Sanken High-Quality, High-Performance Power ICs

From Allegro MicroSystems, Inc.

2007
Sanken Inverter Power Module Series
September 29, 2007
 Introduction of High Voltage IPM for Motor Drive
Application
ƒ For Small Capacity Use (Up to 200W) SMA, SLA (“A” and “B” in photo)
– ex. Fan motors for Air Conditioners, Compressor for Refrigerators,
Pumps for Dishwashers, Pool Pumps, etc.
ƒ For Middle Capacity Use (Up to 750W) SCM (“C” and “D” in photo)
– ex. Compressors for Refrigerators and Air-Conditioners, Fan motors
for Furnaces, Pumps and motors for Washers and Dryers, etc.

Large capacity
parts (up to
1500W) are in
development

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 IPM for Variable-Speed Motors for Home Appliances

Inverter 3-Phase
AC Power Power Variable-
Input Supply MCU Module Speed
Digital (IPM) Motor
Control
Air conditioner compressors
Air conditioner fan motors
Refrigerator compressors
Washers & Dryers motors
Furnace fan motors
Dishwasher pumps
Pool pumps
Vacuum cleaner motors
Rug shampooers motors
Sump pump motors
ƒ Most appliance motors have been driven by inefficient electromechanical control
systems, using up over 50% of USA electricity
ƒ Electronic, variable-speed controllers, using IPM (Inverter, or Intelligent, Power
Module) could save up to 60% of the energy consumed 2
 Growing IPM Market in the USA
ƒ NEW DRIVE since 2001: “Saving Energy” => A strategic goal in USA
¾ To reduce reliance on the foreign oil
¾ To follow “green” environmental goals – Energy Star requirements

Energy Use in North America

(US Department of Energy)
ƒ ELECTRIC MOTORS => Over 60% of all the
generated energy in the USA
Other ¾ Over 1,000 million motors in use in
USA
Electric ¾ 99% of motors in the USA
Motors
=> SMALL MOTORS (15KW or less)

ƒ Over 125 million HOMES in the USA => Each home use many motors
Major home appliances: Refrigerators, Washers & dryers, Vacuum cleaners
Air-conditioners, Furnaces, Dish washers, Rug Shampooers, Pool Pumps, etc.
ƒ MARKET: Over 65 million major home appliances sold in 2005 in USA.
Inverters: 11% share in 2005 => Grow to 25% in 2011
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 Power Module for Inverter Application

SCM
Collector Current

IGBT Module (IPM)

600V / 10 to 15A
SCM
IGBT Module (IPM) Compressor
Main Motor Motor
600V / 5 to 8A

SLA6805M
IGBT Module (IPM)
600V / 3A
SMA6800M
FET Module (IPM)
250&500V / 1.5 to 2.5A Compressor
Fan Motor Motor

Fan Refrigerator Washing Machine Air Conditioner

Motor Compressor Motor Main Motor Compressor Motor

Load Capacity 4
 Residential Refrigerators in the USA

No. of Ave. No. of Total No. of No. of New Ave. Size of USA Energy
Homes in Refrig. / Refrig. in Use Refrig. Sold in Refrig. at Standard for
the USA Home in the USA the USA Home in the Refrig.
USA

125 million 1.2 units / 150 Million 11.5 Million 670 liters Fed Std (2001)
homes Home units units / year = 521KWH/yr
Energy Star
(2004) = 442
KWH / yr

ƒ US Suppliers: Whirlpool (incl. Kenmore, Maytag, Amana, KitchenAid), Hotpoint,

GE (incl. Hotpoint), Frigidaire (owned by Electrolux, Sweden)
ƒ Foreign Suppliers: LG, Bosch Siemens, Samsung, Fisher & Paykel, Panasonic
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 Energy Star Qualified Home Refrigerators Sold in USA
Energy Star Qualified Home Refrigerators Sold in USA

8000 60.00%
Thousands of Units Sold

% Energy Star Qualified

Higher Efficiency 50.00%
6000
Refrigerators 40.00%
4000 30.00%
20.00%
2000
10.00%
0 0.00%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

No. of Energy Star Qualified Units Sold

% of Units Sold that are Energy Star Qualified

ƒ Energy Star Standard: 2001 10% below Fed Std => 2004 15% below Fed Std
ƒ Qualified Units Sold: 2001 1.6M units => 2004 3.6M => 2007 6.5M units
ƒ In 2008, Energy Star Standard may be raised to “20% better than Fed Std”

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Types of Refrigerators in use at Homes in the USA

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 Residential Air Conditioners in the USA

No. of % of Total No. of No. of New Ave. Size USA Energy

Homes in Homes AC’s in Use AC’s Sold in of AC at Standard for
the USA with AC(s) in the USA the USA Home in AC’s.
the USA
125 million 58% 90 million 14.0 Million 3.5 ton Fed Std
homes (72.5 AC units units / year capacity (2006) =
million SEER 13
homes) 65M Central 10M Central Energy Star
AC’s AC’s (2006) =
35M Room 4M Room SEER 14
AC’s AC’s

ƒ AC’s in the USA use over 50% of its electricity used during summer
ƒ Central AC suppliers: Carrier, Goodman, Trane, Lennox
ƒ Room AC suppliers: Frigidaire, GE, Whirlpool
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 Growth in Residential Air Conditioners
(AC) in the USA
20% use
90 inverter-
90 80.8 based,
80 72.6 variable-
speed motor
70 63.9 65
60.3 controllers.
57.5
Million Units

60
47.5
50 41
40 35.1
30 25.2 22.9 25.1 23.3 25
20
10
0
1990 1993 1997 2001 2005

All AC Central AC Room AC

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 USA Energy Regulations on Residential AC’s
Energy Star
100 Requirement
18
95 13 AC's Sold
90
8
85 SEER
80 3 Standard
75 -2
2004 2006 2008

ƒ Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) is a measure of air conditioning efficiency given
in kBTU of cooling delivered per kWh of electrical energy consumed.
ƒ In 2006, the national standard for Central AC’s was raised from 10 to 13 SEER. The
ENERGY STAR threshold was raised to 14 SEER.
ƒ In 2008, the standard may be raised to 15, making it nearly imperative to use inverter-
based controllers.
ƒ For the room ACs, the current requirement is 9.7 or higher.
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 Residential Washers & Dryers in the USA

No. of % of Total No. of No. of New Ave. Size USA Energy

Homes in Homes Washers & washers & of Washers Standard for
the USA with Dryers in Use Dryers Sold in in use in Washers
Washers & in the USA the USA the USA
Dryers
125 million 99.8% 240 million 21.0 million Washers - 4 Fed Std
homes units units / year cubic foot (2004) = MEF
capacity 1.04
125M 11M Washers Energy Star
Washers 10M Dryers (2004) = MEF
115M Dryers 1.42

ƒ 36% of washers are side-loading, which are nearly 100% inverter driven.
ƒ Sale of inverter-driven washers in the USA grew at 23% in 2005
ƒ Modified Energy Factor (MEF) = a ratio of cubic feet per kWh per cycle
ƒ Suppliers: Whirlpool (also Kenmore, Maytag), Frigidaire, GE, Fisher & Paykel, Bosch
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 Residential Central Furnaces in the USA

No. of Ave. No. of Total No. of No. of New Ave. Size of USA Energy
Homes in Furnaces Washers & washers & Washers in Standard for
the USA per Home Dryers in Use Dryers Sold use in the Washers
in the USA in the USA USA

125 million 1.7 units 213 million 15.0 million Gas Furnace Fed Std (2007)
homes units units / year = 69 kBtuH = AFUE 83
Electric Energy Star
181M Central 12.4M Furnace = (2007) = AFUE
Forced Air Natural or 2.5 kW 90
18M Central Propane Gas
Heat Pump 2.6M Electric
ƒ Annual Fuel-Utilization Rating (AFUE) of 83 means that a minimum of 83% of the
fuel consumed is directly converted to heat your home.
ƒ The 1992 AFUE standard of 78 is being increased to 83 in the latest proposal.
ƒ Variable speed furnaces are now available for higher efficiency.
ƒ Suppliers: Trane, Bryant, Rheem, Armstrong (Lennox), Carrier, Goodman (incl.
Amana), Coleman, York 12
 Sanken’s Power Module for Inverter Application
Sanken IPM Fundamental Structure
Introduction (SCM Series)
ƒ A high voltage three-phase motor driver IC
ƒ 100 to 200VAC input driver systems.
ƒ IGBTs, or MOSFETs (for lower power)
ƒ Each half-bridge circuit consists of a pre-driver circuit that
is completely independent from the others
ƒ Protection against simultaneous high- and low-side turning
on Bootstrap diodes with series resistors for suppressing
inrush current are incorporated
ƒ CMOS compatible input (3.3 to 5 V)
ƒ Designed to minimize simultaneous current through both
high- and low-side IGBTs by optimizing gate drive
resistors
ƒ UVLO protection with auto restart
ƒ Overcurrent protection with off-time period adjustable by
an external capacitor
ƒ Fault (FO indicator) signal output at protection activation:
ƒ UVLO (low side only), OCP, and STP
ƒ Proprietary power DIP package
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 Small Capacity IPM (SIP IPM)
No. 1 Global Share in Inverter Air Conditioner Fan Application
1. Sales in 2006
SMA6800M series : 1.2M pcs
SMA6810M series : 0.6M pcs
SMA6820M series : 3.5M pcs
SLA6800M series : 0.5M pcs
Others : 0.2M pcs
Total : 6M pcs

Expected worldwide sales to double by 2008

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 Small Capacity IPM (SIP IPM) 31.0mm

SMA, SLA6800M Series

Functions and Features 10.2mm

- Built-in Pre-Drive IC SMA PKG

- Corresponding CMOS (5V) Input
- Adopted high-side deriver by bootstrap topology 31.0mm
- Built-in protection circuit for control power
supply voltage drop
- Built-in overheat detection circuit (TD) or 16.0mm
overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) SLA PKG
- Output of fail signal during operation of
protection circuit (during TD or OCP operation)
- Io=1.5 to 3A
- Small SIP (SLA&SMA)

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 Small Capacity IPM (SIP IPM)

Small size SIP (SLA&SMA) for inverter module

Realized high-density packaging (maximum 14 dies) with using Sanken unique
bonding technology (BSOB)

Improved surge breakdown energy by structuring power discrete chip

Multi-chip structure is employed to separate heat source. Consequently larger

power dissipation is achieved.
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 Small Capacity IPM (SIP IPM)
Product lineup

Product No. Vds Id Function # of Pins

SLA6805M* 600V 3A Overcurrent Protection 23

SLA6816M* 600V 3A OCP, low noise 23

SMA6813M 500V 2.5A Overcurrent Protection 23

SMA6843M 500V 2.5A OHD, For 3 shunt use 24

SMA6821M 250V 2A OHD, Reg Output, Bootstrap Di 24

SMA6822M 500V 1.5A OHD, Reg Output, Bootstrap Di 24

SMA6823M 500V 2.5A OHD, Reg Output, Bootstrap Di 24

*Power Device: IGBT

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 Middle Capacity IPM
SCM1100M Series 47.0mm

Design Concept:
- Safe
- Reduction of external components count

Functions and Features

19.0mm
- Built-in pre-driver IC for each half-bridge
- Adapted high-side driver by bootstrap topology
- Built-in bootstrap diode (protection diode against inrush current)
- Built-in protection circuit for protection from high/low simultaneous ON (STP)
(when simultaneous ON signal inputted)
- Built-in overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) (Stop high & low)
- Stop-time variable function during overcurrent protect operation (by external condenser)
- Built-in protection circuit for control power supply voltage reduction (UVLO, auto
regression)
- Failure signal output during protection / CMOS circuit operation (UVLO (low side), during
OCP&STP operation), corresponding 3.3V, 5V input level
- Minimize design for output penetrating current (Optimize gate resistance)
- DIP type power package
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 Middle Capacity IPM
SCM1100M Series Features
Built-in Bootstrap Diode
- As bootstrap diode (high voltage) is built-in, simple pattern design is
possible (by reducing component count, which requires adequate creepage
distance)
- Further reduction on component count by including inrush current
absorbing resistor
Built-in protection circuit against high/low simultaneous ON (Shoot
Through Prevention)
- By employing pre-driver for each half-bridge, prevent high/low
simultaneous ON due to wrong command signal input or external noise.
- It realizes safer design
Short input-dead-time
- Embed pre-driver for each half-bridge and by doing so:
- Switching speed of high/low side is optimized
- Stable control is achieved 19
 Middle Capacity IPM
SCM1100M Series Features (Cont.)
Arm-complete-stop (High & Low Side Gate Off) during overcurrent
protection mode
- Embed pre-driver for each half-bridge, and by doing so: 　
- Avoid consecutive short-circuit mode when protection mode is released.
- Realizes safer design
Soft Off at shutoff by overcurrent protection
- Soft turn-off at shutoff in overcurrent protection
- Minimize negative voltage occurred in LS terminal (by restraining di/dt)
- Failure protection of IPM by negative voltage and of external current sense circuit
- Realizes safer design
Arm-complete-stop (3 Arms Gate Off) is possible during protection mode
- By connecting 3 fail signal output terminals externally, it enables to stop whole
IPM *FO terminal is also used as enable input
- Avoid consecutive short-circuit mode when protection mode is released
- Realizes safer design
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 Middle Capacity IPM
SCM1100M Series Line-up

Power Vsat
Products Voltage Current Protection Status
device (Speed)
UVLO,
SCM1101M IGBT 600V 10A 1.6V typ. (Low) MP
OCP
UVLO,
SCM1103M IGBT 600V 5A 1.6V typ. (Low) MP
OCP
UVLO,
SCM1104M IGBT 600V 8A 1.6V typ. (Low) MP
OCP
UVLO,
SCM1105MF IGBT 600V 15A 1.6V typ. (Low) MP
OCP
UVLO,
SCM1106M IGBT 600V 10A 2.2V typ. (High) MP
OCP
UVLO,
SCM1110MF IGBT 600V 15A 2.2V typ. (High) MP
OCP

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 IPM Advantages vs. Discrete Solution

ƒ PCB space reduction (compact design)

ƒ Lower failure rate (less components and solder joints)
ƒ Lower solution cost
- IPM protection circuitry is complex to implement with discrete components
- Smaller PCB
- Smaller heatsink
- Less assembly
- Reduction of design time
ƒ Shorter time to market
ƒ Proven design
- Already used in the field for many products
- Design effort is minimum, just copy the application circuit
- Not need to worry about gate resistors, trip circuitry and drive configuration
ƒ Switching optimized for lower EMC noise
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 Sanken IPM advantages vs. Competitor IPM

ƒ Improved protection functions (cross coupling prevention logic, soft-off,

etc.)
ƒ Lower thermal resistance
ƒ Allegro/Sanken can support the design locally in terms of hardware &
software:
– Co-work with customers for board adjustments
– Assist customer with EMI measurements
– Support customer during software development
– Knowledge transfer

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