LESSON 1:
Communication(Communis)- process of making connections with verbal and nonverbal approach
Communication channel- describes way of communication
Communication process- steps on how to convey message
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS:
Sender/source- transfer message/information
Reciever/decoders- accepts message/information
Message Channels- message should be encoded to method carried out by communication channels
Feedback- expected to give response on how they understand the information
Noise- barrier that interferes in conversation.
”Internal noise- something that is bothering you
External noise- noise from surroundings”
Context-settings in which communication takes place
LESSON 2: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication models- frameworks that explains how communication takes place.
Harold Lasswell(1902-1978) introduce linear model
Communicator->message->medium->receiver->effect
Osgood and schramm model by Wilbur schramm (1907-1987) and Charles Osgood (1916-1991) shows that both sender
and receiver can both transmit and receive the message
Barnlunds Transactional Model by Dean Barnlund(1920-1992) introduced transactional model in 1970, that illustrates
the communication exchange is reciprocal
Aristotle’s Linear Model (before 300BC) the first communication model,”the speaker centered model”
Frank Dance Models- on 1967 process based on helix structure with comparison to communication
Intermediary or Gatekeeper Model by Paul Lazarsfeld (1901-1976) and Elihu Katz (1926-present)- has focus on person
who control the information in media industry
Shannon and Weaver’s Model-demonstrate the message that was encoded by sender and transfer it to receiver through
an industrial channel
LESSON 3: LEVELS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Intrapersonal communication-communicating with oneself/self-talk
2. Interpersonal communication- takes place between two persons
3. Small group communication- brainstorming of 3-20 people
4. Public communication- way of sharing programs and propagandas
5. Mass communication- large number of people using mass media
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
1.The message directed is not certainly the message recieved
2. Non communication is impossible
3. Message have content and feeling
4. Non verbal cues are realistic than verbal cues
LESSON 4: COMMUNICATION ETHICS
Ethics(ethos) –character/ guides you to be a good person
Unethical communication- affect manner of how to communicate
ETHICAL COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES
1. Truthfulness, accuracy and honesty
2.Freedom of expression
3. Respect and strive to understand other communicators
4. Access to communication resources and opportunities
5. promotion for communication climates
6.communication that degrade individual and humanity through distortion
7. people needs to be committed to courageous expressions
8.advocacy in sharing information
9. accept responsibility for short and long term consequences
LESSON 5: VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication(verbum means word)- spoken words or ability to deliver message orally
Formal verbal communication- approve way to share information which follows set of rules ,procedures or
standards
Ex. Professional settings, corporate meetings conference in formal pattern
Informal verbal communication- form of casual talk and established for face to face discussion
Ex. Family gatherings, friendly talks and bonding
TYPES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Face to face- talking to another person with facial expression ,gestures and tone of voice
2. Telephone conversation- best use for important news that needs to be passed immediately
3. Video chat- allow people to get in touch verbally with anyone anytime and everywhere
4. Lecture type- this is a basic example on how effective verbal communication can be used
5. Announcement- informative statement being done in public areas , in malls or train stations
6. Voice mail- if person you are calling is not available at the moment, message can be recorded
LESSON 6: NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Mehrabian, 1981- 55% of communication comes from facial expression, gestures and other non verbal cues.
IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Non verbal reinforces the words that you say through your gestures
2. Non verbal reveals true feelings through facial expressions
3. Through eye contact, it shows sincerity
4. Through tone of voice, one’s emotion is revealed
5. Through symbols and signs, you understand directions to take and give you meanings on what to do or
undertake
TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Facial Expression- these tells more about you and the people you mingle with
Eye Contact- can be affection,sympathy, interest or anger
Posture and body movement- shows how confident and well mannered you are
Haptics- different kind of touch and different meanings
Proxemics- Anthropologist Edward T. Hall (1914-2009) different kinds of distance that occur between people vary
from different cultures
Paralanguage- tone of voice and how you say a word
Chronemics- use of time that can affect interpersonal relationship
Artifacts- form of accessories that are chosen to characterize self concept
Physical appearance- the way you present yourself speaks a lot about your personality
LESSON 7: WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written communication-any form of engagement that uses words in written form which includes memo,proposals,e-
mails, letters, training manuals, and operating policies that can be printed on paper or hand written or by e-mails.
IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN E-MAIL
a. From line- Senders e-mail address
b. To line- recipients e-mail address
c. CC(carbon copy)- duplicate copy to be sent to another person
d. Bcc(blind carbon copy)- copy of an e-mail whose address is not visible as recipient of message
e. Salutation- opening greeting in letter
f. Subject line- where you write subject matter or reason why you write
g. Body of the letter- write what you want to discuss to recipient
h. Complimentary close- where you put closing remark of the sender
CHAPTER 1 PDF NOTES(COMPLETE)
Systems:
Phonology for sounds
Grammar for rules
Lexicon for vocabulary
Language Acquisition- able to use language naturally while growing(Mother Tongue/ First Language for L1)
Language Learning- Studying language formally or informally (Second Language for L2)
Speech Community -This refers to a group of people who share the same set of rules in the language system.
Language Contact- Able to slowly learn other language informally because of direct contact to the language user
Language Change- This refers to the change which is the result of Language Contact.
Communication: the process by which people exchange and assign meaning to messages
Communication is a process because: It is DYNAMIC, it entails VARIATION, it involves STEPS
Elements of Communication: Sender, Feedback, Message, Channel, Reciever, Verbal Symbols, Non-Verbal Symbols
and Experience
Lesson 2 Models of Communication
Barnlund’s Transactional Model
Osgood & Schramm’s Model
Aristotle’s Model
Shannon & Weaver’s Model
Intermediary or Gatekeeper Model
Laswell’s Model
Frank Dance’s Model
Berlo’s SMCR Model
Schramm’s Interactive Model
Lesson 3 Levels and Principles of Communication
Levels of communication: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Mass, Public, small group
7 levels of communication for Henson (2018)
Organizational, Cross-cultural, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Mass, Public, small group
Types of Communication According to Context Madrunio & Martin (2018)
Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Extended, Intercultural,Organizational
INTERNAL<- ORGANIZATIONAL-> EXTERNAL
Formal : Downward – top down
Upward – Bottom up
Horizontal – lateral
Crosswise – diagonal
Informal: Grapevine
Principles of Effective Communication Aquino & Ycong (2018)
The message directed is not certainly the message received.
Non-communication is impossible.
Message have content and feeling.
Non-verbal cues are realistic than verbal cues.
4C Model of Effective Communication Henson (2018)
Comprehension, Credibility, Connection and Contagiousness
Principles of Effective Communication Madrunio & Martin (2018)
Know your purpose in communicating
Know your audience
Know your topic
Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation
Work on the Feedback given to you
Lesson 4 Communication Ethics
Ethical Communication Principles:
We advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication.
We endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed
and responsible decision making fundamental to a civil society.
We strive to understand and respect other communicators before evaluating and responding to their messages.
We promote access to communication resources and opportunities as necessary to fulfill human potential and
contribute to the well-being of families, communities, and society.
We promote communication climates of caring and mutual understanding that respect the unique needs and
characteristics of individual communicators.
We condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion,
and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.
We are committed to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice.
We advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting
privacy and confidentiality.
We accept responsibility for the short- and long-term consequences of our own communication and expect the
same of others.
Communication Ethics Vanderbe (2018)
Truthfulness & honesty, Integrity, Fairness, Respect and Responsibility
