their adjectives, we add -er-est. ord — harder ~ hardest ‘ewo-syllable or compound adverbs take more/most. refully — more corefuly — most carefully Note: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple, stupid, quiet ‘ean form their comparatives and superlatives either with -er/-est or with morelmost. | Choose the correct answer 1 Film budgets are getting as actors are paid more Aas high © higher and higher B the highest D higher than 2. Walking to the cinema took ....... | thought it would. Aas half as long half as long @ half as long as D as long as half 3. MP3 players are definitely ....... portable CD players. A best of © the better of better than D best than 4° Cycling than parachuting. Bless dangerous B least dangerous 5 ‘Titanic’ was A most profitable B the more profitable © the least dangerous D least danger film ever made. © the most profitable D more profitable ‘Types of comparisons: Irregular forms: ‘g00d ~ better — best / bad — worse — worst / much ~ more ~ most / little ~ less ~ least / far ~ farther/further ~farthestffurthest / rmanyilots ~ more ~ most (halflewicelthree times) as + adjective + as (to show that two people or things are similaridiferent in some way). In negative sentences we use not asiso a8. This coat is as expensive as that one | less + adjective + than (expresses the difference between two people or things). The opposite is more .« than. Tor is less rich than his fiend Tory. the least + adjective + offin (compares one Person or thing to two or more people or things in the same group). The opposite is the most ... offin. She is the least hard-working person in our office much/a lot/faria littlela bitéslightly + comparative (expresses the degree of difference between two people or things). o's slightly taller than Jeremy ‘comparative and comparative (to show that something is increasing or decreasing) gts warmer and warmer every day the + comparative ..., the + comparative (shows that two things change together, or that one thing depends on another thing). "he mare you tury pow the less you will have to study atthe end of the school year by far + the + superlative (emphasises the diference between one person oF thing and two or more people or things in the same group). 0s wer was by far the coldest we have ever had. ‘The more you exercise,....... you will feel. ‘A the more good © the better B the more better D the best This designer jacket is clothing Ive ever bought. = expensive item of A by far most © the most by far B most by far by far the most ‘This comedian is ....... than anyone else. @®much funnier © more funnier B as funny D the funniest “Superman Returns’ Is superhero film. A wwice as better B twice as best as any other © wice as good D better twice This diet is by far ....... one that I have tried, ‘A most easy © more easy B any easier (D the easiest Grammar Module 1 | 159Grammar Practice Section Relative Clauses Relative clauses are introduced with either a relative pronoun or a relative adverb, Relative pronouns We use: i. who(m)/that to refer to people. whichithat to refer to things ‘whose with people, animals and objects to show possession (instead of a possessive adjective). ‘Who, which and that can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause. ‘e's vie man (who) the police are looking for Whom can be used instead of who when it is the object of the relative clause. Whom is always used instead of who or that after a preposition. "0° ‘he girl to whom the courier gove the parcel ‘Who, which and that are not omitted when they are the subject of a relative clause. Phe ‘ron who = singing now 1S my cousin. They can be omitted when they are the object of a relative clause; that is, when there is a noun or a subject pronoun becween the relative pronoun and the verb. Lovo met o friend (wholwhomlthat) she hadn't seen for years. ‘Whose is never omitted. That the mon whose dog chased our cat. Relative adverbs We ust |. when/that to refer to a time (and can be omitted). That was the year (whenithat) we got married |. where to refer to a place. Ve ote) where we sioyed is closing down. why to give a reason, usually after the word reason (why can be omitted). That's the reoson (why) | want 10 do this Note: When using where or when, we do not need a reposition. The fiouse where he grew up is being demolished. (NOT: The house where he grew up in Identifying and Non-Identifying Relative Clauses ‘An identifying relative clause gives necessary information essential to the meaning of the main sentence, itis not put in ‘commas and is introduced with who, which, that, whose, where, when or the reason (why). “i= orion who. us English at school ives m ‘A non-identifying relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence. It is put in commas and is introduced with who, whom, which, whose, where or when. Tie W990», /)0 wos wading « newspoper seemed familiar to me. _) Choose the correct answer. 6 ‘Superman Returns’ is the best film I've ever seen, is now 1 Stamford isthe vilge in... 1 ere Sein grew up. a a Awhere ©which B who Pais ; Bae D wissea 7 That was the summer ....... | got my driving license. 2 That's the referee bad eee Snes decision caused us to lose the last ®when D why match. Awho whom Link column A with column B using the correct relative Bwhose D which pronoun/adverb. 3. Tom’s poor health was the main 1 This is the hotel who | a I graduated from college. ee hesgers up hieifobt 2 Thavis the restaurant whose b_ brother is an actor. Bwhy C where 3 Th vitack Ben Denes Ye man ich € we spent our honeymoon. Ai Corral weer pce toe aa 4 Tony is watching the| where | di ging a speech is my always used to spend our holidays when ee Awhich C that 5. The reason why | © serves Chinese food. B when Dwhere 6 That's the girl | fhe rented yesterday. 5. The player scored the most 7 That was the year | |g Frank has high marks is goals is the best player on the team. because he studies hard. A whose C when | where-c 3 who-d = S why-g 7 when-a ®who D which 2 which-e 4 which-f 6 whose-b 160) Grammar Module 1Present Simple and Present Continuous We use the present simple for: facts and permanent states. ori> works os 0 nurse general truths and laws of nature. ie sun sets nthe west, habits and routines (with always, usually etc). ‘= usually goes to the cinema twice a month ‘timetables and programmes (in the future). +s plone eaves at ten o'clock next Friday. sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations, [*:"y wins the ball, crosses and Lampard scores for Chelsea feelings and emotions. | love Mozart His musics wonderful The time expressions we use with the present simple are: usualy, often, ahvoys, every daylweekImonth! year etc, in the mominglofteroonievening, at nightlthe weekend, on Fridays ete Stative Verbs verbs are: rock music etc). Those jeans cost me a fortune Pi SST THINK I think he will become a good teacher. (= believe) Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but with a difference in meaning. Grammar Practice Section ‘We use the present continuous (to be + verb -ing): © for actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking, Jean is doing her homework © for temporary situations. We are fixing the fence this © for fixed arrangements in the near future. /’m going: ‘out with Tony tonight. © for currently changing and developing situations. "« temperature is becoming wormer and warmer. with adverbs such as always to express anger or irritation at a repeated action, sie is olvays taking my things. The time expressions we use with the present continuous are: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, stil, today, tonight etc Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a continuous tense. These verbs of the senses (see, hear. smell, taste, feel, look, sound, seem. appear etc). !0u" perfume smells lovely verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget etc).! know wiv! Hie bobien « verbs which express feelings and emotions (like, love, hate, enjoy. prefer. detest, desi 9, want et). Nick enjoys ‘some other verbs (be, contain, include, belong, fit, need, matter, cost, own, want, owe, weigh, wish, have, keep Genoa They are thinking about buying o new cor = are considering) HAVE She has @ huge house. (= own, possess ) Tam having & forint une (= am experiencing) She is having ¢ bath (= i taking) They ere having dines (@ are eating) SEE I can see the park from ry office. (= is visible) / see whot you mean. (& understand) Pm seeing Mr Stewart at ten o'clock. (= am meeting) TASTE Tie uh tastes delcous, © fs has the flavour of) Sue i tasting the stew tose needs more pepper (@ esting) SMELL This rose smells lovey (= has the aroma) She is smelling the flowers. (© ts sifing) [APPEAR He appears tobe gong inthe wrong direction. (= seems to) | He is oppecring ina ploy at The Arts thectre. (= is performing) FIT The jeans fit him perfect (= are the right size) The technicion is fitting a new air conditioner on the wall attaching) Note: ootboll (general preference) BUT “e's enjoyin, ‘© The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses to express a specific preference. Mj oilier aly enjoys playing ye motch very uch (specific preference) © The verbs look (when we refer to somebody's appearance), feel (experience a particular emotion), hurt and ache can be used in simple or continuous tenses with no difference in meaning. | fee! y2"/ soci = | or feeling very sod Grammar Module 1 161Grammar Practice Section Present Perfect Continuous We use the present perfect continuous (have + been + verb -ing): ‘© to put emphasis on the duration of an action which We use the present perfect (have + past participle) fer: ‘© an action that happened at an unstated time in the past.The emphasis is on the action, the time when it ‘occurred is unimportant or unknown. | have washed the car. Ann has been to London once. an action which started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with stative verbs (see above) such as be, have, like, know etc. | hove known the Browns fr six yeas. a recently completed action. | have painted the howe personal experiences or changes. Shas put on fve The time expressions we use with the present perfect are: for, since, already, akways, just, ever, never, so far, today, this weekImonth ete, how long, lately, recent, sil (in negetons), yet, by now ete started in the past and continues up to the present. We have been decorating the lving room all morning. for an action which started in the past and lasted for some time. It may still be continuing or has finished already with the result visible in the present. /-' soaking wet because it has been raining all morning to express anger, irritation or annoyance. He has been taking my things without my permission for repeated actions in the past continuing to the Present. She hs lost weight because she has been dieting. The time expressions we use with the present perfect continuous are: for, since, how long, all dayimoringlmonth et, lately, recently Note: with the verbs live, work, teach and feel we can use the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous, with no diference in meaning. Sic has workedihas been working os a teacher for the last eight years. | Put the verbs in brackets into the present Complete the sentences using the present w simple or present continuous. 1A: This is the stadium where I run (run) every weekend. Its usually full B: It might be busy then but nobody is running (run) here now. 2. A: Are you doing (youldo) anything special tonight? B: Yes! | ami'm going out (go/out) for a meal with ‘Ann. Its her birthday. 3 A; Lam thinking (think) of taking up snowboarding this year I don't think (notithink) that’s a very good idea! Their son is looking (look) at an expensive pair of trainers in the shop window. B: That's why his parents look (look) so miserable! 5A: What time does the match start (the match/ start)? : Hurry! Ie is starting (start) now! ¢: Do you want (youlwant) to come to the cinema ‘with us tonight? Sorry, | can't | am’'m babysitting (babysit) tonight. : Why are you smelling (you/smell) the pot? I've washed it twice, and it still smells (smell) of onion. a >e o >e ~ Pre 162) Grammar Module 1 perfect or the present perfect continuous. 1A: Have you been watching (youfwatch) that film all this time? B: Yes. It's over three hours long. 2A: Ihave run (run) every London Marathon since I moved here three years ago. B: That's very impressive. | have never done (never/do) anything like that. 3. A: How long have you been playing (you/play) the guitar? B: Well, | have been learning (learn) for a few ‘months now. 4. A: Is Andy a good friend of yours? B: Yes, he is. have known (know) him since | was 6 years old. 5 A: How have you been (youlbe) recently? B: Not good. | broke my leg skiing so | have been Using (use) crutches for the last three weeks, 6 A; I have not seen (not/see) your sister lately. B: | know. She has been working (work) really hard these past few weeks, 7A: Why are you angry with your sister? B: She has been using (use) my things without asking for permission,Grammar Practice Section Past Simple We use the past simp ‘© for anaction that occurred at a definite time (stated or implied) in the past. He went to thie docoryestenloy. ‘© for actions that happened immediately after one another in the past. Sie got up, had breakfast and went © work ‘© for habits or states which are now finished, ir Ferguson worked os a teacher wien he wos younger Note: Used to can also be used instead of the past simple for habits/repeated actions in the past. The time expressions we use with the past simple are: yesterday, then, when, How long ago .? last nightiveeklmonth yearlFriday/October etc, three daysiweeks etc ago, in 1999 etc Past Continuous ‘We use the past continuous: for an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (the longer action), and the past simple for the action which interrupted it (shorter action). Ve were doing ‘our homework when the lights went out for two or more simultaneous actions in the past. en wos watching TY in the living room while Alice was cooking dinner for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We don't mention when the action started or finished. At 8 otlock yesterday, | was having a shower. to describe the atmosphere, setting etc and to give background information to a story. The bicls were singling ond the sun was shining os we were driving towards our country house. Note: When there are two past continuous forms in a sentence with the same subject, we can avoid repetition by just using the present participle (ing form) and leaving out the verb to be. was fixing his bike; he was listening tothe rac, = He was fixing his bike while listening 10 the radio The time expressions we use with the past continuous are: while, as, oll morrngleveningldaylweek etc Past Perfect ‘We use the past perfect (had + past participle): 4 ‘© for an action which happened before another past action or before a stated time in the past liad finished ironing by elght otdock ‘* for an action which finished in the past, and whose result was visible at a later point in the past. Sle hhad broken her wrist o month ago and she stil couldn't write property. ‘The time expressions we use with the past perfect are: before, after, already, just, for, since, tillunti, when, by the time, never ete Past Perfect Continuous We use the past perfect continuous: ‘© put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and fnished in the past, before another action or stated time in the past, usually with for or sinee. He had been jogging for about an hour before he got home and had a shower. © for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past. Shc had been making o cake and her dothes were covered in flour. The time expressions we use with the past perfect continuous are: for since, how long, before, unt etc Time expressions to talk about the past: ago (= back in time from now) is used with the past simple | cls) my homework about a» hour ago since (= from a starting point in the past) is used with the present perfect (simple and continuous). haven’ seen her since she moved. for (= over period of time) is used with the present perfect (simple and continuous). eye been wotcing DYDs for hours already is used in statements and questions (to show surprise). ove already writen to him Hove you fnshed writing elready? yet is used with the present perfect in questions and negations. ove you finshed reading yet? | haven't done the washing up yet. Grammar Module 1 | 163Grammar Practice Section ‘Complete the sentences using the correct 9 tense of the verbs in brackets. 1A: What were you doing (youlde) when the phone rang (ring)? B: Iwas watering (water) the plants in the garden. ‘That's why | didn't hear (nothear) it 2A: I came (come) by your house at 8 o'clock but you were not (notibe) there. B: Oh, I'm sorry.| was walking (walk) the dog at that time. 3. A: Did you manage (you/manage) to fix the car ‘on your own? B; No. I tried (try) all morning, but in the end | took (take) it to the garage. 4. A Stella has travelled (travel) to Barcelona twice this year already. B: Lucky her! Ihave never been (never/be) there, but ! hear (hear) it is a beautiful city. 5A: Why was he tired? B: Well. he had been working (work) in the garden for hours. 6 A: Have you ever tried (youlever/try) scuba diving? B: Yes, actually I have been taking (take) lessons since last summer, 7A Did you see (yoursee) him pass the finish line? B: He's not even close. He hasn't even got (notleven/get) to the halfway point yet. Reported Speech Put the verbs in brackets into the correct present and past tenses. Everyone 1) has heard (hear) of Eurostar, the trains which 2) have been taking (take) passengers under the English Channel since 1994, but 3) have you ever heard (you/ever/hear) of anyone swimming trom England to France? Well, believe it or not, there 4) is (be) actually a sport called ‘Channel Swimming’, which 5) began (begin) in the late 19th century when Captain Matthew Webb 6) swam (swim) the English Channel in 21 hours and 45 minutes. Today, many people 7) aitempt (attempt) to swim this 21-mile stretch of water every year, but at least 50% 8) don't succeed (not/succeed). Samantha Wilkins, only 14 years old, 9) has just become (just/become) ‘one of the suocessful ones. So how 10) did she do (she/do) it? “While | 11) was swimming (swim), | just 12) focused (focus) on my goal and 13) did not let (notitet) mysetf think about feeling cold or tired! Now | 14) am thinking (think) about attempting the swim again. | 15) completed (complete) my first crossing in just over 16 hours. | really 16) want (want) to beat that!” Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We do not use quotation marks. ‘The word that can either be used or omitted after the introductory verb (say tell suggest etc). She soid (that) she wouldn't tell anyone our secret. Say Tell © say + no personal object. !/e said ie os very hoppy © say + to + personal object. 1 sold fo us (hat) 1 vos very hoppy © tell + personal object. > told us be 90s very hoppy Expressions formed with say, tell and ask. Sof sure ete hello, good morning/afternoon etc, something/nothing, so, a prayer, a few words, no more, for certain’ BOM ce cruth,a le.a story.a secret.a joke, the time, the diference, one from another, somebody ones name, somebody the way. somebody so, someone’ fortune ete EMME 2 (22ston, a favour, the price, after somebody, the time, around, for something/somebody ete 164| Grammar Module 2Grammar Practice Section Reported Statements ‘they were said (up-to-date reporting). Up-to-date reporting Direct speech: Dovid soid,"I stil haven’t finished i: Out-of-date reporting ‘© Ineported speech, personal/possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of the sentence. Philip said, “'m having my hair eut.” Philp soid (chat) he was hoving his hair cut © We can report someone's words either a long time after they were said (out-ofdate reporting) or a short time after ‘The tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech. Reported speech: Dovid said (that) he still hasn’tIhadn’t finished it ‘The introductory verb isin the past simple and the tenses change as follows: 7 ear ‘My bus leaves at 4 o'clock Present Simple > Past Simple er He said (that) his bus let at 4 o'clock ‘Lam playing basketball this afternoon: Present Continuous ~ Past Continuous He said (that) he was playing basketbatl that afternoon. ‘have washed my hair.” Present Perfect —> Past Perfect 1 paid £20 for the book. Past Simple > Past Simple or Past Perfect book [He so te oad poi £20 fo 11 was studying for the exam: Past Continuous > Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous 1 wil call you tomorrow: Future (will) > Conditional (would) He said that he would call me the next doy. Certain words and time expressions change according to the meaning as follows: now > then, immediately today >that day yesterday > the day before, the previous day tomorrow -> the nextfollowing day this week > that week last week > the week before, the previous week next week > the week after, the following week ago > before here + there come > go bring > take ‘© The verb tenses remain the same in reported speech when the introductory verb is in the present, future cor present perfect. Trevor has (often) said, “The system doesn't work” r has (often) said (that) the system doesn’t work ‘© The verb tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech when reporting a general truth or law of nature The teacher sai, “Corfu is an islond The teacher said (that) Corfu isiwas cn island. Reported Questions ‘© Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the phrase want to know. ‘© When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how, when, what etc), the reported question is introduced with the same question word. “What time do shops close, please?” (direct question) He osked me what time shops closed. (reported question) ‘© When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, have), or a modal verb (can, may etc), then the reported question is introduced with if or whether. fre there any oranges lef?” (direct question) He osked me iffwhether there were any oranges left (reported question) '* Inreported questions, the verb isin the affirmative. The question mark and words/phrases such as please, well, oh etc are omitted. The verb tenses, pronouns and time expressions change as in statements. an you tell me when the next fight to Spain is, please?” (Girect question) He asked me when the next flight to Spoin was. (reported question) Grammar Module 2 | 165Grammar Practice Section Reported Orders To reportorders in reported speech, we use the introductory verbs order or tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive. Stop!” (direct order) He ordered them to stop (reported order) Dov't en” (direct order) Sive told us not to run. (reported order) Reported Commands/Requests/ Suggestions etc To report commands, requests, suggestions, instructions etc, we use a special introductory verb followed by a to- infinitive, -ing form or that-clause, depending on the introductory verb. 1 fend you my MP3 player: ‘m working this weekend: want to make a phone call now: Would you like me to come with you?” 1 promise I'l tell you "No, | won't toke thar. ‘Sto Baeae a Hari TD He agreed to lend me his MP3 player. le claimed to be working that weekend, He demanded to make a phane cal then He offered to go with me. He promised to tel me He refused to toke that He threatened not to let us go out to ploy in the aftemoon if we didn’t stop arguing ‘You should try to lose weight.” ‘Yu can go out lease stop making noise. lease, please, tll me.” ‘Halt! "You should at least try it’ ‘You cannot smoke in the office. Wil you come tothe reunion?” “Come here!" ‘Don't forget to check everything before you ‘Don't swim on o full stomach. He advised me to try to lose weight. He allowed me to go out He asked me to stop making noise He begged me to tel him. He commanded them to halt He encouraged me to ty it. He forbade me to smoke in the office. invited me to go to the reunion ordered me to go there, reminded me to check everything before Hef. He warmed me not to swim on a fll stomach. accuse sb of “admit (to) apologise for “boast abouvof *complain (to sb) offabout deny insist on suggest ‘She told everyone I am a far es, | broke the window: "'m sorry | didn't cal you "Tm an excellent guiter player “1 feel very exhausted: " didnt hit that boy!’ “I am going to toke you to the 200.” ‘Why don't we go on holiday?’ He accused her of teling everyone he was o ar. He admitted to breaking/having broken the window. He apologised for nat caling her He boasted offabout being an excellent guitar player He complained (tome) of felng very exhousted He denied hiting! having it that boy. He insisted on taking me to the 200, He suggested going on holidy. + that-clause: explain inform sb Ie is faster to go by plane.” You passed the test He explained that it wos fester to go by plane. He informed me that | had passed the test. * The verbs marked with an asterisk can also be followed by a that-clause in Reported Speech, He cloimed thot he didn’ know about it In conversation we use a mixture of statements, commands and questions. When we turn them into reported speech, we use and, as, adding that, and he/she added that. because, but. since etc. Words such as ol, oh dear, well etc are omitted in reported speech. Directs “Oh! That’ a nice pair of jeans,”Ann said to me."‘They suit you perfectly Reported: Ann soid that they were a nice pair of jeans and added that they suited me perfect Modals in Reported Speech © Modals change as follows: wil/shall -+ would, can ~» could (present reference)/would be able to (future reference), may “+ might/could, shall ~+ should (asking for advice)/would (asking for information)/offer (expressing offers), must -* must/had to (obligation) (*‘must’ remains the same when it expresses possiblity or deduction), needn't idn’t need to/didn’t have to (present reference)/wouldn't have to (future reference). 166} crammar Module 2Grammar Practice Section 10 12 14 ‘Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech. “Tm trying to be more health conscious,” said Helen. Helen said (that) she was trying to be more health conscious. “Ve already read this book:” Frank said. Frank said (that) he had already read that book. “''m starting a new job next week,” Sally said. Sally said (that) she was starting a new job the following week. “Til see you tomorrow,” he said to her. He told her (that) he would see her the following day. “The support group meets on a monthly basis; said Dr Evans. Dr Evans said (that) the support group met on a monthly basis “1 got up early" Tom said. ‘Tom said (that) he had got up early. “1 don’t usually like trying new food, but I'll try some of that curry” said Sarah. Sarah said (that) she didn’t usually like trying new food but she would try some of the curry. “ve booked a cooking holiday in Thailand,” Sam said. Sam said (that) he had booked a cooking holiday in Thailand. “I have a surprise for yous” Robert said to Jane. Robert told Jane (that) he had a surprise for her. “Malta is an island:” he said. He said (chat) Malta is/was an island. “Peter has put on a lot of weight.” said Gary. Gary said (that) Peter had put on a lot of weight. “L was working at eight o'clock,” said James. James said (that) he had been working at 8 o'clock. “| don't like riding a bike through heavy traffi said Greg. Greg said (that) he didn’t like riding a bike through heavy traffic. “Iam going for a takeaway pizza tonight.” jill said to him Jill told him (that) she was going for a takeaway pizza that night. “My house is not for sale,” he says. He says (that) his house is not for sale. She said, "ll come by later” She said (that) she would come by later. He said,"“She ean start work on Monday.” He said (that) she could start work on Monday. He said,"He should exercise more.” He said (that) he should exercise more. “I may go to university to study medicine,” he said. He said (that) he might go to university to study medicine. 20 2 a He asked,"‘Shall | make some tea?” He offered to make some tea. She said,"They won't arrive on time.” She said (that) they wouldn't arrive on time, Use an appropriate introductory verb from the list to report the following sentences. boast] [invite] Beg [promise (uagest [advise [apologise inform] [complain] warn “You should eat more nutritious meals.” she said. She advised me to eat more nutritious meals “You always leave the window open,” she said. She complained that | always left/eave the window open. “Let's make a curry,” Tom said Tom suggested making a curry “tm sorry | was late.” he said He apologised for being late. “Lown the best restaurant in the area,” said Charles. Charles boasted about owning the best restaurant in the area. “Please, please, help me!” he said. He begged me to help him. “Would you like to come to a party with me?” he said. He invited me to go to a party with him. “Don't touch the wire!” she said. She warned me not to touch the wire. “Your results will come out tomorrow” he said. He informed me that my results would come out the next day. “Til definitely arrive early.” she said. She promised to arrive early. Grammar Module 2 | 167Grammar Practice Section Future Simple | We use the future simple (will + bare infinitive) for: © decisions made at the moment of speaking. The phones ringing. PI answer it predictions about the future, based on what we think, believe or imagine, using the verbs think, believe, expect etc; the expressions be sure, be afraid etc; and the adverbs probably, certainly, perhaps etc. He will probably come loter on. promises, threats, warnings, requests, hopes and offers. Will you help me with my homework? actions, events situations which will definitly happen in the future and which we can’t control. fod will be fifty years old in June going to We use be going to: for plans, intentions or ambitions for the future.» ‘going to be a doctor when he finishes university. actions we have already decided to do in the near fueure. Lauro is going to spend her holidays in Fronce predictions based on what we can see or what we know.especilly when there is evidence that something will happen, Look o that man withthe guitar He's going to tort plying The time expressions we use with the future simple and be going to are: tomorrow, the doy after tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/month/yearisummer etc, in.a week/month etc Future Continuous | We use the future continuous (will be + verb -ing): '® for actions which will be in progress at a stated future time. Ths time next month, I'l be sitting in a cofé in Pai © for actions which will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement. will be going to the museum at the weekend, '* when we ask politely about someone's plans for the near future. Will you be wearing your new jacket tonight? 10 Fill in will oF be going to. 1A: Are you studying maths, chemistry and biology? B: Yes, because | am going to study medicine at universi 2A: Ihave decided what to buy Tom for his birthday. B: Really? What are you going to buy him, then? 3. A: Have you finished your report yet? B: No, but 'm sure I will finish it on time. 168] Grammar Module 2 Future Perfect © We use the future perfect (will have + past Particle) for actions that will have finished before a stated time in the future. /° will hove finished che ‘exams by the end of this week. ‘The time expressions we use with the future perfect are: before, by, by then, by the time, untill (only in negative sentences) Future Perfect Continuous © We use the future perfect continuous (will have been + verb -ing) to emphasise the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future. The future perfect continuous is used with: by .« for. By the on of May, il will have been living here for fifteen years. ‘Time clauses when talking about the future: When we use words and expressions such as while, before, after, untilltill, as, when, whenever, once, as soon as, as long as, by the time etc to introduce time clauses, we use the present simple or present perfect, NOT future forms. By the time we get there, the ship wll have left (NOT: By the time we will get there . ‘We also use the present simple and present perfect, NOT future forms, after words and expressions such as unless, if, suppose/supposing, in case etc. 1) umbrella in case it rains later (NOT... in case it will ra faxes) We use future forms with '* when, when itis used as a question word, When will you be going sailing? iftwhether, after expressions which show uncertainty! ignorance etc, such as I don't know, I doubt, I wonder, I'm not sure ete. 09! whether he will Note: We use the present simple to refer to timetables/programmes. The fin torts ot 7:30. ‘We use the present continuous for a fixed arrangement in the near future, I’m seeing Tom ‘onight 4A; | have three friends coming to dinner tonight. B: Don't worry. will help you cook. 5 A: Why do you need so much flour? B: | am going to make a pizza ‘A; I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep. B: I will get you some coffee. 7A: How old is your son? B: He will be twelve next month.Grammar Practice Section || Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future forms. @ & What 1) are you doing (do) tonight? B: 12) am going to tidy (tidy) my room, ‘A; What time 3) will you finish (finish)? B: 14) will have finished (finish) by nine o'clock. | hope. ‘A: Shall we go to the cinema then? The flm starts at 9:30, © to express purpose. He took the tin to arrive coy © after certain verbs (agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse ete). Tey expect to start printing next week after would like, would prefer, would love etc to ‘express a specific preference. ld prefer to go to the theatre tonight. after adjectives which describe feelings/emotions (happy, sad, glad etc); express willingness! unwillingness (wiling, eager, reluctant etc); refer to a person's character (clever, kind etc) and the adjectives lucky and fortunate. | 25 /2"y hoppy to hear that Jenrifer ond Darren got married. Note: With adjectives that refer to character we can also use an impersonal structure. Ie vos kind of you to inform me about it after toolenough. |: to0 old £0 go swimming 10 talk about an unexpected event, usually with only. finally arived home only to find thet my house had been broken into, Tenses of the Infinitive Present: (to) read Present Continuous: (to) be reading © This time next week | 1) wil be relaxing (relax) fon a beach in Thailand and 1 2) will have forgotten (forget) all my problems at work. | 3) am going to sunbathe (sunbathe) and the kids 4) are going to swim (swim) and we 5) will have (have) lots of fun. | just can't wait. with it + be + adjectiveinoun. '¢ osn"* cosy t© find a new accountant. aker be + firstisecondinextilast etc. wos the last person to talk ot the conference. after verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, explain, decide, find out, want, want to know etc, when they are followed by a question word. Si: explained how to use the vending machine Note: why is followed by subject + verb, NOT an Infinkive.! wonder why she didn’t come to me with her problem in the expressions to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with etc, To ‘ell you ‘the truth, | didn't want anyone to find out Note: f ewo to-infinitives are linked by and or or, the to of the second infinitive can be omitted. 00!" lke to go and see the performance tonight. Perfect: (to) have read Perfect Continuous: (to) have been reading © The Present Infinitive refers to the present or future: «01 ore expected to work (For 9.00 to 4.00 every weekdoy ‘The Present Continuous Infinitive expresses an action happening now.» sje seers to be working 0” die project ot present ‘The Perfect Infinitive is used to show that the action of the infinitive happened before the action of the verb: ©. Si= claims to have been to Austria twice. ‘The Perfect Continuous Infinitive is used to emphasise the duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened before the action of the main verb: ¢. He seems to have been reading all night. His eyes ore red The infinitive without to is used: after modal verbs. Seth can play the soxophone well after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. icy mode hin» leave the building. BUT we use the to-infinitive after be made, be heard, be seen exc (passive form). 'e was made ¢o Jeave the bulcing Note: When see, hear and watch are followed by an -ing form, there is no change in the passive. //- saw me reading the email | was seen reading the email after had better and would rather. V\:hhod better tke help can be followed by either the to-infinitive or the infinitive without to, Sie helped me (v0) solve she problem Grammar Modute 2 | 169Grammar Practice Section -ing form The -ing form is used: © asanoun, Smoking isnot good fer your heaith © ater certain verbs:admit, appreciate, avoid, continue, deny, fancy, go (or activites), imagine, mind, miss. quit, save, suggest, practise, consider, prevent. sugested solving ve proben 9 our own. after love, like, enjoy, prefer, dislike, hate to express general preference. oy foves eating chocolate iecreor BUT for a specific preference (would like/would prefer/would love) we use a to-infinitive. | after expressions such as be busy, it's no use, it's (no) good, it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no point in, can’t stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble etc. There Is v0 point in colking © ver she s 50 headstrong! after spend, waste or lose (time, money etc). © spent lot of money Buying o home cineme system after the preposition to with verbs and expressions such as look forward to, be used to, in addition to, object to, prefer (doing sth to sth ese). > prefers coving ot hone eo eating out after other prepositions ovo viking of changing hs lok after the verbs hear, listen to, notice, see, watch and feel to describe an incomplete action. | fe! jl ealking to Hove (only heard part of the conversation.) BUT we use the infinitive without to with hear, listen to, notice, see, watch and feel to describe the complete action. | heord Lorry tell vie sixy (U heard the whole story) Difference in meaning between the to-infinitive and -ing form ‘Some verbs can take either the to-infinitive or the -ing form with a change in meaning. * forget + to-infinitive = (not) remember. > forzor to lock the oor forget + -ing form = not recall.) over forget living i» owa remember + to-infinitive = not forget. you remember to post ve ener? remember + -ing form = recall! remember hearing hin soy thot mean + to-infinitive = intend to.» sorry. | never meant 4o make you (eel so bod. mean + -ing form = involve. ose my job, !'» offaid « wil mean selling my cor regret + to-infinitive sorry to (normally used in the present simple with verbs such as say, tell, inform). //- regret to inform you that you have not been accepted into university regret + «ing form = feel sorry about. | regret losing (01) wh my frends in America try + to-infinitive = do one’s best, attempt. Sie tried to fell hin) but he just didn't wont fo lsten try + -ing form = do something as an experiment. Vy von you try adding more sugar? Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or the -ing form. A; Ilnever forget meeting (meet) David Beckham. B: Yes, but you forgot to get (get) his autograph, didn’t you? ‘A: Do you regret lending (lend) the money to Nick? B: Yes. | regret to say (say) he's not a very trustworthy person. ||) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form. Mind the tenses. ‘A: I'm getting colds and headaches on a regular basi. B: You'd better go (go) to the doctor. A: Do you know any good ways of reducing (reduce) stress levels? B: Ive heard that some people meditate every day. 3 A: Did you remember to return (return) the ‘A: | can’t lose any weight so I've decided to join DVDs we rented? (join) 2 dieting club. B: I remember taking (take) them but | think | B: Good idea! | lost loads of weight when I joined lefe them in my briefcase. one. 4 ‘A; Josh wasn’t at the lesson today and the teacher Sharon all day. : Why don't you try calling (call) her on her mobile? ‘A: I've been trying to get (get) in touch with B 170] Grammar Module 2 was very angry. B: Held better have (have) a good excuse or he'll be in trouble.Grammar Practice Section ‘Summary of Functions of Modal Verbs He can speck Jopanese. She's able to make people laugh B He couldiwas able to speok Japanese (repeated action ~ abity in the pos We were able to go on a th Australia, (single ection) month tour off possibility He ean stil be at work. (90% certain) She could be angry. (50% certain; ts possible she Sally may be teaching (50% certain; its possible that she is teaching) You might need to come tomorrow. (40% certain; perhaps you need to come tomorrow) It is likely that Sue wil give up working Sue is likely to give up working We could have had an accident. (tckiy we didn John may have broken that vase. perhaps he did) Jane might have lost our telephone number. (perhaps she has lost i Ie was likely that she had taken the last tain, She was likely to have taken the last 1 They will be in Spain tomorrow. (100% certain; prediction We should see him there. (90% certoin; ature only it’s probable) She ought to be in Canada by now. (90% certain she wil probably be in Canada) He should have finished by now. (He has probably finished, They ought to have started the course by now. (They have probably started the course.) He must be exhausted. (90% certain — positive; m sure he's exhausted) ‘She can’t be serious. (negative; 'm sure she’s not They couldn’t be on holiday. (negative; | don't think they are on holiday) He must have won the competition. (postive; In sure he has won the competition) She can't have married Ted. (negative; sure she didn't marry Ted) They couldn't have been frends. {negativ; I don't think they were friends) You can/can’t have a party. (giving or refusing permission; informal) Could | be excused? (polite; asking for permission) You may be excused. (formal giving permission) Might | bring a friend to the wedding? (more formal asking for permission) 1'm ofrid you ean’tlmustn’t have visitors. (informal refusing permission) Guests may not smoke in their rooms. (formal: refusing permission — writen noti He wasn’t allowed tolcouldn’t board the plone. He was allowed to see the patient. (NOT: could) | must return these books soon. I say so) has to find o new job. (necessity coming from ‘outside the speoker They've got to sell their caravan. (informal) The plants need watering. OR The plants need to be watered. sary) She doesn’t have toldoesn’t need tol needn't leave when they do. (it isn't necessary absence of necessity) We ought to reply to the invita had to return the books to the library (I was obliged to) She had to find a new job ofter she was dismissed, They had to sell their craven. The plants needed watering. OR The plants needed to be watered, t was necessary) She didn’t have toldidn’t need to work os hard ‘5 me. it wasnt necessary for her 19 work hnard os me and she didn't ~ absence of necessity) She needn't have got a tox. (it wasn't necessary for her to get a taxi but she did) Grammar Moaule 2 | 171Grammar Practice Section ‘Summary of Functions of Modal Verbs eee at should try to make more of on effort. (general advice; | advise you) You ought to keep to the speed limit advise you; most people believe this) You had better not keep her woitng. (I's not 00d ideo; Shell | apply for the job? (osking for advice) u should have She ought to have reserved a table but she did't) It would have been better if you hadn't kept her waiting (but yeu ci) She could at least wait until 5 o'clock They should warn us. You ought to be more polite to her could at least have wat dock They should have warned us. (but they did) You ought to have been more polite to her (I was the right thing to do, but you didn't doit) { must get more I have to get mor more money to chart. to do, but we don't | had to get more exercise becouse I wos unft. | had to get more exercise because | was unfit We ought to have given more money to 28 the right thing to do but we Can 1 use your phone? (informal ‘Could | use your phone? (pol ‘May t make a phone coll please? (formal) ‘Might | borrow your pen? (very formal) Will you give me o hand? (very friendly) Would you mind helping me? (pote) Can we do anything to help? (informal) Shall Iiwe help you tidy up? (informal) Would you like me to do it for you? Shall we stop foro drink’ liWe can ahways leave early We could ect out tonight if you want He could have asked for edvice You can’t wear jeans ot work. you aren't You mustn't walk on the grass. (i's forbid You may not tak during the test. (formal) They couldn’t wear jeans at work. (they All members must follow the rules. People ought to lve in peace do, but people don't doit) ight thing ‘All members had to fallow the rules She ought to have treated us more fai. It was the right thing to do but she didn't clays do i 1 Com fe the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words. I Its forbidden to eat in the library. not You must not eat in the library. 2. Perhaps she will be late. be She might be late. 172| Grammar Module 2 3 It wasn't necessary for her to buy me a gift. needn't She needn't have bought me a gif. I'm certain it has stopped snowing now. have It must have stopped snowing now.Grammar Practice Section 5 I'm sure he isn't at home now. be He can’t be at home now. 6 advise you to read the contract before you sign it had You had better read the contract before you sign it. 7 Its possible that she has forgotten his birthday. may She may have forgotten his birthday. 8 Perhaps Daniel is at the chemist’s. could Daniel could be at the chemists 9 I'm sure he has written his report now. have He must have written his report now. 10. Ie wasn’t necessary for Bob to work overtime. need Bob needn't have worked overtime. IL Alex was obliged to wear glasses because he couldn't see properly had ‘Alex had to wear glasses because he couldn't see properly. Quite ~ Rather — Fairly — Pretty —Very 3 5 Circle the correct answer. Your acne... due to your unhealthy eating habits. A ought to be © would be @ could be D should be |...» lke to rely on alternative medicine for my health A mustn't © couldn't B needn't D wouldn't You ..... g0 to the dentist soon, @had berter © should have B ought to have D had to As it’s very sunny today, you ..... wear plenty of sunscreen when you go outside. Aare likely to will be able to B are able to © must You ..... be so rude to the customers. @ shouldn't © aren't likely to B couldn't D might not ‘After qualifying, new doctors decide in which area Cf medicine they ..... ike to specialise. A must © would B could D should Quite (= fairy, co some degree) is used in favourable comments, Hes gute rood ot geoprepy Quite is used before alan, 'e quite © good football ployer Quite (= completely) is used with adverbs, some verbs and adjectives such as: amazing, brilliant, certain, dreadful, diferent, exhausted, horrible, impossible, perfect, right, sure, true, useless ete." quite sure she will come with us. Rather is used in unfavourable comments. Ho rather bad ot tennis. It ean also be used in favourable comments meaning “to an unusual degree”. The lecture wos rather interesting, (more interesting thon we expected). Rather is also sed with comparative degree. !\y MP3 ployer wos rather more expensive thon yours. Rather is also used before or after afan, I's a rather warm summer. oF Its rather a warm summer. Fairly/Pretty are synonymous with quite and rather. They are used after a. She’ « fairly/pretty good ones: Very + adjiadv of positive degree. 0's very careless wih (is tings |G Choose the correct word. 1 Iewill take me prettyleathe?a long time to finish painting the house. 2 Bill had a quit 1d reason for being late for school, as the bus had broken down. 3. It’s been @uite/rather a while since Ive seen her. 4. Although organic foods cost pretty/quita)a lot, they are probably better for your health. 5. The cost of the meal was(Father/quite more than we had expected. & He is a(pretty/quite good singer. les father)pretty a cold day,so take a jacket with you. Shirley is quite(rather bad at chess. rretty a surprise to see them again. ‘Are you rather(quite certain the film doesn't start until nine o'clock? The band played quitelfather) better this time than at their last performance. My new laptop is quite/rather more advanced than his Grammar Module 3 | 173,Grammar Practice Section Be/Get used to — Used to — Would Be/Get used to + -ing form/noun/pronoun (= be/get accustomed to,be in the habit of expresses habitual actions, He isn’t used to driving on the let. He got used to the noise pollution. Used to expresses past habitual ations. 0 used t0 ploy football move when he wos 20 ‘Would expresses past repeated actions and routines but not states. V/s se wos | 5, she would go swimming every doy {or ov hour, (obo: she used ‘0 go) Stative verbs are not used with “would”, //- used to lve in London (NOT: he would lve ||) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. | Fiona used to wake up (wake up) at 7 am every day. 2. My grandmother would always cook (cook) a roast dinner on Sundays. 3. My mother never had a washing machine, so she was used to doing (do) the washing by hand. 4 Lam not used to being (be) spoken to so rudely! 5 I didn't use to like (like) fish, but now I love it. 6 When Michael was young he used to go (go) fishing with his grandfather every Saturday. 7 Although Pete was a postman all his life, he never got used to getting (get) up early in the morning. 8 | would never sleep (sleep) without the light on when I was a child 9 When she was younger, Mary used to be (be) chubby, but now she has lost a lot of weight. 10 My parents aren't used to staying up (stay up) late at night. Complete the sentences using the words in I bold. Use two to five words. | When Amy was a nurse, she used to work night shifts. would — When Amy was a nurse, she would work night shifts. 2. Paula found her job dificult at firs, but now she quite likes it. used Paula found her job dificult at first, but now she is used to it. 3 Billy lived in Egypt when he was a child, live lly used to live in Egypt when he was a child. 4 I don’t think I'll ever find it easy to live in this noisy neighbourhood. get I don't think Ill ever get used to living in this noisy neighbourhood. 5. My father was in the habit of taking a long walk on Sundays. always My father always used to take a long walk on Sundays. 174] Grammar Module 3 6 Dean hasn't become accustomed to the climate abroad yet. got Dean hasn't got used to the climate abroad yet. |) Choose the correct item. 1 Are you ....... used to your new car now? Aget € toget Bgerting D to getting 2. Susan ....... have black hair, but now she’s blond. Awould © used to B was used D used 3 I cant get used Con the leftchand side of the road. Ato drive © drive B driving © wo driving 4 When | was younger, | ....... play football every weekend. Aused © was used B got used D would 5. Your dancing has improved. You didn’t ....... t0 be so good! A would © use B was used D is used © When Tommy was younger, he live in Canada. A got used to © would B was used to D used to 7 V.s2.. get used to your unusual accent! A would never C will be B would always © will never It’s taking mea long time to ....... speaking French, Aaam used to C used to B get used to D would 9 Before she started cycling, she ....... go to work by bus. Bused to C was used to B got used to D usedGrammar Practice Section i Module 4 Inversion A. modal/auxiliary verb + subject + main verb It's used in the following cases: © in questions. Gan you realy sing well? after the following words or expressions, when they come at the beginning of a sentence. Seldom ‘Only in this way Rarely ‘Only then Litde Hardly (ever) .. when Barely No sooner ...han Nowhere (else) Not only... bt (also) Never (before) Not until Not (even) once In no way Onno account _In/Under no circumstances Only by So/Such Not since ete. Never (before) have I seen such an exciting match. Not only did they make a lot of money but they (also) mede o good name for themselves. Seldom do we go out since | took up Spanish classes. BUT We seldom go out since | took up Spanish cesses. (There i no inversion because the word seldom does not ‘ome atthe beginning ofthe sentence) Note: When the expressions only after. only by, only if,only when, not untiltill come a the beginning ‘of a sentence, the inversion isin the main clause. Only ofter saving meney for months was she able to buy anew car Only if you do what the doctor els you will you get well soon. with so, neither, nor, as to express agreement. "ove chocolate yoghurt "So do i." (We use "so" to agree with an affimative statement) ‘She was a talented artst, as was her brotherland so was her brother. )() Rewrite the sentences. 1 The authorities seldom pay any attention to environmental activists, Seldom do the authorities pay any attention to environmental activists. 2 Our country has never seen such extreme weather conditions before. Never before has our country seen such extreme weather conditions. 3 The police didn’t know that the man was a thief. Little did the police know that the man was a thief. “Neither/Nor can 12” (We use “neither/nor” to agree with a negative statement) “T can't stand clossicol musi.” NeitherINor can | with should, were, had when they come at the beginning of anifclause instead of “if” eg. Type 1:Should he call, tll him IM! meet him at six (= If he should call...) Type 2: Were | you, | would tell her how | fee (© Hl were you ...) Type 3: Had | been told, | would have been prepared for what would follow. (= If | had been told ) main verb + subject Ie is used in the following cases: ‘© after verbs of movement or adverbial expressions of place when they come at the beginning of a sentence. Outside the house was a big pine tree. On the chair lay a cat. Here comes the bus. There goes the train. If the subject is a pronoun, there is no inversion. Here they come. (NOT: Here come they} (Out you go. (NOT: Out go you. in direct speech when the subject of the introductory verb is a noun, I don't ike this book," said Jimmy. (OR-...mmy said) “1 all you tomorrow,” said her mother. (OR:...her mother said) BUT “How can | help you?” she asked (NOT: csled_she, because the subject of the introductory verb is a pronoun.) 4. If we had known how easy it is to recycle, we would have started a long time ago. Had we known how easy itis to recycle, we would have started a long time ago! 5. Deforestation not only reduces the number of trees, but it also affects biodiversity. Not only does deforestation reduce the number of trees, but it also affects biodiversity. & You shouldn't put a metal utensil in the microwave on any account. ‘On no account should you put a metal utensil in the microwave. Grammar Module 4| 175Grammar Practice Section 7 Patricia won't cancel the trip under any circumstances. Under no circumstances will Patricia cancel the trip. The Passive ‘Wee form the passive with the verb to be in the appropriate tense and the past participle of the main verb. Only transitive verbs (verbs which take an object) can be used in the passive: (eg lve does not have a passive form) ‘We use the passive: ‘© when the person or people who do the action are unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context. Jone’ honabag was stolen, (We don't know who stole it) The house s being painted (Its unimportant who is doing it) The criminc! has been arrested. (W's obvious that the police arrested him.) when the action itself is more important than the Person/people who do it, as in news headlines, ‘newspaper articles, formal notices, advertisements, instructions, processes etc. Tlie wedding will beheld on May 4th, ‘when we want to avoid taking responsibility for an action, or when we refer to an unpleasant event and. we do not want to say who or what is to blame. Tie ‘man was beaten to death. Changing from the active into the passive: * the object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence © the active verb remains in the same tense but ‘changes into a passive form the subject of the active sentence becomes the agent, and is either introduced with the preposition by or is omitted, Subject Yerb Object ACTIVE The secretary was typing an email. J | ' i Subject Verb Agent PASSIVE An email was being typed by the secretary. © Only transitive verbs (verbs which take an object) ‘can be changed into the passive. Active: Monkeys lve Jy wees, nvonsitve verb) No passive form: [recs ave lived in by monkeys Note: Some transitive verbs (hove, exst, seem, ft suit, resemble, lack etc) cannot be changed into the passive. Roy has @ new bike. (NOT: A new bike is had ‘we can use the verb to get instead of the verb to be in ‘everyday speech when we talk about things that happen by accident or unexpectedly. He got njured when he os trying to climb the tree. (instead of He was injured...) 176] Grammar Module 4 She had just finished her speech when he walked in the door. No sooner had she finished her speech than he walked in the door. By + the agents used to say who or what carries out an action, With + instrumentimateriallingredient is used to say what the agent used. The design was mace by Roseby.It wos made with fresh cream ‘The agent can be omitted when the subjectis they he, someonelsomebody, people, one etc. Somebiy hos ‘opened the window. The window has been opened. The agent Is not omitted when it Is a specific or important person, or when it is essential to the ‘meaning of the sentence. assic Pork wos directed by Steven Spielberg. With verbs which can take two objects, such as bring, tell, end, show. teach, promise, buy, sell, read, offer, give, lend etc, we can form two different passive sentences. Bob gave Jeon flowers. (active) Jean was given flowers by Bob. (passive, more usual) Flowers were given to Jean by Bob. (passive, less usual) an active sentence a preposition follows a verb, then in the passive itis placed immediately after the verb. A snoke bit Ann on the leg. Ann was bitten on the leg by o snake. The verbs hear, help, see and make are followed by the bare infinitive in the active, but by the to-infinitve in the passive. She made me do my homework. | was made to do my homework. Let becomes be allowed to jin the passive, Tie ‘mother let the children watch TV. -* The children were allowed to watch TV. To ask questions in the passive, we follow the same ‘ules as for statements, keeping in mind that the verb 's in the interrogative form. Hove they received the email yet? -+ Hos the email been received yet? ‘When we want to find out who or what performed ‘an action, the passive question form is Who/What by! Who was the book written by? The verbs believe, expect, feel, hope, know, report, say, think etc are used in the following passive patterns in personal and impersonal constructions. They expect he will pss his driving test. subject (person) + passive verb + to inf He is expected to pass his driving test. (personal construction) It + passive verb + that-clause Ik is expected that he wil pass his driving test (impersonal construction)Grammar Practice Section CT NETL T | Complete the exchanges using the correct ~~ passive form. 1A: What happened at the WWF meeting yesterday? We were advised (advise) to adopt an animal. How does he make money from stormchasing? His photographs are used (use) on publicity posters. : Are most of the animals kept in captivity? No, some are released (release) into their natural habitat. : Who started the Rocky Mountain Institute? B: It was founded (found) by a visionary, Amory Lovins. : Have we made any progress in helping the planet? B: Well, greenhouse gases have been reduced (reduce) considerably because of specific measures to limit pollution, ~ 2>e P> 2) Choose the correct answer 1 Sammy ....... by the WWF for three years now. Avhas been employing ©) has been employed B is employed D is being employed 2 Hundreds of plant species + extinct. by deforestation. Bhave been made € having been made B being made D have made ‘Type 0 conditionals are used to express a general truth or a scientific fact. In this type of conditionals we can use when instead of if. IWhen + present simple > _ present simple IffWhen you drop son ing, it falls to the ground. ‘Type | conditionals are used to express a real or very probable situation in the present or future. rd Geka If+ present —~ future simple, imperative, can/ simple mustimay ete + bare infinitive If | go to the party, | willlmayletc have a good time. ‘When the hypothesis comes before the main clause, we separate them with a comma. When the main clause ccomes before the if-clause, then we do not use a comma to separate them, Note: With type | conditionals we can use unless + affirmative verb (= if + negative verb). wi! not be able to come unless stops raring. (= fit does not stop raining, ..) 3. The scientific results ....... in the next issue of the magazine. Aare publshed © willbe published B tobe published Do publish 4° The natural habitats of many species ....... by housing developers. Aiis being destroyed is destroyed B has been destroyed (B) have been destroyed 5 Five years from now, factory emissions . reduced. Aare being © wail have been B have been D were being 6 The video footage Faidley took channels around the world A being shown C had shown has been shown _D to be shown 7 Wangari Maathal was the first African woman the Nobel peace prize. on TV Ato award © to be awarded B being awarded D having been awarded 8 Approximately two hundred voleanoes ....... in Indonesia. Aare being located Cis located Bare to be located B) are located 9 Inwhat ways can ....... informed about extreme ‘weather conditions? Bowe be kept © we are keeping B we will keep D we have been keeping Type 2 and 3 Conditionals ‘© Type 2conditionals (unreal in the present) are used to expres irraginary situations which are contrary to facts in ‘the present, and therefore are unikely to happen in the present or the future. We can use ether was or were for [.he, she, ifn the clause. We can also use the structure Hf were you ..to give advice. rs Pike f+ past simple/past , would/couldimight + present] continuous bare infinitive If knew how to do it, would do it myself. If Sue was working today, we would see h If were you, | would tell them not to interfere. '* Type 3 conditionals (unreal in the past) are used to ‘express imaginary sitvations which are contrary to facts in the past They are also used to express regrets or criticism. ey Pars 1+ past perfectipast__, would/could/might + perfect| perfect continuous "bare infinitive If they had asked me, would have told them not to do If Thadn’e been working today, we would have done epping. Grammar Module 4 177Grammar Practice Section Mixed Conditionals ‘We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits it, by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another. Cs ‘Type 2 ‘Type If he went to bed ete lst night, he won't be able to get up on time today. Type 3 you wouldn't have broken your leg Type 2 he would be at work now. ‘Type 2 If you were more careful Type 3 Ifhe hadn’t missed the bus, Wishes © We can use wishlif only to express a wish, only I were going | different about 2 to the beach (but. | present stuation + past perfect [roe to express regret about finished the die’ happen inthe past Ionly she hadn't told me to eove her alone. (but she i) ¥ subject + I wish you would |i express would + bare inf) stop smoking. © a polite imperative. Ifoaly it would | * @ desire for 0 stop reining. situation or person's behaviour to change + past simple! [wish {wos rich [10 sy that we would past continuous |: (015/00) fie omen be Note: © Ifonly is used in exactly the same way as wish but it is more emphatic or more dramatic. '* We can use were instead of was after wish and if only. | wish | werelwas at the beach. Note: ws) © speok to you now (want to ...) Unreal Past — had better/would rather The Past Simple can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal or improbable situations in the present, and the Past Perfect can be used to talk about imaginary, unreal ‘or improbable situations in the past. This is ealled unreal past. Unreal Past is used as follows: 178| Grammar Module 4 Past Simple to refer to the present: © Type 2 conditionals: » |/! were you IW ask for help © wishiif only: e¢. | wish he were more patient with children. (¢ Pd rather/sooner sb w.: © |'d rather je studied more. ‘© Suppose/Supposing: ° » Suppose you were asked to stay back, what would you do? © as ifias though: e.g. He behaves os if he were the boss © It’s (abouthhigh) time ..: «9 e's time we left Past Perfect to refer to the past: © Type 3 conditionals: ©: || hod been | wouldn't have had the accident. © wishitf onlyzeg.If only | hadn’t told les to my mum, © I'd ratherisooner sb w.! © 'd rather ne hadn't spent so much money yesterday. © Suppose/Supposing: »» Suppose ie had seen you what would you have done? © as iffas though: ¢.. They looked at each other as if they had met befor. areful had better = should © [had better + present bare infinitive (for present! future reference): 2 p You'd better toke an espn ‘© It would have been better if + Past Perfect (for past reference):e. It would have been better if you hhad told them the truth would rather = I'd prefer © When the subject of would rather is also the subject of the following verb, we use Pd rather + present bare infinitive (for present/future reference) or I'd rather + perfect bare infinitive (for past reference): «I'd rather leave row I'd rather have admitted toking the money. ‘© When the subject of would rather is different from the subject of the following verb, we use: I'd rather ‘sb + Past Simple (for presentifuture reference) or Vd rather sb + Past Perfect (for past reference): eg.['d rather you put on the green dress tonight. 'd rather you had called me ecrier. Note: © prefer + gerundinoun + to + gerund/noun (general preference): v.! prefer swimming to skiing, © prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (general preference): © | prefer to dress casually rather than dress formally '* would prefer + full infinitive + rather than + bare infinitive (specific preference): 9.0 pre(er to 40 hiking rather than go horse riding. * would rather + bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive: eg. rather read than watch TV.Grammar Practice Section 2B Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. ‘A: Look at all that packaging you're throwing away! B: I know, but what can | do? I wish there were (be) more recycling bins near here. 9 A: Sorry. What did you say? B: Oh,| wish you would pay (pay) more attention when I'm speaking to you. 2A; Sorry | didn't come to the Greenpeace meeting +) |__ Rewrite the following as mixed conditionals. last night. I couldn't make it. . B: IF | had known (know) that, | would have 1 We didn't recycle and now we are running out of changed (change) the date. natural resources. 3. A: Stockport Zoo has closed down, If we had recycled, we wouldn't be running out of natural B: That's a shame. | wish I had visited (visit) it resources now. ‘more often when it was open. 2. The authorities didn't prevent the flooding in time, 4. A: Ifyou go (go) to the environmental conference, and now we are facing an environmental disaster. could you pick up (youlpick up) some Ifthe authorities had prevented the flooding in time, we brochures, please? ‘would not be facing an environmental disaster now. Sones 3. She isn’t a reliable worker, so she didn't get a 5 A: Shall | put this rubbish in the bin? promotion. B: No, if | were (be) you,! would take (take) it If she wasiwere a reliable worker, she would have to the recycling centre. got a promotion, 6 A: If had known (know) about the park clean 4. The bus drivers have gone on strike, so I'm not up, | would have signed up (sign/up) to help. using public transport at the moment. B: Don't worry. There's going to be another one If the bus drivers hadn’t gone on strike, would be next week. using public transport at the moment. 7 A:| wish | had known (know) you were free last 5 She walked 20 kilometres, so her feet are sore now. weekend. We could have gone out somewhere ifsheihadn': walled 20'lomerres; her feec vould together. not be sore now. B: Oh, that would have been (be) nice! 8 A: Its pouring down. Were going to get soaked. Pr : I wish I had brought (bring) my umbrella with There — It There + be is used to mention sth for the first time or to say that sb or sth party. ts. There are a lot of people at my It + be ... to-inf / that clause is used to begin a sentence. /s 90 nce to see you opoin It is also used for distance, temperature, weather and in the following expressions: It appears/seems that, It looks like, It is said that, Ie doesn't matter etc. lé looks like it's going to be o worm doy, Note: There's no point in/I’s pointless + -ing form. There's no point inilt’s pointless trying to change his mind DS. Fill ins shore oF ie 1 ies great school and there are lots of after-school 6 There are ways in which we can all help to reduce clubs. crime. 2. There's a good documentary on in a while; do you 7 Are there any good films on at the cinema? It’s a want to watch it? ‘g00d night to go out. 3. There are many advantages to nanotechnology but B It looks easy to operate but there are always ic still needs a lot of research. hidden problems. 4/ Ic seems that someone has broken into Ann's flat. 9 Is ica good thing to rely on technology so much? 5 Its pointless trying to talk to Tim; he’s in a really 10 That's a great thriller ic will have you on the edge bad mood. of your seat! Grammar Module 8 | 179Grammar Practice Section All/Both/Neither/None/Whole/Either/Every All refers to more than two people, things or groups. tis followed by a plural verb. All of vien oie interesting books Ie can go after the verb to be, icy ove all very hoppy about the fornly reunion, Or after an auxiliary verb, but before the main verb, They have all gone owoy. They all enjoyed the party AAlll can be followed by day/morning/weeklyear, as been lying in bed all doy Both/All can gora) after the verb to be, Miey ae all/both excited They were both/all ved. oF b) ater an auxiliary verb bbut before the main verb. They both left carl. They have bothlall failed their exams Both (...and) refers to two people, things or groups. It has a positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb. Both Jim and Ben speak Chinese fluent Neither (..or) refers to two people, things or groups. It has a negative meaning and is followed by a singular verb in the affirmative. Neither composton » descrpuve enough, Neither john nor Peter is coming. Neither of + plural noun phrase ‘an be followed by ether a singular or plural verb in the affirmative. Neither ofthe fins are bowoflcehits.ls o boxoffice hit None of refers to more than two people, groups or things and has a negative meaning. It is used with nouns or object pronouns and is followed by either a singular or a plural verb. None of vie guests ilove here yet. ‘Whole is used with countable nouns. i 90k me a” hour to read vie whole essay Either (... oF) refers to two people or things and means any one of two. Either Tor or Poul is coming with ws Every is used with singular countable nouns. Every applicans has (o otfend an interview. Either of + plural noun phrase can be followed by either a singular or plural verb Either of these two dresses suls!sue you BUT Either dress suits you D6 Underline the correct item. | Both/Either Johnny and Brad applied for the job 6 Renovating historic buildings is both/either time- but neither/none of them got it. ‘consuming and expensive. 2 | buy all/every my clothes from designer outlets; 7 | didn't buy eitherineither of the vases even my whole/all wardrobe is full of brand names. though they were either/both nice. 3 Neither/Either of the hackers admitted to identity «8 - Whole/Every areas of science will be transformed theft but both/either looked very guilty. by nanotechnology and nonefall of us will remain 4 Sammy watched the whole/all trilogy on DVD unaffected. last night and he loved every/all of it. 9 Instructions are included with every/all computer 5 BothiEither shirts suit you and neither/either and all/every items can be delivered to your door. Of them is expensive. 10 We can neither/either watch TV or go to the cinema; what do you think? 2] Rewrite the sentences using both .. andyneither .. noryeither ... orynot only... but alson || Steven bought a computer game and so did his friend, 6 Terry doesn't like football and his brother doesn't Both Steven and his friend bought a computer game either. 2 Nicole Kidman is an actress and so is Meryl Streep. Neither Terry nor his brother like football Both Nicole Kidman and Meryl Streep are actresses. 7 If you would like something to drink, I have coffee 3. Nanotechnology hasn't been fully developed and and | have tea, memory storage systems haven't either. If you would like something to drink, | have both Neither nanotechnology nor memory storage coffee and tea. systems have been fully developed 8 The children use computers a lot and so do their 4. The film wasn't just a success at the box office, it parents. ‘was a success with the critics, too. Not only do the children use computers a lot but Not only was the flm a success at the bec office, so do their parents but also with the critics 9 Leaving a TV on standby isn't just a waste of 5 | have enough money to buy the MP3 player, but ‘energy, it's a waste of money too. not the digital camera too. Leaving a TV on standby is both a waste of energy I don't have enough money to buy both the MP3 and money. player and the digital camera, 180] Grammar Module §Grammar Practice Section Causative Form '® We use have + objecti(thing) + past participle to say that we arrange for someone to do something for us. '/e ‘atked the gardener to mow the lawn. He had the lawn mown. (He didn't doit himself The gardener did i) Present Simple /© ios his car serviced wice 0 year Present Continuous / is hoving his car serviced ot she moment Past Simple He had his car serviced last month Past Continuous He was having his car serviced when his brother colled. Future Simple He will have his car serviced next Monday. Future Continuous At | o'clock tomorrow, he will be having his car serviced Present Perfect «ios just had his car serviced Present Perfect Continuous! fas been having his cor serviced since his morning Past Perfect He had had his car serviced before he left for holdoy Past Perfect Continuous had been having his car serviced. Infinitive He may have his cor serviced tomorrow. ing form His cor i so old that theres no point in having it serviced. The verb “to have", used in the causative, forms its negations and questions with doldoes (Present Simple) or did (ast Simple). She didn’t have the dress shortened. Did hee have the parcels delivered? The causative form can be used instead of the passive to refer to accidents and misfortunes. i fi is eg broke in the accident (= His leg was broken inthe accident.) Make/Have + object/(person) + bare infinitive are used to express that someone causes someone else to do something, but their meaning is slighty diferent. > made Ann sig the contrac (Me insisted that Ann should sign the contract), He had Ann sign the controct. (He asked Ann to sign the contract) Get + objecti(person) + to-inf shows that someone persuades someone else to do something: °y. '> gor Steve ‘to move the furiture. (He persuaded Steve to move the furniture), De a) Rewrite the sentences using the causative form, as in the example. 1 The decorator is painting Julie's house. Julie is having her house painted. 2. The hairdresser is cutting Jimmy's hair. Jimmy is having his hair cut. 3. Someone fixed his computer for him. He had his computer fixed. 4 The mechanic is going to repair David's car tomorrow. David is going to have his car repaired tomorrow. 5 Someone has delivered pizza to Norman. Norman has had pizza delivered. b) Rewrite the sentences in the causative form, as in the example. 1 Does someone mow your lawn? Do you have your lawn mown? 2. Will the secretary type your letters? Will you have your letters typed? 3. Is someone going to install an alarm system for you? ‘Are you going to have an alarm system installed? 4. Is the optician going to test his eyes today? Is he going to have his eyes tested today? 5. Did someone replace your broken window? Did you have your broken window replaced? O). Rephrase the following using have, make or get, as in the example. Her husband persuaded her to wear the red dress. Her husband got her to wear the red dress. She asked the shop assistant to deliver her purchases to her house. She had the shop assistant deliver her purchases to her house, Douglas insisted that his brother help him do the washing up. Douglas made his brother help him do the washing up. Tl try to persuade them to go on holiday with us. | will try to get them to go on holiday with us. Why don’t you ask your brother to pick you up from the airport? Why don’t you get your brother to pick you up from the airport? She is going to i 2 full refund. She is going to make the travel agent give her a full refund. ‘The protesters persuaded the scientists to change their minds. The protesters got the scientists to change their minds. ist that the travel agent give her Grammar Module 5 | 181Grammar Practice Section Concession Clauses of concession are used to express a contrast. They are introduced with the following words/phrases: but, cthoughleven thoughithough, in spite ofldespit, however, while/whereas, yet, sti, nevertheless, on the other hand © but He hed @ good voice but he never sang in publi. although/even though/though + clause Even though is more emphatic than although. Though is informal and is often used in everyday speech. It can also be put at the end of a sentence. AlthoughlEven thoughiThough it was hot, he wore boots. He wore boots althoughleven though/though it wos hot twas hot. He wore boots, though. in spite offdespite + nounl-ing form In spite ofiDespite his talent, fe couldn't find a job He couldn't find 0 job in spite ofidespite his talent. in spite ofidespite + the fact that + clause In spite ofiDespite the fact that he had talent, he couldn't get a job Clauses of Result Clauses of result are used to express result. They are introduced with the following words/phrases: ‘5 a result, therefore, consequentlylas a consequence, so, solsuch .. that etc ‘as a result/therefore/consequently/as a eansequence The hole in the ozone layer is becoming bigger and bigger. As @ result/Therefore/ ConsequentiyiAs a consequence the Earth’s temperature is rising at on olaming rate 201] wos feling lonely, 0 | went to visit my friend such alan + adjective + singular countable noun Jack is such @ good singer that everybody loves him. such + adjective + plural/uncountable noun They were such nice people that | will never forget their kindness. twas such heavy luggage thot we had to pay excess boggoge charge at the airport such a lot of + plural/uncountable noun He hos got such a lot of books that he hes to buy @ new bookcase There wos such a lot of work to do thot I couldn't finish on time. so + adjectiveladverb She felt so embarrassed thet she blushed. The thief ran so fast that nobody was able to catch him. so muchilittle + uncountable noun so manyifew + plural noun There was so much smog thot I couldh’t see the view. Ive got so little money thot | can't pay the rent. There were so many mistakes in the book thet it hod to be reprinted. He had so few plastic cups that he had to go and buy more. 182| Grammar Module § © howeverinevertheless ‘A comma is always used after however/nevertheless. He left earl: MoweveriNevertheless, he missed the bus. whilelwhereas She is blonde, whileiwhereas her brother has dark brown hair yet (formal)istill ewes June, yet it was quite cold ‘My house is old Stilt in very good condition ‘on the other hand ‘My new house isin o safer area. On the other hand, it is much smaller than my old one. howeverino matter how + adjladv + subject + verb We couldn't convince him howeverino matter how hhard we tried Clauses of Purpose Clauses of purpose are used to explain why somebody does something. They are introduced with the following wordslexpressions: © cornfinitive Mry phoned the doctor to make an oppointment. © in order tolso as to + infinitive (Formal) Nie «0/0 requested that everyone work overtime in order to meet the newspaper deadline. so that + can/will (present/uture reference) Tol iy number s0 that you can call me when you get there so that + could/would (past reference) '¢ finshed his homework eorly so that he could go out with us. in case + present tense (present or future reference) Take a coat in case itis cold in case + past tense (past reference) Sie had token her cell phone in ease she needed it Note: in case is never used with will or would. for + noun (expresses the purpose of an action) They went to ther friends house for dinner. for + -ing form (expresses the purpose of something ‘or its function) Knives are ako used for eutting meat with a view to + ing form th Riciorsons soved money with a view to buying o house ‘We can express negative purpose using: © in order not to/so as not to + infinitive H= ode 4 list of the things he had to buy so as not to forget anything. prevent + noun/pronoun (+ from) + -ing form Violent winds prevented the plane (from) departing.Grammar Practice Section () Join the sentences using the words in brackets. 1 She borrowed her dad's car without asking him. He was in a bad mood all day. (as a result) She borrowed her dad's car without asking him, and as 4 result he was in a bad mood all day. 2 It was a windy night. Some tiles blew off our roof. (uch ... that) It was such a windy night that some tiles blew off our roof. 3. The shop is expensive. Not mary people can afford to shop there. (so ... that) The shop is so expensive that not many people ‘ean afford to shop there. 4° Shaun has short spiky hair and wears unusual clothes. People often misjudge him. (as a consequence) Shaun has short spiky hair and wears unusual clothes and as a consequence people often rmisjudge him 5 There are many advantages to nanotechnology. More time and money should be invested init. (50 ... that) ‘There are so many advantages to nanotechnology ‘that more time and effort should be invested in it 6 1 moved out of the city. It was too noisy and polluted. (due to the fact that) I moved out of the city due to the fact that it was, t00 noisy and polluted. 7 John hasn't got married yet. He hasn't found the right girl. (as) John hasn't got married yet as he hasn't found the right girl 8 Pirates of the Caribbean is a fantastic film. '™m going to buy it on DVD. (such ... that) Pirates of the Caribbean is such a fantastic film that I'm going to buy it on DVD. 9 Dave never has any money left at the end of the ‘month. He spends it all on computer games. (since) Dave never has any money left at the end of the month since he spends it all on computer games. 10 He was arrested by the police. A witness had identified him. (on the grounds that) He was arrested by the police on the grounds that ‘a witness had identified him. 1 The match went ahead despite/although the heavy rain. 2 I'm going to solve this problem even though! however long it takes. 3. Til write it down so thatlin case | forget it. 4 In spite of the fact that/Despite she is poorly- paid, she is always well-dressed Yet/Even though he bought a car to get to work, he was stil late almost every day. Nicky didn’t expect to pass the exam. Despite/ Nevertheless, she was disappointed when she didn't Despite/Although he ran wel, he only finished third, However/Even though | have a good memory, | still write shopping lists. While/Despite being very handsome, he didn’t have a lot of confidence. Philip is studying history in case/so that he can become a teacher. 2) Choose the correct answer. 4 fe was raining ....... she didn't have an umbrella, Awhile © but B despite D in spite of Aceractive it seemed to live in the countryside, we found it far too quiet. ‘Aeven though © though B however D despite I ove new gadgets, | wouldn't want all my memories in a storage system. A However C Despite Even though D inspite of Computers undoubtedly make our lives easier «sae they also lead to the digital divide. ‘A Though © However B Despite D In spite of the fact . being extremely rich, he stil ives in a small fla in the city. An spite of the fact that © Despite B Although D Whereas There are high street fashion shops nowadays that people are spoilt for choice. Aso much of © such lots of such a lot of D so many of She's taken outa loan ....... buy a house. Aso that © B in case D inorder . hard he tries, he just can't seem to save any money. A Des © Nevertheless B Although D However Hf that film is ....... good, then why did it get bad reviews from the critics? Assuch ©so B so much D sucha lot of His job was badly paid. ......., he decided to find a better one. A In spite of © Despite @ Therefore D Even though Grammar Module § | 183Grammar Practice Section Far — Every — Each — Much —Too — Even — A bit — Any further/farther (adv) = longer in distance He 10s furtherifarther every doy further (ad) = more Further information is needed to complete the report, very + adj/ady of positive degree /- very potient wih ys chico even/much/far/a bit + adj/adv of comparative degree |: even/inuch/farla bit colder than ¢ wos yesterday most + adjladv of positive degree = very 10 1/2 most welcome 10 vit us They are most hospitable wih vetors any + adjladv of comparative degree (used in negations and questions) =» {ey ony better” too + adj of positive degree + for sb + to do sth bo: © too heavy for me to lift ‘each + singular countable nouns = one by one (considered individually) Fac! sar ber of the team wos given e-slver medal every + singular countable nouns = all (people and things in a group) Every House 0 te sweet hos 0 fieploce | every + plural countable nouns: to show how often something happens "iors 5 © bus every ‘venty minutes Choose the correct answer. -. employee will be given a pay increase. 33 Bevery C Most 1 She was ....... helpful and answered all my B Any D Much questions. , ae een !°darkness § night 1 voices (lights 1 Which paragraph sets the scene? good cold terrible total longest faint. dim 2. What is the main event? |. Fillin the adverbs the writer uses with the following See verbs. Make sentences using these phrases. 4 What happened in the end? 1 easily finish 4 climbed down carefully 5 How did the character feel? 6 Underline the direct speech in the model. b) Read the model again and complete the paragraph plan. €) List the events in the order they happened. Use them to tell the class a short summary of the stor *Y (Gee Answe? Section) [4] The building started to collapse. [2] He went to the security office. [8] A man found him. [5] He fell and got trapped. (7) He went to work [3] He heard a rumble. [7] He heard voices. [5] The rescuer pulled him out. [6] He shouted for help. 5] 186) Further writing Practice: Stories 2 literally started to collapse | 5 hurting terribly 3» shout frantically BEM Me lnc ete erates the correct order. Then write a story based on them entitled: A Flight to Remember. Write your story (120- 180 words). (Gee Answer Section)Se a SE See eee © Descriptive Techniques > To make your story more interesting to the reader you can: - © use a variety of adjectives and adverbs that bring the text to Iie 0 The lovely ol day ltd warmly tira © use direct speech and a variety of verbs such as: exclaimed, itered, examed, announced tentioned, stated, exprossed, shouted, ete 10 avoid using sad all the time: eg” Instead of saying “Let's go!” he said, you can say “Let's go!” he exclaimed. © use your senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch): eg I eard the sound of shattering glass and saw people running hurriedly towards the exit could smell something burning and a blast of hot air blew past me. I felt the heat increasing as I strugeled 10 stand up © Adjectives/Adverbs 6 Replace the words in bold with one of the adjectives or adverbs from the lists. fierce ® =n That day, Amy and Mark cobign't believe their bad luck! They gone mountain climbing 1) many times before, but never/had they experienced such 2) cold temperatures and 3) strong winds, They realised they would hae to find shetter 4) fagt betore they got into 5) serious trouble. freezing quickly hugexaw,ul narrowly] 8 extremely, _— aaa Tom and Amanda had just Sgared a(n) 1) nice evening out with friends. On their way home, driving along a mountain road, they suddenly saw a(n) 2) big rock blocking their way. Tom slammed on the brakes immediately and managed to stop the car. They were 3) very lucky because they 4) just ‘missed having a(n) 5) bad accident. Z pleasant ‘exremely narrowly peaceful The 1) old lady lived in an) 2) big house on a(n) 3) quiet street ‘near the edge of town. She had lived there alll her life and her house was filled with 4) nice 5) old furniture and collectibles. She spent most of her fiehe in a(pf 6) smalll parlour at the back Of the house reading/Books in front of afn) 7) hot fire. beautiful = antique — tiny Blazing Further Writing Practice: Stories 7 Fill in: ictoriously, politely, cautiously, quickly, happily, wearily, fortunately, gently, always, seriously. 1 She politely excused herself from the dinner table. 2 None of the hotel guests were seriously injured in the fre. 3 You should always wash your hands before you eat. 4. The man instructed everyone to walk ‘quickly towards the exit. 5. The trainer cautiously approached the lion. 6 Fortunately the plane landed safely and on time. 7 Becky happily accepted the invitation to the birthday party. 8 The boy gently stroked the puppy and ‘wrapped it in a blanket. 9 The family wearily returned home after their weekend of camping in the mountains. 10 The team victoriously celebrated ‘winning the championship. © Using a variety of veros Complete the sentences with: exclaimed, shouted, assured, whispered, explained, screamed, 1 “Everything will be fine,” he assured her. 2. “You look gorgeous,” Tom exclaimed in admiration. 3. “Hide in here! Quick!” she shouted just before the door burst open. 4 “Oh, no! It’s going to fall!” she screamed in terror. 5 “It was all my fault” he explained to the police officer 6 “Psst. Over here.” whispered a strange Further Writing Practice: stories | 187Further Writing Practice: Stories * Feelings Stories should illustrate how the characters feel, e.g. anger happiness, sadness, frustration, loneliness, ete ‘This makes them more interesting to the reader and brings the characters to li )) Read the following story endings which describe how the characters feel. ‘gaps with the adjectives: strato, 2021 y, lonely, happy, sade in the 1 The boy looked at me and smiled. had saved 4 Everything she had told me was a le. was very his life. felt so happy. angry with her and | could never forgive her. 2 She was badly hurt. There was nothing 5 He waved his mother goodbye as she | could do to help her. | was so frustrated entered the coach. Suddenly, he felt very 3. I knew the vet had done his best but he couldn't lonely save my dog | wanted to crys felt really sad, ‘© Beginning and ending a story (See Answer Section for more information . on how to set the scene) The beginning and ending of a story is very directly addressing the reader important. A good beginning will stimulate interest e asking a rhetorical question and make the reader want 10 continue reading the Ways of ending a story: story. A good ending will give the reader asense of" y cfm a using direct speech basking a thetorical question describing your reactions, feelings or mood Ways of starting a story: a creating atmosphere by describing the 4. describing other people's reactions or felings weather, people, setting the scene, ete e creating a feeling of suspense or mystery busing dict speech, either a statement eee Besie Eecbeaer ta ons cso ey 3 expressing someone's mood or feelings _ #10 begin or end a story. |[) Match the beginnings (1-4) to the have been used in each. GeeginningsR = enainge ndings (A-D), then decide which techniques ‘When we got ou into the fresh ar reheved We wor sao atlas" He ran away as fast as he could. He wasn't sure fathered geen but ne kre he woud never ge ear that house agai. When the doctor told us Us we had saved the man's ewe wer lad. He was ily hat we nec io work a Ite earlier that winter's morning, James. was ea “OK 20 wean ns Yatoy ne rouge, but How kexts eet te ooking” He waled back to Ip camp, emus fo sar is search agin || Write a beginning and an ending for a story entitled “A Day to Remember”. Use any of the techniques above. (Gee Answer Section) 188} Further writing Practice: Stories© Descriptions in stories Stories may include descriptions of the people, objects or places involved in the event(s). ‘* When you describe physical appearance, remember to include details of: height, build, age, facial features, hair, clothes, moving from general adjectives to more specific ones: e.g. John was a tall, well-built man, He had aan oval face with bright blue eyes and a big nose. His short, fair hair made him look sophisticated. He always dressed smartly in a well-cut suit and tie ‘* When you describe a person’s character, you should always justify the qualities you mention each time: eg. He was so reliable, he would never let you down. The negative qualities should be written using mild language: e.g. Instead of saying: He was aggressive, you can say: He had/showed displayed a tendency to be aggressive or He could be aggressive at times. a) The foll people's physical character them as in the example. Compare with your partner. (Gee Answer Section) sbiue * short + oval *tiny * straight * freckled "dark * of medium height * slim * upturned ‘* muscular * brown * wavy * overweight ‘*blond(e) *almond-shaped + long * plump ‘wrinkled * ugly * shabby + crooked * elegant ‘attractive * fashionable * slanting + tall casual * curly * green + well-built b) Find pictures of people from magazines. Describe them to your partner. (Gee Answer Section) B Further Writing Practice: Stories a) Fill in: lazy, intelligent, practical, reliable, patient, lively, unstable, generous, boring, optimistic. Mary was a very reliable person.You could always count on her to do what you asked her to. He tended to be unstable. His mood was likely to change at any time. He was a very lazy person. He did nothing but watch TV most of the day. Mike could often be boring. He had a tendency to repeat the same old stories. She had a very optimistic outlook on life. She always looked on the bright side. She never expected anything to go wrong. The teacher was very patient with her students. She always explained things several times. The little boy was so intelligent he could learn things quickly and easily. Her uncle was very generous. He always gave money to ch Josh was very lively. He was full of energy and high spirits. Her husband was very practical. He repaired ‘everything around the house. b) Use appropriate adjectives to describe a friend of yours to your partner. (Gee Answer Section) |] Make sentences with the following eg. personality traits. Justify the adjectives when describing a person. (See Answer Section) ‘pleasant * reserved * sensible * selfish helpful «naive * unreliable + silly * honest “unpredictable * serious * curious * dishonest + pessimistic * sociable + witty + amusing * dull Her children were very pleasant. They abways behaved ina polite and friendly manner. 189 Further Writing Practice: StoriesFurther Writing Practice: Stories © When you describe objects you can use a variety of adjectives. You should bear in mind the following ord. Opinion, Size/Weight, Age, Shape, Colour, Country of | Origin, Material NOUN Instead of saying “fe was holding a box” we can say “He was holding a beautiful, heart-shaped, velvet box.” We do not normally use more than three adjectives to describe a noun. ‘We can add more information in a prepositional phrase after the noun: e.g. It was a beautiful, heart-shaped, velvet box with a red ribbon on it [5 The following adjectives describe objects. Use them to complete the table, as in the example. [6 Read the following extract from a story and put the adjectives into the correct order, then cover the text and try to describe the suitcase in the picture. (eather, of, eqar) sutcas was inthe corner of the suitcase was covered by a (dark, leather) patch, which fastened by (meta, tiny, beautiful, disgusting, E __ blue, purple, red, CP ateractive | Feit | Size! “|large.cnormous, | igi, Eeyptlan, Spanish, Weight | ight, little, heavy British, Chinese cld,ancient, modern, | pg woollen, rubber, Age | new [Material cee, metal Shape | 27 Tound square, carpet a l |) Show and tell, Bring objects from home or choose objects in the classroom and describe them to your partner. (Ss’ own answers) © Discuss & Write Read the rubrics and answer the questions. Choose one and write your story. (See Answer Section) Your teacher has asked you to write a story for an international magazine. The story must. start with the following words: I had never been so surprised in my whole life Write your story (120-180 words). a - You have decided to enter a short story competition. The competition rules say that the story must be entitled: A Special Birthday Present. Write your story (120-180 words) What should you write? Who is your target reader? Who can the main character(s) be? ‘What can the story be about? ieee ‘Swap papers and evaluate your partner's story. Think about: spelling mistakes, poragraph structure, sequence of events, tenses.ine = Ieranive ‘opp = oppose, Be bbe about to = (int) be on the point of He was about to leave when the phone rong be after = (tr) chase The pole ware after the thief belgo down with down with the fu bbe for = (7) be in favour of (opp: be against) They are al) for the propesal to demelsh the od bulirg. be in for = (t) expect sth, usu bad We are in for bod weather. be off = (tr) be absent from school/work Bill lant in his office. He's off for two das bbe on = (1) be shown on TV. at the cinemal (ee) be i with John is theatre etc There's 0 good flm on ot the Odeon. be out = |) (int) be unfashionable Bogey trousers are out this season. 2) (ne) (of ight) have stopped buming The fre Is out thats why cold in ere be over = (int) have come to an end The film starts at &.00 and will be over ot 8.00, bbe through with = (in) have ended a relationshipliob exc We're through with Bob; hes so selfish be up t0 = |) (tr) be capable of Let toke the cooch - dont think 'm up to ding 50 fr. 2) (te) feel ike doing sth usu sth wrong The children must be up to something = theyre very quiet Break . bbreake down = |) (int) (of machinery) stop ‘working The car broke down so we missed ur ght 2) (int) (ofa person) lose control of feelings. She broke down when she wos told her grandmother was deod. 3) (int fall (alks/negociations etc) Negototons broke down and wor wes dedored 4) (er) separate under headings She broke the Ist down into categorie bbreak in = (int) enter by force or ilegally Burpars broke in and stale al our money. bbreak into = |) (1) enter by force He broke Into the house and sole some money. 2) (@) interrupt He broke into our camversation to osk somethin. break off = (tr) end a relationship! agreement Ann broke off her relationship wih Tony. break out =|) (it) begin suddenly (war et) War broke out between the two countries 2) (int) eseape (from prison) The prisoner broke out of prison. break through = (int) advance (in spite of ‘oppesition) The solders broke through the enemy lines. break to = (qr) cll (su bad news) to sb in a kind way She hd to break the bad news to Jon, ‘break up = (int) end a relationship Ann and Tony are no longer together they broke up lost week Bring — bring about = (e) cause to happen The end ofthe wor Brought about ret changes. bring round to = ) (a) cause to regain consciousness; bring to The poured cold water on her fce tring her round 2) () persuade: bring over (to) She tried o bring him round to her point of bring back = (7) cause to reall Thi smell brings bock chiaood memories bring down = (x) cause fll The meosires brought down te goverment bring forward = (2) move sth to an ealer date or time The exom dete was brought forward by 0 week bring in = (7) erate profmoney His pon brought in lts of mavey bring on = (c) cause, su sth unpleasant The damp wearer brought om his cl bring out = () put onthe marke The new shampoo willbe Brought out next May. bring up =I) (e) rasa child She wos brought up by her pndparent s her parents were abroad. 2) (er) mencon/nroduce a subject You ‘oun’ hove Brought thot mater up in from of Sto Call call for = (@) need The stution calls for inmediote ocion. ‘all in = (ine visit briey She called in lost ‘Monday to see our new fat. call off = (er) cancel The wp wos called off ‘due to bod weether ‘call on sb = (tr) visit formally Our representative wil eal on you next Mondo, call out = (t) order to come to sbs help Al frefghters were called out to save the burning theatre. ‘all up = (@) order to join the army Thousands of young men were colled up during Work Wor Carry — bbe carried away = be very excited They were all carried away by his perfermance. ‘carry off = (cr) handle a dificult situation successfully She earried her speech off well carry on (with) = (tr) continue with Carry ‘on with your work while we are out Appendix | - Phrasal Verbs carry out = (1) conduct an experiment They carried out some tests tose the effects ofthe new dug carry through = complete successfully dan think anyone bt Mat can eary this project through. Come — 1) ndimeet by chance | {came across ts in on artiue shop. ‘come around = |) int) vse casually Come around any tne or of. 2} (ns) recover conscousness To the dco’ suprise the potent came round quicky. 3) it) happen again (for regular events) Easter comes around ery ths yer, doesn't ° 4) (int be persuaded to change your rind (abut) Im beginning come fround your way of inking come by = (tr) obtain Everybody wonders ow he came by so much money. ‘come down with = (j) become i go ‘down with Im sure 'm coming down wth oe fu come forward = (int) appear and offer help or information A winess came forward and descrbed the events of the ‘come into = (t) inherit He came Into 0 large sum of money ofr hs grndfther died come off = (int) suceeed Despite ol is planning the deal did't come off come on =I) nt) make progress The eect hos ely come on quickly in the lost wo dys 2) (on) begin broadcasting. The new series comes on Channel 4in on hou ‘come out = |) rt) (of flowers) begin to ‘ossom Rees come out in sunmer 2) (en) be published When does his new book come out? 3) (a) (of sais) beable co be removed Tis wie stain wil come out if you eit soak in warm wee. come over = (er) visit Come over fr diner tomorow right come to = (tr) amount to 2 total The bill came to £50. come up = |) (nt) be mentioned Hi name ‘came up in the comeraton 2) () aise; occur Such an opportunity comes up ore i ete. ‘come up to = (7) approach Asronge man ‘came up to me ond asked me for money. come up with = (¢) find (an answer, Soliton etc) He come up with ebilart lan osove the company. Appendix || 191Appendix | - Phrasal Verbs Cut cut across = («) take a shorter way Cut ‘cross ti fel Ifyou no hurry. cut back (on) = (v) reduce (expenses, production): eut down on We must eut bock on eating out we jst can ofod ‘eu in = |) (nt) move suddenly infront of another car Acar eut in and forced us slow down. 2) (in) ncerrupe Weuld you mind not cutting in unt Ive fished speaking? ‘ut into = (x) incerrupe The chileren kept cutting into our conersaton cut off =|) (@) disconnect Our lecticiy wos eut off as we cin pay the bil on tine. 2 (isolate (usu places) The flood eut off the loge foro week ‘cutout = (7) omic Your arte fre provided ou eut out the fourth paragraph be cut out = be suited for (a professor) | don't thik Pm eut outto be o teacher =I haven’ gt ercugh patience cut up = (c) cut int small pieces Cut up the mec fr hy ~ eters he won't be ale peat Do a ddo away with = (er) abolish Most countries hhave done away with copitl punishment do in = (er) kill He threatened to de her in if she didnt cooperate do over = (cr) do sth again from the beginning My boss didnt Ike the report. so 1 had to do it over. do up = (tx) fasten; ie Do up your jacket is col do with = (r) want cou do witha cup of te. do without = (c) lve or continue without having sth There’ no mil left- wel have to do without. Draw SS draw back = |) (1) be unig to ful promis: pull back Athough he had promised to heb us he drew back tthe ost rite. 2) (ne) move away On seeing the snoke she drew back in teror. ‘draw in = (cr) (f breath) breathe deeply He drew in a deep breathe before ansiering the question. draw on = (tr) to use previous knowledge fr experience to do sth His music draws heaiy om his dif chilhood draw out = 1) (tr) encourage sb to be less shy He very shy, someone should draw him out, 2) (er) take money out ofa bank account He drew out some money to oy his ent. 192| Appendix 1 draw up = |) (ofa vehicle) stop The car drew ‘up outside the buicng and wo men got out 2) (tz) write cut (il ist, contract etc) My randftter had a lawyer draw up his wil ost year Fall fall apart = (ix) come to pieces Ths book ‘is so old that its falling apart. fallback on = turn to est for help when other plans have failed Keep some money Inthe book fallback om in case somedhng goes wong {all behind = (fal to keep up with The company canclled hs cred card when he fell behind with his payers. fall for = |) (2) lin love with sb Gus fll for Mary ot ret seh. 2)() be deceived Everybody fl for her ies fallin = (ie) collapse Im of the roof wil fallin fn crthuoke hits the ores fallin with = () agree with Al members of the commie fell in with the sugeston to uld anew hospital {all into = (x) be divided into (categories) This rove fall into the category of sri avert fall through = (nil tobe completed Our plans fell through due to lack of mone. Get a get across = (te) suecessfuly communicate ideas The teacher got hs message across by wing ogra. get along = it) continue despce