Preventive Pediatrics

Introduction

Preventive pediatrics refers to ‘prevention of disease and promotion of

physical, mental, and social well being of children with aim of attaining a
positive health’. It comprises efforts to avert rather than cure disease and
disabilities.

Definition

Preventive pediatrics is defined as the prevention of disease and promotion of

physical, mental and social wellbeing of children with the aim of attaining a
positive health.

Classification

It is broadly divided into: Antenatal Preventive Pediatric ,Postnatal

Preventive Pediatric

Ante-natal Preventive Pediatric:-

Adequate nutrition of the pregnant mother

Preparation and education of the mother for delivary
Prevention of communicable diseases
Mother craft and breast feeding

Post-natal Preventive Pediatric:-

Periodic medical check up of infant

Supervision of nutrition
Immunization
Accident prevention
Psycho logic supervision
AIMS:

The aims of preventive pediatrics are similar to that of preventive medicine,

i.e prevention of disease and promotion of physical, mental, and social well-
being of children so that each child may achieve the genetic potential with
which he/she is born.To achieve these aims, hospitals for children have
adopted the strategy of “primary health care” to improve activities like growth
monitoring, oral rehydration, nutritional surveillance, Promotion of breast
feeding, immunization, community feeding, regular health check-ups
etc.Primary health care with its potential for vast increased coverage through
an integrated system of service delivery is increasingly looked upon as the
best solution to reach to millions of children, especially those who are in most
need of preventive and curative services.

Community preventive Pediatrics

A concept rather than a branch of pediatrics, implying that “health is

determined by interaction between the child, his environment and the society
in which he lives.” The objective is to carry the health care to the doorstep of
the needy.

Basic principles

The two essential areas of study in community pediatrics are:

The health of the child population in relation to its social environment,

i.e. the total community that constitutes part of social medicine.
The health of the individual child as a result of multitude of social
influences(both positive and negative) that constitutes part of clinical
medicine.

Advantages

1. Health care goes to the susceptible population, thus ensuring protection

to those who may not otherwise seek advice.
 2. The concept ensures community participation at all stages.
3. A community based project can be started in a simple mud-walled /tiled
structure .the equipment and manpower, locally available are relatively
cheap.
4. Monitors the health and nutritional status of infants and children on a
continuous basis; this brings down the mortality and morbidity
considerably.
5. Contributes to family welfare by ensuring survival of the child and
convincing the parents of the advisability, to”restrict the number of
children to 1 or 2”.
6. Reduces undue burden on the hospitals which, in any case, are not the
right place for tackling most of the problems encountered in the
developing regions.

Social preventive Pediatrics

Social pediatrics refers to application of the principles of social medicine to

pediatrics in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the problems
of children so as to prevent and treat disease and promote their adequate
growth and development through an organized health structure.

RCH

MCH

ICDS

WEANING

BFHI

ICDS

IMMUNISATION

UNDER FIVE CLINIC

SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES

BRESTFEEDING

ALLIED CHILD:

Delinquent is a child who has committed an offence

Juvenile means a boy who has not attained the age 16 years and a girl who has
not attained the age of 18years

Social welfare Schooling Improvement of family life

It refers to the injuries Also known as battered baby syndrome sustained

by a child as a result of physical, emotional, sexual abuse Environmental
Child related ParentalFactors predisposing

Prepare the Inform the referral services Identify the abusers  Guidance
and counselling to parents Educating the childrenparents Identify the
danger signs
53. At risk of A large number of children live andwork on the streets
malnutrition,HIV,infestations, skin diseases andvulnerable group, drug
Rehabilitation by the Government PREVENTIONabuse,prostitution etc 
Free education Counseling centers Voluntary agenciesandNon Govt Job
opportunityFacilitating adoption of street children

54. Child labour is work for children that harms themCHILD LABOUR
orexploit them physically,mentally,morally or blockingaccess to Lack of
educationChild labour Unemployment PovertyeducationCauses Except
in the process of family based work orrecognized schoolact-1986 based
activities,children are notpermitted to work in any of the Child labour is work
for children thatoccupationsconcernedCHILD LABOUR harms them
orexploit them physically,mentally,morally or blockingaccess Lack of
educationChild Unemployment Povertyto educationCauses Except in the
process of family based work orrecognizedlabour act-1986 school based
activities,children are notpermitted to work in any of the
occupationsconcerned
55. Deals with problems of allchildrenn or Started in Chicago in 1909
adolescents for oneor other reason, are not fullyadjusted to their  Prevent
from becomingneurotics and psychotics Objectiveenvironment
Reconstruction of Counseling Play therapy PsychotherapyServices
Change in the physicalenvironmentparentalattitudes
56. Public health Social workers Clinical psychologist Psychiatrist 
Occupational therapist Speech therapist Paediatriciannurses Neurologist
57. A specialized non political healthagency ofIntroduction
HEALTHHead quarters at GenevaOBJECTIVESEstablished On 7thApril
1948UN DevelopPrevention and control of specificdisease.FOR
ALLFUNCTIONS Environmental healthFamily health
servicescomprehensive health service Health literature andBiomedical
researchHealth statisticsservices Cooperations with other
organizationsinformation
58. UnitedEstablished in 1946 by UNgeneral assemblyINTRODUCTION
Rehabilitation of children inravagednations childrens fundOBJECTIVE
Family and childChild nutritionChild healthcountriesFUNCTIONS Formal
and non fornal educationwelfare
59. IMMUNIZATIONBRAEST FEEDINGORAL REHYDRATIONGROWTH
MONITORINGGOBI
60. ProvideHelp children of poor nationsEstablished in 1966
ImmunizationeducationEstablished in 1961 in NEW DELHIFUNCTIONS
Water supply and sanitationFamily planning programmeORTprogrammes
61. Early childhoodEstablished in the year 1945Functions
EstablishedLiteracy training for girls, womenand handicappedliteracy in
the year 1945 inNorth America and 1950 in IndiaObjective• Until 1980’s-to
provide food forchildren till the age group of 6-11years• From mid 1980’s- to
support ICDSHealth development programIncome supplementation
62. Largely confined to humanitarianservices on behalf of victims of
warHead quarters in GENEVAFounded in1863
63. IsCICH was created in 2004CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL
CHILDHEALTH Contribute to the improvement ofthe health,research and
teaching unit nutrition anddevelopment of children in poorcommunities
64.  Established in the year 1952 INDIAN COUNCIL FOR
CHILDRENWELFARE ICCW are devoted to secure theindian childrenHead
quarters in Chennai promoting initiating services for childwelfare and
developmentby enactment of legislationand reforms to meet the needs ofthe
childrena
65. A semisocial organization started bygovernment of India in august
Activities in Family And Child Welfare Services in1968 Initiated1953 
Distribution of milk Social education Teaching craftrural areas
Organization of play centersBalwadis
66. Improvement of women Objective Established in the year 1944
They establishedi. Hospital diapensariesii.Cottageandchildren
Establishedindustriesiii.Training campaigns in firstaid, home nursing They
Improvement of women andchildren Objectivein the year 1944
establishedi. Hospital diapensariesii.Cottage industriesiii.Training campaigns
in firstaid, home nursing
67.  Preschool children Started in the year 1975BENEFICIERIES 
Supplementary nutritionPregnant and lactating mothersPACKAGES Non
formal Nutrition and health education Health checkupImmunization
education
68.  Improvement of health Objectives Established in the year 1920 
Functions Mitigation of suffering among peoplePrevention of diseases
Maternal and Armed forces Milk and medical suppliesRelief work Blood
bank and first aid Family planningchild welfare services
69. Providespreventive,promotive,curative andrehabilitative care inall
levels of healthservicesCare of sick childrencomfort feeding,bathing, safety etc
70. Deliver planned andincidental health teachingand informations to
Create awareness abouthealthy lifetheparents and significant others styles
andpractices regarding child care
71. Problem solving approach Help the parents and familymembers for
independentdecision making in differentsituations
72. Refer the Alleviate the social problemsrelated to child health
Participate in social serviceschild and family forsocial support
73. Maintains good Work along with other healthteam members
Coordinate the nursing servicesfor the childinterpersonalrelationships
74. Organizes the care for thesuccessful outcome in thepediatric care units
inhospitals, clinics andcommunity
75. Assist the child to obtainbest care possible fromthe particular
Advocacy ranges fromdietary care to discussionof plan of careunits
76. Provides Participates in researchprojects related to childhealth the
basis for thechanges in the nursingpractice and care of thechildren
77. Jointly practicing with thephysician or It is an expanded role Works
in rural areas asnurse mid-wives andprimary careindependently giver
78. Promote the well being andjustice Minimizes or prevent theharm
Protect the rights of the child
 79. Collaborates with otherspecialists to provide highquality health
services Interdisciplinary approach
80. Identifies the problrmareas in their interactionwith the family and
child Establishment oftherapeutic relationship 
81. Monitor, anticipate, andrespond to public healthproblems in 
Evaluate health risk factors ofpopulation groupspopulationgroups
Participate in assessing andevaluating health careservices