Trial Examination 2016
Name : ________________________________ Year : _______
BIOLOGY (Paper 4) 0610 1 Hour 15 Minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue
or black pen.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate
units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 80
This document consists of 15 printed pages.
2
1 Three plants were grown to study the effects of nitrate and magnesium ion deficiency on
their development. They were kept in the same conditions, except for the types of minerals
supplied.
Plant A was provided with all essential minerals.
Plant B was given all minerals except nitrate ions.
Plant C was given all minerals except magnesium ions.
Fig. 1.1 shows the plants a few weeks later.
normal,
healthy
leaf
pale
green
leaf
yellow leaf
yellow,
dead leaf
A B C
Fig. 1.1
3
(a) State three conditions, other than water and the concentration of mineral ions, that
would need to be kept the same for all the plants, in order to make the investigation a
fair test.
1.
2.
3. [3]
(b) Describe and explain the effect on plant growth of
(i) a deficiency of nitrate ions on plant B;;
description
explanation
[4]
(ii) a deficiency of magnesium ions on plant C.
description
explanation
[2]
4
(c) A farmer tested the soil in a field and found that there was a high nitrate ion
concentration.
The farmer then grew a crop in this field.
After the crop was removed, the soil was tested again. The nitrate ion concentration
had decreased.
(i) Suggest two reasons why the nitrate ion concentration had decreased.
1.
2. [2]
(ii) Describe two methods the farmer could use to improve the nitrate ion concentration
in the soil.
1.
2.
[2]
(d) Some species of plant grow well in soil that is always low in nitrate ions.
Explain how they can obtain a source of nitrogen compounds.
[3]
[Total: 16]
5
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a section through the eye with a ray of light passing through it and four
muscles labelled A, B, C and D.
light
B
A
D C
Fig. 2.1
(a) Complete the table.
part name of muscle effect of contraction
allows the lens to become fatter for
A
focusing on close objects
B iris circular muscle
[2]
6
Muscles C and D are voluntary muscles that are antagonistic. They are attached to the eye
socket of the skull.
(b) (i) Explain the terms voluntary and antagonistic.
voluntary
antagonistic
[2]
(ii) Suggest the effect on the eye when muscle C contracts.
[1]
(iii) Explain how the eye would return to its original position after this contraction.
[2]
7
(c) Light passes through parts of the eye to reach the retina.
Complete the flow chart by putting the following terms in the boxes to show the correct
order that the light passes through them.
aqueous cornea lens pupil vitreous
humour humour
retina
[2]
(d) The retina contains rods and cones.
Complete the table to distinguish between rods and cones.
type of light detected distribution in the retina
rods
cones
[4]
[Total: 13]
8
3 Fig. 3.1 shows structures in the human thorax.
Fig. 3.1
(a) Complete the table by identifying parts A, B and C and describing their roles in
breathing in.
part name role in breathing in
[6]
9
Fig. 3.2 shows some cells from the lining of the bronchus.
Fig. 3.2
(b) (i) Explain how these cells help to keep the bronchus free from dust and bacteria.
[4]
(ii) Describe how the actions of these cells would be affected by one named
compound of tobacco smoke.
[2]
[Total: 12]
10
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a transverse section through an Ammophila leaf. This plant has very long roots.
Fig. 4.2 shows a cactus plant.
Both plants live in very dry conditions.
spines
green,
fleshy
stem
x 50 x 0.5
Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2
(a) Suggest how each of the following adaptations would enable the named plant to survive
in very dry conditions.
(i) Ammophila
1. rolled leaves with stomata on the inside of the leaf
[2]
2. thick waxy cuticle on the outside of the leaf
[1]
11
(ii) Cactus
1. very long roots
[1]
2. fleshy green stem
[2]
(b) Suggest why having only a few, very small leaves could be a disadvantage to a plant.
[2]
(c) Water is involved in a number of processes in plants.
Complete the table by
(i) naming the processes described;;
(ii) stating one variable that, if increased, would speed up the process.
variable that, if increased, would
description of process name of process
speed up the process
absorption of water
from the soil
using water to form
glucose
movement of water
vapour out of leaves
[6]
[Total: 14]
12
5 Fig. 5.1 shows stages in the formation of a human fetus.
amniotic
amniotic fluid
sac
sperm cell
egg cell
fertilised ball of
egg cell cells fetus
Fig. 5.1
(a) (i) Name the process of cell division that results in the formation of sperm cells.
[1]
(ii) State one way in which the sperm cell is different from cells in the developing fetus.
[1]
(iii) State the term used to describe the fertilised egg cell.
[1]
(iv) Explain what determines that a fertilised egg cell develops into a girl rather than a
boy.
[1]
(b) State where each of the following is produced.
(i) the egg cell
(ii) the fertilised egg
(iii) the fetus [3]
13
(c) The fetus is surrounded by amniotic fluid and an amniotic sac.
State their functions.
amniotic fluid
amniotic sac
[2]
(d) (i) Outline the role of the placenta in the development of the fetus.
[4]
(ii) Describe the role of the placenta in maintaining pregnancy.
[2]
[Total: 15]
14
6 The Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis, is a native of America.
A flock of 20 birds was introduced into Britain from America before 1950.
The original flock settled quickly in their new habitat and started breeding. Numbers now
exceed 6000.
The White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala, (a native of Spain) is a closely related
species to the Ruddy duck.
Female White-headed ducks are more attracted to male Ruddy ducks than to males of their
own species.
Cross-breeding between the two species produces a new variety of fertile duck.
The White-headed duck is now threatened with extinction.
Some conservationists are considering a plan to kill the British population of Ruddy ducks to
prevent the White-headed duck becoming extinct.
Fig. 6.1 shows a male Ruddy duck.
Fig. 6.1
(a) State two features, visible in Fig. 6.1, that distinguish birds, such as the Ruddy duck,
from other vertebrate groups.
2 [2]
(b) (i) With reference to an example from the passage, describe what is meant by the
term binomial system.
[2]
(ii) State two reasons, based on information in the passage, why the Ruddy duck and
White-headed duck are considered to be closely related.
[2]
15
(c) (i) Explain why Ruddy ducks would not become extinct, even if British
conservationists carried out their plan.
[1]
(ii) Suggest one factor, other than the breeding habits of the Ruddy duck, that could
result in the extinction of a bird such as the White-headed duck.
[1]
(d) The Ruddy duck feeds on seeds and insect larvae. The ducks are eaten by foxes and
humans.
Explain why these feeding relationships can be displayed in a food web, but not in a
food chain.
[2]
[Total: 10]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
