Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Importance of Computer Education in Schools for Students –

Computers and Education

According to Diego (2014) From my point of view, this

kind of knowledges are very useful for the pupil's

development. It is not just a question about learning

something which you are going to take advantage only in your

free-time but a dexterity that almost everybody will need in

their job. Nowadays, we live in an era dominated by computers

and machines, and we rely on them so as to complete our work

faster and keep ourselves in touch with working contacts. On

the other hand, in my understanding using computers might be

favorable to the children's development. It helps you to make

a decision quickly and to train your brain as long as it is

used appropriately. Furthermore, having some computer classes

per week could be a break in the school time to relax a bit

and be ready for the next subjects. This is really important

because sometimes pupils do not behave correctly in the

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

classroom owing to a lack of concentration, which may be

sorted out by it.

In addition, computer education in schools plays an

important role in students’ career development. Computer with

the internet is the most powerful device that students can

use to learn new skills and a more advanced version of current

lessons. Universities & Schools are around the globe teaching

students the basics of computers and the internet online and

offline. The use of computers and the internet are growing

day by day at high speed. In almost all businesses, companies,

schools using computers for various official operations. New

tech tools are coming that helping students to learn better.

Sharma (2016)

What is computer literacy?

Modern businesses rely heavily on computerized technology

to efficiently complete vast amounts of tasks. Having

decent computer skills means that you can perform the tasks

that competing candidates may not be able to. This knowledge

can result in you getting hired over your competitors.

Universities acknowledge the importance of computer skills and

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

some institutions require their students to complete a basic

computer literacy course in their first year of study.Computer

Literacy simply refers to a person’s ability to operate computer

programmes efficiently and quickly. Computer programmes include

basic programs like Microsoft Word, to more complex engineering

computer programmes like AutoDesk CAD. For most jobs, being

able to use the more basic computer programmes (such as

Microsoft Word) is an absolute must. Some jobs may require more

specific computer skills needed in that industry, like AutoDesk

CAD in engineering or Pastel in accounting. Computer literacy

also refers to a person’s ability to use computers to

communicate in a professional manner. Basel(2017)

Importance of learning computer skills

According to Sharma (2019) Computer skill can be defined

as a life skill in today’s world. Without the use of

computers, the internet in online and offline business,

educational services and many other fields or professions

it’s very difficult or impossible to do daily life works… So

having computer skills and infrastructure in all kind of

professionals, will help to find and solve worldwide

problems. But it’s important that every human understands the

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

basics of Technologies. So that they can use it based on its

advantages and disadvantages. That’s why I think computer or

information technological skills, literacy, education is very

important in today’s world.

PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION LANDSCAPE IN ICT

In study of Famor (2005), the use of ICT in education has

become a critical factor to ensure that a country’s workforce

is skilled and prepared to meet the challenges of development and

global employment opportunities. Thus, as ICT becomes part of the

Philippine basic education landscape, the inclusion of basic

learning competencies in computers to educate our Filipino learners

so that they can be globally competitive and raise their personal

and national esteem, and realize a progressive life will be no less

than strategic. The study made by Dollado (2002) showed that teachers

and administrators of Calbayog Pilot Central School had a minor

knowledge in computer in terms of concepts; also they lacked

trainings in terms of computer. Based on Cajilin study (2009), the

data collected on ICT training programs revealed the scarcity of

professional development opportunities. In her example, out of 111

teachers only 30% were able to attend ICT training programs that

were spread over a 15-year period, from 1994 to early 2009.Valenzuela

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

(2005) piloted a study to classify technology orientation in terms

of awareness and utilization and the perceived teachers’

competence in technology at the Dasmarinas National High School,

Cavite. The respondents of the study were 116 non-computer teachers.

The questionnaire was the main tool in gathering the data in order

to solicit responses for the following areas: technology orientation

in terms of awareness, utilization and the teacher’s competency

in technology. The data gathered were analyzed using the following

statistical treatments: mean, standard deviation, correlated t-test.

The results of the computations were the following: The overall mean

on the technology of awareness of teachers was 1.81, which means

that the respondents were aware on the use of technology to a little

extent only. The overall mean of technology utilization was 1.88,

which means that the respondents seldom utilized technology in their

teaching. The overall mean of utilization and competence items showed

a correlated t-text value of .899. The findings revealed that there

was a positive and moderate to high significant correlations between

utilization and competence. This implied that the more teachers use

technology applications and operations the more they become

competent in technology. The DOST conducted a survey of schools that

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

gathered baseline data on schools’ Mathematics and Science

teachers and the extent of the schools‟ use of ICT for

instruction and other

purposes. The survey, which covered 4,310 public schools, used

the following indicators: (1) The percentage of computers used for

instruction and the percentage of computers used for administrative

work, (2) The percentage of classes (by subject types) that used

computers in instruction, (3) The percentage of schools that engaged

on outside technical to maintain the computer system, (4) Percentage

of schools with telephone lines,(5) Observation of teacher and

student practice and (6)Interviews of innovative teachers on

practices (teacher and student) related to innovation, problems,

solutions and prospects for sustaining and continuing innovation.

In study of Tinio (2002), respondents were asked to rank what they

perceived to be the five biggest obstacles to their schools use of

ICT for teaching and learning. Rankings were consolidated and mean

ranks were computed. Lack of enough computers is the single biggest

obstacle. All other issues have mean rankings considerably lower

than this. Lack of enough technical support for operating and

maintaining ICT resources and the lack of teacher training

opportunities are considered barriers to change as well. So too are

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

the lack of space for computers and the general lack of funds for

operations, including maintenance of equipment, purchase of

supplies, and electricity.

GLOBAL TRENDS AND ISSUE IN ICT

According to the study of Asan (2003), the use computer in

education opens a new area of knowledge and offers a tool that has

the potential to change some of the existing educational methods.

The teacher is the key to the effective exploitation of this resource

in the educational system. As computer use continues to increase in

society, educators must also prepare for the use of computers within

the classroom. Undoubtedly the recent advancement in information

technology innovations and computer usage is rapidly transforming

work culture and teachers cannot escape the fact that today’s

classrooms must provide technology-supported learning (Angers &

Machtmes, 2005). Being prepared to adopt and use technology and

knowing how that technology can support student learning must

become integral skills in every teacher’s professional

repertoire. District and school policy and professional development

workshops and training are designed to positively influence

teachers‟ adoption and usage of computer technology (Kumar,

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

2008).The study of Ogunkola (2008), seeks to examine the science

teachers’ computer attitude, ownership and frequency of

computer use as predictors of the science teachers’ literacy

in basic computer operations. In other words, the extents to which

the variables jointly and individually predict the teachers’

computer literacy are determined. In a study conducted at Gordon

University Aberdeen in Scotland, teachers’ ICT skills and

knowledge is relatively low and is focused on a fairly narrow

range of ICT. Word processing is the predominant used made of ICT in

primary and secondary schools. The used of other software application

like spreadsheets is minimal (Tella, 2007).In Mahmud study (2010),

most of the teachers had moderate level of basic ICT. They were

familiar with application software such word processing and

electronic presentation. In this study too it was found that formal

ICT training and ICT experience influence the teachers’

knowledge, skills and attitude. Therefore, teachers especially the

older ones and normally with more teaching experience need to be

identified, and provided with specially designed training programs,

in various forms of ICT courses and workshops. In study of Razak

(2009), after examining various factors such as teachers’

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region-VI Western Visayas
Schools Division of Iloilo
BJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
D.V. Salcedo St., Pob. Ilaya, Sara, Iloilo

competency, attitudes, infrastructure and support, it can be

concluded that the majority of English teachers in Malaysian

technical schools are still novice users of IT. Some of the reason

deduced from the survey and the interview were low level of computer

competency, less focus on the new computing skills, limited training

program, techno fear, limited infrastructure and support.