Elyte3i K/Na/Cl

PR705 K/Na/Cl/Ca/pH
Electrolytes Analyzer

Service Manual

Tulip Diagnostics (P) Ltd.

PREFACE
PR service Electrolytes Analyzer, a medical instrument which offers highly efficient support
in institution or laboratory, will be your ideal assistant. The function, the relevant installation
and operation procedures will be illustrated in this manual. In order to have a good command
of this amicable machine, please read these instructions carefully and thoroughly beforehand.
You can easily install this equipment and handle it usefully according to this manual.

Copyright
TULIP DIAGNOSTICS (P) LTD(hereinafter called TULIP) owns the intellectual property
rights to this Tulip product and the manual as well.

Responsibility on the Manufacturer Party

Contents of this manual are subject to changes without prior notice. All information provided
in this manual is deemed to be correct. The manufacturer shall not be liable for errors referred
in this manual nor for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,
performance, or use of this manual.

The manufacturer is responsible for safety, reliability and performance of this product only on
the conditions that:
1. The electrical installation of the relevant room complies with the applicable national and
local requirements; the product is used in accordance with the operation instructions.
2. Any problems arising from the product defects or improperly packing or other
consequences in connection with the product quality.

Attention
This equipment should be operated by skilled/trained medical professionals. It is crucial for
the hospital or organization that employs this equipment to carry out a reasonable
service/maintenance plan. Neglect of this may result in machine breakdown or shortening its
longevity. Operate the analyzer under the condition specified in this manual; otherwise, the
analyzer will not work normally and the analysis results will be unreliable, or even would
damage the analyzer components.

Suggestions for improvement, additions, modifications, and corrections to the

analyzer are always welcomed. Please submit these at the official Tulip Website:
www.tulipgroup.com or the mailbox: sales@tulipgroup.com.
Important Notices
Fuse change
Follow the instructions to replace the fuse:
1. Unplug the power cord.
2. Refer to on the electrical outlet of the back cover. Use screwdriver to open the fuse case.
3. Replace the broken fuse with the auxiliary one and close the fuse case.

Attentions: the reagent pack contains waste (serum or bacterial) which may be
harmful to human being.

BIOHAZARD

Please do not put any liquid above the top of the instrument to avoid accidental
spilling which can cause electric shock.

The rechargeable battery installed on main board inside the instrument is a

maintenance free component.

Please kindly find the paste label on the top of reagent pack which reads “please
pull it off before use”

Warning: Forgetting to remove the paste label on the top of reagent pack may
lead to damage to instrument

Warning
Electrodes unstable condition may be caused by voltage fluctuation, electronic magnet
interference and power cord plug & unplug, extra calibration should be carried out before
testing .And it is recommended to install an independent Magnetic Saturation stabilizer
(300W) for the analyzer.
 Contents

CONTENTS

1. INSTALL THE ANALYZER .........................................................................................................3

1.1. INSTALL ELECTRODES ...............................................................................................................3

1.1.1. Add refill solution into K/Na/Cl/Ca/pH electrodes ..........................................................3
1.1.2. Add refill solution into REFERENCE electrode ..............................................................3
1.1.3. Mount the electrodes in place ..........................................................................................4
1.2. INSTALL PRINTER PAPER ............................................................................................................5
1.3. INSTALL PUMP TUBE ..................................................................................................................5
1.4. INSTALL REAGENT PACK AND ACTIVE THE ELECTRODE .............................................................6
1.5. CHECK GROUNDING OF THE POWER SUPPLY ..............................................................................6
1.6. CONNECT TO PC VIA RS232 PORT .............................................................................................7

2. TROUBLE SHOOTING ................................................................................................................9

2.1. ELECTRODE PROBLEM ...............................................................................................................9

2.1.1. Drift..................................................................................................................................9
2.1.2. Abnormal problem ...........................................................................................................9
2.1.3. OR problem ....................................................................................................................10
2.1.4. Cleaning Method............................................................................................................10
2.1.5. Higher or lower value. ................................................................................................... 11
2.2. PATHWAY PROBLEM .................................................................................................................13
2.2.1. Cal A, Cal B, Cleaning solution, serum failure. .............................................................13
2.2.2. Probe or measuring chamber blockage .........................................................................15
2.2.3. Blockage in the electrode hole or probe tie-in ...............................................................15
2.2.4. Multiplexer checking ......................................................................................................15
2.2.5. Sample sensor checking .................................................................................................17
2.2.6. Probe sensor problem ....................................................................................................18
2.2.7. Door sensor problem .....................................................................................................18
2.2.8. LCD contrast adjustment ...............................................................................................18

3. THEORY INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................19

3.1. ELECTROLYTES IN BLOOD .......................................................................................................19

3.1.1. Normal range .................................................................................................................19
3.1.2. Ionic calcium (iCa2+) and total calcium (TCa) ............................................................19
3.2. ELECTROLYTES IN URINE.........................................................................................................19
3.3. TESTING METHOD ...................................................................................................................20
3.4. FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ELECTRODES ................................................................................20
3.5. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND STORAGE .......................................................................................20
3.6. SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRODES ..........................................................................................21
3.7. SPECIAL NOTICES FOR THIS ANALYZER ....................................................................................21

4. FACTORY MODE........................................................................................................................22

4.1. TCA SETTING ...........................................................................................................................22

4.2. TOTAL TEST QUANTITY COUNT SETTING .................................................................................22

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Contents
4.3. VOLUME TEST .........................................................................................................................22
4.4. PRINTER SETUP .......................................................................................................................22

5. SPARE PARTS LIST....................................................................................................................23

2 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 1. Install the analyzer

1. Install the analyzer

1.1. Install electrodes
1.1.1. Add refill solution into K/Na/Cl/Ca/pH electrodes

Screw out electrode head Empty original refill solution Cut open the capsule

Add refill solution to reach Screw in electrode head Fillip the bottom of the
2/3 of electrode cavity. tightly. electrode to exclude air
bubbles if there is any.

Dry the electrode surface

with clean tissue.

Note: Empty the remaining refill solution before adding fresh new, the concentration may
vary and affect the test results.
Never over add the refill solution; otherwise the electrode may be damaged.
Check the condition of the O ring against missing.
There is a small slot on the electrode head to balance inner pressure .Make sure it is not wet
by refill solution.

1.1.2. Add refill solution into REFERENCE electrode

There are two kinds of reference electrode. One is small (its appearance is same as a pH
electrode), the other is big (its appearance shows as below).
1. If the electrode is small one, there are two pastes on both sides to prevent leakage. Please
remove them before use and install O rings on both sides. The small reference electrode can
use directly without adding refill solution (if refill solution doesn’t run out). If “OR” or
“DRIFT” occurs with more than two electrodes and two much crystal is observed inside
reference electrode, you can put the Ref. electrode into warm water (about 50℃-60℃) for 5
minutes to dissolve the crystals. Then the REF electrode can be used again.
2. If it is big one as below, please add refill solution to reach the capsule inside.

Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley® 3
1. Install the analyzer

Liquid level

Note: The refill solution for reference electrode is different from others. Misuse of refill
solution can make all electrodes unstable.
There is no need to empty refill solution before adding new cause the solution is totally
saturated.
If two much crystal forms on the membrane of reference electrode, it will affect all the
electrode to drift or OR. Schedule cleaning is essential to avoid such condition.

1.1.3. Mount the electrodes in place

Dry measuring chamber with Dry electrode with clean Fillip to exclude any air bubbles
clean tissue. tissue. below liquid level

Pull out and twist the knob. Place electrodes one by Line electrode with thumb
one. Be careful of O ring

Twist and release knob to lock Close the door

Note: Broken or missing of O ring, broken electrode membranes, any leakage on the
whole conduits and even a aging pump tube, can cause problem when aspiration.

4 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 1. Install the analyzer

1.2. Install printer paper

Press OPEN button to open the cover Put paper roll inside the cabinet (notice
the direction of print side in red)

Hold SEL and LF key for a few seconds

Close the printer cover.
when power up to activate self test

1.3. Install pump tube

Place one end of reagent pack into Pull another end to turn around pump
tube rack. wheel.

Place another end into the rack.

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1. Install the analyzer

1.4. Install reagent pack and Active the Electrode

1. Remove the silicon rubber protector for tie-in of the reagent pack. Insert reagent pack into the
side cavity of the analyzer. Gently push the reagent into position.
Notes: Do not press too hard in case liquid is squeezed out.
2. Activating new electrodes:
Power off the machine, then lift PROBE and feed fresh serum, manually turn pump wheel
anti-clockwise to aspirate until it reaches all electrodes. Keep the serum for half an hour to
activate the electrodes. After that, wash the conduits for 2 times in case remained serum may
affect the test. And then perform calibration. It may take several times for new electrode to
reach stable.

1.5. Check grounding of the power supply

Voltage of Live to Neutral Voltage of Live to Earth

Voltage of Neutral to Earth

Note: Before installing the analyzer, it is required to check for perfect grounding of the
power supply.
VLN + VNE = VLE ≈ 220V
VNE ≈ 0V
Where N, L, E denotes NEUTRAL line, LIVE line and EARTH line respectively.
It is important to have a good ground since poor grounding could affect all electrodes to be
drift.

6 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 1. Install the analyzer

1.6. Connect to PC via RS232 port

The analyzer is equipped with a RS232 port to communicate with computer. Before
connecting to the PC, turn off both the analyzer and the PC. Otherwise, static potential can
damage the serial ports.
1. Connect the instrument to the serial Port of PC via RS232 cable.
2. Open the HeyperTerminal program and finish setup.
3. Then sample data will be transferred to Hyper Terminal automatically after each test.
Note: Before connecting to the PC, power off both the analyzer and PC. Otherwise, static
potential can damage the serial port.

The following procedures show how to use hyperterminal, a program provided with windows
xp. Any third party program is also supported such as SecureCRT, etc. Here only take the
example in WINDOWS 2000/XP.
a) Start Hyper Terminal by clicking on ‘Start->Programs->Accessories-> Communications
-> Hyper terminal’.
b) The first screen that appears is the ‘New connection’ dialog box. Here you can enter a
name for this configuration of Hyper Terminal. Select an icon then press ‘OK’.

c) The ’Connect To’ dialog box appears. Ignore the first three boxes (these are for dial-up
modem), In the last box ‘Connect using’ select the COM port that you will be using and press
‘OK’.( The port can be found by right click My Computer>Manage>Analyzer
manager>Port)

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1. Install the analyzer
d) In the following ‘COM properties’ dialog box, set up the communication parameters for the
COM port: Bits per second: 19200, data bits: 8, parity: none, stop bits 1, flow control: none.
Please refer to previous for more details. Press ‘OK’ to save.
e) Press OK to save.
f) The next screen shows real time communications window. Connect the analyzer to the serial
port of PC via RS232 cable, and after each test the sample data which is in ASCⅡformat will
be transferred to Hyper terminal automatically.

8 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 2. Troubleshooting

2. Trouble shooting
2.1. Electrode problem
2.1.1. Drift

A. If the drift problem happens with two or more electrodes, most probably, it is caused by
reference electrode or the flow path way.

Check the power supply, if it could meet the requirements, with stabilizer and no interference.

Check the tip of reference electrode, if there are any bubbles;

Check the filling solution in it, if the level is lower than 3/4 of the cavity.

Check the fluid segment when calibration, if there are any bubbles exist; can the fluid segment
could be drawn to the measuring chamber.

Check the reagent pack, how about the results if replace with a new reagent pack.

Activate the electrodes with fresh serum, select Maintenance>> De-proteinize, and feed fresh
serum to the aspiration needle, the system will perform electrodes activate procedures
automatically.

If still not fixed, please replace it with a new one or contact service department immediately.

B. If drift problem happens with only one electrode, proceed as follows:

Check the tip of the electrodes, if there are any bubbles;

For K+, Ca2+, Cl- electrode, perform De-proteinize cycle and check again; for Na+, pH
electrode, perform Conditioning cycle and check again.

(Recommended)Activate the electrodes with fresh serum, select Maintenance>>De-proteinize,
and feed fresh serum to the aspiration needle, the system will perform electrodes activate
procedures automatically.

2.1.2. Abnormal problem

A. If the abnormal problem happens with two or more electrodes, most probably, it is
caused by Reference electrode or the reagent pack.

B. If the abnormal problem happens with only one electrode, proceed as follows:

Check the tip of the electrodes, if there are any bubbles;

Access Service>>Calibration data retrieve program, select [Print] to check the mV value of
CAL A and CAL B, check if the value could meet the following range:
Range Cal A or Cal B Cal B- Cal A
+
K 45～140 mV 12～21.0 mV
Na+ 45～120 mV -4.2～-7.3 mV
Cl- 50～120 mV 5.4～10.8 mV
Ca2+ 35～100 mV 6.6～10.5 mV
pH 70～170 mV 16～28 mV

For K , Ca , Cl electrode, perform De-proteinize cycle and check again; for Na+, pH
+ 2+ -

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2. Troubleshooting
electrode, perform Conditioning cycle and check again.

If still not fixed, please replace it with a new one or contact service department immediately.

2.1.3. OR problem

A. If the abnormal problem happen with two or more electrodes, most probably, it is caused
by Reference electrode, grounding or flow pathway

B. If the abnormal problem happens with only one electrode, proceed as follows:

To check the filling solution in it, if the level is lower. Most of the "OR" problem is caused
by filling solution is not enough.

To check the tip of the electrodes, if there are any bubbles.

2.1.4. Cleaning Method

This method is applicable to maintain the electrode with above problem when all necessary
procedures are performed. This method uses bleaching water (NaClO 5% or NaClO3 50%)
from either internal cleaning solution in the package or external source.
2.1.4.1. Using internal cleaning solution
1) Access Service>>Online instruction hints>>Multiplexer checking program, and press [YES] to
scroll down.
2) Four choice states at the below of the screen“1→A；2→B；3→Clean；4→Air”，it indicates the
position of the multiplexer, Cal A solution position, Cal B solution position, Cleaning position
and Air.
3) Select [3→Clean] to make the multiplexer rotate to Cleaning position.
4) Rotate the peristaltic pump in anti-clockwise to draw cleaning solution to the measuring
chamber, observe the liquid segment carefully to make sure the cleaning solution could cover
the measuring chamber
5) Let the solution stay
there for 5 minutes. ==========MULTIPLEXER CHECK==========
6) Perform washing cycle 7. Possible Problems: blockage leakage
(Maintenance>>Washi or lack of liquid
ng) several times after ======================================
finished Cleaning. ASPIRATATE:1=A 2=B 3=CLEAN 4=AIR

2.1.4.2. Using external bleaching water

Take out the electrode, and drop bleaching
water (NaClO 5%, NaClO3 50%) into the
conduit. First block one side of the hole, then
drop the solution from the other side and leave
the solution in the conduit for 5 minutes.
Flush the conduit with distilled water for
several times after finished.
*It may take several minutes for the electrodes

10 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 2. Troubleshooting
to reach stable again after perform cleaning cycle.

2.1.5. Higher or lower value.

When a new electrode is replaced or an electrode is found that the value is higher or lower than
normal value, the test parameters (or correlation factor) shall be readjusted to get a correct value.
1. At least two batches of QC materials with difference QC values, from the same manufacturer,
shall be provided to do this correction. The difference between batch values shall be as larger
as possible. The following values are recommended:
K: 2 ~ 4 mmol/L difference
Na: 30 ~ 60 mmol/L difference
Cl: 25 ~ 40 mmol/L difference
Ca 1.5 ~ 3 mmol/L difference
pH: 0.5 ~ 2.0 mmol/L difference
2. If there are 3 values of QC materials available, then use the high and low value QC materials
for calculation, and then use the middle value QC material to verify the test parameters. Fine
adjust the intercept during verification.
Notice: Randox® ISE QC serum are strongly recommended

There are two ways to get test parameters (correlation factors), one is auto-calculated by the
analyzer, and the other one is manually calculated by operators. Here expected value is also
called target value of QC materials. Measured value is the actual value measured from QC
materials without correlation.
2.1.5.1. Auto calculation of correlation factors
1) Reset the parameters, select Setup>>Test parameters>>Resume, press YES to save. When
finished, slope=1.0, intercept=0.0 (Password:55)
2) Run 1 point calibration and 2 point calibration prior to running QC test, and make sure it
could pass only 1 once. The purpose is to ensure the electrodes in good condition.
3) Enter QC test mode,3 options are available, QC batch 1→High level, batch 2→Low level,
batch 3→middle level for Confirmation
4) Enter QC batch 1→High level QC test program, if we are going to continue auto-calculation,
reset the serial No. prior to testing, select [STAT] and [CLR]. The serial No. displayed at Top
Left is 001.
5) Test High level QC under QC batch 1 for at least 3 times
6) Enter QC batch 2 and complete the test of Low level QC
7) Enter Setup>>Test parameters to initiate calculation, select [CAL] and input the target values
of High/Low level QC Left→High level, Right→Low level.
8) After finished inputting, press [YES] to conduct auto-calculation, the slope and intercept are
displayed.
9) Press [YES] to save.
10) Enter QC test mode, and select QC batch 3.Run QC middle level to confirm.
11) Enter Setup>>Test parameters to modify the intercept to the best (suit for H/M/L 3 points),
select [INPUT] and input the proper values of intercepts directly. Press [YES] to save.

Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley® 11
2. Troubleshooting

Target value
Y = ax + b
Y' = ax + b’
High level
QC
Adjust the intercept b'
Intercept
Middle level QC

Low level QC

Test value
Slope

2.1.5.2. Manual calculation of correlation factors

1) Access Setup>>Test parameters program, select [Resume] to make slope=1.0 and
intercept=0.0
2) Perform 1 point calibration and 2 point calibration to check the status of the instrument, we
must ensure the instrument is being good condition when proceed QC test.
3) Enter QC test mode,3 options are available, QC batch 1→High level, batch 2→Low level,
batch 3→middle level for Confirmation
4) Measure high level in batch 1, low level in batch 2, middle level in batch 3, each for at least 3
times.
5) If QC is outsourced, target value can take the values of Bayer 348.
6) Then enter the data (test result and target values) to Office EXCEL, Use the function

12 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 2. Troubleshooting
"SLOPE","INTERCEPT" and "CORREL" to calculate the values of slope and intercept.
Example
K_Test K_Target y=ax+b
5.72 5.7 SLOPE INTERCEPT CORRELATION FACTORS
5.73 5.7 1.096444 -0.57389 0.999978
5.71 5.7
5.72 5.7
5.73 5.7 Note:
3.90 3.7 Function available in EXCEL

3.89 3.7 SLOPE（array y：array x）

INTERCEPT（array y：array x）
3.90 3.7
CORREL（array y：array x）
3.90 3.7
3.90 3.7

2.2. Pathway problem

2.2.1. Cal A, Cal B, Cleaning solution, serum failure.

A. If the problem happens with Cal A, Cal B, even serum, and most probably, it is caused by
sample pathway blockage or leakage.

Check the connections between aspiration needle, electrodes and aspiration pump, check the
O ring, if it is broken (replace it with a new one.), or blockage (eliminate the blockage with
inject distilled water with syringe).

Check if the membrane of the electrodes is broken, if the membrane is broken (filling
solution may leak out), the analyzer can not draw the liquid either.

Check the tubes section by section if there is any blockage (Inject distilled water from reagent
pack connector to eliminate it)
.

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2. Troubleshooting

==========MULTIPLEXER CHECK==========
7. Possible Problems: blockage
leakage or lack of liquid
=====================================
ASPIRATATE:1=A 2=B 3=CLEAN 4=AIR

Check the CAL A, CAL B, Flush (sample) pathway multiplexer, please refer to above
picture.

B. If the problem only happens with one solution, Cal A or Cal B,

To take out the reagent pack, and connect the syringe to the outlet of Cal A or Cal B solution
via tube, draw the solution manually to check if it is run out.

14 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 2. Troubleshooting

If no, replace with a new one. If yes, try the steps of 2.2.1 to check again.
There are also other ways to clean blockage or leakage. Here are some methods useful in everyday
maintenance.

2.2.2. Probe or measuring chamber blockage

Use long needle to eliminate the blockage. The following shows the details.
Caution：： Never use this needle to poke the electrodes .It is only for probe cleaning

Position in red can be cleared with long needle Use long needle to eliminate blockage
(These are metal tube)

2.2.3. Blockage in the electrode hole or probe tie-in

Use air blower to eliminate this kind of blockage

Blow electrode gently Take out PROBE tie-in Blow the PROBE tie-in

2.2.4. Multiplexer checking

Multiplexer configures as the switch for the liquid. The liquid includes Cal A, Cal B, Clean
solution. If it fails, the analyzer also prompts No Cal A or No Cal B failures.
Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley® 15
2. Troubleshooting
There are two possible causes from this problem:
a) One is electrical problem. This kind of problem is caused by step motor or the sensor on
multiplexer. The sensor positions the switch of liquid. The problem of sensor can lead to
wrong positioning.
b) The second cause is mechanical problem. When there is crystal inside or missing (broken) O
ring, it can cause leakage or blockage of the conduits.
2.2.4.1. Electrical checking
1. Open the cover, and measure the voltage of the Pin specified in the picture, the first Pin of the
4-way cable from the left.
2. Access Service>>instruction hints>>multiplexer check mode, and skip the information, you
will see four choices are displayed at the below
"1→A(Cal A position)；2→B(Cal B)；3→Clean；4→Air",observe the change of the voltage
when press [1]/[2]/[3]/[4].

If the multiplexer rotates to air position, the voltage of this Pin should be more than 3.5V

If the multiplexer rotates to Cal A/Cal B/Cleaning position, the voltage of this Pin should be
less than 1.0V

If the given values are wrong, it should be the problem of sensor of the multiplexer; it is
recommended to replace it with a new one.

Multiplexer

Check this Pin

Peristaltic pump

2.2.4.2. Mechanical checking

16 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 2. Troubleshooting

Clamp the two locks of the valve to release Remove the top cover of the valve.

Note this pointer

Photo coupler

1. Take out the multiplexer by press only two lockers

2. Rotate the motor manually and check the position of the pointer.
3. Observe the voltage change (check the pin specified in above picture) when the pointer is
rotating around the position of the photo coupler.
4. Check the status of O ring, Clean the crystal if there is any.

2.2.5. Sample sensor checking

The sample sensor is place in the lock knob of measuring chamber. The problem of sample
sensor can cause No liquid found failure while the liquid is passing through the conduit.
2.2.5.1. Clean polluted sensor.
When the lens of sample sensor is polluted, there can be no liquid change found by the sensor. In
this case, clean the hole with a thin roll of tissue.

Error!

Screw out from knob

Remove from chamber Screw out the lens Clean the hole of lens

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2. Troubleshooting

2.2.5.2. Adjustment of sample sensor.

When the sample sensor has problem or a new sample sensor is replaced, the system will
prompt message to adjust R35 or R69.
Adjust R39 to 800mv when required.
Adjust R65 to 1.8V when required

R78 for LCD

1.8V 800mv

R39 R65

2.2.6. Probe sensor problem

When the probe sensor has problem, calibration can pass successfully but can not find sample.
In this case, the whole probe assembly should be replaced.

2.2.7. Door sensor problem

The door sensor will beep if the door of measuring is open. If it fails, the buzzer will beep
long or no beep at all. Just check the magnetic block behind the door or replace a new
measuring chamber.

2.2.8. LCD contrast adjustment

If software adjustment under SETUP>>LCD CONTRAST fails, there is another way to adjust
the contrast. Find R78 on the mainboard and adjust it to the best contrast.
Note: The contrast of LCD varies with temperature.

18 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 3. Theory introduction

3. Theory Introduction
3.1. Electrolytes in blood

3.1.1. Normal range

The electrolytes commonly exist in human are:

K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Li+, HCO3-
The normal range of their concentrations is as follows:
normal range unit
+
K 3.5 ~ 5.5 mmol/L
+
Na 135 ~ 145 mmol/L
-
Cl 96 ~ 106 mmol/L
iCa2+ (when pH=7.4) 1.10 ~ 1.35 mmol/L
Li+ 0.6 ~ 1.2 mmol/L
TCa 2.2 ~ 2.70 mmol/L
pH 7.35 ~ 7.45 mmol/L

3.1.2. Ionic calcium (iCa2+) and total calcium (TCa)

The composition of serum is very complex, such as protein and citrates. Calcium can bind
with these compositions to form bound calcium. The bound calcium does not process the
biological activity. It is the ionic calcium (iCa2+) rather than the bound calcium that takes part
in biological activity and helps to adjust the balance of human calcium.
TCa = iCa + bound calcium
nCa=iCa when pH=7.4
In human serum, TCa ≈ 2*iCa (when pH = 7.4)
When pH < 7.40, bound calcium ↓, iCa ↑
When pH > 7.40 bound calcium ↑, iCa ↓
For separated serum, carbon dioxide inside will be released with time. This leads to pH
increase and iCa decrease. So the separated serum should be tested as soon as possible
(recommended to be tested within 1 hour).

3.2. Electrolytes in urine

The normal range of electrolytes in urine is shown in below.
Range Unit
+
K 25 ~ 100 mmol/24hour
Na+ 130 ~ 145 mmol/24hour
-
Cl 110 ~ 250 mmol/24hour
Note: The unit is mmol/24 hour. Since electrolytes in urine vary greatly in one day, the
range is an average concentration of all urine collected from one patient in 24 hours.

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3. Theory introduction

3.3. Testing method

The Ion Selective, Flame Photometer, Colorimetry and Titration are the most common
methods to determine the concentrations of electrolytes.
Ion selective method: is a direct test method. The sample does not require pre-process before
testing (serum or whole blood). The electrolyte is tested directly and it is easy to use and more
accurate, and it can test several parameters at the same time.

3.4. Factors that affect the electrodes

There are some medicines or factors that can affect the value of electrodes. The following
shows some examples and their effect.
Factors Effect
Heparinate anticoagulant K↑, Na↑, Ca↓
Hemolysis K↑, Ca↓
Contaminated container K↑, Na↑, Cl↑, Ca↑
Salvolatile K↑, Na↑, Ca↓
Nystatin K↑, Ca↓
Amphoterisin K↑, Ca↓
Procaine K↓, Ca↓
Lidocaine K↓, Ca↓
Bromide Cl↑
Iodide Cl↑
Nitrate Cl↑
Thiocyanate Cl↑, Ca↓
Salicylate Cl↑, Ca↓
Other than above factors, electromagnetic interference, irradiation of strong light, degraded
calibrate, additives and preservatives in the QC materials, imperfection of the grounding,
unstable power supply, dry out of electrode refill solution, chloride layer falling off the silver
stick of the electrode or corrosion and moist of grounding points are all the inducements to
imperfection in calibration and testing.

3.5. Sample collection and storage

Blood from artery vessels, vein and capillary vessel can all be used for test with this analyzer.
Avoid hemolysis sample, as this will lead to an increase in concentration of K ion.
For the same sample, there is a difference of about 3mmol/L Cl- ion between blood (serum)
and whole blood.
Salicylate (and its derivatives) and bromide inside the sample can increase the Cl reading. The
sample may be polluted by perchlorate, cyanide sulfate, iodide or nitrate.
The blood serum and blood plasma should be tested as soon as possible or stored in ice water.
Whole blood should be tested within 1 hour. If anticoagulant is to be used, heparin Li is
recommended to avoid affecting the Na reading. Whole blood should be stored in room
temperature, no need to be frozen.
Na in blood serum is commonly higher than that in blood plasma.
All fittings and reagent pack for the analyzer should be stored in 5~25℃ and clean

20 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®
 3. Theory introduction
environment. Avoid direct sun shine and expose to the air for a long time.

3.6. Specifications for electrodes

Normal range (mV) mV(CAL B) – mV(CAL A)
K 45 ~ 140 12~ 21.0
Na 45 ~ 120 -4.2 ~ -7.3
Cl 50 ~ 120 5.4 ~ 10.8
Ca 35 ~ 100 6.6 ~ 10.5
pH 70 ~ 170 16 ~ 28
Note: When response potential of the electrode is outside the normal range, the system
prompts “OR” error.
When potential difference of Cal B- Cal A is less than the lower limit, the system prompts
“abnormal” error.

3.7. Special notices for this analyzer

1. Do not use the reagents of flame photometer or chemistry analyzer, as their materials may be
harmful to electrodes.
2. The analyzer shall use the reagent pack from the manufacturer. Do not try other reagents.
3. Keep close the door of measuring chamber while test. Otherwise the result cannot be assured.
4. The refill solution for electrodes is poisonous and corrosive. Avoid direct contact with the eye
and skin, Flush the eye with plenty of water and see the doctor at once when there is such
accident.
5. The analyzer should be well grounded for best performance and for safety.
6. Always keep power up the analyzer to ensure the lifetime of the electrodes and the accuracy.
7. Serum should be separated and contained in a small bottle. The small bottle should be cleaned
thoroughly with distilled water beforehand. Do not use the tap water for wash.
8. During aspiration of the sample, beware not to suck in the blood fat and fibrin which may lead
to blockage of the conduits.

Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley® 21
4. Factory mode

4. Factory Mode
4.1. Tca setting
Enter ->Setup and press [-] [NO] [NO] [1] [1] [5]
System prompts with message "Turn TCa on/off"
Press [YES] or [NO] to enable or disable “TCa calculate” during sample measuring.

4.2. Total Test Quantity count setting

Enter ->Setup and press [-] [NO] [NO] [1] [1] [6]
System prompts with message "Reset to default or not"
Press [YES] or [NO] to reset all the parameters (including Test Q'ty, count, slope and
intercept) See figure 3.1 Total Test Q'ty count
Note: The values of slope and intercept are erased as well. It is highly recommended to
write down those values and reenter them after resetting.

Fig.3.1 Serum test-Total Test Q'ty

4.3. Volume Test

Enter ->Setup and press [-] [NO] [NO] [1] [1] [8]
System prompts with message "Turn volume test on or not"
System prompts with message "Turn volume test on or not"
Press [YES] or [NO] to enable or disable 'the remaining volume statement’, the value of the
remaining of the Cal A solution will be displayed at the bottom of the screen
Please enter Service->Replace reagent pack and follow the messages prompted when replaced
with a new reagent pack, in this case the system will come back to 100% after installed a new
reagent pack.
Note: There can be some difference between the value displayed and the actual volume,
because the remaining of the reagent pack is calculated by counting rounds of the
peristaltic pump.
New reagent pack must be replaced in the SERVICE>> REPLACE REAGENT, or the
volume counter will not be reset.

4.4. Printer setup

Enter ->Setup->Printer setup
Press [6] [8] [0] [7] [9] to adjust the Font size of the printer (T1, T2…D1, D2… appears on
the right top of the screen)

22 Service manual for PR703 705, Rev 3.1, March 2010, Cornley®