LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Identify Different Kinds of Technical

Learning Outcome 1
Drawings

Contents:
1. Selected Technical drawing.
2. Types and kinds of drawings.

Assessment Criteria:
1. Correct technical drawing is selected according to job requirements.

2. Technical drawings are segregated in accordance with the types and

kinds of drawings.

Conditions:
Trainees will be provided with the following:
1. OHS guidelines and policies.
2. PC specifications
3. Network designs
4. Books/magazines
5. Manuals
Methodology:
1. Lecture-demonstration
2. Self-paced instruction
3. Group discussion

Assessment Method:
1. Practical tasks involving interpretation of a range of technical
drawings
2. Oral questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |1
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
 Learning Outcome 1

Identify Different Kinds of Technical Drawings

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 4.1-1

on Selected Technical drawing
This Learning Outcome
discusses the types of
2. Answer Self-Check 4.1-1 Technical drawing.

Check your answer using the

Answer Key 4.1-1 You will be required to list the
different types of drawings.

Performance criteria checklists

3. Read Information Sheet 4.1-2 are self-evaluation tools. Use
on Types and kinds of drawings these tools to evaluate your
own performance or output
before showing them to your
4. Answer Self-Check 4.1-2 facilitator.

Check your answer using the

Answer Key No. 4.1-2

INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-1

Selected Technical Drawing

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01
CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |2
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Learning Objectives:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. identify the types of technical drawings.

2. apply the following drawing in the circuit.

A circuit is a collection of interconnected electrical devices such that

charge (usually electrons) can flow through it continuously without

beginning or end. Each electrical device is a component that is treated as a

separate entity. Devices typically encountered in circuits are batteries,

resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, OpAmps, integrated

circuits, etc.

To specify and document electrical circuits, standardized symbols are

used for the devices and the wires that interconnect them. Circuit symbols

are also used for conceptual devices such as ideal voltage and current

sources, and to simplify schematics, e.g., by using a common reference or

ground potential with an associated ground symbol.

A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using

visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since ancient times, but

became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. Sometimes, the

technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected

onto a two-dimensional surface. The word graph is sometimes used as a

synonym for diagram.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |3
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Schematic Diagram

The schematic diagram shows, by means of graphic symbols,

the electrical connections and functions of a specific circuit arrangement.

The schematic diagram is used to trace the circuit and its functions without

regard to the actual physical size, shape, or location of the component

devices or parts. The schematic diagram is the most useful of all the

diagrams in learning overall system operation.

Block Diagram

Block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or

functions are represented graphically by blocks. The block diagram is

typically used for a higher level, less detailed description because a block

diagram gives the big picture, without going into details.

Block diagrams are ways of representing relationships between signals

in a system. Each block in the block diagram establishes a relationship

between signals. Block diagrams are heavily used in the engineering world

in hardware design, electronic design, software design, and process flow

diagrams, etc.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |4
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Chart
The term "chart" as a graphical representation of data has multiple
meanings:

 A data chart is a type of diagram or graph that organizes and

represents a set of numerical or qualitative data.

 Maps that are adorned with extra information (map surround) for a
specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a nautical
chart or aeronautical chart, typically spread over several map sheets.

 Other domain specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such

as the chord chart in music notation or a record chart for album
popularity.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |5
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
 Self- Check 4.1-1

Identification. Answer the following questions.

1. It is the most useful of all the diagrams in learning overall system

operation

2. It is a collection of interconnected electrical devices such that

charge (usually electrons) can flow through it continuously without

beginning or end.

3. It is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions

are represented graphically by blocks.

4. A type of diagram or graph that organizes and represents a set of

numerical or qualitative data.

5. It is a symbolic representation of information using visualization

techniques.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |6
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
 Answer Key 4.1-1

1. The schematic diagram

2. A circuit

3. Block diagram

4. A data chart

5. A diagram

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |7
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-2

Types and Kinds of Drawings

Learning Objectives:
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. list the types of technical drawings.

2. know and understand the differences of technical drawings.

Flowchart

A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the

nature and flow of the steps in a process. Another name for this tool is "flow
diagram."

What Are the Elements of a Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the

series of processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to
design an efficient business system and to troubleshoot or improve an
existing system. A flowchart consists of elements, such as the terminator,
process, sub process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.

1. Terminator

A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners.

A terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end
terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.

2. Process

A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a

business process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A process can
be described using a single verb noun phrase; for example, "Order Office

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |8
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Supplies." The same level of detail must be kept in processes on a single
flowchart.

3. Sub-process

A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each

side. A sub- process is a major process that could be broken up into simpler
processes developed into another flowchart.

4. Decision

A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a

decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.

5. Connector

A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is

labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a
flowchart on several pages. A connector ensures that the processes are
connected logically and correctly on several pages.

6. Arrow Lines

Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom,

keep a flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could
indicate redundancy in the business process.

When should teams use flowcharts?

At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is

flowchart helps your team and others involved in the process to understand
how it currently works. The team may find it helpful to compare this as-is
flowchart with a diagram of the way the process is supposed to work. Later,
the team will develop a flowchart of the modified process again, to record
how it actually functions. At some point, your team may want to create an
ideal flowchart to show how you would ultimately like the process to be
performed.

Benefits of Using Flowcharts

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page |9
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
1. Promote understanding of a process.

People may have differing ideas about how a process works. A

flowchart can help you gain agreement about the sequence of steps.
Flowcharts promote understanding in a way that written procedures cannot
do. One good flowchart can replace pages of words.

2. Provide a tool for training employees.

Because of the way they visually lay out the sequence of process
steps, flowcharts can be very helpful in training employees to perform the
process according to standardized procedures.

3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improvement.

Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem
areas become more visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifying
and refining your process by analyzing decision points, redundant steps,
and rework loops.

Basic Flowchart Symbols

Start/End Symbol

The terminator symbol marks the starting or ending point of the system. It
usually contains the word "Start" or "End."

Action or Process Symbol

A box can represent a single step ("add two cups of flour"), or and entire
sub-process ("make bread") within a larger process.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 10
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Document Symbol

A printed document or report.

Multiple Documents Symbol

Represents multiple documents in the process.

Decision Symbol

A decision or branching point. Lines representing different decisions emerge

from different points of the diamond.

Input/Output Symbol

Represents material or information entering or leaving the system, such as

customer order (input) or a product (output).

Manual Input Symbol

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01
CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 11
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Represents a step where a user is prompted to enter information manually.

Preparation Symbol

Represents a set-up to another step in the process.

Connector Symbol

Indicates that the flow continues where a matching symbol (containing the
same letter) has been placed.

Or Symbol

Indicates that the process flow continues in more than two branches.

Summoning Junction Symbol

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 12
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Indicates a point in the flowchart where multiple branches converge back
into a single process.

Merge Symbol

Indicates a step where two or more sub-lists or sub-processes become one.

Collate Symbol

Indicates a step that orders information into a standard format.

Sort Symbol

Indicates a step that organizes a list of items into a sequence or sets based
on some pre-determined criteria.

Subroutine Symbol

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 13
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Indicates a sequence of actions that perform a specific task embedded
within a larger process. This sequence of actions could be described in more
detail on a separate flowchart.

Manual Loop Symbol

Indicates a sequence of commands that will continue to repeat until stopped

manually.

Loop Limit Symbol

Indicates the point at which a loop should stop.

Delay Symbol

Indicates a delay in the process.

Data Storage or Stored Data Symbol

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01
CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 14
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
Indicates a step where data gets stored.

Database Symbol

Indicates a list of information with a standard structure that allows for

searching and sorting.

Internal Storage Symbol

Indicates that information was stored in memory during a program, used in

software design flowcharts.

Display Symbol

Indicates a step that displays information.

Off Page

Indicates that the process continues off page.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01
CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 15
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
How do you interpret flowcharts?

A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways
to improve it only if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting
your Flowchart will help you to :

 Determine who is involved in the process.

 Form theories about root causes.
 Identify ways to streamline the process.
 Determine how to implement changes to the process.
 Locate cost-added-only steps.
 Provide training on how the process works or should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis
of your flowchart.

Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that
indicate a need to improve the process:

Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be

caused by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity,
or other factors.

Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of

inadequate training of process workers, equipment that needs to be
repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform
the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.

Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be

interpreted and performed in a different way by each person involved,
leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the
weak link cited above.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 16
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
 Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data
on how often there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked
by a diamond shaped symbol. If most decisions go one way rather
than the other, you may be able to remove this decision point.

Step 3 - Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks

generate rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the
rework loop and identify those that need to be improved. Look for
ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.

Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key
quality characteristic into the end product? If not, consider
eliminating it.

Types of flowchart

Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there

are three main types of flowcharts namely, linear, deployment, and
opportunity. The level of detail can be depicted as macro, mini, or micro for
each of these types.

1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the

sequence of work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify
rework and redundant or unnecessary steps within a process.

2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual

process flow and identifies the people or groups involved at each step.
Horizontal lines define customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart
shows where the people or groups fit into the process sequence, and how
they relate to one another throughout the process.

How do we construct a linear flowchart?

Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart

1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 17
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart those operators,
technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.

3. Establish process boundaries the starting and ending points.

Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the
process. Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to
remove any doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help
establish the scope of related processes.

4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not
sure about a step, mark it to be investigated later.

5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start

with the last step and work back to the first step.

6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.

7. Review and title the Flowchart.

Self- Check 4.1-2

Identification. Answer the following questions.

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 18
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
1. It is a diagram that displays the sequence of work steps that make up

a process.

2. Indicates a list of information with a standard structure that allows

for searching and sorting.

3. It is a major process that could be broken up into simpler processes

developed into another flowchart.

4. Indicates that information was stored in memory during a program,

used in software design flowcharts.

5. Indicates a sequence of actions that perform a specific task embedded

within a larger process.

Answer Key 4.1-2

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 19
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
 1. linear flowchart

2. Database Symbol
3. A sub- process

4. Internal Storage Symbol

5. Subroutine Symbol

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 20
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0
http://electriciantraining.tpub.com/14176/css/Schematic-Diagram-
104.htm

https://mymodernmet.com/drawing-styles/

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/operations-management-
an/9781118122679/ch10-sec004.html

http://ecee.colorado.edu/~mathys/ecen1400/pdf/SchematicDiagramsHand
out.pdf

https://www.smartdraw.com/flowchart/flowchart-symbols.htm

Date Developed: Document No. NTC-CSS-CORE01

CBLMs on Computer Systems October 2019 Issued by:
Servicing NC II Northlink Technological
Developed by: College, Inc. Page | 21
PREPARE AND INTERPRET Jay Ann T. Gonzaga
TECHNICAL DRAWING Revision # 0