Standard Steel
Bolt Torque Specifications
Standard Dry Torque in Foot-Pounds
Bolt Coarse SAE SAE SAE SAE SAE
SAE
Size Threads/ Grade Grade 3 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Grade 5
0-1-2 100,000 psi 133,000 psi 133,000 psi 150,000 psi
(in.) inch 120,000 psi
74,000 psi Med. Med. Med. Med.
Med. Carbon
Low Carbon Carbon Carbon Carbon Carbon
Heat T. Steel
Steel Steel Temp. Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Steel
1/4 20 6 9 10 12.5 13 14
5/16 18 12 17 19 24 25 29
3/8 16 20 30 33 43 44 47
7/16 14 32 47 54 69 71 78
1/2 13 47 69 78 106 110 119
9/16 12 69 103 114 150 154 169
5/8 11 96 145 154 209 215 230
3/4 10 155 234 257 350 360 380
7/8 9 206 372 382 550 570 600
1 8 310 551 587 825 840 700
1-1/8 7 480 872 794 1304 1325 1430
1-1/4 7 375 1211 1105 1815 1825 1975
1-3/8 6 900 1624 1500 2434 2500 2650
1-1/2 6 1100 1943 1775 2913 3000 3200
1-5/8 5.5 1470 2660 2425 3985 4000 4400
1-3/4 5 1900 3463 3150 5189 5300 5650
1-7/8 5 2360 4695 4200 6980 7000 7600
2 4.5 2750 5427 4550 7491 7500 8200
Metric Steel Bolts
Torque Specifications
Standard Dry Torque in Foot-Pounds
Bolt Size Coarse Thread Standard 5D Standard 8G Standard 10K Standard 12K
Millimeters Pitch 71,160 psi 113,800 psi 142,000 psi 170,674 psi
Med. Carbon Med. Carbon Med. Carbon Med. Carbon
Steel Steel Steel Steel
6mm 1.00 5 6 8 10
8mm 1.00 10 16 22 27
10mm 1.25 31 40 45 49
12mm 1.25 34 54 70 86
14mm 1.25 55 89 117 137
16mm 2.00 83 132 175 208
18mm 2.00 111 182 236 283
22mm 2.50 182 284 394 464
24mm 3.00 261 419 570 689
SUGGESTED TORQUE VALUES AND CLAMP LOADS
GRADES 2, 5, & 8 CAP SCREWS
Nominal Threads/Inch Tensile Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8
Size Stress
Area Clamp Tightening Clamp Tightening Clamp Tightening
(sq. in) Load Torque Load Torque Load Torque
(lb) (in-lb) (lb) (in-lb) (lb) (in-lb)
.250 28 .0363 1200- 47-65 1855- 72-100 2619- 107-142
1800 2782 3928
20 .0318 1050- 41-57 1622- 65-88 2291- 93-129
1575 2432 3437
.3125 24 .0580 1914- 93-129 2961- 144-200 4180- 212-294
2871 4441 6270
18 .0524 1729- 84-117 2674- 130-18O 3775- 199-265
2594 4011 5662
.375 24 .0878 2897- 169-234 4479- 262-363 6324- 384-534
4346 6719 9486
16 .0774 2557- 150-207 3952- 231-320 5579- 339-471
3836 5928 8369
.4375 20 .1187 3917- 267-370 6054- 413-572 3546- 606-841
5876 9080 12820
14 .1063 3508- 239-331 5421- 370-512 7654- 542-753
5262 8132 11480
.500 20 .1599 5278- 412-570 8151- 53-73 (ft- 11516- 81-103 (ft-
7917 12236 Ib) 64746 lb)
13 .1419 4683- 365-506 7237- 47-65 (ft- 10217- 72-96 (ft-
7024 10855 lb) 15325 lb)
Tensile
Stress Clamp Tightening Clamp Tightening Clamp Tightening
Nominal Area Load Torque Load Torque Load Torque
Size Threads/Inch (sq. in) (lb) (ft-lb) (lb) (ft-lb) (lb) (ft-lb)
.5625 18 .2029 6698- 49-68 10356- 76-105 14615- 115-154
10048 15528 21922
12 .1731 5714- 42-58 9279- 68-90 13100- 103-138
8571 13319 19651
.625 18 .2559 8446- 63-95 13053- 106-147 18428- 175-233
12670 19580 27643
11 .2260 7458- 61-84 11526- 94-130 16277- 143-191
11187 17289 24408
.750 16 .3729 12392- 185-257 19021- 185-257 26853- 284-378
18373 28531 40280
10 .3344 11037- 108-149 17055- 166-230 24081- 254-338
16555 25582 36122
1.000 12 .6630 13149- 164-247 33815- 440-609 47739- 670-894
19703 50722 71608
8 .6060 12010- 150-225 30892- 402-566 43613- 619-817
17994 46339 65420
1.125 12 .8562 16948- 238-357 38006- 534-801 61632- 866-1300
25423 57009 92448
7 .7531 15107- 212-318 33877- 476-714 54936- 772-1158
2261 50816 82404
1.250 12 1.0734 21245- 332-498 47641- 744-1116 77256- 1207-1810
31868 71462 115884
7 .9646 19186- 300-450 43023- 672-1008 69768- 1090-1635
28719 64535 104652
18-8 & 316 S/S, Brass, Aluminum, Monel, Silicon Bronze
Torque Specifications
Standard Dry Torque in Inch-Pounds
Bolt Size Threads
Inches or # Per Inch 18-8 Silicon 2024-T4 316
Brass Monel
Stainless Steel Bronze Aluminum Stainless Steel
56 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.6 2.5
#2
64 3.0 2.5 2.8 1.7 3.2 3.1
48 3.9 3.2 3.6 2.1 4.0 4.0
#3
56 4.4 3.6 4.1 2.4 4.6 4. 5
40 5.2 4.3 4.8 2.9 5.5 5.3
#4
48 6.6 5.4 6.1 3.6 6.9 6.7
40 7.7 6.3 7.1 4.2 8.1 7.8
#5
44 9.4 7.7 8.7 5.1 9.8 9.6
32 9.6 7.9 8.9 5.3 10.1 9.8
#6
40 12.1 9.9 11.2 6.6 12.7 12.3
32 19.8 16.2 18.4 10.8 20.7 20.2
#8
36 22.0 18.0 20.4 12.0 23.0 22.4
24 22.8 18.6 21.2 13.8 23.8 25.9
#10
32 31.7 25.9 29.3 19.2 33.1 34.9
Standard Dry Torque in Inch-Pounds
Bolt Size Threads
Inches or # Per Inch 18-8 Silicon 2024-T4 316
Brass Monel
Stainless Steel Bronze Aluminum Stainless Steel
20 75.2 61.5 68.8 45.6 78.8 85.3
1/4
28 94.0 77.0 87.0 57.0 99.0 106.0
5/16 18 132 107 123 80 138 149
24 142 116 131 86 147 160
16 236 192 219 143 247 266
3/8
24 259 212 240 157 271 294
14 376 317 349 228 393 427
7/16
20 400 327 371 242 418 451
13 517 422 480 313 542 584
1/2
20 541 443 502 328 565 613
Standard Dry Torque in Inch-Pounds
Bolt Size Threads
Inches or # Per Inch 18-8 Silicon 2024-T4 316
Brass Monel
Stainless Steel Bronze Aluminum Stainless Steel
12 682 558 632 413 713 774
9/16
18 752 615 697 456 787 855
11 1110 907 1030 715 1160 1330
5/8
18 1244 1016 1154 798 1301 1482
10 1530 1249 1416 980 1582 1832
3/4
16 1490 1220 1382 958 1558 1790
9 2328 1905 2140 1495 2430 2775
7/8
14 2318 1895 2130 1490 2420 2755
8 3440 2815 3185 2205 3595 4130
1
14 3110 2545 2885 1995 3250 3730
Standard Dry Torque in Foot-Pounds
Bolt Size Threads
Inches or # Per Inch 18-8 Silicon 2024-T4 316
Brass Monel
Stainless Steel Bronze Aluminum Stainless Steel
7 413 337 383 265 432 499
1 1/8
12 390 318 361 251 408 470
7 523 428 485 336 546 627
1 1/4
12 480 394 447 308 504 575
6 888 727 822 570 930 1064
1 1/2
12 703 575 651 450 732 840
Allen Heads, Brass, & Bronze Bolts
Torque Specifications
Standard Dry Torque in Foot-Pounds
Bolt Size Coarse Threads Allen Head
Machine Screw Machine Screw
Inches or # Per Inch 160,000 psi
60,000 psi 70,000 psi
High Carbon
Yellow Brass Silicone Bronze
CaseH Steel
#2 56 ... 2 in lb. 2.3 in lb.
#3 48 ... 3.3 in lb. 3.7 in lb.
#4 40 ... 4.4 in lb. 4.0 in lb.
#5 40 ... 6.4 in lb. 7.2 in lb.
#6 32 21 8 in lb. 10 in lb.
#8 32 46 16 in lb. 19 in lb.
#10 24 60 20 in lb. 22 in lb.
1/4 20 16 65 in lb. 70 in lb.
5/16 18 33 110 in lb. 125 in lb.
3/8 16 54 17 20
7/16 14 84 27 30
1/2 13 125 37 41
9/16 12 180 49 53
5/8 11 250 78 88
3/4 10 400 104 117
7/8 9 640 160 180
1 8 970 215 250
1-1/8 7 1520 325 365
1-1/4 7 2130 400 450
1-3/8 6 2850 ... ...
1-1/2 6 3450 595 655
1-5/8 6 4700 ... ...
1-3/4 5 6100 ... ...
1-7/8 5 8200 ... ...
2 4-1/2 8800 ... ...
Whitworth Steel Bolts
Torque Specifications
Standard Dry Torque in Foot-Pounds
Bolt Coarse
Grades A & B Grade S Grade T Grade V
Size Threads
62,720 psi 112,000 psi 123,200 psi 145,600 psi
Inches Per Inch
Med Carbon Med Carbon Med Carbon Med Carbon
Steel Steel Steel Steel
1/4 20 5 7 9 10
5/16 18 9 15 18 21
3/8 16 15 27 31 36
7/16 14 24 43 51 58
1/2 12 36 64 79 89
9/16 12 52 94 111 128
5/8 11 73 128 155 175
3/4 11 118 213 259 287
7/8 9 186 322 407 459
1 8 276 497 611 693
Bolt Torque Chart
Quick Links
Download Print Version
Tension vs. Torque Explained
Concerns Calculating Torque
Suggested Starting Values
The below estimated torque calculations are only offered as a guide. Use of its content by
anyone is the sole responsibility of that person and they assume all risk. Due to many
variables that affect the torque-tension relationship like human error, surface texture,
and lubrication the only way to determine the correct torque is through experimentation
under actual joint and assembly conditions.
ASTM A307
Proof Clamp
Bolt Size TPI Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Waxed Galv Plain
1/4 20 1145 859 2 4 4
5/16 18 1886 1415 4 9 7
3/8 16 2790 2093 7 16 13
7/16 14 3827 2870 10 26 21
1/2 13 5108 3831 16 40 32
9/16 12 6552 4914 23 58 46
5/8 11 8136 6102 32 79 64
3/4 10 12024 9018 56 141 113
7/8 9 15200 11400 83 208 166
1 8 20000 15000 125 313 250
1 1/8 7 25200 18900 177 443 354
1 1/4 7 32000 24000 250 625 500
1 3/8 6 38100 28575 327 819 655
1 1/2 6 46400 34800 435 1088 870
1 3/4 5 68400 51300 748 1870 1496
2 4 1/2 90000 67500 1125 2813 2250
2 1/4 4 1/2 117000 87750 1645 4113 3291
2 1/2 4 144000 108000 2250 5625 4500
2 3/4 4 177480 133110 3050 7626 6101
3 4 214920 161190 4030 10074 8060
3 1/4 4 255600 191700 5192 12980 10384
3 1/2 4 299880 224910 6560 16400 13120
3 3/4 4 347760 260820 8151 20377 16301
4 4 398880 299160 9972 24930 19944
SAE GRADE 2
Proof Clamp
Bolt Size TPI Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Waxed Galv Plain
1/4 20 1750 1313 3 7 5
5/16 18 2900 2175 6 14 11
3/8 16 4250 3188 10 25 20
7/16 14 5850 4388 16 40 32
1/2 13 7800 5850 24 61 49
9/16 12 10000 7500 35 88 70
5/8 11 12400 9300 48 121 97
3/4 10 18400 13800 86 216 173
7/8 9 15200 11400 83 208 166
1 8 20000 15000 125 313 250
1 1/8 7 25200 18900 177 443 354
1 1/4 7 32000 24000 250 625 500
1 3/8 6 38100 28575 327 819 655
1 1/2 6 46400 34800 435 1088 870
ASTM A325
Tension Tightening Torque Range (ft lbs) (Min - Max)
Bolt Size TPI
Min Max Plain Galv Waxed
1/2 13 12000 14000 100 - 117 125 - 146 50 - 58
5/8 11 19000 23000 198 - 240 247 - 299 99 - 120
3/4 10 28000 34000 350 - 425 438 - 531 175 - 213
7/8 9 39000 47000 569 - 685 711 - 857 284 - 343
Tension Tightening Torque Range (ft lbs) (Min - Max)
Bolt Size TPI
Min Max Plain Galv Waxed
1 8 51000 61000 850 - 1017 1063 - 1271 425 - 508
1-1/8 7 56000 67000 1050 - 1256 1313 - 1570 525 - 625
1-1/4 7 71000 85000 1479 - 1771 1849 - 2214 740 - 885
1-3/8 6 85000 102000 1948 - 2338 2435 - 2922 974 - 1169
1-1/2 6 103000 124000 2575 - 3100 3219 - 3875 1288 - 1550
ASTM A449 / SAE GRADE 5
Proof Clamp
Bolt Size TPI Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Waxed Galv Plain
1/4 20 2700 2025 4 11 8
5/16 18 4450 3338 9 22 17
3/8 16 6600 4950 15 39 31
7/16 14 9050 6788 25 62 49
1/2 13 12050 9038 38 94 75
9/16 12 15450 11588 54 136 109
5/8 11 19200 14400 75 188 150
3/4 10 28400 21300 133 333 266
7/8 9 39250 29438 215 537 429
1 8 51500 38625 322 805 644
1 1/8 7 56450 42338 397 992 794
1 1/4 7 71700 53775 560 1400 1120
1 3/8 6 85450 64088 734 1836 1469
1 1/2 6 104000 78000 975 2438 1950
1 3/4 5 104500 78375 1143 2857 2286
2 4 1/2 137500 103125 1719 4297 3438
2 1/4 4 1/2 178750 134063 2514 6284 5027
2 1/2 4 220000 165000 3438 8594 6875
2 3/4 4 271150 203363 4660 11651 9321
3 4 328350 246263 6157 15391 12313
ASTM A193 B7
Proof Clamp
Bolt Size TPI Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Waxed Galv Plain
1/4 20 3350 2513 5 13 10
5/16 18 5500 4125 11 27 21
3/8 16 8150 6113 19 48 38
7/16 14 11150 8363 30 76 61
1/2 13 14900 11175 47 116 93
9/16 12 19100 14325 67 168 134
5/8 11 23750 17813 93 232 186
3/4 10 35050 26288 164 411 329
7/8 9 48500 36375 265 663 530
1 8 63650 47738 398 995 796
1 1/8 7 80100 60075 563 1408 1126
1 1/4 7 101750 76313 795 1987 1590
1 3/8 6 121300 90975 1042 2606 2085
1 1/2 6 147550 110663 1383 3458 2767
1 3/4 5 199500 149625 2182 5455 4364
2 4 1/2 262500 196875 3281 8203 6563
2 1/4 4 1/2 341250 255938 4799 11997 9598
2 1/2 4 420000 315000 6563 16406 13125
2 3/4 4 468500 351263 8050 20124 16100
3 4 567150 425363 10634 26585 21268
3 1/4 4 674500 505875 13701 34252 27402
3 1/2 4 791350 593513 17311 43277 34622
3 3/4 4 917700 688275 21509 53771 43017
4 4 1052600 789450 26315 65788 52630
ASTM A490
Tension (lbs) Tightening Torque Range (ft lbs) (Min - Max)
Bolt Size TPI
Min Max Plain Lubricated
1/2 13 15000 18000 125 - 150 63 - 75
5/8 11 24000 29000 250 - 302 125 - 151
3/4 10 35000 42000 438 - 525 219 - 263
7/8 9 49000 59000 715 - 860 357 - 430
1 8 64000 77000 1067 - 1283 533 - 642
1-1/8 7 80000 96000 1500 - 1800 750 - 900
1-1/4 7 102000 122000 2125 - 2542 1063 - 1271
1-3/8 6 121000 145000 2773 - 3323 1386 - 1661
1-1/2 6 148000 178000 3700 - 4450 1850 - 2225
ASTM A354-BD / SAE GRADE 8
Proof Clamp
Bolt Size TPI Tightening Torque (ft lbs)
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Lubricated Plain
1/4 20 3800 2850 6 12
5/16 18 6300 4725 12 25
3/8 16 9300 6975 22 44
7/16 14 12750 9563 35 70
1/2 13 17050 12788 53 107
9/16 12 21850 16388 77 154
5/8 11 27100 20325 106 212
3/4 10 40100 30075 188 376
7/8 9 55450 41588 303 606
1 8 72700 54525 454 909
1 1/8 7 91550 68663 644 1287
1 1/4 7 120000 90000 938 1875
1 3/8 6 138600 103950 1191 2382
1 1/2 6 168600 126450 1581 3161
1 3/4 5 228000 171000 2494 4988
2 4 1/2 300000 225000 3750 7500
2 1/4 4 1/2 390000 292500 5484 10969
2 1/2 4 480000 360000 7500 15000
2 3/4 4 517650 388238 8897 17794
3 4 626850 470138 11753 23507
3 1/4 4 745500 559125 15143 30286
3 1/2 4 874650 655988 19133 38266
3 3/4 4 1014300 760725 23773 47545
4 4 1163400 872550 29085 58100
Notes:
1. Values calculated using industry accepted formula T = KDP where T = Torque, K =
torque coefficient (dimensionless), D = nominal diameter (inches), P = bolt clamp load,
lb.
2. K values: waxed (e.g. pressure wax as supplied on high strength nuts) = .10, hot dip
galvanized = .25, and plain non-plated bolts (as received) = .20.
3. Torque has been converted into ft/lbs by dividing the result of the formula by 12
4. All calculations are for Coarse Thread Series (UNC).
5. Grade 2 calculations only cover fasteners 1/4"-3/4" in diameter up to 6" long; for longer
fasteners the torque is reduced significantly.
6. Clamp loads are based on 75% of the minimum proof loads for each grade and size.
7. Proof load, stress area, yield strength, and other data is based on IFI 7th Edition (2003)
Technical Data N-68, SAE J429, ASTM A307, A325, A354, A449, and A490.
