WHAT IS THE REASON WHY DEPRESSION IS

PREVALENT AMONG GRADE 12 STUDENTS

OF CABULOHAN PARADISE NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL ANNEX

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study will assess the prevalence of depression

among grade 12 students this will be conducted at Cabulohan
Paradise National High School Annex during the first semester,
school year 2019-2020.

Specifically this sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What are the factors that influence the prevalence of

depression
2. What are the measures to be done to reduce the prevalence
of depression among grade 12 students at Cabulohan
Paradise National High School Annex

Depression is a mental disorder characterised by feeling of depressed mood, lost

of interest or pressure in activities, and loss of energy that lasts for 2 weeks or
more. Everybody experiences mood changes daily, but when the depressive
symptoms lasts longer over a period of days or weeks with changes in appetite,
sleep pattern and disturbances in daily routine activities, a diagnosis of
depression needs to be considered ( Moledina et al, 2018).
 Depression occurs in people of all genders, ages, and backgrounds.
It affects about 350 million people worldwide. Suicide is the worst complication
of depression with an estimated 800,000 people dying due to suicide every
year(Moledina et al, 2018). Adolescent depression may affect the teens
socialization, family relations, and performance at school, often with potentially
serious long term consequences. Adolescents with depression are at risk for
increased hospitalizations, recurrent depressions, psychosocial impairment,
alcohol abuse and antisocial behaviors as they grow up. Of course, the most
devastating outcome of concern for adolescent depression is suicide, the third
leading cause of death among other adolescents (Centre for Diseases Control,
WISQARS, 2009).

Factors like bullying in school and parental expectations also are responsible at
adding to the stress of adolescent though it did not reach a statistically
significant level in the present today (Vivek Banzal et al, 2009)

Physical punishment of students by his or her parents is an effective factor for

raising the prevalence of depression and it directly affect on mental health of
students. In an investigation in Finland, bulling was an important risk factor for
depression ( Riittakerttu et al, 1999).

This study focuses on gaining enough knowledge about depression. It is important

that parents are aware of the existence of this disorder so that they can identify
among their children if they are suffering from it or not. In addition this study will
become a message to the teachers to be conscious on dealings with their
students. The researchers aims to identify the factors that influence the
prevalence of depression. And to have informatons on what measures to be done
to reduce the prevalence of depression among grade 12 students at Cabulohan
Paradise National High School Annex.
Beck’s Depression Inventory

This depression inventory can be self-scored. The scoring scale is at the end of
the questionnaire.

1.

0 I do not feel sad.

1 I feel sad

2 I am sad all the time and I can’t snap out of it.

3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can’t stand it.

2.

0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future.

1 I feel discouraged about the future.

2 I feel I have nothing to look forward to.

3 I feel the future is hopeless and that things cannot improve.

3.

0 I do not feel like a failure.

1 I feel I have failed more than the average person.

2 As I look back on my life, all I can see is a lot of failures.

3 I feel I am a complete failure as a person.

4.

0 I get as much satisfaction out of things as I used to.

1 I don’t enjoy things the way I used to.

2 I don’t get real satisfaction out of anything anymore.

3 I am dissatisfied or bored with everything.

5.

0 I don’t feel particularly guilty

1 I feel guilty a good part of the time.

2 I feel quite guilty most of the time.

3 I feel guilty all of the time.

6.

0 I don’t feel I am being punished.

1 I feel I may be punished.

2 I expect to be punished.
3 I feel I am being punished.

7.

0 I don’t feel disappointed in myself.

1 I am disappointed in myself.

2 I am disgusted with myself.

3 I hate myself.

8.

0 I don’t feel I am any worse than anybody else.

1 I am critical of myself for my weaknesses or mistakes.

2 I blame myself all the time for my faults.

3 I blame myself for everything bad that happens.

9.

0 I don’t have any thoughts of killing myself.

1 I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not carry them out.

2 I would like to kill myself.

3 I would kill myself if I had the chance.

 10.

0 I don’t cry any more than usual.

1 I cry more now than I used to.

2 I cry all the time now.

3 I used to be able to cry, but now I can’t cry even though I want to.

11.

0 I am no more irritated by things than I ever was.

1 I am slightly more irritated now than usual.

2 I am quite annoyed or irritated a good deal of the time.

3 I feel irritated all the time.

12.

0 I have not lost interest in other people.

1 I am less interested in other people than I used to be.

2 I have lost most of my interest in other people.

3 I have lost all of my interest in other people.

13.
0 I make decisions about as well as I ever could.

1 I put off making decisions more than I used to.

2 I have greater difficulty in making decisions more than I used to.

3 I can’t make decisions at all anymore.

14.

0 I don’t feel that I look any worse than I used to.

1 I am worried that I am looking old or unattractive.

2 I feel there are permanent changes in my appearance that make me look

Unattractive

3 I believe that I look ugly.

15.

0 I can work about as well as before.

1 It takes an extra effort to get started at doing something.

2 I have to push myself very hard to do anything.

3 I can’t do any work at all.

 16.

0 I can sleep as well as usual.

1 I don’t sleep as well as I used to.

2 I wake up 1-2 hours earlier than usual and find it hard to get back to sleep.

3 I wake up several hours earlier than I used to and cannot get back to sleep.

17.

0 I don’t get more tired than usual.

1 I get tired more easily than I used to.

2 I get tired from doing almost anything.

3 I am too tired to do anything.

18.

0 My appetite is no worse than usual.

1 My appetite is not as good as it used to be.

2 My appetite is much worse now.

3 I have no appetite at all anymore.

19.
0 I haven’t lost much weight, if any, lately.

1 I have lost more than five pounds.

2 I have lost more than ten pounds.

3 I have lost more than fifteen pounds.

20.

0 I am no more worried about my health than usual.

1 I am worried about physical problems like aches, pains, upset stomach, or

Constipation.

2 I am very worried about physical problems and it’s hard to think of much else.

3 I am so worried about my physical problems that I cannot think of anything

else.

21.

0 I have not noticed any recent change in my interest in sex.

1 I am less interested in sex than I used to be.

2 I have almost no interest in sex.

3 I have lost interest in sex completely.

INTERPRETING THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY

Now that you have completed the questionnaire, add up the score for each of the
twenty-one

Questions by counting the number to the right of each question you marked. The
highest possible

Total for the whole test would be sixty-three. This would mean you circled
number three on all

Twenty-one questions. Since the lowest possible score for each question is zero,
the lowest

Possible score for the test would be zero. This would mean you circles zero on
each question.

You can evaluate your depression according to the Table below.

Total Score____________________Levels of Depression

1-10____________________These ups and downs are considered normal

11-16___________________ Mild mood disturbance

17-20___________________Borderline clinical depression

21-30___________________Moderate depression

31-40___________________Severe depression

Over 40__________________Extreme depression

It is a cross sectional one time observational study using simple screening
instruments for detecting early symptoms of depression among Grade 12
students.

Questioners were given in the class and students were instructed how to fill
them.

Students were instructed not to write their names to maintain confidentiality.

Written consent was taken from everyone and they were explained about the
study.

This study will be accomplished at the end of the first semester of the school year
2019-2020.

References

Moledina et al, 2018).

(Centre for Diseases Control, WISQARS, 2009).

Vivek Banzal et al, 2009)

Riittakerttu et al, 1999

(Son and Kirchner, 2000).

World Health Organisation

Simon and Von Korff, 1995

American Psychiatric Association).

Advance Renal Education