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APUSH Period 4 Review

Period 4 from 1800-1848 saw significant territorial expansion and economic growth in the United States. During this time, Jefferson pushed westward expansion to acquire new lands like the Louisiana Purchase. Later, the Mexican-American War resulted in additional territory gains in the West. Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution began transforming the economy, and the Supreme Court under John Marshall established the doctrine of judicial review, increasing federal power over the states.

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496 views3 pages

APUSH Period 4 Review

Period 4 from 1800-1848 saw significant territorial expansion and economic growth in the United States. During this time, Jefferson pushed westward expansion to acquire new lands like the Louisiana Purchase. Later, the Mexican-American War resulted in additional territory gains in the West. Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution began transforming the economy, and the Supreme Court under John Marshall established the doctrine of judicial review, increasing federal power over the states.

Uploaded by

Kylei Cordeau
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Period 4 1800-1848

1800- Jefferson Presidential Election > Democratic-Republican

 Small farmers, anti-bank, anti-commerce


 Cut taxes
o Affect infrastructures and military
 He promotes westward settlements which will later spark the desire of Manifest Destiny
o Needs open, cheap land for this
o Eager to add more and more territory to support this idea
 Example of this is Louisiana Purchase from France under Napoleon
 Believed to be unconstitutional by Congress
 Commissions Lewis and Clark to discover this land
 Spanish Florida (1819) via dispute settlement
 Oregon territory (1846) split with Britain to keep British and American

territories evenly split


 Mexican American War (1846-1848)
 Mexico gain land from Spain after their war but there is uneven

borders and majority of the land is unsettled


 Free for all in the territories, anyone can settle there
o American and Spanish settlers broke away from Mexico in

Texas (Republic of Texas)


 Voluntarily Annexation of Texas to America
 Border dispute between America and Mexico
 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 Indian Removal Act (1830)
o Indians are forced to migrate to the area of Oklahoma
 Completely different land from what they are used to
 Land expansion had a big impact on the Natives

1803- Renewal of war under Napoleonic France

 Rule of 1756 (British)


o If you stop trade with a nation during peace time, you can’t trade with them

during war time


 French halted sugar trade during peace time but then Napoleon will try to

trade with them, breaking the British rule


 British began taking American ships and sailors
 French also did the same thing but on a smaller scale
 Embargo of 1807
 Illegal to go to French and British ports
 Did essentially nothing in response to French and British
 Economic downturn
 Forced to sell them domestically
o Promotes Independence in economy
o Economic union between agriculture south and

manufacturing north

 Second Party System


o Democratic - Led by Andrew Jackson
 Pro-militaristic
 Anti-commerce
 Anti-bank
 Anti-Indian
 Expand suffrage
 More non-property owning males to vote
 National Republicans (from Second Party System)
o Similar to Democratic-Republicans
 Pro-bank
 Pro-industry
 Pro-commerce
 Whig Party
o Ex. Henry Clay
o Pro-industry, commercial, bank
o Morally opposed to Jacksonians and their treatment of Natives
o Inspired by Protestant morals
 Big on elimination of alcohol (find it immoral) temperance movement
 Due to Second Great Awakening
 Judicial Branch -Federal court decisions in favor of Federal government
o Marbury v. Madison (1833)
 Supreme court lead by John Marshall (federalist)
 Decided Supreme Court had the right to decide if acts of presidents

and congress are constitutional or not


o Setting judicial review
o McCullough v. Maryland (1819)
 Can a federal institutions/programs operate against the laws and policies

of the state?
 Yes, federal institutions can operate
o Says that federal government is the highest authority
o Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
 Federal government had final say on interstate commerce
 Ruled against state monopolies
 Vastly expand road systems, canals, and railroads

Whigs – Second Party System

 American system
 Morality
o Didn’t like the way Jackson removed the Natives
 Americanization (assimilation)
 Temperance movement
 Sunday school movement
 Mostly middle-class women
 Second Great Awakening (1790’s-1840’s)
o Inner spirituality
o Millonarism
 Baptists and Methodists
 Popular in west
 Shakers
 Martha Anne Lee
 Completely opposed to intercourse
 Segregate men and women
 Unitarians
 Inspired by enlightenment and rationalism
o Didn’t believe Jesus was the actually son of God

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