Abstract

Water being the elixir for life plays a very important role not only for human sustenance but also for agricultural production as
well as for livestock. This project deals the solving the long existing problem of water scarcity in Anantapuramu District of Andra
Pradesh. The approach followed by the project makers in multi-dimensional. Technical aspects like linking the rivers through
canals and storing water with the help of reservoirs, ground water recharge through percolation tanks, techniques resulting in
efficient use of water for agricultural practices as well as human waste disposal are to be considered under this project. Social
aspects like behaviour manifestation against the misuse of water and economic aspects like social cost benefit analysis are the
major consideration of this project. The project is developed in consonance with the other transformational projects under
development for road connectivity, silk cluster development, education, nutrition and agri. Production. The aim of this project
is not only to meet the demand of potable water for the future generation, but also to recharge ground water table which will
result in the sustainability of on-farm livelihoods in the region.

Water: Why does it matter?

Water is pretty darn important for living things. It is the elixir of life which is the most important nutrient for human body. In
order to survive, after oxygen human body needs water. Not only Human body but also animals and plants need water to
survive. It is the core of sustainable development and critical for socio-economic development. In agricultural sector, water is
the most important element and yield totally depends on it. The distress of farmers these days is the dearth of water. Right
from survival to doing various activities such as domestic work we need water for washing clothes, utensils, cleaning the floor
and other things, cooking food, etc. In fact it is responsible for hygiene that further leads to healthy and disease free
environment.

Our body is more than one-half water, and if we were to take a look at your cells, we’d find they were over 70% water! So,
us—like most land animals—need a reliable supply of fresh water to survive.

Of the water on Earth, 96.5% is salt water. Of the remaining water, over 99% is in the form of underground water or ice. All
told, less than 1% of fresh water is found in lakes, rivers, and other available surface forms.

Many living things depend on this small supply of surface fresh water, and lack of water can have serious effects on ecosystems.
Humans, of course, have come up with some technologies to increase water availability. These include digging wells to get at
groundwater, collecting rainwater, and using desalination—salt removal—to get fresh water from the ocean. Still, clean, safe
drinking water is not always available in many parts of the world today.
Most of the water on Earth does not cycle—move from one place to another—very rapidly. We can see this in the figure below,
which shows the average time that an individual water molecule spends in each of Earth’s major water reservoirs, a
measurement called residence time. Water in oceans, underground, and in the form of ice tends to cycle very slowly. Only
surface water cycles rapidly.

The water cycle

The water cycle is driven by the Sun’s energy. The sun warms the ocean surface and other surface water, causing liquid water
to evaporate and ice to sublime—turn directly from a solid to a gas. These sun-driven processes move water into the
atmosphere in the form of water vapour.

Over time, water vapour in the atmosphere condenses into clouds and eventually falls as precipitation, rain or snow. When
precipitation reaches Earth's surface, it has a few options: it may evaporate again, flow over the surface, or percolate—sink
down—into the ground.

In land-based, or terrestrial, ecosystems in their natural state, rain usually hits the leaves and other surfaces of plants before
it reaches the soil. Some water evaporates quickly from the surfaces of the plants. The water that's left reaches the soil and, in
most cases, will begin to move down into it.

In general, water moves along the surface as runoff only when the soil is saturated with water, when rain is falling very hard,
or when the surface can't absorb much water. A non-absorbent surface could be rock in a natural ecosystem or asphalt or
cement in an urban or suburban ecosystem.

Some facts about water

Global Scenario: Out of the total water available for us to use, 69% water is used in agriculture, 23 % water is used in industries
and only 8% as domestic use.

According to the CWC, Central Water Commission Report the fresh water availability in India will go up to 1140 cubic meter
per annum by 2050 that too for the population of 1640 million.
In developing countries the Per capita availability of water in 2000 is reduced to 30% from 1950 and in developed countries it
has reduced to 60 %. Apart from this, It will reduced to 57-58% in developed countries and 23-24% in developing countries in
2025.

Fresh water availability in India

Decadal Trend cubic meter per capita per annum

Population in Per capita Fresh water availability (in

Year
Million cubic meter/ annum)

1951 361 5177

1955 395 4732

1999 846 2209

2001 1027 1820

2025 1394 1341

2050 1640 1140

India is the second most populated country in the world which has 136,64,17,754 people as per the United Nation’s data. It
constitutes 17.71% of the total world population. But the distressing part is India has only 4% of the world’s water. So, Indian
government has come up with various interventions among which Inter basin transfer of water is most focus one. Here basins
are interlinked together for the transfer of water from one place to another that fulfils the needs of many people. Many water
conservation methods and techniques are taken up to preserve water through campaigns. Focus is on from individual to
national level. Adoption on rainwater harvesting system from household level, to reuse used water in gardening and what not
is being done on household level. Awareness campaigns in school and colleges level which is something very productive to
make people conscious about the present condition of water crisis.

Introduction to Anantpuramu
Anantapuramu is the southern-most district of the Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh. While agriculture remains the most
important economic activity of the district, it is characterised by high levels of instability and uncertainty. Being located in the
rain-shadow region of Andhra Pradesh, the district is drought-prone. By now, it is well established that while a generalised
rural crisis is prevalent across the country, a disproportionate burden has fallen on its drier tracts. In 2006, Anantapuramu was
one of the thirty-one districts identified by the Government of India as being prone to agriculture-related suicides. A few
committees have been set up by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to study the agricultural crisis as well as the problem of
farmers’ suicides in the state. Anantapur district is bounded by Kurnool District in the north; Cuddapah District in the
north-east; Chitoor District in the south-east; and Karnataka State on the West. The district has a total geographical
area of 19.197 Sq Km. For administrative purposes, the district is divided into three revenue divisions, namely,
Anantapur, Dharmavaram, and Penukonda; there are 63 revenue mandals. As per 2001 census, the district has 10
towns and 964 revenue villages and the total population of 3.64 million. The population density, which was 54
persons per sq.km during 1901, has risen to 213 persons per sq.km as per 2011 census. Out of the total geographical
area of 19.197 sq. km, forests cover 10% of the area. Similarly, barren and uncultivable land is 9% and land put to
non-agricultural use is 8%. The total net area sown is 824955 ha. The important crops harvested in the district are
paddy, jowar, ragi, chillis, sugarcane, onions and groundnut. Paddy and ground nut are the most important crops
accounting for gross hactarage of 65,550 and 36,500 respectively. Almost 75 percent of the population in the district
lives in rural areas. Agriculture remains the predominant activity in the villages, with 80 percent of total workers
engaged in agriculture, either as cultivators or agricultural labourers. In urban areas, about 11 percent of the
workforce is engaged in agriculture. Mining is also an important activity in Anantapur District as it is endowed with
rich deposits of iron ore and lime stone, as well as other minerals. There are more than fifty small-scale industrial
units in the district, of which nearly one-half are to do with granite. There are also couple of cement industries and
steel industries in the district.
Climate: The average annual rainfall of the district is 535 mm, which ranges from nil rainfall in February and March
to 129 mm in September. September and October are the wettest months of the year. The mean seasonal rainfall
distribution is 316 mm during southwest monsoon (June- September) 146 mm during northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec),
1 mm rainfall during winter (Jan-Feb) and 72 mm during summer (March-May). The percentage distribution of
rainfall season wise is 58.7% in southwest monsoon, 27.6% in northeast monsoon, 0.21 percentages in winter and
13.5% in summer.
Irrigation: The chief sources of irrigation in the district are tanks, wells and canals. The net area under Canal irrigation
is 17234 ha (2009-10) which is 15% of net area irrigated.
Anantpuramu District profile:

Urban 11,46,956 (140lpcd

Human Population Rural 29,36,359 (100lpcd)
Urbanization Rate 28.09%
Population Growth 12.16% (Decadal)
Cattle 8,17,129 (85lpa)
Buffaloes 5,33,162 (90lpa)
Livestock Population
Others 41,66,213 (25lpa)
Total 55,16,504
Irrigated Area 1,39,115 Hectare
Cultivable Area Sown Area 10,82,867 Hectare
Total 11,79,000 Hectare
Human 454,209,740 lpcd
Water Requirement Livestock 221,595,870 lpa
Agriculture 750 mm per ha

Present status of Anantpuramu

In Andhra Pradesh, 42.30% net irrigated area is irrigated using groundwater and out of which Anantpuramu’s 89.71
% net area is irrigated through the groundwater.

Andhra has 32 % deficit rainfall out of which Anantpuramu has 43 % of deficit rainfall.
The decline by 4.02 % in groundwater is observed in Andhra Pradesh. And Anantpuramu has 6.69% deline in the
groundwater level.

Problem Tree Analysis:

fects

Causes

Issues:
Taking into consideration the problem tree, the issues can be classified broadly into two categories which are controllable and
uncontrollable issues. Controllable are those which can be managed with human intervention which uncontrollable are those
which are beyond human intervention i.e., naturally occurring.

a) Controllable issues:
Canal Structure
Surface Irrigation Scheme
Water storage reservoir
Fertiliser overuse
Ward level potable water linkage
Public awareness
Inefficient water use practices
Water quality / contamination
Maintenance / Leakages
Waste water management
Funds
Percolation

b) Uncontrollable issues:
Scanty Rainfall
Climatic variability
Water holding capacity of red soil
Water requirement per capital
Possible Solutions:
 Recharge of Ground water table through recharge pits
 Connecting rivers through canals
 Building Reservoirs
 Awareness Drive
 Plantation drive
 Recycling water
 ZBNF

Logsheet Framework Analysis:

OVI MOV Assumptions

Goal: By 2030: • Socio-Economic • Sufficient water flow in

reports the rivers to fill up the
Achieve sustainable economic 5 lakh ha of irrigated
canals.
growth and social area in Anatapuramu • District survey
development. report • Continuous support
[baseline: 1.39 lakh ha]
from the government
• Health survey
Increase in use of
reports • Average rainfall of
surface water by 70%
550m in the region of
• Survey of
[baseline: 5.82] recharge unit
availability of
Crop Failure is reduced water
by 20%

80% decrease of
waterborne diseases

80% of population
satisfied with their
well being attributed
to access to water for
drinking and irrigation.

Increase in
contribution from
agriculture and its
allied sector in GDP.

Immediate objective: By 2027: • CGWD and • Average rainfall of

SGWD report 550m in the region of
• Improved access to Increase in use of
recharge unit.
water for drinking and surface water by 50% • District survey
irrigation for residents report • Political and
[baseline: 5.82]
of Anantapuramu economical situation
• District
District. 50% of population remains stable during
irrigation profile
satisfied with their the project
• Sustainable ground [water resource
well being attributed implementation
water level by department, AP]
timeframe.
replenishment.
 • Disease prevention to access to water for • Health survey
and control are drinking and irrigation reports
ensured through the
Rise of ground water
provision of access to
from current water
safe potable water
level with reference to
• Reduction in previous
catchment years/months.
deforestation
50% decrease of
• Sustainable forest and waterborne diseases.
land management
Sign of positive
practices established
Environment health

Drinking Water

OVI MOV Assumptions

Output: By 2025: Water supplied to Canals are filled with

consumption data from the sufficient water
Access to Potable drinking 938 villages are provided
G.P [ward-wise data].
water to every wards of access to safe drinking Average rainfall of 550m
villages in Anantapuramu water Monitored feedback from
Village folks are aware of
district. the
Monitoring by the ward accessibility to free drinking
beneficiaries
Water dispenser at ward members water
level Report- District profile
[water department]

Activities: Inputs: Storage tanks constructed

are well maintained.
Connection for water Funds
supply from canals to RO plants are functional
Raw materials of
storage tanks.
connecting pipes Funds are realised on time
Physical infrastructure from
Storage Support from Sathya Sai
RO plant to all the wards in
Trust
the village. RO plants
Training for monitoring and
maintenance.
Rechange Pits

OVI MOV Assumptions

Outputs: • Photograph • Water infiltration • Average rainfall of

evidence, check by test and 550m in the region
• Recharge pit is
MGNREGA field Piezometer test. of recharge unit.
constructed at
assistant
farmer level. • Month wise • The recharge units
• Water quality groundwater level are maintained and
• Committee is
monitoring level monitoring report monitored
actively monitoring
monitored by by Gov. A.P - judiciously by
and maintaining the
committee. Ground water committee
pits.
department.

• CGWD and SGWD

report

Activities: Inputs: • Soil is not

contaminated by
• Site Identification • Funds
excessive
• Excavation of pit • Raw materials: chemicals.
[Generally 6-8 feet Graded jelly of
• Availability of
deep] different sizes, sand
quality raw
and mesh.
• Filling the pit with materials.
stones and sand • Manpower
• Funds are released
• Covering the pit on time.
with mesh/soil

• Placing recharge pit

board information

• Awareness
Campaign

• Formation of
participatory
ground water
monitoring
committee.

• Training for
maintenance
 OVI MOV Assumptions

Outputs: • Photograph • EC from the • Tenders, bids,

evidences, department contracts,
Physical infrastructure
visible implementation
of proposed canals and • General
actions per contract
reservoirs Project
and other
• Engineer, Monitoring
project related
project including the
activities are
manager sub-project
completed
approval of activities along
successfully.
completion with
documentation • Implementation
and is carried out as
completion planned.
reports.
• Continuous
• Final Report of support from
project government
execution
• An audit of the
project
• A technical and
financial report
of works:
Reports of
meetings with
the Project
Monitoring
Committee

Activities Inputs

Getting environmental 360-degree

clearance report generated
by the help of
various
stakeholders
Construction of canals • Funds • Approval from
and reservoirs. the government
• Raw
• Penna Ahobilam Material • Timely release
Balancing of funds
• Person-
Reservoir
power
(Across river
pennar near • Technology
korrakodu) • Machinery
• Handri Neeva • Training
Sujala Sravanthi manual
(Krishna river to
Jeedipalli
reservoir)
• Upper pennar
project (Across
pennar river)
• Pennar
kumudvathi
(Confluence of
pennar and
kumudvathi
river)
• Bhairavanithippa
(Across
vedavathi river)
• Yogi Vemana
Reservoir
(Across
maddilere)
• Training for
monitoring and
maintenance of
canals.
Awareness

OVI MOV Assumptions

Output By 2025: • District • Average

profile report rainfall of
• Increased Cover 10,000 ha of
550m
greenery green forest • Forest survey
of India • Efficient
• Practising ZBNF (Baseline: 1.96 lakh
report recycling of
ha forest)
• Expansion in water is
• Water
eco-sanitation In-home water practised
consumption
use and consumption is
report • Selected
reduction in reduced by 5%
trainees are
freshwater use • Annual report
Phase-ii: Cover capable and
for sanitation of RySS
20,000 ha under responsible,
purposes
ZBNF • Measurement and
• Increased of availability beneficiaries
availability of of water mm show
water for per hectare interest and
irrigation actively
participate
in the
sessions

Activities: Input: • Support

from RySS
• Awareness • Funds
drive on water • Support
• Volunteers
conservation from NGO
• Information
• Distribution of • Stakeholders
dissemination
sampling and are willing to
tools - Media,
Planting tree participate
Paper,
saplings
Pamphlets,
• Implementation FGDs etc.
ZBNF or poly
• Training
cropping
manuals
 • Awareness on
efficient use of
water
• Wastewater
management
infrastructures

Project details:

IRRIGATION PROFILE OF ANANTAPURAMU DISTRICT

Rainfall Particulars

South-west Monsoon North-East Monsoon Winter Period Hot weather period

S.No Year Total
June(mm) July(mm) Aug(mm) Sep(mm) Oct(mm) Nov(mm) Dec(mm) Jan(mm) Feb(mm) Mar(mm) Apr(mm) May(mm)
2004-
1 18.18 108.34 14.82 121.53 69.76 10.68 0.00 1.45 5.33 1.53 28.03 53.89 433.56
05
2005-
2 48.79 145.42 98.03 134.36 190.91 49.50 11.90 0.00 0.00 40.76 11.72 59.76 791.20
06
2006-
3 79.22 21.76 15.40 86.01 45.16 74.21 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.78 65.46 407.87
07
2007-
4 150.72 73.33 122.16 197.36 94.57 9.37 17.42 0.00 21.10 84.55 0.37 57.83 828.80
08
5 2008- 62.47 87.38 108.55 211.21 111.87 48.64 0.54 0.47 0.00 6.67 4.68 71.44 713.92
09
2009-
6 55.31 8.98 102.87 191.31 61.49 67.15 4.00 4.42 0.86 2.50 33.47 83.25 615.60
10
2010-
7 77.26 107.82 149.75 68.77 72.86 150.80 3.53 0.00 0.59 0.00 33.26 57.62 722.26
11
2011-
8 46.97 85.40 113.04 26.19 91.58 24.26 3.04 0.61 0.00 5.35 65.75 33.50 495.69
12
2012-
9 19.20 76.37 110.97 68.90 68.37 62.10 4.74 0.00 6.10 0.65 12.42 25.85 455.66
13
2013-
10 47.10 34.00 34.20 239.00 86.60 88.80 0.10 0.00 0.00 18.20 12.90 57.80 618.70
14
2014-
11 44.90 35.70 56.80 35.00 84.90 11.70 4.10 0.80 0.20 13.40 65.20 23.90 376.60
15
 MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS TBPHLC SYSTEM

(Stage-II)

1. Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir (DR. KS. P.A.B.R)

Preamble

The Penna Ahobilam Balancing Reservoir is located across River Pennar near Korrakodu (v), Kuderu Mandal, Ananthapuramu District. It is intended to
store 11.10 T.Mcft. to provide irrigation facilities to 1.00 lakh acres (50,000 Acres under P.A.B.R. Right Canal and 50,000 Acres under Yadiki Canal System).
In addition, it is intended to feed tanks enrout P.A.B.R. Right Canal and driking water facility to the Chronically drought p rone upland areas in
Ananthapuramu District.

Salient Features

Location :
Latitude : 14° 47' 26" N
Longitude : 77° 17' 57" E
Catchment area : 6165 Sq.Km(2420 Sq.Miles)
Deep river bed level : 400.0 m
Deepest foundation level : 399.5 m
Maximum Flood Discharge : 4596 Cumecs
F.R.L. : 443.000 m
Top Level of Dam : 446.0 m
Gross capacity at F.R.L. : 11.100 TMCft
Live storage at F.R.L : 10.740 TMCft
Water spread area at F.R.L : 27.56 M.Sq.m(296.5 M.Sq.ft)
Length of Spillway : 101.44 m
Total length of dam : 1920 m
Crest level of spillway : 434.34 m(1424.6')
No. and size of spillway gates : 101.44 m
Sill level : 423.000 m
Power generation : 2 Units of 10 MW each Kaplan Turbines 15400 B.H No.s 10 MW each

Irrigation potential:

It is intended to provide irrigation facilities to 1.01 lakh acres (50,000 Acres under P.A.B.R. Right Canal in addition to st abilization of ayacut
7,500 acres under tanks enroute and 51,600 Acres under Yadiki Canal System).

Mandals benefited : 6 Nos. Kuderu, Atmakuru, Rapthadu, Dharmavaram, Bathalapalli, Tadimarri.

Components :
Main Canals : 1 No.
 Branch Canals : 2 No.
(a) Dharmavaram Branch Canal
(DBC)
(b) Pappuru Branch Canal (PBC)
Details Of The Canals P.A.B.R Rt. Canal D.B.C P.B.C
Length 112.00 Km. 30.98 Km 8.75 Km
Head Discharge 821 Cusecs 105 Cusecs 50 Cusecs
Ayacut in Acres 38,600 Acres 6,400 Acres 5,000 Acres
Cropping Pattern Rabi (I.D) Rabi (I.D) Rabi (I.D)

Status:

Dam : All the Dam works are almost completed except erecting of Gantry Crane and certain rehabilitation works (Drilling and Groutin g to
prevent leakages). An amount of Rs. 13.50 Crores is necessary to complete the above works.

PABR Right Canal :

The PABR Right Canal has been taken up in 1978 to provide irrigation facilities to an extent of 50,000 Acres to serve in Kuderu, Singanamala,
Anantapur, Raptadu, Dharmavaram and Tadimarri Mandals of Ananthapuramu District in addition to stabilization of ay acut of 7,500 acres under tanks
enroute.

Longitude : 77° 17' 57'' E

Latitude : 14° 47' 26'' E

Contemplates irrigation facilities to an extent of 5000 acres to serve 7 mandals in Ananthapuramu district in addition to sta bilization of
ayacut of 7500 acres under M.I tanks.

The works are almost completed except distributory network. It is estimated that Rs. 20.00 Crores is necessary for physical c ompletion of all
balance works to provide contemplated benefits.

TBP.HLC. System (Stage-II)

YADIKI CANAL SYSTEM (P.A.B.R STAGE-II):

Preamble :

Yadiki Canal system is intended to provide Irrigation facilities to an ayacut of 50,000 acres I.D. during Rabi season by util ising 5 TMCft of water
to be stored in P.A.B.R. to benefit arid areas of Yadiki, Peddavadugur, Peddapappuru and Tadipatri Mandals of Ananthapuramu district.

Mandals benefited :

4 Nos.Peddavaduguru, Yadiki, Peddapappuru, Tadipatri.

Pendekallu Balancing Reservoir

Preamble :

Pendekallu Balancing Reservoir to a capacity of 0.65 TMC is constructed at Pendekallu village, Peddapappuru Mandal, Anantapur District.

Ayacut : Creates I.P. of 18500 acres

Mandals Benefitted : Peddapappuru and Tadipatri

Chagallu Barrage
Preamble :

Chagallu Barrage is constructed to a capacity of 1.50 T.Mcft at Chagallu village, Peddapappuru Mandal, Ananthapuramu District.

Ayacut : Creates an I.P of 4500 acres

Mandals Benefitted : Peddapappuru and Tadipatri

2. Handri Neeva Sujala Sravanthi Project

Preamble :

The Anantha Venkata Rami H.N.S.S. Project is conceived to provide irrigation facilities to 6.025 Lakh acres (Khariff ID) in the four districts of Rayalaseema
and supply of drinking water to about 33 Lakh People, utilizing 40 TMC of flood water from the Krishna River. This flood water is to be drawn from the
foreshore of Srisailam reservoir with an approach channel of 3.4 Kms length and the Main canal runs for a length of 565 Kms. Water is to be drawn during
the 120 flood days from August to November. This scheme involves lifting of water in 8 stages in Phase-I Main Canal and 4 stages on Phase-II main canal
with a total lift height of 369.83m, excavation of 5 Nos. of tunnels for a total length of 13.05 Kms and formation of 8 balancing reservoirs enroute.

The water utilization proposed under the project is as follows:-

Crop Demand (Including

1 34.30 TMC
conveyance losses)
Drinking water supply to the Urban
2 4.00 TMC
and Rural areas enroute the canals
Evaporation losses under balancing
3 1.70 TMC
Reservoirs
Total 40.00 TMC

Four branch canals namely, Peruru Branch Canal, Madakasira Branch Canal, Punganur Branch Canal and Niva Branch Canal are proposed along
the main canal. Three distributories Viz., Atmakur, Thamballipalli and Vayalpadu are also proposed along the main canal.

The Ayacut proposal under Four Districts is as follows:

1 Kurnool 80,000 Acres (Phase-I)

2 Anantapuramu 3, 45,000 Acres (1, 18,000 Acres Phase-I + 2, 27,000 Acres Phase-II)
3 Kadapa 37,500 Acres (Phase-II)
4 Chittoor 1, 40,000 Acres (Phase-II)
Total 6, 02,500 Acres

Salient Features

Intake Location : Foreshore of Srisailam Reservoir near Malyala(V) Nanchikotkur(M) Kurnool(Dt)

Canal bed level at starting point at
Malyala(V) (-1.922 km) : 261.450 m

Canal F.S.L at starting point : 266.150 m

Canal Section : 16.00 m & 4.70 m
Head Discharge of main canal : 5820 cusecs (164.803 Cumecs)
Pumping period : 120 days (Aug. to Nov. in a year) (as per approved HP's)
The total project cost is Rs.6850.00 Crores. In view of the enormity of the total project, it is contemplated to take up the scheme in 2 Phases
i.e., HNSS Phase-I(Rs.2774.00 Crores) and HNSS Phase-II.(Rs.4076.00 Crores)
Administrative approval for Phase-I : Rs: 1305 Crores
Revised Administrative approval for
the Phase-I : for Rs.2774 Crores
Administrative approval for the -
Phase-II : Rs:1880 Crores
Revised Administrative approval for
the Phase-II : Rs.4076 Crores

Description Reach @ Km.(-) 4.806 Reach @ Km.(+) 0.392

Discharge Designed in cumeces 164.803 114.526
Discharge Required in cumeces 163.5 109.000
Bed width in Meters 16.00 9.50
FSD in metes 4.70 4.70
Surface fall 1 in 4000 1 in 6000
Side slopes 2:1 1.5:1
Velocity in m/sec 1.38 1.472
Value of 'n' 0.018 0.018
Bed level @ start in m 253.00 287.235
FSL @ Start in m 257.700 291.935
Location No of pumps
Height of lift in Discharge in Power requirement in
S.No Lift chainage Stage- I Stage- II
Village Mandals Mts cumes MW
HNSS main canal
1 (-)2.050 Malyala Nandikotkur 38.00 4 8 9.56 60.00
2 9.217 Brahmanakotkur Nandikotkur 29.75 4 8 9.56 46.80
3 56.917 Mallapalli Veldurthi 32.60 4 8 9.56 50.96
 4 66.132 Krishnagiri Krishnagiri 35.24 4 8 9.56 54.56
5 78.785 Kambalapadu Krishnagiri 33.14 4 8 9.56 50.96
6 88.690 Lakkasagaram Krishnagiri 33.04 4 8 9.56 50.96
7 95.735 Gundlakonda Devanakonda 29.22 4 8 9.56 41.90
8 173.837 Regulapadu vajrakarur 33.01 4 8 9.56 41.90
Additional Lift
9 Mucchumarri Pagidyala 27.83 4 8 9.56 39.12
Total 36 72 437.16
Peruru branch canal
10 1.375 Ankampalli Belaguppa 25.56 9 11.97
11 3.370 Ankampalli Belaguppa 19.14 10 5.50
Hagari Branch canal of Peruru Branch
12 6.07 23.00 2 4.20
canal
21 21.67
Phase-I Grand Total 93 458.83

HNSS Project Phase-I (Kurnool and Ananthapuramu Districts)

HNSS Project Phase-I, starts near Malyala(v), Nandikotkur(m), Kurnool District and contemplates lifting 14 TMC of water from Krishna river
in 9 lifts (including Muchchumarri Lift ) ranging from 24 to 31.20m height, including construction of 3 reservoirs on main ca nal, and to convey them
through HNSS canal of 216.00 Kms length connecting to the pump houses, to provide irrigation facilities to 1.98 lakh acres in Kurnool and Ananthapuram u
Districts besides providing drinking water to a population of 10 lakh in 144 villages. One Branch canal i.e., Peruru Branch Canal (80,600 Acres) with 3 lifts
is included in Phase-I. Ayacut proposed under HNSS Phase-I is 1,98,000 acres

Kurnool district : 80,000 acres

Anantapur district : 1,18,000 acres
Total : 1,98,000 acres

Main component works

1. HNSS Main Canal Starts from Lifting of Water from Foreshore of Srisailam Reservoir Near Mallyala Village to Jeedipalli Reservoir 216.300 Km.
2 Nos. in foreshore of Srisailam
2. Pumping Stations : 7 Nos. on HNSS Main canal
3 Nos. on Peruru Branch Canal.
3. Power Requirement for Lifts : 415.77 MW
4.Reservoirs
Krishnagiri Reservoir (Kurnool) : 0.161 TMC
Pattikonda Reservoir (Kurnool) : 1.126 TMC
Jeedipalli Reservoir (Anantapuram) : 1.694 TMC

The work of Phase-I are taken up under EPC turnkey system in 23 Packages (Civil works) and the main canal works from Km.( -) 3.40 to
Km.216.300 i.e., up to Jeedipalli Reservoir were completed and distributory works are in progress. The works of Mechanical p ackage works (lifts) are at
completion stage.

HNSS Phase-II (Anantapuramu, Kadapa and Chittoor Districts):

The Phase-II of the project involves

The 5 Reservoirs are proposed in Phase-II as follows

1.Gollapalli Reservoir(Anantapuramu Dist) 2.Cherlopalli

Reservoir (Anantapuramu)

3. Marala Reservoir(Anantapuramu Dist)

4.Srinivasapuram Reservoir (Kadapa Dist)

5.Adivipalli Reservoir(Chittoor Dist).

Ayacut Contemplated
a) Anantapuramu District : 2,27,000 Acres
b) Kadapa District : 37,500 Acres
c) Chittoor District : 1,40,000 Acres
Total : 4,04,500 Acres

Main Compound Works

i) HNSS Main canal runs from 216.300 Km to 565.000 Km with 3 lifts

ii) Number of Branch canals and distributaries.

1) Madakasira Branch Canal (Anantapuramu)

2) Punganur Branch Canal (Chittoor)

3) Thamballapalle Canal (Chittoor)

4) Vaylpadu Canal (Chittoor)

5) Neeva Branch Canal (Chittoor)

iii) Requirement of Power for lifts in Phase-II: 228.76 MW.

iv) Reservoirs in Phase-II

Gollapalli Reservoir (Anantapuramu) : 1.610 TMC

Cherlopalli Reservoir (Anantapuramu): 1.425 TMC

Marala Reservoir (Anantapuramu) : 0.464 TMC

Srinivasapuram Reservoir (Kadapa) : 0.354 TMC

Adivipalli Reservoir (Chittoor) : 1.100 TMC

HNSS Project In Anantapuramu District

(a) Ananthapuramu District:- Phase-I:

Jeedipalli Reservoir

Preamble

The HNSS Main Canal enters in Anantapur district at Ch Km 143.825 and ends at Km 216.300 ( Total length :72.475 Kms).The works under
Phase-I of Anantapuramu District are nearing completion in packages 30 to 34 i.e., from Km 114.000 to Km 210.000. The work of construction of Jeedipalli
Reservoir is completed in Package No. 35 and water stored in the Reservoir up to F.R.L (1.686 T.M.C) during 2103-2014. Peruru Branch canal to a length
is 6.07 km to feed an ayacut of 80,600 Acres is taken up under Package No. 36.The total ayacut proposed under Phase-I in Anantapur District is 1,18,000
Acres.

Salient Features

Location : Near Jeedipalli(V), Beluguppa (M)

Longitude : 77° 16'E
Latitude : 14° 42'N
FRL : (+) 464.20 m
Cross capacity : 1.68 TMC (47.57 M Cum)
Live capacity : 1.58 TMC (44.84 M. Cum)
Dead Storage : 0.081 TMC
Ayacut : Peruru Branch canal 80,600 Acres

(b) Ananthapuramu District:- Phase-II

Marala Reservoir

Preamble

The Phase-II of HNSS in Anantapur District commences at Km 216.300 and ends @ Km 463.000(total length :246.700 km).It is proposed to
provide irrigation facilities to a tune of 2,27,000 Acres and drinking water facilities to 16 Lakh People covering 257 villages in Anantapur District. In this
phase 9 Packages works and one Mechanical Package work is under progress and 5 Packages taken up in Mandakasira Branch Canal to a length is 151.04
km to feed an ayacut of 38,000 Acres in Anantapuramu District. Phase-II works in Anantapuramu district were taken up under 15 Packages Such as
Package no: 1,2,3,4,5, 7,12,13, 17, 54,55,56,57,58 and one Mechanical package.

Salient Features

Location : Near Marala, Bukkapatnam (M)

Longitude : 77° 56'E
Latitude : 14° 18'N
FRL : (+) 445.00m
 Cross capacity : 0.483TMC(13.68M Cum)
Live capacity : 0.465 TMC(13.16 M.Cum)
Dead Storage : 0.018 TMC (0. 520 M Cum)
Ayacut : H.N.S.S Main canal
Cropping pattern in nantapuramu Dist
Pump House

2 Nos. on main canal (1) Ragulapadu Lift @ Km.173.837, Height of lift=33.91m &(2) Jeedipalli Lift @
No. of lifts in Anantapuramu Dist. :
Km.216.300
12 Nos. of Pumps proposed at pumping station at Ragulapadu lift (point No.8) @ Km.173.837. & 8 Nos Pumps at
Pumps :
Jeedipalli Pumping station.
39 Mandals (Anantapur Dt) Which are
1.Guntakal 2.Uravakonda 3.Vazrakarur 4.Vidapanakal 5.Rayadurg 6.D.Hirehal 7.Bommanakal 8.Kanekal
9.Kalyandurg 10.Gummagatta 11.Bramhasamudram 12.Beluguppa 13.Kambadur 14.Atmakur 15.Kudair
No. of Mandals benefited : 16.Raptadu 17.Penukonda 18.Roddam 19.Kanganapalli 20.Ramagiri 21.C.K.Palli 22.Somandepalli
23.Dharmavaram 24.Kottacheruvu 24.Hindupur 26.Lepakshi 27.Chilamatur 28.Nallamada 29.Mudigubba 30.Kadiri 31.Nallacheruvu 32.Tanakal
33.Talupula 34.N.P.Kunta 35.O.D.Cheruvu 36.Puttaparthi 37.Madakasira

: Ground nuts, Millets, sunflower and pulses.

 38.Parigi 39.Bukkapatnam

Water User Association details and ayacut under TBP HLC system

S.No Name of the Irrigation system in Ananthapuramu district No. of PC's No. of DC's No. of WUA's Total Ayacut (acres)
1 High Level Main Canal (Stage - I) 1 11 35541
2 M.P.South Canal (Stage - I) 1 10 33176
3 M.P.North Canal (Stage - I) 1 5 13325
1
4 Tadipatri Branch Canal (Stage - I) 1 11 31131
5 G.B.C.System (Stage - II) (GBC+GSBC) 1 11 32063
Total 1 5 48 145236

Water Users Association Details of TBP HLC system in Ananthapuramu District

Sl.No. D.C.Name No. of W.U.A.s Name of the W.U.A District Mandal

1 Haresamudram Anantapur Bommanahal
2 Uddehal Anantapur Bommanahal
3 Bandur Anantapur Bommanahal
4 Sreedharagatta Anantapur Bommanahal
5 Kolaganahalli Anantapur Bommanahal
6 Bennikal Anantapur Kanekal
7 Kanekal Distributory Committee (HLMC) 11 Udegolam Anantapur Kanekal
8 Kanekal Anantapur Kanekal
9 Kalludevanahalli Anantapur Bommanahal
10 Palthur (HLMC) Anantapur Vidapanakal
11 Bollanaguddam Anantapur Bommanahal
12 Yeguvapalli Distributory Committee (MPNC) 5 Yeddulapalli Anantapur Pamidi
13 Pamidi Anantapur Pamidi
14 Gajarampalli Anantapur Peddavadugur
15 Peddavadugur Anantapur Peddavadugur
16 Dimmagudi Anantapur Peddavadugur
17 Yerragutla Anantapur Garladinnne
18 Garladinne Anantapur Garladinnne
19 Illuru Anantapur Garladinnne
20 Kallumadi Anantapur Singanamala
21 Tarimala Anantapur Singanamala
22 Podaralla Anantapur B.K.Samudram
Anantapur Distributory Committee (MPSC) 10
23 Janthalur Anantapur B.K.Samudram
24 Korrapadu Anantapur B.K.Samudram
25 Chennampalli Anantapur B.K.Samudram
26 Narpala Anantapur Narpala
27 Kadavakallu Anantapur Putlur
28 Peddapalamada Anantapur Tadipatri
29 Chinnapolamada Anantapur Tadipatri
30 Nandalapadu Anantapur Tadipatri
31 Diguvapalli Anantapur Tadipatri
32 Putlur Anantapur Putlur
33 Tadipatri Distributory Committee (TBC) 11 Senegalagudur Anantapur Putlur
34 Thirumalapuram Anantapur Yellanur
35 Vemulapalli Anantapur Yellanur
36 Kalluru Anantapur Yellanur
37 Yellanur Anantapur Yellanur
38 Palthur (GBC) Anantapur Vidapanakal
39 Havalgi Anantapur Vidapanakal
40 Donekal Anantapur Vidapanakal
41 Gadekal Anantapur Vidapanakal
42 Poliki Anantapur Guntakal
43 Marnepalli Anantapur Gooty
44 Guntakal Distributory Committee (GBC & GSBC) 11 Pedoddi I Anantapur Gooty
45 Mamuduru Anantapur Gooty
46 Akkajampalli Anantapur Pamidi
47 Pedoddi II Anantapur Gooty
48 Pedoddi III Anantapur Gooty

MEDIUM COMPLETED IRRIGATION PROJECTS

 Longitude : 77° 28' 14''
Left Canal Starting: 618.409, Ending: 616.327, Right Canal Starting : 618.409, Ending 614.540
Levels :
Diversion Anicut
Capacity : FRL in Mts 620.070, MDDL in Mts &, TBLin Mts Diversion Anicut
Ayacut : 6126 Acres under 7 tanks
Mandals Benefitted : Hindupur and Parigi
Utilisation : 700 Mcft
Maximum Flood Discharge : 25698 Cusecs

This project envisages supplementation of water to 7 tanks enroute both on left and right side canals of the project.

Right side Canal

1) Kotnur : 1530 Acres
2) Kallukunta : 45 Acres
3) Utukuru tank : 1348 Acres
Left side Canal
1) Parigi tank : 2851 Acres
2) Kodiginahalli : 216 Acres
3) Subbarayanipalli : 87 Acres
4) Sasanakota : 49 Acres
Details Of The Canals Right CANAL Left CANAL
Length 10.90 KM 10.50 KM
Discharge 367 cusecs 814 cusecs
Ayacut in Acres 2923 Acres 3202 Acres
Cropping Pattern Paddy, Mulberry, Ragi,Chilies, Sunflower and Groundnut Paddy, Mulberry, Ragi,Chilies, Sunflower and Groundnut
Villages benefited:

1) Kotnur 2) Muddireddi palli 3) Melapuram 4) Singireddypalli 5) Kollakunta 6) Kodiginahalli 7) Subbarayanipalli 8) Sasanakot a 9) Parigi
10) Sirikolam 11) Pydeti 12) Beerepalli 13) Utukuru 14) Beechiganipalli 15) Vittapalli 16) Ganapathi palli 17) Seegihalli 18) Nar asapuram

Jayamangali:-

This is constructed prior to construction of Pennar Kumudvathi Project across Jayamangali river to divert water through a old 4KMS length
of supply channel to Parigi tank. But, after completion of Pennar Kumudvathi Project Jayamangali anicut is connection with a new channel of 6.2 KM
length from the head sluice.

2. Bhairavanithippa Project

Preamble

This project is located in Gummagatta Mandal near border of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states, across Vedavathi River (also called
Pedda Hagari River) in Krishna basin and it was constructed across River Hagari during 1955 to 1961 with a designed localization pattern of 12,000 Acres
in both left and right flank main canals.

Salient Features

Latitude : 14° 32' 10''

Longitude : 76° 50' 30''
FRL in Mts 504.440, MDDL in Mts 497.738, TBL in Mts 506.550 Left Canal Starting: 497.738,
Levels :
Ending: 491.846, Right Canal Starting :497.738, Ending 493.717
Capacity : FRL M.cum 56.663, MDDL in M cum 1.071
 Ayacut : 12,000 Acres
Mandals Benefitted : 1) Gummagatta 2) Bramhasamudram
Utilisation : 3930.00 Mcft
Maximum Flood Discharge : 1,28,000 Cusecs
Details Of The Canals Right CANAL Left CANAL
Length 13.80 KM 25 KM
Discharge 83.83 cusecs 181 cusecs
Ayacut in Acres 3760 Acres 8240 Acres
Cropping Pattern Paddy,Groundnut Paddy, Groundnut
Villages benefited:
Left Canal:

Tallakera, Gummagatta, Gonabavi , Kalugodu , J.Venkatampalli, Belodu, RangaChedu , Netrapalli, Junjurampalli, Mallepalli,
Vydayanguredlapalli, Hosahalli, Emupalli, Bhupasamudram.

Right Canal:

Bhairavanithippa, Gundivaripalli ,Vepalaparthi , Chelimepalli, Bairasamudram, Buddamepalli, Polepalli, Boyaladoddi, Kanepalli

3. Yogi Vemana Reservoir Project

Preamble

This project is to be constructed across river Maddileru which is a tributary to Chitravathi River. This project is located near Adavibramhana
palli Thanda, of about 9KM from Mudigubba and will be Constructed across the Maddileru river (Tributory to Chitravathi River) with an ayacut under this
project 12,880 Acres both left and right flank main canals.

Salient Features

Latitude : 14° 21' 25''

Longitude : 78° 08' 13''
FRL in Mts 383.000, MDDL in Mts 377.505, TBL in Mts 386.450 Left Canal Starting: 376.745,
Levels :
Ending: 359.880, Right Canal Starting : 376.845, Ending: 337.700
Capacity : FRL M.cum 25.845, MDDL in M cum 8.495
Ayacut : 12,880 Acres
Mandals Benefitted : Mudigubba
Utilisation : 0.600 TMC
Maximum Flood Discharge : 1,25,190 Cusecs
Details Of The Canals Right CANAL Left CANAL
Length 19.815 KM 20.97 KM
Discharge 137 cusecs 87.59 cusecs
Ayacut in Acres 7,875 Acres 5,005 Acres
Cropping Pattern Paddy,Groundnut Paddy, Groundnut
Villages benefited:

1) Dorigallu 2)Nakkalapalli 3) Indukuru 4) Marthadu 5) Pula kunta palli 6) Dhamani Palli 7) Bandlapalli 8) Kodavandlapalli 9) Edulapalli
10) Chitravaripalli 11) Budanampalli 12) Gandlavandla palli 13) Sankepalli.
Farmers Organization information and District wise, Mandal wise WUA wise Localization information
 Medium Irrigation Projects
Y.V.R.Project Mandal Village Ayacut in acres
L/S canal No.1 Dorigallu Mudigubba Dorigallu 1871
L/S canal No.2 Dorigallu Mudigubba Dorigallu 1113
L/S canal No.3 G.V.P.Canal, Sankepalli Mudigubba Sankepalli 2071
R/S canal No.1 Dorigallu Mudigubba Dorigallu 2292
R/s Canal No.2, Marthadu Mudigubba Marthadu 2213
R/S canal No.3, Kadavandlapalli Mudigubba Kadavandlapalli 1865
11425
B.T.Project
L.F.M.C. 1 Gummagatta Gummagatta 1753
L.F.M.C. 2 Kalugodu Kalugodu 2073
L.F.M.C. 3 Bupasamudram Gummagatta Bupasamudram 2465
L.F.M.C. 4 Belodu Belodu 1948
Medium Irrigation
R.F.M.C. Vepalaparthi Vepalaparthi Vepalaparthi 1883
R.F.M.C. Budimepalli , H/o Kannepalli Budimepalli Budimepalli 1803
11925
U.P.Project
Peruru Peruru Peruru 2384
Maddelacheruvu Kanaganapalli Maddelacheruv 1630
Tagarakunta Tagarakunta 2651
Palacherla Raptadu Palacherla 1739
Gandlaparthy Raptadu Gandlaparthy 1825
10229
P.K.Project
L.F.M.L. 1 Serekolam Serekolam 1090
L.F.M.L. 2 Parigi Parigi Parigi 1054
L.F.M.L.3 Karigenahalli Karigenahalli 1175
Kotnur Hindupur Kotnur 1364
Utukur Parigi Utukur 1078
5761

Minor Irrigation Schemes

Formation of new M.I tank across Jilledubanda vagu near Guddampalli thanda of Gunjepalli (V) Mudigubba(M)

Preamble

This tank is to be constructed across Jilledubanda vagu which is a tributary to Maddileru river and is located in Pennar basi n. The total cost
is Rs.1146.01 Lakhs including LA for head works.
Salient Features

Location : Latitude-14 ° 22' 11"

: Longitude-77 ° 57' 16"
F.T.L : 381.00 M
Yield available : 262.80Mcft
Storage capacity : 224.42Mcft
Ayacut : 2792Acres
Canals Right Side Left Side
Length 6 Km 8 Km
Discharge 14.145Cusecs 32.95Cusecs

Present Stage

The head works are almost completed. The contractor has stopped the work. The balance work is proposed to be taken up as per clause 60 of
APDSS and no contractor is coming forward to do the work at the old rates. The Revised Estimate is submitted to Chief Enginee r, Minor Irrigation,
Hyderabad for obtaining Revised Administrative approval. The Land Acquisition for canals is under process. Soon after
completion of Land Acquisition, estimates will be prepared and submitted to Chief Engineer, Minor Irrigation, Hyderabad
for obtaining administrative approval.

Social aspects of Reservoirs and Canals:

Advantages Disadvantages

Leaves water available for other uses May involve resettlement

Often provide flood protection May restrict navigation

May enhance navigation conditions Local land use patterns will be modified

Often enhances recreational facilities Water Borne diseases vectors may occur

Enhances accessibility of the territory and its Requires management of competing water uses
resources (access roads and ramps, bridges)

Provides opportunities for construction and Effects on impacted peoples’ livelihoods need to
operation with the high percentage of local be addressed, with particular attention to
person-power vulnerable social groups

Improve living conditions Effects on cultural heritage may need to be

addressed

Sustains livelihoods (fresh water, food supply)

 Economic aspects of Reservoirs and Canals:

Advantages Complexities

Provides low operating and maintenance cost High upfront investment

Provides long lifespan (50 to 100 years in mode) Precipitation dependent

Provides reliable service In some cases the storage capacity of reservoir may
decrease due to sedimentation

Includes proven technology Requires long-term planning

Can instigate and foster regional development Requires long-term agreements

Provides highest energy efficiency rates (payback ratio Requires multidisciplinary involvement
in conversion process)

Can generate revenues to sustain other water usage Often requires foreign contractors and funding

Creates employment opportunities

Saves fuel

Optimise this power supply of other generating

options (thermal and variable renewables)
 Environmental aspects of Reservoirs and Canals:

Advantages Disadvantages

Produces no atmospheric pollutants Inundation of terrestrial habitat

Neither consumes nor pollutes the water it uses Modification of hydrological regimes
electricity generation purposes

Produces no waste Modification of aquatic habitats

Avoids depleting non-renewable fuel resources What is the quality need to be monitored/ managed
(i.e., coal, gas, oil)

Very few greenhouse gas emissions relative to other Greenhouse gas emission can arise under certain
large-scale energy options conditions In reservoirs

Can create new freshwater ecosystem with increased Temporary introduction of methyl mercury into the food
productivity chain needs to be monitored/managed

Enhances knowledge and improves management of Species activities and populations need to be monitored
valued species due to study results /managed

Can result in increased attention to existing Barriers for fish migration

environmental issues in the affected area

Sediment composition and transport may need to be

monitored/managed

Introduction of pest species need to be

monitored/managed

May open up remaining remote and pristine areas and

refuges to human access
Social Cost Benefit Analysis:
Investment (In Cr) Benefits (In Cr) (per year)

Penna Ahobilam Cost benefit from decrease in water borne

20
Balancing Reservoir diseases 42.87

Handri Neeva Sujala

1023 Less crop failure (10% Average)
Sravanthi Project 108.29

Upper Pennar Project Plentiful water for livestock (5% average

12
death) 13.79

Pennar Kumudvathi Not having to rely on water carting ( 20%

10
Project population @ Rs20 per day extra productivity) 1.17

Bhairavanithippa Project Ground water recharge (Less expense on

5
digging well @ Rs 200 per hectare ) 18.88

Yogi Vemana Reservoir

0.6953 Reduce soil erosion and depletion
Project

Pipeline 100 Increase crop production (minimum 5% ) 11.79

Plantation Increase Nutritional level (Saving @ Rs 50 per

15
capita) 20.42

Awareness 10 Reduce girls' dropout from school

Capacity Building Time lost to sickness is reduced (saving @ 100

20
per capita) 40.83

Leads to Greenery (Less expense on climate

control measures @ Rs 5 per hectare) 0.59

Income generated by recreation, tax and

electricity 4

Total 1215.70 Total 241.22

O&M COST (@2%OF 21.41 Cr NPV (Rate @10% for 10 Years) (in Cr) 242.26
INVESTMENT)
 Hybrid Monitoring:

Maintenance:

S No. Name Activities Maintenance by

1 Canal Cleaning MGNREGA Worker

Weeding Trained Mason (1(main) +1(contingency)) Per GP

De-silting

Re- shaping

Executing minor repairs

2 Reservoir Cleaning or de-silting Skilled professional appointed on contractual basis

Crack maintenance

Machinery maintenance
3 Recharge pits Monitoring Individuals

Timely cleaning

Preventing from deposition

4 Pipeline Crack maintenance Skilled professional

Timely cleaning

Support from & to other Projects: