V – AUDIT OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

PROBLEM NO. 1
Aliaga Corporation was incorporated on January 2, 2006. The following
items relate to the Aliaga’s property and equipment transactions:

Cost of land, which included an old apartment building

appraised at P300,000 P3,000,000
Apartment building mortgage assumed, including related
interest due at the time of purchase 80,000
Deliquent property taxes assumed by the Aliaga 30,000
Payments to tenants to vacate the apartment building 20,000
Cost of razing the apartment building 40,000
Proceeds from sale of salvaged materials 10,000
Architects fee for new building 60,000
Building permit for new construction 40,000
Fee for title search 25,000
Survey before construction of new building 20,000
Excavation before construction of new building 100,000
Payment to building contractor 10,000,000
Assessment by city for drainage project 15,000
Cost of grading and leveling 50,000
Temporary quarters for construction crew 80,000
Temporary building to house tools and materials 50,000
Cost of changes during construction to make new building
more energy efficient 90,000
Interest cost on specific borrowing incurred during
construction 360,000
Payment of medical bills of employees accidentally injured
while inspecting building construction 18,000
Cost of paving driveway and parking lot 60,000
Cost of installing lights in parking lot 12,000
Premium for insurance on building during construction 30,000
Cost of open house party to celebrate opening of new
building 50,000
Cost of windows broken by vandals distracted by the
celebration 12,000

QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following:
1. Cost of Land
a. P2,980,000 c. P3,185,000
b. P3,270,000 d. P3,205,000

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2. Cost of Building
a. P10,810,000 c. P10,875,000
b. P10,895,000 d. P11,110,000
3. Cost of Land Improvements
a. P12,000 c. P122,000
b. P72,000 d. P 0
4. Amount that should be expensed when incurred
a. P 80,000 c. P62,000
b. P110,000 d. P50,000
5. Total depreciable property and equipment
a. P11,182,000 c. P10,947,500
b. P10,967,000 d. P10,882,000

PROBLEM NO. 2
The following items relate to the acquisition of a new machine by Bongabon
Corporation in 2006:

Invoice price of machinery P2,000,000

Cash discount not taken 40,000
Freight on new machine 10,000
Cost of removing the old machine 12,000
Loss on disposal of the old machine 150,000
Gratuity paid to operator of the old machine who was
laid off 70,000
Installation cost of new machine 60,000
Repair cost of new machine damaged in the process
of installation 8,000
Testing costs before machine was put into regular 15,000
operation
Salary of engineer for the duration of the trial run 40,000
Operating cost during first month of regular use 250,000
Cash allowance granted because the new machine
proved to be of inferior quality 100,000

Question:
How much should be recognized as cost of the new machine?
a. P1,985,000 c. P1,930,000
b. P1,993,000 d. P2,025,000

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PROBLEM NO. 3
On January 1, 2005, Cabiao Corporation purchased a tract of land (site
number 101) with a building for P1,800,000. Additionally, Cabiao paid a
real state broker’s commission of P108,000, legal fees of P18,000 and title
guarantee insurance of P54,000. The closing statement indicated that the
land value was P1,500,000 and the building value was P300,000. Shortly
after acquisition, the building was razed at a cost of P225,000.

Cabiao entered into a P9,000,000 fixed-price contract with Cabanatuan

Builders, Inc. on March 1, 2005 for the construction of an office building
on the land site 101. The building was completed and occupied on
September 30, 2006. Additional construction costs were incurred as
follows:
Plans, specifications and blueprints P 36,000
Architect’s fees for design and supervision 285,000

The building is estimated to have a forty-year life from date of completion

and will be depreciated using the 150%-declining-balance method.

To finance the construction cost, Cabiao borrowed P9,000,000 on March 1,

2005. The loan is payable in ten annual installments of P900,000 plus
interest at the rate of 14%. Cabiao used part of the loan proceeds for
working capital requirements. Cabiao’s average amounts of accumulated
building construction expenditures were as follows:
For the period March 1 to December 31, 2005 P2,700,000
For the period January 1 to September 31, 2006 6,900,000

Cabiao is using the allowed alternative treatment for borrowing cost.

QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the following:
1. Cost of land site number 101
a. P1,905,000 c. P2,205,000
b. P1,800,000 d. P2,151,000
2. Cost of office building
a. P10,581,000 c. P10,329,000
b. P10,360,500 d. P10,960,500
3. Depreciation of office building for 2006
a. P96,800 c. P102,800
b. P97,130 d. P 99,197

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PROBLEM NO. 4
You noted during your audit of the Carranglan Company that the company
carried out a number of transactions involving the acquisition of several
assets. All expenditures were recorded in the following single asset
account, identified as Property and equipment:

Property and equipment

Acquisition price of land and building P 960,000
Options taken out on several pieces of property 16,000
List price of machinery purchased 318,400
Freight on machinery purchased 5,000
Repair to machinery resulting from damage
during shipment 1,480
Cost of removing old machinery 4,800
Driveways and sidewalks 102,000
Building remodeling 400,000
Utilities paid since acquisition of building 20,800
P1,828,480

Based on property tax assessments, which are believed to fairly represent

the relative values involved, the building is worth twice as much as the
land. The machinery was subject to a 2% cash discount, which was taken
and credited to Purchases Discounts. Of the two options, P6,000 is related
to the building and land purchased and P10,000 related to those not
purchased. The old machinery was sold at book value.

QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the adjusted
balance of the following:
1. Land
a. P644,000 c. P326,000
b. P322,000 d. P424,000
2. Building
a. P 644,000 c. P1,044,000
b. P1,040,000 d. P 722,000
3. Machinery
a. P317,032 c. P323,400
b. P318,512 d. P321,832

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PROBLEM NO. 5
In connection with your audit of Cuyapo Company’s financial statements
for the year 2006, you noted the following transactions affecting the
property and equipment items of the company:

Jan. 1 Purchased real property for P5,026,000, which included a

charge of P146,000 representing property tax for 2006 that
had been prepaid by the vendor; 20% of the purchase price is
deemed applicable to land and the balance to buildings. A
mortgage of P3,000,000 was assumed by Cuyapo on the
purchase. Cash was paid for the balance.

Jan. 15 Previous owners had failed to take care of normal

maintenance and repair requirements on the buildings,
necessitating current reconditioning at a cost of P236,800.

Feb. 15 Demolished garages in the rear of the building, P36,000 being

recovered on the lumber salvage. The company proceeded to
construct a warehouse. The cost of such warehouse was
P540,800, which was P90,000 less than the average bids
made on the construction by independent contractors. Upon
completion of construction, city inspectors ordered extensive
modifications to the building as a result of failure on the part
of the company to comply with building safety code. Such
modifications, which could have been avoided, cost P76,800.

Mar. 1 The company exchanged its own stock with a fair value of
P320,000 (par P24,000) for a patent and a new equipment.
The equipment has a fair value of P200,000.

Apr. 1 The new machinery for the new building arrived. In addition,
a new franchise was acquired from the manufacturer of the
machinery. Payment was made by issuing bonds with a face
value of P400,000 and by paying cash of P144,000. The value
of the franchise is set at P160,000, while the machine’s fair
value is P360,000.

May 1 The company contracted for parking lots and waiting sheds at
a cost P360,000 and P76,800, respectively. The work was
completed and paid for on June 1.

Dec. 31 The business was closed to permit taking the year-end

inventory. During this time, required redecorating and repairs
were completed at a cost of P60,000.

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QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine the cost of the
following:
1. Land
a. P 940,000 c. P 976,000
b. P1,005,200 d. P1,052,800
2. Buildings
a. P4,645,600 c. P4,762,400
b. P5,005,600 d. P4,681,600
3. Machinery and equipment
a. P360,000 c. P576,615
b. P560,000 d. P659,692
4. Land improvements
a. P360,000 c. P436,800
b. P 76,800 d. P 0
5. Total property, plant and equipment
a. P6,764,400 c. P6,718,092
b. P6,731,200 d. P6,618,400

PROBLEM NO. 6
Gabaldon Company’s property, plant and equipment and accumulated
depreciation balances at December 31, 2005 are:
Accumulated
Cost Depreciation
Machinery and equipment P1,380,000 P 367,500
Automobiles and trucks 210,000 114,326
Leasehold improvements 432,000 108,000

Additional information follows:

Depreciation methods and useful lives:
Machinery and equipment – straight line; 10 years.
Automobiles and trucks – 150% declining balance; 5 years, all acquired
after 2001.
Leasehold improvements – straight line

Depreciation is computed to the nearest month.

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Salvage values are immaterial except for automobiles and trucks which
have estimated salvage values equal to 15% of cost.

Other additional information:

a. Gabaldon entered into a 12-year operating lease starting January 1,
2003. The leasehold improvements were completed on December 31,
2002 and the facility was occupied on January 1, 2003.
b. On July 1, 2006, machinery and equipment were purchased at a total
invoice cost of P325,000. Installation cost of P44,000 was incurred.
c. On August 30, 2006, Gabaldon purchased new automobile for P25,000.
d. On September 30, 2006, a truck with a cost of P48,000 and a carrying
amount of P30,000 on December 31, 2005 was sold for P23,500.
e. On December 20, 2006, a machine with a cost of P17,000, a carrying
amount of P2,975 on date of disposition, was sold for P4,000.

QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following:
1. The gain on sale of truck on September 30 is
a. P2,680 c. P250
b. P6,500 d. P 0
2. The gain on sale of machinery on December 20, 2006 is
a. P1,025 c. P13,000
b. P2,725 d. P 0
3. The adjusted balance of the property, plant and equipment as of
December 31, 2006 is
a. P1,919,000 c. P2,307,000
b. P2,388,500 d. P2,351,000
4. The total depreciation expense for the year ended December 31, 2006 is
a. P185,402 c. P138,000
b. 245,065 d. P221,402
5. The carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as of
December 31, 2006 is
a. P1,567,497 c. P1,578,547
b. P1,290,547 d. P1,617,322

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PROBLEM NO. 7
Your new audit client, Guimba Company, prepared the trial balance below
as of December 31, 2006. The company started its operations on January
1, 2005. Your examination resulted in the necessity of applying the
adjusting entries indicated in the additional data below.
Guimba Company
TRIAL BALANCE
December 31, 2006
Debits Credits
Cash P510,000
Accounts receivable – net 600,000
Inventories, December 31, 2005 669,000
Land 660,000
Buildings 990,000
Accumulated depreciation, building P19,800
Machinery 444,000
Accumulated depreciation, machinery 45,000
Sinking fund assets 75,000
Bond discount 75,000
Treasury stock, common 105,000
Accounts payable 567,000
Accrued bond interest 11,250
First mortgage, 6% sinking fund bonds 679,500
Common stock 1,500,000
Premium on common stock 150,000
Stock donation 180,000
Retained earnings, December 31, 2005 222,450
Net sales 2,625,000
Purchases 850,500
Salaries and wages 507,000
Factory operating expenses 364,500
Administrative expenses 105,000
Bond interest 45,000
P6,000,000 P6,000,000

Additional data are as follows:

(1) The 1,500,000 common stock was issued at a 10 percent premium to

the owners of the land and buildings on December 31, 2004, the date
of organization. Stock with a par value of 180,000 was donated back
by the vendors. The following entry was made:
Treasury stock P180,000
Stock donation P180,000

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 The stock was donated because the proceeds from its subsequent sale
were to be considered as an allowance on the purchase price of land
and buildings in proportion to their values as first recorded. The
treasury stock was sold in 2006 for P75,000, which was credited to
Treasury Stock.

(2) On December 31, 2006, a machine costing P15,000 when the business
started was removed. The machine had been depreciated at 10 percent
during the first year. The only entry made was one crediting the
Machinery account with its sales price of P6,000.

(3) Depreciation is to be provided on the straight-line basis, as follows:

buildings, 2 percent of cost; machinery, 10 percent of cost. Ignore
salvage values.

QUESTIONS:

Based on the above and the result of your audit, you are to provide the
answers to the following:
1. The correct balance of Land account as of December 31, 2006 is
a. P660,000 c. P630,000
b. P588,000 d. P 0
2. The adjusted carrying value of Building as of December 31. 2006 is
a. P907,200 c. P905,400
b. P950,400 d. P945,000
3. The adjusted carrying value of Machinery as of December 31, 2006 is
a. P399,000 c. P354,000
b. P345,000 d. P348,000
4. The adjusted depreciation expense for 2006 is
a. P648,000 c. P63,900
b. P62,400 d. P63,000
5. How much is the gain or loss on sale of machinery on December 31,
2006?
a. P6,000 loss c. P6,000 gain
b. P7,500 loss d. P7,500 gain

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PROBLEM NO. 8
Jaen Corporation, a manufacturer of steel products, began operation on
October 1, 2004. The accounting department of Jaen has started the fixed-
asset and depreciation presented below.

JAEN CORPORATION
Fixed Asset and Depreciation Schedule
For Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2005, and September 30, 2006

Depreciation Expense
Year Ended Sept. 30
Acq. Dep.
Assets Date Cost Salvage Method Life 2005 2006
Land A 10/1/04 ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bldg. A 10/1/04 ? P320,000 Straight-line ? P139,600 ?
Land B 10/1/04 ? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bldg. B Under ? Straight-line 30 - ?
Const. -
Donated 10/2/04 ? 24,000 150% 10 ? ?
equip. declining
balance
Mach. A 10/2/04 ? 48,000 Sum-of-the- 8 ? ?
years’-digits
Mach. B 10/1/05 ? - Straight-line 20 - ?
N/A – Not applicable

You have been asked to assist in completing this schedule. In addition in

ascertaining that the data already on the schedule are correct, you have
obtained the following information from the Company’s records and
personnel:
a. Land A and Building A were acquired from a predecessor corporation.
Jaen paid P6,560,000 for the land and building together. At the time of
acquisition, the land had an appraised value of P720,000, and the
building had an appraised value of P6,480,000.

b. Land B was acquired on October 2, 2004, in exchange for 20,000 newly

issued shares of Jaen’s common stock. At the date of acquisition, the
stock had a par value of P5 per share and a fair value of P30 per share.
During October 2004, Jaen paid P128,000 to demolish an existing
building on this land so it could construct new building.

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c. Construction of building B on the newly acquired land began on
October 1, 2005. By September 30, 2006, Jaen has paid P2,560,000 of
the estimated total construction costs of P3,600,000. It is estimated
that the building will be completed and occupied by July 2007.

d. Certain equipment was donated to the corporation by a local university.

An independent appraisal of the equipment when donated placed the
fair market value at P240,000 and the salvage value at P24,000.

e. Machinery A’s total cost of P1,319,200 includes installation expense of

P4,800 and normal repairs and maintenance of P119,200. Salvage
value is estimated at P48,000. Machinery A was sold on February 1,
2006.

f. On October 1, 2005, Machinery B was acquired with a down payment

of P45,920 and the remaining payments to be made in 11 annual
installments of P48,000 each beginning October 1, 2005. The
prevailing interest rate was 8%.

QUESTIONS:

Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following:
1. The cost of Building A is
a. P5,904,000 c. P656,000
b. P6,560,000 d. P 0
2. The cost of Land B is
a. P600,000 c. P228,000
b. P728,000 d. P 0
3. The cost of Machine B is
a. P370,080 c. P388,592
b. P416,000 d. P389,776
4. The total depreciation expense for the year ended September 30, 2006
is
a. P264,296 c. P265,667
b. P415,000 d. P262,608

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PROBLEM NO. 9
The following data relate on the Plant Assets account of Licab, Inc. at
December 31, 2005:
Plant Assets
L A R E
Original cost P87,500 P127,500 P200,000 P200,000
Year Purchased 2000 2001 2002 2004
Useful life 10 years 37,500 hours 15 years 10 years
Salvage value P7,750 P7,500 P12,500 P12,500
Depreciation SYD Activity Straight-line Double-
method declining
balance
Note: In the year an asset is purchased, Licab, Inc. does not record any
depreciation expense on the asset.
In the year an asset is retired or traded in, Licab, Inc. takes a full year
depreciation on the asset.

The following transaction occurred during 2006:

(a) On May 5, Asset L was sold for P32,500 cash.

(b) On December 31, it was determined that asset A had been used 5,250
hours during 2006.

(c) On December 31, before computing depreciation expense on Asset R,

the management of Licab, Inc. decided the useful life remaining from
1/1/06 was 10 years.

(d) On December 31, it was discovered that a plant asset purchased in

2005 had been expensed completely in that year. This asset costs
P55,000 and has useful life of 10 years and no salvage value.
Management has decided to use the double-declining balance for this
asset, which can be referred to as “Asset S.”

QUESTIONS:

Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following:
(Disregard tax implications)

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1. How much is the gain or loss on sale of Asset L?
a. P10,250 loss c. P16,050 gain
b. P10,250 gain d. P16,050 loss
2. How much is the depreciation of Asset R for 2006?
a. P15,000 c. P16,250
b. P21,429 d. P23,214
3. The adjusting entry to correct the error of failure to capitalize Asset S
would include a debit/credit to Retained Earnings of
a. P55,000 debit c. P44,000 credit
b. P55,000 credit d. P 0
4. How much is the adjusted balance of Plant Assets as of December 31,
2006?
a. P670,000 c. P615,000
b. P527,500 d. P582,500
5. How much is the total depreciation expense for 2006?
a. P83,300 c. P82,050
b. P88,479 d. P80,600

PROBLEM NO. 10
Your audit of Llanera Corporation for the year 2006 disclosed the following
property dispositions:
Cost Acc. Dep. Proceeds Fair value
Land P4,800,000 - 3,720,000 3,720,000
Building 1,800,000 - 288,000 -
Warehouse 8,400,000 1,320,000 8,880,000 8,880,000
Machine 960,000 384,000 108,000 864,000
Delivery truck 1,200,000 570,000 564,000 564,000

Land
On January 15, a condemnation award was received as consideration for
the forced sale of the company’s land and building, which stood in the path
of a new highway.

Building
On March 12, land and building were purchased at a total cost of
P6,000,000, of which 30% was allocated to the building on the corporate
books. The real estate was acquired with the intention of demolishing the
building, and this was accomplished during the month of August. Cash
proceeds received in September represent the net proceeds from demolition
of building.

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Warehouse
On July 4, the warehouse was destroyed by fire. The warehouse was
purchased on January 2, 2000. On December 12, the insurance proceeds
and other funds were used to purchase a replacement warehouse at a cost
of P7,200,000.

Machine
On December 15, the machine was exchanged for a machine having a fair
value of P756,000 and cash of P108,000 was received.

Delivery Truck
On November 13, the delivery truck was sold to a used car dealer.

QUESTIONS:

Based on the above and the result of your audit, compute the gain or loss
to be recognized for each of the following dispositions:
1. Land
a. P3,720,000 gain c. P4,800,000 loss
b. P1,080,000 loss d. P 0
2. Building
a. P 432,000 gain c. P1,368,000 loss
b. P2,232,000 loss d. P 0

3. Warehouse
a. P1,800,000 gain c. P5,400,000 loss
b. P 480,000 gain d. P 0
4. Machine
a. P36,000 gain c. P288,000 gain
b. P27,000 gain d. P 0
5. Delivery truck
a. P636,000 loss c. P66,000 loss
b. P636,000 gain d. P66,000 gain

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PROBLEM NO. 11
In connection with your audit of the Talavera Mining Corporation for the
year ended December 31, 2006, you noted that the company purchased for
P10,400,000 mining property estimated to contain 8,000,000 tons of ore.
The residual value of the property is P800,000.

Building used in mine operations costs P800,000 and have estimated life of
fifteen years with no residual value. Mine machinery costs P1,600,000
with an estimated residual value P320,000 after its physical life of 4 years.

Following is the summary of the company’s operations for first year of

operations.
Tons mined 800,000 tons
Tons sold 640,000 tons
Unit selling price per ton P4.40
Direct labor 640,000
Miscellaneous mining overhead 128,000
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) 576,000

Inventories are valued on a first-in, first-out basis. Depreciation on the

building is to be allocated as follows: 20% to operating expenses, 80% to
production. Depreciation on machinery is chargeable to production.

QUESTIONS:

Based on the above and the result of your audit, answer the following:
(Disregard tax implications)
1. How much is the depletion for 2006?
a. P768,000 c. P 960,000
b. P192,000 d. P1,040,000
2. Total inventoriable depreciation for 2006?
a. P400,000 c. P362,667
b. P384,000 d. P 0
3. How much is the Inventory as of December 31, 2006?
a. P438,400 c. P422,400
b. P425,600 d. P418,133
4. How much is the cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2005?
a. P1,689,600 c. P1,753,600

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 b. P1,702,400 d. P1,672,533

5. How much is the maximum amount that may be declared as dividends

at the end of the company’s first year of operations?
a. P1,494,400 c. P1,289,600
b. P1,302,400 d. P1,319,467

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