Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
Your School
Detailed Lesson Plan in Physical Science
Learning Area: Grade Level: Quarter: Date:
DLP No. Code: Physical Science 11 IV Day:
4th Q No.: 1 Time:
Learning Code No.:
Competency/ies: Explain what the Greeks considered to be the three types of terrestrial motion S12PS-IVa-36
Explain what is meant by diurnal motion, annual motion, precision of equinoxes S12PS-IVa-37
Explain how the Greeks knew that the earth is spherical S12PS-IVa-38
Key Concepts / How ancient Greeks viewed the motion of heavenly bodies
Understandings to be developed
Adapted Cognitive Process Objectives:
Learning Dimensions
Objectives: Remembering List the astronomical proofs that the Earth is round and spherical.
Knowledge
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Skills
Creating Create a graphic organizer in summarizing the ancient Greek two-domains view of the
universe.
Receiving Phenomena
Responding to
Phenomena
Valuing
Attitudes
Organization Relate scientific learnings on equinoxes and solstices in the real-life situation by giving
examples or sharing observations.
Internalizing values
Maka - Diyos
Values Makatao Cooperate in pair or group activities.
Makabansa
Makakalika-san
Content How the ancient Greeks realized that the Earth is not the center of the Universe
Learning Resources - Laptop
- Teaching Guide – Physical Science
o Commission on Higher Education & Philippine Normal University
o 2016
- Books:
o Caintic, H. 2017. Physical Science for Senior High School. C&E Publishing, Inc.,
Quezon City
o Punzalan, J & Monserrat, R. 2016. Physical Science – Science in Today’s World
for Senior High School. SIBS Publishing House, Inc., Quezon City
Methodology
Introductory Allow the students to think, reflect and list their prior experiences regarding their astronomical observations. Then share it to the entire class.
Activity
Activity 1. Using a think-pair-share activity, the students will read the notes on “The Greeks Knew that the Earth is Spherical” (Integration & Collaboration)
2. Highlight the observances of the shape of the earth made by Greeks.
3. Answer the given question in a piece of paper and share it to the class.
“What were the astronomical proofs that the Earth is round and spherical?”
4. Discussion will follow.
5. Create a graphic organizer that summarize the ancient Greek two-domains view of the universe.
6. Present the created graphic organizer.
Analysis Why the ancient Greeks believed that the earth is the center of the universe?
How did the ancient Greeks realize that the earth is spherical?
Abstraction

Ancient Greeks believed that the cosmos or the universe was divided into two realms – celestial and terrestrial. The motion of the objects in
the celestial realm was perfect and circular. They all revolved around Earth. On the other hand, the motion in the terrestrial realm was unstable
and imperfect, and there should be a cause for motion.

Types of Terrestrial Motion

According to Aristotelian mechanics, there are three types of motion: natural motion, voluntary motion, and involuntary motion.
Ancient Greek philosophers believed that all things in the terrestrial realm were made out of the four elements – air, earth, fire, and water.
Their natural motion is to go back to their natural state depending on the element that composed them. Their motion was either upward or
downward.
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
Your School
Detailed Lesson Plan in Physical Science
According to Aristotle, voluntary motion was an innate characteristic of humans and animals. The cause of their motion was in themselves
because they have the will to move.
Involuntary motion was the characteristic motion of plants and minerals. They could not move because they do not have the will to do so. They
could only move due to mechanical forces.

Daily Motions
Objects in the sky appear to rise in the East and set in the West each day. This apparent daily motion is a reflection of the Earth's rotation about
its axis. Earth rotates once a day (24 hours). The sense of rotation is Eastward. Facing North, rotation is towards the Right.

Annual Motion of the Sun

Over the course of a year, the Sun appears to move a little towards the East each day as seen with respect to the background stars. This daily
eastward drift is <1° per day (there are 365 days in a year, but only 360° in a circle). This apparent motion is a reflection of the Earth's annual
orbit around the Sun.

The Ecliptic is the apparent path of the Sun relative to the stars. Great Circle projected onto the Celestial Sphere Tilted by approximately 23.5°
from the Celestial Equator

Solstices occur when the Sun is at its maximum northern and southern declination. Solstices occur twice a year in June and December:
Summer Solstice: Maximum northern declination of the Sun (June).
Winter Solstice: Maximum southern declination of the Sun (December).

Equinoxes occur when the Sun crosses the Celestial Equator.

Vernal Equinox: Sun crosses the Celestial Equator moving North (occurs in March)
Autumnal Equinox: Sun crosses the Celestial Equator moving South (occurs in September)

Around 500 B.C., most Greeks believed that the Earth was round, not flat. It was Pythagoras and his pupils who were first to propose a spherical
Earth. In 500 to 430 B.C., Anaxagoras further supported Pythagoras' proposal through his observations of the shadows that the Earth cast on the
Moon during a lunar eclipse. He observed that during a lunar eclipse, the Earth's shadow was reflected on the Moon's surface. The shadow
reflected was circular. Around 340 B.C., Aristotle listed several arguments for a spherical Earth which included the positions of the North star,
the shape of the Moon and the Sun, and the disappearance of the ships when they sail over the horizon.

The North Star was believed to be at a fixed position in the sky. However, when the Greeks traveled to places nearer the equator, like Egypt,
they noticed that the North Star is closer to the horizon.
Disappearing Ships
If the Earth was flat, then a ship traveling away from an observer should become smaller and smaller until it disappeared. However, the Greeks
observed that the ship became smaller and then its hull disappeared first before the sail as if it was being enveloped by the water until it
completely disappeared.
Application Create a graphic organizer that summarize the ancient Greek two-domains view of the universe.
Assessment (___ minutes).
For the Teacher to: a.) Assess whether learning objectives have been met for a specified duration) Remediate and/or enrich with appropriate strategies as needed, and c) Evaluate whether learning intentions and success criteria
have been met. (Reminder: Formative Assessment may be given before, during, or after the lesson). Choose any from the Assessment Methods below:
Investigation, Role Play, Oral Presentation,
Observation Dance, Musical Performance, Skill Demonstration,
(Formal and informal observations of learners’ Group Activity (e.g. Choral Reading), Debate,
performance or behaviors are recorded, based on Motor & Psychomotor Games, Simulation
assessment criteria) Activities, Science Experiment
Hands-on Math Activities, Written Work and
Talking to Learners / Essay, Picture Analysis, Comic Strip, Panel
Conferencing Discussion, Interview, Think-Pair-Share, Reading
(Teachers talk to and question learners about their
learning to gain insights on their understanding and to
progress and clarify their thinking)
Worksheets for all subjects, Essay, Concept
Analysis of Learners’ Products Maps/Graphic Organizer, Project, Model,
Present the graphic organizer that summarize the ancient Greek two-domains view of the
(Teachers judge the quality of products produced by Artwork, Multi-media Presentation, Product universe. (see attached rubric)
learners according to agreed criteria) made in technical-vocational subjects
Skill Performance Test, Open-Ended Question,
Tests Practicum, Pen and Paper Test, Pre and Post Test,
(Teachers set tests or quizzes to determine learners’ ability Diagnostic Test, Oral Test, Quiz
to demonstrate mastery of a skill or knowledge of content)

Assignment (____ minutes). Fill-in below any of the four purposes:

 Reinforcing / strengthening the day’s lesson

 Enriching / inspiring the day’s lesson Look for myths and legends about the Moon, eclipse, etc. and explain the social effects
these had to the community (either local or national). Ask if the learners can provide
possible explanations of how the myths and legends came to be. (Contextualization)
 Enhancing / improving the day’s lesson
 Preparing for the new lesson
Concluding Activity (____ minutes).
This is usually a brief but affective closing activity such as a strong quotation, a short song, an anecdote,
parable or a letter that inspires the learners to do something to practice their new learning.
Remarks

Reflections

Prepared by:
Name: JOSEPH-STEVE A. SOCO School: CABANCALAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Position/ Designation: SPECIAL SCIENCE TEACHER 1 Division: MANDAUE CITY
Contact Number: 09064351760 Email Address: josephsteve.soco@deped.gov.ph
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
Your School
Detailed Lesson Plan in Physical Science

READING ACTIVITY

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________

The Greeks Knew that the Earth is Spherical

Around 500 B.C., most Greeks believed that the Earth was round, not flat. It was Pythagoras and his pupils who were first
to propose a spherical Earth. In 500 to 430 B.C., Anaxagoras further supported Pythagoras' proposal through his observations of the
shadows that the Earth cast on the Moon during a lunar eclipse. He observed that during a lunar eclipse, the Earth's shadow was
reflected on the Moon's surface. The shadow reflected was circular.
Around 340 B.C., Aristotle listed several arguments for a spherical Earth which included the positions of the North star, the
shape of the Moon and the Sun, and the disappearance of the ships when they sail over the horizon.
The North Star was believed to be at a fixed position in the sky. However, when the Greeks traveled to places nearer the equator,
like Egypt, they noticed that the North Star is closer to the horizon.

The Shape of the Sun and the Moon

Aristotle argued that if the Moon and the Sun were both spherical, then perhaps, the Earth was also spherical.

Disappearing Ships
If the Earth was flat, then a ship traveling away from an observer should become smaller and smaller until it disappeared. However,
the Greeks observed that the ship became smaller and then its hull disappeared first before the sail as if it was being enveloped by
the water until it completely disappeared.

The Size of the Spherical Earth

Ancient scholars tried to provide proof of a spherical Earth and its circumference through calculations. It was Eratosthenes
who gave the most accurate size during their time. While he was working at the Library of Alexandria in Northern Egypt, he received
correspondence from Syene in Southern Egypt which stated that a vertical object did not cast any shadow at noontime during the
summer solstice. But this was not the case in Alexandria where, at noon time during the summer solstice, a vertical object still casts
a shadow. These observations could only mean that the Sun, during this time in Alexandria, was not directly overhead.
Eratosthenes then determined the angle the Sun made with the vertical direction by measuring the shadow that a vertical stick cast.
He found out that in Alexandria, the Sun makes an angle of 7.2° from the vertical while 0° in Syene. To explain the difference, he
hypothesized that the light rays coming from the sun are parallel, and the Earth is curved.
From his measurements, he computed the circumference of the Earth to be approximately 250 000 stadia (a stadium is a
unit of measurement used to describe the size of a typical stadium at the time), about 40 000 kilometers.

Questions:
1. What were the astronomical proofs that the Earth is round and spherical?
2. How did the ancient Greeks realize that the earth is spherical?
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY
Your School
Detailed Lesson Plan in Physical Science