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Black Box Techinques

Equivalence partitioning divides test data into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. It reduces the number of test cases needed compared to testing all possible values. Boundary value analysis tests values at the boundaries between partitions, like minimums and maximums, to check valid and invalid ranges. Together, equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are effective techniques for testing applications with input data.

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91 views5 pages

Black Box Techinques

Equivalence partitioning divides test data into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. It reduces the number of test cases needed compared to testing all possible values. Boundary value analysis tests values at the boundaries between partitions, like minimums and maximums, to check valid and invalid ranges. Together, equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are effective techniques for testing applications with input data.

Uploaded by

MEHJABEEN SAYYED
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Black box testing:

What is Equivalence Partitioning Testing?


Equivalence Partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. It is abbreviated
as ECP. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application
under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can
be derived.
An advantage of this approach is it reduces the time required for performing testing of a
software due to less number of test cases.

Here is the test condition

1. Any Number greater than 10 entered in the Order Pizza field(let say 11)
is considered invalid.
2. Any Number less than 1 that is 0 or below, then it is considered invalid.
3. Numbers 1 to 10 are considered valid
4. Any 3 Digit Number say -100 is invalid.

We cannot test all the possible values because if done, the number of test
cases will be more than 100. To address this problem, we use equivalence
partitioning hypothesis where we divide the possible values of tickets into
groups or sets as shown below where the system behavior can be considered
the same.

Example:

(DATA RANGE)

Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3


Below zero 1 to 10 11 to 99

To (Valid) (Invalid)

00

(Invalid)

A payment management system accepts credit card payment only

Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3

Credit Card Net banking Cash on Delivery

(Valid) (Invalid) (Invalid)

Example

Customer Identification field in CRM System accepts only numbers.

Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3

Alphabets Numbers Special Characters

(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)

Data factor to be consider doing ECP are:-

1)Type

2)Size

3)Range

4)Others

Drawback of ECP:

1)ECP is unable to cover boundary value.


What is Boundary Testing?
Boundary testing is the process of testing between extreme ends or
boundaries between partitions of the input values.(Data range check)

Boundary Value Analysis- in Boundary Value Analysis, you test boundaries


between equivalence partitions

In our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you
will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on. As you may
observe, you test values at both valid and invalid boundaries. Boundary
Value Analysis is also called range checking.

Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis(BVA) are closely related


and can be used together at all levels of testing.

Boundary Value Analysis,

Partition 1 Partition 2 Partition 3

Below 9 10 to 20 21 to 99

(Invalid) (Valid) (Invalid)

Mininum-9

Maximum-100
Example on Boundary Value Analysis Test Case
Design Technique:
Assume, we have to test a field which accepts Age 18 – 56

Minimum boundary value is 18

Maximum boundary value is 56

Valid Inputs: 18,19,55,56

Invalid Inputs: 17 and 57

Test case 1: Enter the value 17 (18-1) = Invalid

Test case 2: Enter the value 18 = Valid

Test case 3: Enter the value 19 (18+1) = Valid

Test case 4: Enter the value 55 (56-1) = Valid

Test case 5: Enter the value 56 = Valid

Test case 6: Enter the value 57 (56+1) =Invalid

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