READING & TRAINING Tristan and IsoldeEditors: Rebecca Raynes, Robert Hill Design and art direction: Nadia Maestri Computer graphics: Simona Corniola Picture research: Laura Lagomarsino ©2007 Black Cat Publishing, an imprint of Cideb Editrice, Genoa, Canterbury First edition: April 2007 Picture credits: Cideb Archive; The Granger Collection, New York: 5; © Ellen Rooney / Robert Harding World Imagery / CORBIS: 20; TOUCHSTONE PICTURES / Album: 67; ORION / WARNER BROTHERS / Album: 68. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. We would be happy to receive your comments and suggestions, and give you any other information concerning our material. editorial@blackcat-cideb.com www.blackcat-cideb.com www.cideb.it aS TEACHING MATERIALS | : The quatity of the publisher's | design, production and sales processes has | been certified to the standard of UNI EN ISO 9001 ISBN 978-88-530-0643-1 Book ISBN 978-88-530-0642-4 Book + CD ' Printed in Italy by Litoprint, GenoaThe Story of Tristan and Isolde 4 PART ONE The Minstrel 9 PART TWO. Sir Morholt 22 PART THREE The Dragon 30 PART FOUR Seneschal 40 PART rive The Green Bottle 50 PART SIX Queen |solde of (ornwall 60 PART SEVEN Sir Tristan of |yonesse 70 Dossier Cornwall and the Celtic Nations 18 King Arthur: fact or fiction? 67 INTERNET PROJECTS 28, 69 15, 26, 36, 47, 56, 65, 75 Se 7 KEY TO EXIT TEST 79 KET KET-style.activities 8, 15,17, 26, 29, 38, 39, 47, 56, 58, 65, 76 T:GRADE3 Trinity-style activities 21, 66 This story is recorded in full. V4 These symbols indicate the beginning and end of the passages [FS linked to the listening activities.The story of Tristan and Isolde The story of Tristan and Isolde takes place during the time of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Most of the story takes place in Cornwall and Ireland, but at the end we find Tristan in Brittany. All these places are part of ‘the Celtic world’: you will read about this on pages 18-20. The story of Tristan and Isolde is one of the most popular stories of the Middle Ages. It is an old legend and like all old legends many writers wrote about it through the centuries. The most famous versions are by the German writer Gottfried von Strassburg, who died about 1219, and the English writer Sir Thomas Malory (about 1405-1471), who wrote a collection of stories based on Arthur and his knights called Le Morte D’Arthur (‘the Death of Arthur’ in French). The story is also represented in music, art and film. In 1857-59, the German composer Richard Wagner composed the opera Tristan and Isolde, one of the most important pieces of music of the 19th century. There are several films of the story, both for the cinema and television. The most recent is the American Tristan and Isolde (2006), produced by Ridley Scott, and starring James Franco and Sophia Myles. eo Famous lovers The 2006 film used this sentence to promote it: ‘Before Romeo and Juliet there was Tristan and Isolde.’ What other famous pairs of lovers do you know from literature, music and film? Make a list in class. Do their stories end happily or sadly? 2we A 2 ae! LU ARE See Berner = GERMAN: Vlambeng CUM. pifualfinngtt”™ OR Winccrcom aie i Leumantsy tanicus ants Lore B Geen PE cps El Aces This map of the British Isles and northern France (1623) shows the so-called Celtic nations.Before you read Vocabulary Match the words with the pictures. Use a dictionary to help you. knight minstrel harp sword spear armour “lance shield Listening You will hear the beginning of the story. Listen and complete questions 1-5. Time of day: People present: i 2 3 Where the minstrel is from: 4 Where the minstrel sat: ona .w. 5 What he played:PART ONE The Minstrel ne cold winter evening King Arthur and his Jt knights were sitting at the Round Table in the castle of Camelot. Suddenly a tall young man came into the great hall. He had dark hair and dark, sad eyes. His clothes were old but clean. He had a harp under his arm. ‘Welcome to Camelot, young man,’ said King Arthur. ‘Are you a minstrel?’ “Yes, your majesty, | am,’ said the young man. ‘Where are you from?’ asked King Arthur. ‘I'm from Cornwall,’ answered the minstrel. ‘Well,’ said King Arthur, ‘we like minstrels and their stories. Tellusa good story about brave knights and lovely ladies.’ ‘Do you know the story of Sir Tristan of Lyonesse?’! asked one of the knights. ‘Yes, | do,’ answered the minstrel. ‘Sir Tristan is a brave knight, but his story is very sad.’ 1. Lyonesse : legend says that this land lies at the bottom of the sea between Land's End (the most western point of Cornwall) and the Isles of Scilly.Tristan and Jsolde ‘sit down and tell us,’ said King Arthur. Everyone in the hall was interested in the story of Sir Tristan of Lyonesse. The minstrel sat on a stool and started telling his story to the king and his knights. Sometimes he spoke and sometimes he sang and played his harp. This is the story he told: For many years there were wars between Cornwall and Ireland. The Irish often sailed across the sea to Cornwall and attacked it. There were terrible battles and many people died. King Mark of Cornwall wanted peace! but the Irish did not. He didn’t know what to do. One day he asked his cousin King Rivalin of Lyonesse for help. ‘Help me fight the Irish and you can marry my beautiful sister,’ said King Mark to his cousin. ‘The Irish are my enemies too,’ said King Rivalin. ‘Tl help you fight them. Together we can win, and I'll marry your beautiful sister.’ King Rivalin and King Mark fought together and won the war against the Irish. King Rivalin married King Mark’s sister and they returned to his castle in Lyonesse, They loved each other and were very happy together. But their happiness did not continue for long. A year later King Rivalin was killed in battle. At the same time the queen had a son, but she died soon after. Before dying she called her servant, Rual. ‘Rual, I’m dying,’ said the young, beautiful queen. ‘Take my child and call him Tristan. His name means sadness. It comes from the French word “triste”. Look after him and love him like a 1. peace : a period of time with no war and violence. 10! Tristan and |solde son. And when he is a man he must go and meet my brother, King Mark of Cornwall. He will help him.’ Rual and his wife loved little Tristan and they looked after him. He became a strong, brave boy. He learned to use a sword, a spear, and to ride a horse. He also learned to play the harp and speak other languages. 2 When Tristan became a man he left Lyonesse and went to Cornwall to meet his uncle, King Mark. The king lived in a big castle in Tintagel. Tristan entered the great hall of the castle and saw his uncle for the first time. ‘Your majesty, I’m your nephew Tristan from Lyonesse.’ “My nephew, Tristan — my sister’s son!’ said King Mark, looking at the tall young man. ‘Welcome to Tintagel! This is your new home. I’m very happy you're here. My knights and | will teach you many things and you'll become a great knight.’ Everyone welcomed Tristan to the castle. He was happy with his uncle, who loved him like a son. He became a famous knight and fought in many battles. The people of Cornwall knew about his great courage and liked him. But some of the knights and nobles were jealous of him because he was King Mark’s favourite knight. One day Sir Morholt from Ireland came to Tintagel Castle. He was a gigantic man with a dark face and strong hands. ‘King Gurman of Ireland sent me here,’ he said in a loud voice. ‘He wants a tribute from you, King Mark.’ ‘A tribute?’ said King Mark, surprised. ‘Yes, a tribute!’ said Sir Morholt. ‘If you send a tribute, King Gurman won’t attack Cornwall.’ ‘What is the tribute?’ asked King Mark. 12Tristan and [solde ‘You must send him thirty noble boys who will become his servants.’ ‘What!’ cried King Mark. ‘Thirty of our noble boys! This is terrible!’ ‘You must do what King Gurman wants,’ said Sir Morholt, ‘or one of your knights can fight me. If your knight wirts you don’t have to send the tribute to the king. But no one will fight me! I'm the strongest knight in the world and everyone's afraid of me.’ Everyone was silent, but Tristan’s face was red with anger. ‘| will fight you, Sir Morholt!’ said Tristan. ‘I’m not afraid of you!’ Everyone was surprised and looked at Tristan. ‘No, Tristan, don’t fight him — he’s too big and strong,’ said King Mark. ‘You can’t win! He'll kill you.’ ‘No, Uncle Mark,’ said Tristan, ‘I’m a knight of Cornwall and | must fight him.’ Sir Morholt looked at the young man in front of him and started laughing. Tristan was much shorter and thinner than the Irish giant. ‘I'll meet you in a week on the small island opposite the castle,’ said Sir Morholt. ‘Come alone, eafly in the morning!’ “ll be there!’ said Tristan, looking at Sir Morholt’s cold eyes.The text and beyond Kero Comprehension check Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 The minstrel was from Ireland. Cornwall. Camelot. n was the son of King Mark. Rual. King Rivalin. 3 Tristan learnt to ride a horse and use a knife. play the harp and use a sword. speak other languages and sing. 4 At King Mark’s court everyone was happy to welcome Tristan. [_] all the knights were jealous of Tristan. Tristan had a son. 5 Sir Morholt gave King Mark A B c 6 Trista A B c two choices. three choices. four choices. n wanted to fight Morholt because |_| Tristan was shorter and thinner. Morholt was big and strong. Tristan was angry. 15O characters Look at these sentences. Which characters are they about? He was the king’s favourite knight. He loved Tristan and looked after him. He welcomed the minstrel. He wanted something from King Mark. Tristan was his favourite knight. 1 2 3 4 5 6 a King Rivalin : Sir Morholt © Vocabulary : Put the letters of the adjectives in order and write them next to their opposite. lalt nugoy kdar dol nelca asd odog elbifuatu gronst pyaph 1 light 6 ugly 2 happy 7 dirty 3 weak 8 young 4 old 9 short 5 bad 10 sad© ‘Everyone in the hall was interested in the story’ Use the prepositions below to complete the sentences. You can use them more than once. of at with for to his nephew. .. Sir Morholt. King Mark was very proud . Tristan was angry ... King Mark was grateful ... .. King Rivalin’s help. Some of the knights were jealous ... ... Tristan. ww languages. Tristan was good Sir Morholt wasn't afraid .... .. anyone. King Mark's sister. King Rivalin was very happy .... King Mark was good .. ON ADA WN Tristan. 6 Conversations Complete these conversations. For questions 1-5, choose A, B or C. 1 Are you a knight? Yes, I'm. Yes, lam. Yes, we are. [_] Yes, I do. Yes, | know. [_] Yes, he does. 2 -Do you know the story of Tristan? oOnmr ane No, { won't fook. Yes, I'll look. Yes, I will. 3. Will you look after my child? DG That's alright. Thank you, sir. Don’t mention it. 4 Welcome to my castle! 008 OK, see you then. OK, I'll see. OK, we'll see. 5 See you next week. our awe OD { 17Cornwall and the Celtic Nations The beautiful county 1 of Cornwall is in the south-west of England The promontory ? in the south-west of Cornwall called Land’s End is the most western point of England. . Let’s first find out about Cornwall and the Celts. The Celts came from the centre of Europe in about 1200 BC.3 They moved all over ‘Two typical elements of the Cornish landscape: the rocky coast and the tin mines, very important in the past but not used now 1. county : region of the United Kingdom that has a local government. 2. promontory : a high piece of land that goes out into the sea 3. BC: Before Christ: before Christ was born. Some people use BCE (before the Common Era) instead of BC, and CE (Common Era) instead of AD (Anno Domini: after Christ was born) 18Europe, and began living in Great Britain ahd Ireland from the 5th century BC. They were living in Cornwall before the Romans came to Britain in 43 AD. After the Romans left, the Celts became important again in Cornwall. This is the period when the story of Tristan and Isolde takes place. The Anglo-Saxons finally took over Cornwall in the 9th century, but Celtic culture continued. Today Cornwall is one of the six ‘Celtic nations’, places where people like their Celtic background and want to keep it. The other five are Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Brittany (a region of north-west The Celts created a special form of the cross with a ring around it: the Celtic cross. There are many in Cornwall. France) and the Isle of Man (an island between northern Ireland and northern England). The Celtic nations all have languages that come from Celtic languages. The last person who spoke only Cornish (who didn’t also speak English) died in 1777. Now only a few Cornish people know the Cornish language, but most know the Cornish name for Cornwall — Kernow - and hundreds of place names and family names begin with Tre, Pol, or Pen, the Cornish words for town or farm, lake and head. The most important part of the Cornish economy was tin mining. ! Even before the Celts people mined tin 1. tin mining: tin is a soft metal with a silver-white colour; mining is the work of getting metal or coal from the earth. 19A legend says that King Arthur was born in Tintagel Castle on the north coast of Cornwall. The remains we can see today are of a 12th century castle, but there was a Celtic building here after the Romans left in Cornwall, and at one time all of Britain's tin came from here. But in the 20th century it became easier and cheaper to mine tin in Malaysia. The last Cornish tin mine closed in 1998. Today Cornwall is one of the poorest counties in Britain, and tourism is important for the economy. About five million tourists visit Cornwall each year. Most of them come for the beautiful countryside, coast and beaches. @ Comprehension check - Look at the words and phrases below. Prepare to say a sentence about each of them with reference to Cornwall. geographical position Celts Celtic nations | language economy tourism | @ Regions | Is there a region in your country similar to Cornwall in any way? Imagine you have a foreign visitor in class: bring some photographs to class and describe them to her/him.>> INTERNET PROJECT “ Tristan and Isolde in Art Connect to the Internet and go to www.blackcat-cideb.com or www.cideb.it. Insert the title or part of the title into our search engine. Open the page for Tristan and Isolde. Click on the Internet project link. Go down the page until you find the title of this book and click on the relevant link for this project. Work in small groups and choose 2 different pictures. Then write: > a brief description of what is happening in each one > who each picture is by and when it was painted » which one you like best and why ee Tistan and lolde in Art Tristan and Isolde in Art Isolde in Art Bearddey, Avbey (1999)-Howca Belle loud Wane to Si Tisran” Beardsley, Aubrey (1894) a alee ea mysBefore you read 8 Reading pictures Look at the pictures on pages 33 and 35 and say: . who is in each picture and what is happening what you think is going to happen next a 6 Listening B_ Choose said he killed the dragon. wanted peace between Ireland and Cornwall. felt sea sick. didn’t believe that Seneschal killed the dragon. wanted to kill Tristan. asked Tristan to teach Isolde to play the harp. wanted Isolde to be happy. didn’t tell anyone about what happened to the potion. loved Tristan like a son. thought that Tristan was a brave knight. Tristan E Lady Bragnae e F King Mark Seneschal G King Gurman Queen of Ireland three of the characters and write a phrase about each of them similar to 1-10 above. Then read them to the rest of the class, who must say who you are describing. 576 Superlatives Make superlatives from the list of adjectives below to fill the gaps and then match the two halves of the sentences. strong beautiful good(x2) brave fierce TROT WIS a csccascncnsnssnsnseasczeconoschensnens sntnsnsaninennsnsnnsdensnestiennssdtbeneelverees THEGHABORAVAS! s.csesnevesscsusenenseaseonsesisssnienenerna risen raoonunnsrasencesmeneiecnmatennen TriStaM WAS .o.ccssssssscsescsessseessessecsseesssenesesssessacseseseseenseaeseaeseeceesneaeseseaeenees ou f WN BROULE WOR. sasicatscses su ctsvnanvencastsndwntsnvesucanaencasdasilasdhaancssanivstaws sttebdevielthenrdennenne knight in King Mark’s court. D creature in Ireland. girl in Ireland. E |_| and won the battle. Ow > at preparing special herbs F man in Ireland. for curing people. Ker@ Conversation Complete the conversation below. What does Tristan say to Isolde? For questions 1-5, put the correct letter A-H in the space. Isolde: Oh, Tristan, I feel so strange. TriStON: (1) cescccsccssessesssesssccseseescescsesesescescseseescsesesacsesesecascecseesssscseecavavatecsenes Isolde: Do you love me? THSCGRS (2) cccccersssrenemssorenescenresnsmameenrrerearmegemeneunitena name NNITS Isolde: 1 love you too. Tiisteurs (3) sccccspescszncxcscncsaensianssessnoanane¥beticensadpetil desnssossscncenncoaneveasseccanusssntaansens Isolde: Our love is impossible. Tristan: (4)... Isolde: 1 must marry King Mark. But our love will never end. THISEGHIS (GB) ...sscrneversserererosernseensennenssensnnsanenenennaldl ialsdesatesuussuselbeedseasesveveacsenseean A Idon't. D No, not at all. G What are we going to do? B Yes, 1 do. E So,dol. H_ It might do. C No, it won't. F_ Yes, | know.6 Vocabulary Match the words to the pictures. stormy rainy sunny cloudy windy What kind of weather do you like and hate most? Before you read @ what happens next? With a partner read the four sentences below and discuss what you think will happen next. 1 2 3 Tristan and Isolde will run away together. Isolde will marry King Mark. King Mark will discover that Tristan and Isolde are in love and will refuse to marry Isolde. King Mark will discover that they are in love and will kill both of them. Your idea: © Look at the picture on page 63. In pairs: 1 talk about who you can see in the picture 2 talk about what they are doing 3 write down what you think each character is saying.PART SIX Queen |solde of Grnwall ristan’s ship arrived in Cornwall at Tintagel, Ad and before getting off Tristan and Isolde said goodbye to each other. ‘You'll always be my only love, sweet Isolde,’ said Tristan. ‘My heart will always be yours.” ‘And you'll always be the only person in my heart, Tristan,’ said Isolde. They embraced for the last time. When King Mark met Isolde he was amazed ! by her beauty and her sweet voice. He loved her immediately. She became King Mark’s wife and the Queen of Cornwall. There was a great celebration with music and dancing that lasted many days. The people of Cornwall liked their new queen. King Mark was very happy with Isolde but she was not, because she loved only Tristan. 1. amazed : very, very surprised.v Queen |solde of (ornwall th ty r Ways i A year later, in the spring, Isolde decided to go hunting! in the forest with Lady Bragnae and other nobles. King Mark called Tristan and said, ‘Isolde and Lady Bragnae want to go hunting in the forest today. | don’t want them to go alone because it’s dangerous. Go with them, and look after them. I trust 2 only you, Tristan.’ Tristan’s heart jumped when he heard Isolde’s name. ‘Very well, uncle Mark,’ he said. ‘I'll go hunting with them.’ During the hunt Lady Bragnae and the others took different paths in the forest. Soon Isolde and Tristan were alone. They stopped near a small river. They were still in love. ‘I’m happy we're alone, dear Isolde,’ said Tristan quietly. ‘Lam too, Tristan,’ said Isolde, looking into Tristan’s eyes. ‘But our love’s wrong...’ ‘| know, it’s wrong and impossible,’ said Tristan, ‘but you’re in my heart and you'll always be there. My love for you is stronger than my loyalty to the King...’ Isolde could not speak — they embraced and stayed near the river until sunset. After that day they met at the river in the forest many times. One day some of King Mark’s nobles saw them. They were jealous of Tristan because he was the best knight in Cornwall. They decided to tell King Mark. ‘Don’t trust Sir Tristan and Queen Isolde,’ said one noble. ‘I saw them sitting together at the river in the forest.’ 1. hunting: killing animals for food and/or sport. 2. trust: be sure someone is your friend and will help you.Tristan and |solde ‘My nephew and my wife are good friends and nothing more,’ said King Mark angrily. ‘I trust them both!’ ‘They are more than good friends, King Mark,’ said another noble. ‘Don’t say these bad things about my wife and my nephew!’ cried King Mark angrily. . Tristan and Isolde continued seeing each other in the forest and one day Sir Melot saw them. He was a bad man and hated Tristan. He immediately went to tell King Mark. ‘I saw Sir Tristan and Queen Isolde together again in the forest,’ he said. ‘1 don’t believe you!’ said King Mark. ‘You're a liar.’ ‘Then come with me quickly and you'll see them too,’ he said. King Mark got on his horse and followed Sir Melot to the forest. They hid behind some trees and saw Tristan and Isolde sitting near the stream. Tristan was touching Isolde’s long blonde hair. Now King Mark believed Sir Melot and he was very angry. That evening he called all of his nobles and explained everything to them. ‘Sir Tristan is a traitor!’ ! cried King Mark. ‘I loved him like a son and taught him everything he knows. | trusted him and | trusted Queen Isolde — but now he must die!’ King Mark had tears 2 in his eyes. ‘No,’ said the oldest noble. ‘We don’t like Sir Tristan but he is a brave knight. We may need him for future battles. He’s the 1. traitor : a person who does something against his king or country. 2, tears: 62Tristan and |solde best knight we have, and the people of Cornwall love him — he’s their hero. If you kill him the people will be angry. Send him away, and if we need him for future battles we'll call him.’ ‘You're right,’ said King Mark. ‘He must leave Cornwall immediately and never see Isolde again! The Queen is young and she'll forget Tristan soon.’ ° King Mark sent Tristan away from Cornwall and Isolde was very sad. She stayed in her room and cried because she could not forget Tristan. Tristan left Cornwall and he was very unhappy. He did not want to be a knight any more because he did not have a king. Now he was alone in the world. He decided to became a minstrel and went from village to village. He played the harp and sang the story of his love for Isolde. sek This was the end of the minstrel’s story. He stopped singing and playing, and suddenly there was silence in the great hall of King Arthur’s castle.The text and beyond oO Comprehension check Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 When Tristan and Isolde arrived in Cornwall, they A [_] ran away together. | said goodbye to Lady Bragnae. c [| kissed and said goodbye. 2. King Mark asked Tristan to go hunting with Isolde because he A wanted Tristan to look after her. B_ [| wanted Tristan and Isolde to be alone. c knew that Tristan liked hunting. 3 Some of King Mark's nobles decided to tell King Mark about Tristan and Isolde because they didn’t like (] King Mark. B [_| Tristan. c [ Isolde. 4 When King Mark saw Tristan and Isolde together A [_| they were kissing. B Tristan was touching Isolde’s hair. c [/] they were embracing. 5. King Mark decided to A [_] send Tristan away. B [| kill Tristan. c_ [_] send him away to fight in battle. 6 After Tristan left Cornwall, he became A [_| aknight. B [[] aminstrel. c [)] abeggar. 65® Vocabulary Write the words to the definitions and then use the numbered letters to find the names of another famous pair of lovers. 1 believe in a person’s loyalty: ___._._. 25 10112 a and 6578 421932 8357111011 211 6 Writing Choose to be either Tristan or Isolde. Before Tristan leaves Cornwall, you have the chance to write one last note to the person you love. Write your note in 25-35 words, and sign it ‘Tristan’ or ‘Isolde’. Put the notes on a wall in the classroom. Choose one of them and write a reply to it. T: GRADE 3 6 Speaking: hobbies Hunting was a hobby for the nobles. Talk — your hobbies. Use the questions below to help you. Make a list of as many different hobbies as you can. 2 Talk about three of your hobbies. If so, how often do you practise them? 3 Are there any hobbies you don’t do and would like to? What do you think are the five most common hobbies for people your age?King Arthur: fact or fiction? The story of Tristan and Isolde is one of many ‘Arthurian’ stories. Other stories are about Sir Lancelot — who loved Arthur's wife, Guinevere — or about Si Gawain or other knights, or about the magician Merlin. Arthur himself is important only in the story about when, as a boy, he pulls the sword Excalibur from a stone, or in stories about how he dies. Thesé stories start with a book from about 1136, Historia Regum Britanniae (‘A History of the Kings of Britain’ in Latin) by Geoffrey of Monmouth. After this book, many English and French writers Clive Owen as the king in the film King Arthur (2004). In this film, the story takes place just after the Romans left, so Arthur's armour and helmet seem RomanCae , rl Ne $ King Arthur and Queen Guinevere in the film Exealibur (1981). This film follows the Arthur stories written by Thomas Malory (see page 4), so the characters wear armour and clothes from the 15th century. Excalibur is the name of Arthur's sword. translated and changed these stories. Even today writers and film- makers continue telling Arthurian stories in different ways. But was Arthur a real person? Did he really live? A writer called Nennius, from ninth-century Wales, wrote about a war leader called Arthur, who fought against the Saxons. This is possible. Roman soldiers left Britain in the first half of the fifth century, just when the Saxons (people from modern Denmark and north Germany) were attacking England: Perhaps a local leader, someone from the pre-Roman, Celtic culture, fought against the Saxons. If so, was this Arthur? We don’t know — unfortunately. The Arthurian stories say different things. One says Arthur was born in Tintagel, in north Cornwall. Then, the stories give different places for his capital city, Camelot. Some say it was in Wales; others say it was in Somerset, a county in south-western England; others say it was Winchester, the main city of the county of Hampshire, south-west of London. When he died — the stories say — some women took him to the island of Avalon. In Celtic culture, Avalon was a place where good, brave people went when they died. Some stories say that this is near Glastonbury, in Somerset ~ and there are people who still think this is a magical place. There are too many stories and not enough facts. But they are very good stories! @ Comprehension ctieck Does the article above give the idea that King Arthur was a real person or a fictional character? © what kind of Arthur? Look at the pictures from films on pages 67 and 68. Which do you prefer, and why? © National figures Why, do you think, is King Arthur famous in British culture? Is there anyone in your culture similar in some way to King Arthur? >p>> INTERNET PROJECT 4 King Arthur Connect to the Internet and go to www.blackcat-cideb.com or www.cideb.it. Insert the title or part of the title of this book into our search engine. Open the page for Tristan and Isolde. Click on the Internet project link. Go down the page until you find the title of this book and click on the relevant links for this project. Work in small groups and find out if there is any conclusive proof of the following: » Did King Arthur actually exist? > Was the name inscribed on the stone from Arthur's time? > What does the inscribed stone show?PART SEVEN Sir Tristan of | yonesse why do you know the story of Tristan and Isolde? The minstrel got up from his stool and said, ‘Because | am Tristan of Lyonesse!’ Everyone in the great hall was very surprised. King Arthur stood up and said, ‘Welcome to Camelot, Sir Tristan, and welcome to the Round Table! Many years ago Merlin the magician said, “One day Sir Tristan will be a knight of the Round Table.” He was right! Look, there’s a seat with your name, next to Sir Lancelot. Sit down, Sir Tristan! Today's an important day for us because we have another brave knight at the Round Table.’ ‘This is a great honour for me,’ said Tristan, sitting down. ‘Thank you, King Arthur.’ The other knights cheered and welcomed him. Sir Tristan became an important knight of the Round Table, and the other knights liked him because he was brave, kind and loyal. Only the bravest knights could sit at the Round Table. 7o ing Arthur looked at him and said, ‘Minstrel,Sir Tristan of [ yonesse He fought for King Arthur in many wars and battles, and had many adventures in the kingdom. But he was always sad because he could not forget Isolde. He thought about her all the time, day and night. The years passed and one day he went to Brittany in France, where he met the daughter of the Duke of Arundel. Her name was Isolde too — Isolde of the White Hands. She was a pretty, young girl and Tristan liked her. ‘why do I like Isolde of the White Hands?’ he thought. ‘Do | like her smile or her voice? Do | like her lovely white hands or do I like her name? Do | love her?’ Tristan could not answer these questions, but he decided to marry her. Isolde of the White Hands was a good, loving wife and Tristan was a kind, loyal husband. But he was not happy because he could not forget Queen Isolde. She was his first and only love. Isolde of the White Hands knew this and she was jealous. ‘Why can’t Tristan love me like he loves her?’ she thought. One day Tristan fought in a battle to help his wife’s brother, Kahedin. It was a long, terrible battle and Tristan was wounded with a poisoned spear. His wound made him very ill. He could not walk and stayed in bed a long time. But he did not get better — he got’worse. ‘’m very ill,’ said Tristan to Kahedin, ‘and | think I’m going to die soon.’ ‘No, Tristan!’ said Kahedin. ‘Don’t say that! You helped me during the battle and now I want to help you. Tell me what I can do, my friend.’ ‘Only Queen Isolde of Cornwall can cure my wound because the spear was poisoned,’ said Tristan weakly. ‘She learned the secrets of the magic herbs from her mother.’ 71Tristan and |solde ‘Then I'll sail to Tintagel immediately, and ask Queen Isolde to come here and cure you,’ said Kahedin. ‘Oh, Kahedin, thank you’ said Tristan. ‘If Isolde comes with you, raise the white sail on your ship. But if she doesn’t, then raise the black sail.’ ‘Very well,’ said Kahedin. ‘I'm leaving this evening.” Isolde of the White Hands heard this conversation amd she was angry and jealous. Kahedin sailed to Cornwall and told King Mark and Queen Isolde about Tristan’s wound. ‘I must go and cure his wound with my magic herbs,’ said Queen Isolde. ‘I’m the only person who can save his life!’ King Mark looked at his wife and said, ‘Time is helping me to forget many things. | think | can trust you now, Isolde. Go and cure Tristan’s wound.’ ‘Yes, my King,’ said Queen Isolde quietly, ‘you can trust me.’ Isolde left Cornwall with Kahedin the same day with some bottles of herbs and potions. When the ship arrived near Tristan’s castle Kahedin raised the white sail. Tristan was very weak and could not get up from bed and look out of the window. He called his wife and said, ‘Go and look out of the window. Kahedin’s ship will be here soon. Can you see it?’ Isolde of the White Hands went to the window and saw Kahedin’s ship with its big white sail. ‘Oh, no,’ she thought, ‘the sail’s white — Queen Isolde is here!’ She was very jealous. ‘Yes, Tristan,’ said Isolde of the White Hands, ‘Kahedin’s ship is here.’ ‘What colour is the sail?’ asked Tristan weakly. 72Tristan and [solde ‘The sail is... black!’ answered Isolde of the White Hands. ‘Oh, no, Isolde, my love,’ said Tristan sadly, ‘you didn’t come to me. | won’t see your beautiful face again.-Dearest Isolde, dearest Isolde...’ and then he closed his eyes and died. Queen Isolde came to Tristan’s room and saw his dead body. She sat down on the bed and looked at him for the last time. Her sadness was very great and her heart broke. She died rext to him. ‘What did | do! My terrible jealousy killed them both!’ said Isolde of the White Hands, and she was very sorry — but it was too late. Tristan and Isolde were buried together in one grave. ! And over the grave Isolde of the White Hands planted two rose trees, a red one and a white one. They grew together with red and white roses. And this is the end of the great love story of Sir Tristan of Lyonesse and Queen Isolde of Cornwall. 1. grave: 74The text and beyond e Comprehension check Are these sentences true or false? Correct the false ones. 1 The minstrel was Sir Tristan of Lyonesse. 2 Lancelot said that Tristan would become a knight of the Round Table. 3 Sir Tristan became a knight of the Round Table but the other knights didn’t like him. 4 Tristan married Isolde of the White Hands because he loved her. 5 Tristan forgot about Queen Isolde. Isolde of the White Hands loved her husband very much. 7 Tristan was wounded in battle and needed Queen Isolde’s magic herbs. 8 King Mark didn’t want Isolde to go to Tristan. 9 Isolde of the White Hands told Tristan that Queen Isolde didn’t come. 10 Queen Isolde arrived and she and Tristan embraced. 11 Isolde of the White hands was sorry for what she did. 12. The story ends happily. 6 Characters Which characters said the sentences below? ‘You are now aknight of the Round Table.” casssesesssssseseseseeneeeesees “Willyouimarry me?” = = eueuraatonvesneaaxeaustbtarvens ‘Tneed the’help of Queen Isolde.” aasensensensectsensccssenscnes ‘Idon’t wanthertocome here. ———— caeeacaeseaeeeseseseceeeeeees 1 2 3 4 ‘Iwill go to Cornwall and ask her to come here.” o.....sesesesseeeeeseeeeeeeees 5 6 ‘Onlylcanhelphim;! must go” saaeeseasessassesseneesenenees 7 ‘Youcan go. trust you, ——aaeeaeateseasatesesseeuceees 758 ‘The sail is black.’ 9 ‘Ohno he’s dead! I cannot bear it.’ 10 ‘What have I done!’ ere Vocabulary Read the descriptions below. What is the word for each one? The first letter is already there. There is one space for each other letter in the word. 7 1 fighting between two or more countries or groups: w__ * 2 person who practices magic: m_______ 3 mana woman is married to: h______ 4 husband of a queen: k___ 5 the opposite of ugly: b___-_____ 6 aroomina ship: c____ 7 feeling of unhappiness and anger because you feel unloved: 8 place where a dead person is put underground: g___ _ 6 Discussion With your partner or in small groups discuss the following questions. 1 Do you think the story has a surprise ending? How did you think the story was going to finish? 2 Who was your favourite character in the story and why? 3 > Which character did you like least and why? 4 Think of an alternative ending to the story and tell it to the rest of the class. 6 Can you think of any other famous famous love stories in films or in literature which do not have a happy ending? Discuss with a partner and then compare your ideas in class. 76icture summary Look at the pictures from the story. Put them in their correct order by numbering them from 1 to 9 and write a caption under each one.6 Now choose one of the pictures and write about that point in the story. What has happened just before, what is happening in the picture and what is going to happen immediately afterwards? 6 Comprehension check Complete these questions about the story and then tick (/) the correct answer A-O below. 1 who /arrive / King Arthur’s court? 2 what / story /he / tell? 3 what / Morholt /want? 7815 why / Tristan /die? to be cured from his poisoned wound They fell in love. He wanted a tribute for his king. because he thought that Isolde didn’t come. a minstrel He wanted to marry Isolde. to try and win Isolde’s hand for his uncle Mark He told the story of Tristan of Lyonesse. |__| because her husband loved another woman |_| on the boat on the way to Cornwall |_| He sent Tristan away. |_| Tristan fought him and won. {| He taught Isolde to play the harp. in the valley of the dragon ozzrRXx-T-rTatmoaws Sir Melot told him and took him to where they were. C 2alp ust pip AyM St 1 esnojeaf spueH e114 ay; Jo apjos] sem AYM HT > ZOP 2Y PIPIEYM ET _O Ediysuoreja. 41943 JeAoosip y1eW BUM PIP MOH ZT @ cpauaddey yeYyM Tt f cuonod 43 yulAp apjos| pue UeISL4 PIP Vay OT 4 guo8e.p ay} paj[py ay Aes jeyasauas pip AYM6 N cuOBeup ayy [JP UEISIAL PIP a19YM 8 D Epue|a.] 0} UNyo4 URYSIL pip AYAA ZW <4y9e93 URISIIL Pip OM 9 W cpuejaa] 03 08 ueysI| pip AYMS 7 Z3}044OW 34Noy OUM % 9 EIUEM YOULOW PIPAEYM EH cij93 24 PIP Asoys JeYM Z J cyANOD s_iNyzy BuIy Ie Paauue OMT € ‘siamsue uado Zz "A608 ‘d2‘VO'HS ‘I b‘dedz‘Or FT 182] xq 07 Koy 79This reader uses the EXPANSIVE READING approach, where the text becomes a springboard to improve language skills and to explore historical background, cultural connections and other topics suggested by the text. The new structures introduced in this step of our READING & TRAINING series are listed below. Naturally, structures from lower steps are included too. For a complete list of structures used over all the six steps, see The Black Cat Guide to Graded Readers, which is also downloadable at no cost from our website, www. blackcat-cideb.com or www.cideb.it. The vocabulary used at each step is carefully checked against vocabulary lists used for internationally recognised examinations. Step One A2 All the structures used in the previous levels, plus the following: Verb tenses Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Future reference: Present Continuous; going to; will; Present Simple Present Perfect Simple: indefinite past with ever, never (for experience) Verb forms and patterns Regular and common irregular verbs Affirmative, negative, interrogative Imperative: 24 person; /et’s Passive forms: Present Simple; Past Simple Short answers Infinitives after verbs and adjectives Available at Step One: = Home for Christmas Andrea M. Hutchinson . = Miami Police File: the O’Nell Case Gina D. B. Clemen « Missing in Sydney Andrea M. Hutchinson Gerunds (verb + -ing) after prepositions and common verbs Gerunds (verb + -ing) as subjects and objects Modal verbs Can: ability; requests; permission Could: ability; requests Will: future reference; offers; promises; predictions Would ... like: offers, requests Shall: suggestions; offers Should (present and future reference): advice May (present and future reference), possibility Must: personal obligation Mustn’t: prohibition Have (got) to: external obligation Need: necessity Types of clause Co-ordination: but; and; or; and then Subordination (in the Present Simple or Present Continuous) after verbs such as: to be sure; to know; to think; to believe; to hope; to say; to tell Subordination after: because, when, if (zero and 1st conditionals) Defining relative clauses with: who, which, that, zero pronoun, where Other / Zero, definite and indefinite articles Possessive ’s and s’ Countable and uncountable nouns Some, any; much, many, a lot; (a) little, (a) few; all, every; etc. Order of adjectives Comparative and superlative of adjectives (regular and irregular) Formation and comparative/superlative of adverbs (regular and irregular) m Sherlock Holmes Stories Arthur Conan Doyle = Tales from The Thousand and One Nights = Tristan and IsoldeTristan ANNO y = audio, | fo) = PtarNP lind ry TRAN IT yee et FS e (a iro\=iN) Ae cauTristan and Isolde Use RR Rl am Cute Cee ERC Rant att and his knights the story of Tristan, who kills a dragon and wins PCCU CM mR Uist mC) RCC ee ete MMT een Mark. But on their journey back to Mark's court, they drink a love potion that was intended for the king and his young bride. They eeu ete oh (em timo MC RCE else clo) (am BWC Challe e asi aie oe eae an elt ad Be ttecsZ ean ais(} + Trinity-style activities (Grade 3) ee eee Mel Re eae en (tee UO Cirle P-lae ites (Cade B (laste + Internet project » Story recorded in full » Exit test with answer key i ni a ena Step Two Mi CEFR B1.1. Exam Preparation PET Step Three Mi CEFR B1.2 exam Level PET Step Four Ml CEFR B2.1_ exam Preparation FCE Step Five Ml CEFR B2.2 Exam Level FCE rS}i-lolksiLaam | eReCn R= eC kes ISBN 978: A) Book+cr GLE> 9 Meet Cee neu eget ees