WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR ALARM
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Alenogines San Diego
SUBMITTED BY:
Ivy kim D. Timkang
Mark Anthony A. Dalura
Novarian cynth ochigue
Shenna Mae Guyo
Darlyn Arsenal
Nonie Aser
Introduction
The Water Level Indicator Alarm employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate
the water level in an overhead tank or any other water container.
The circuit is designed to indicate four levels of water stored in the tank: low,
medium, high and full but not overflowing.
When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an indication that the tank
is completely empty.
When water level reaches to point A, circuit with RED LED & transistor Q1 gets
completed and RED LED glows. Similarly when water level reaches to point B, circuit
with YELLOW LED and transistor Q2 gets completed and Yellow LED glows, same
goes with point C. And finally when tank gets full (Point D), circuit with buzzer gets
completed and buzzer starts beeping.
Objective
To study the controller model and observed its characteristics.
To propose any ideas or improvements that can lead to future development of the
controller.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
4 - BC547 transistors
6 - 220 ohm resistors
3 - Colour led
1 – Buzzer
5 - 9v battery + battery clip
Metal Contacts – A,B,C,D.
Connecting Wires
TRANSISTOR
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three
terminals for connection to an external circuit.
Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate
transmission lines, among other uses.
Light-emitting diode
A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, releasing energy in
the form of photons.
Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
Battery
A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and
electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode
and its negative terminal is the anode.
Working
Here we are using transistor (of NPN type) as a Switch. Initially there is no voltage
applied to the base of the Transistor Q1 and the transistor is in OFF state and no
current is flowing through collector and emitter and LED is OFF. When the water level
reaches to Point A in the tank, the positive side of the battery gets connected to the
base of the Transistor Q1 through the water. So when a positive voltage has been
applied to the base of the Transistor Q1, it gets into ON state and current starts
flowing from collector to emitter. And RED LED glows.
You can see resistors (R1, R2, R3) at the base of each transistor, which is used to limit
the maximum Base current. Generally a transistor gets its ON state fully when a
voltage of 0.7 V is applied to the base. There are also resistors (R4, R5, R6) with each
of the LEDs, to drop the voltage across LEDs, otherwise LED may blow up.
Same phenomenon happens when water level reaches to Point B. As soon as water
level reaches to Point B, a positive voltage gets applied to the Transistor Q2, it gets
ON and current started flowing through YELLOW LED, and LED glows. With same
principle, GREEN LED glow when water level reaches to Point C.And finally Buzzer
beeps when water level reaches to D.
Conclusion
Water level indicator is a simple yet effective way to prevent wastage of water. We
can conclude that this system is very beneficial in rural as well as urban areas. It
helps in the efficient utilization of available water source. It can provide a major
contribution in the conservation of water for us and the future generations.
