First Homecoming

(1887-1888)
Rizal’s plans of coming back home
• As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the Philippines for the following reasons:
• – Financial difficulties in Calamba
• – Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home.
• – His belief that the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent.
Decision to return home
• After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to the Philippines.
• However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines because his Noli
Me Tangere angered the friars:
Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother.
Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia.
Jose Ma. Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
• Rizal was determined to come back to the
Philippines for the following reasons:
– To operate his mother’s eyes
– To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants.
– To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were
affecting Filipinos and Spaniards.
– To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.

Rizal arrives in Manila

• Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French port and boarded Djemnah, the same steamer
that brought him to Europe five years ago.
• There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen,
and 1 Filipino (Rizal)
• In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, that
brought him to Manila.

Happy Homecoming
• When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that he was a:
– German spy
– An agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany.
– A Protestant
– A Mason
– A soul halfway to damnation

In Calamba
• Rizal established a medical clinic.
• Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first patient
Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from Germany.
• Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for the young people.
• He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and
gambling.
 Sad Moments in Calamba
Leonor Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go because
Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law.
Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of child birth.

Storm over Noli Me Tangere

• Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang Palace.
– Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive ideas.
– Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas.
– He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the book, he asked for a copy of the
novel.

Rizal revisited the Jesuits

• Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel.
• He was gladly welcomed by the following friars:
– Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
– Fr. Jose Bech
– Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth and warned him that
he may lose his head because of it.

Jose Taviel de Andrade

• A young Spanish lieutenant who came from a noble family
• He was cultured and knew painting
• He could speak French, English and Spanish.

Attackers of the Noli

• Archbishop Pedro Payo
– a Dominican
– Archbishop of Manila
– Sent a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echavarria, Rector of the University of Santo Tomas
to examine the novel.
• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report of the Dominicans so he sent the
novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers.
• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the commission.
– The group found that the novel contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and
recommended that the importation, reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the
islands be absolutely prohibited.
• The newspaper published Font’s written report
• The banning of the Noli Me Tangere served to make it popular
• The masses supported the book.
• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe
– Published a series of eight pamphlets under the heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast
the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings.
– Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after Mass.
– Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease the friars.
• The novel was fiercely attacked in the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes.
 • Senators:
– General Jose de Salamanca
– General Luis de Pando
– Sr. Fernando Vida
• Vicente Barantes – Spanish academician of
Madrid who formerly occupied high government position in the Philippines bitterly criticized the
novel in an article published in the Madrid newspaper, La España Moderna.

Rizal in Manila
 5 August 1887
At 9:00 o’clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five years of study and patriotic
labors in Europe.
 18 August 1887
In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of
Sto. Thomas, that an information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a Commission
composed of University professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo
Fernandez Arias.
 30 August 1887
He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere which
caused torment among the friars in the Philippines. Governor-General Terrero asked him for a
copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one.
– On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon the
order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an order prohibiting the possession and reading of the
Noli Me Tangere.
 September 1887
Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage
while giving birth. His father did not permit him to go out alone and eat in the house of his
relatives.
 19 October 1887
Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose
Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the Governor-General Terrero to
protect him, during an excursion to Los Baños. This drawing was sent to Blumentritt.
 29 Decmber 1887
The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment absolutely
prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the recommendation
of the Governor-General, Father Font said: "…Aside of attacking so directly, as you have seen
your Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and respectable persons for their official
character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and doctrines; and the general synthesis of the
same is to inspire among the loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands,
profound,and furious hate to the mother country…"
 3 February 1888
Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, left Manila for Hongkong, bringing
with him P5,000 which he earned from his medical practice.
FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)

9:13 AM 6 comments
-Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars,
Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose
M. Cecilio) and other friends not to return home.
-Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons: (1) to operate on his
mother’s eyes (2) to serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants (3) to find
out for himself how Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the
Philippines and (4) to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent
· July 29, 1887- Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming, “on the 15th of July, I
shall
embark for our country, so that from the 15th to the 30th of August, we shall see each other”

DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA

-Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port, which he reached without mishap.
· July 3, 1887-Rizal boarded the steamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to
Europe 5
years ago
· July 30, 1887-at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another steamer, Haiphong, which was Manila-
bounded
· August 2, 1887- the steamer left Saigon for Manila

ARRIVAL IN MANILA
· August 3, 1887- the moon was full and Rizal slept soundly the whole night. The calm sea,
illuminated by the silvery moonlight, was a magnificent sight to him
· Near midnight of August 5, 1887 , the Haiphong arrived in Manila

HAPPY HOMECOMING
· August 8, 1887- Rizal returned to Calamba
· In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was
almost blind.
· Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Germany, treated their
ailments
and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice
· Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European sports
· Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in Calamba—his failure to see
Leonor Rivera
Rizal First Homecoming

1. 1. Rizal’s FirstRizal’s First HomecomingHomecoming (1887-1888)(1887-1888) Presented by: Abas

S. Acmad Daryl Tanguan Group 2
2. 2. Rizal’s plans of coming back home • As early as 1884, Rizal wanted to go back to the
Philippines for the following reasons: – Financial difficulties in Calamba – Dissatisfaction with his
studies in Madrid – Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home. – His belief that
the Spanish regime will not punish the innocent.
3. 3. Decision to return home • After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned
to the Philippines. • However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines
because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars: – Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only
brother. – Silvestre Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia. – Jose Ma. Cecilio
(Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
4. 4. • Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the following reasons: – To
operate his mother’s eyes – To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish
tyrants. – To find out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were affecting
Filipinos and Spaniards. – To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
5. 5. Rizal arrives in ManilaRizal arrives in Manila • Rizal left Rome by train to Marseilles, a French
port and boarded Djemnah, the same steamer that brought him to Europe five years ago. •
There were 50 passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40 Frenchmen, and
1 Filipino (Rizal) • When the ship reached Aden, the weather became rough and some of Rizal’s
book got wet. • In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another steamer,
Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.
6. 6. Happy HomecomingHappy Homecoming • When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread that
he was a: – German spy – An agent of Otto Von Bismarck – the liberator of Germany. – A
Protestant – A Mason – A soul halfway to damnation • Paciano – did not leave him during the
first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy assault. • Don Francisco – did not permit
him to go out alone
7. 7. In CalambaIn Calamba • Rizal established a medical clinic. • Doña Teodora – was Rizal’s first
patient • Rizal treated her eyes but could not perform any surgical operation because her
cataracts were not yet ripe. • He painted several beautiful landscapes in Calamba. • He
translated German poems of Von Wildernath in Tagalog.
8. 8. • Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came from Germany. – He earned
P900 in a few months and P5,000 before he left the Philippines. • Gymnasium – was opened by
Rizal for the young people • He introduced European sports fencing and shooting to discourage
them from cockfighting and gambling.
9. 9. Sad moments while Rizal was inSad moments while Rizal was in CalambaCalamba • Leonor
Rivera – Rizal tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go because Leonor’s
mother did not like him for a son-in- law. • Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of child
birth.
10. 10. Storm over the Noli Me TangereStorm over the Noli Me Tangere • As Rizal was peacefully
living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom. • Governor General Emilio Terrero – wrote to
Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang Palace. – Somebody had whispered to his ear that the
Noli contains subversive ideas. – Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but
did not advocate subversive ideas. – He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about
the book, he asked for a copy of the novel. – Rizal had no copy that time but promised to send
one for him.
11. 11. Rizal visited the Jesuits • Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the
novel. • He was gladly welcomed by the following friars: – Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Fr.
Jose Bech – Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in the novel was the truth and warned
him that he may lose his head because of it.
12. 12. • Governor-General Emilio Terrero – a liberal minded Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s life
was in jeopardy because the friars were powerful. – Because of this he gave Rizal a bodyguard to
protect him.
13. 13. Jose Taviel de AndradeJose Taviel de Andrade • A young Spanish lieutenant who came from
a noble family • He was cultured and knew painting • He could speak French, English and
Spanish. • They became good friends.
14. 14. Attackers of the NoliAttackers of the Noli • Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican •
Archbishop of Manila • Sent a copy of the Noli to Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the
University of Santo Tomas to examine the novel.
15. 15. UST and RizalUST and Rizal • The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere were
composed of Dominican professors. • The report of the faculty members from UST about the
Noli states that the novel was: – Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious orders, and
anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic order, injurious to the government of Spain and its function in
the Philippine Islands in the political order.
16. 16. • Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report so he sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of Censorship which was composed of priests and lawyers. • Fr.
Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the head of the commission. – The group
found that the novel contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and recommended
that the importation, reproduction and circulation of the pernicious book in the islands be
absolutely prohibited.
17. 17. • The newspaper published Font’s written report • The banning of the Noli Me Tangere
served to make it popular • The masses supported the book.
18. 18. • Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe – Published a series of eight pamphlets
under the heading Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish
writing. – Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold after mass – Many Filipinos were forced to
buy them in order not to displease the friars.
19. 19. Noli Me Tangere in SpainNoli Me Tangere in Spain • The novel was fiercely attacked in the
session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes. • Senators: – General Jose de Salamanca –
General Luis de Pando – Sr. Fernando Vida • Vicente Barantes – Spanish academician of Madrid
who formerly occupied high government position in the Philippines bitterly criticized the novel
in an article published in the Madrid newspaper, La España Moderna.
20. 20. Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere • Propagandists such as Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano
Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli. •
Father Francisco de Paul Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo defended and praised the
novel in public. • Don Segismundo Moret – former Minister of the Crown. • Prof. Miguel
Morayta- historian and stateman • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Rizal’s best friend
21. 21. • Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia – a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila
Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis. – Under
the pen name Justo Desiderio Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel published in Singapore.
22. 22. • Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr. Garcia who defended
him unexpectedly. • He attacked Barantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine affairs and
mental dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. • Because of the interest of both
enemies and protectors of the Noli the price of the book increased from five pesetas per copy to
50 pesetas per copy.
23. 23. Agrarian Problem in CalambaAgrarian Problem in Calamba • Influenced by the novel,
Governor-General Emilio Terrero ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to
remedy whatever inequities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with
tenant relations. • One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba hacienda by the Dominican
order since 1883.
24. 24. • Upon hearing about the investigation, the people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to
gather facts and list the grievances so that the government might institute certain agrarian
reforms.
25. 25. Findings submitted by RizalFindings submitted by Rizal • The hacienda of the Dominican
Order comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but the whole town of Calamba. • The
profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of he
rentals paid by the tenants. • The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the
celebration of the town fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of
agriculture.
26. 26. • Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for
flimsy reasons • High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed payment
of rentals • When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the
work animals, tools, and farm implements of the tenants.
27. 27. Friars ReactionFriars Reaction • Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable condition angered the
friars. • The friars exerted pressure to Malacañang to eliminate Rizal. • They asked Gov. Gen.
Terrero to deport Rizal but the latter refused for there is lack of charges against Rizal in court. •
Anonymous threats in Rizal’s life alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade his bodyguard, friends,
and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to leave the country.
28. 28. Rizal’s reasons for leaving theRizal’s reasons for leaving the PhilippinesPhilippines • His
presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends. • He
could not fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing
in foreign countries.
29. 29. Himno Al TrabajoHimno Al Trabajo • A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he
was asked by a friend to write a poem in commemoration of the town’s cityhood. • Himno Al
Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of the poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.
30. 30. Farewell Philippines • On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart. • But
this is for his own good and the safety of his family and friends.
Silvestre Ubaldo

Findings submitted by Rizal

 Few weeks after his arrival, Rizal received a letter from Governor General Emelio Terrero requesting him
to come to Malacañang Palace. When Governor General Terrero informed him of the charge, he denied it,
explaining that he merely exposed the truth, but the did not advocate subversive ideas.
 Gov. Gen. Terrero was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about his book and he asked the author
to have a copy of the Noli so that he could read it.

Mariano Ponce

Father Jose Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, published a series of eight

pamphlets under the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of
Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings.

 July 3, 1887 – He boarded the streamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to Europe five
years ago.
 There were about 50 passengers including 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese,
manyFrenchmen and 1 Filipino (Rizal).
 Rizal was the only one among the passengers who could speak many languages, so that he acted as
interpreter for his companions.

He was determined to return to the Philippines for the following reasons:

Because of the publication of the Noli

Me Tangere and the uproar it caused

among the friars, Rizal was warned by

 Paciano (his brother),

 Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law),
 Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio),
 and other friends to return home.

Himno Al Trabajo

Rizal and Taviel Andrade

Defenders Contd.
On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his country with a heavy heart.

But this is for his own good and the safety of his family and friends.

Attackers of Noli

Happy Homecoming

What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Andrade were:

Antonio Ma. Regidor

Paciano

Presented by: Group 5

Decision to Return Home

Delightful Trip to Manila

Graciano Lopez Jaena

1. Porque no los he des leer? (Why should I not read them?).

2. Guardaos de ellos. Porque? (Beware of them. Why?).

3. Y-que me dice usted de la peste? (And what can you tell me of Plague?)

4. Por que triunfan los impios? (Why do the impious triumph?).

5. Cree usted que de versa no hay purgatorio? (Do you think there is really no purgatory?).

6. Hay o no hay infierno? (Is there or is there no hell?).

7. Que le parece austed de esos libelos? (What do you think of these libels?).

8. Confesion o condenacion?(Confession or Damnation?).

 He was called “Doctor Ulliman” because he came from Germany.


 Within a few months he was able to earn P900 as a physician. By February, 1888, he earned a total of
P5000 as medical fees. Rizal did not selfishly devote all his time to enriching himself. He opened a
gymnasium for young folks and introduced European sports.
 
 He failed to see Leonora Rivera. Leonora’s mother did not like him to be son in-law.

Contd.

Governor General Terrero and LieutenantTaviel de Andrade

 The death of his older sister, Olimpia

 The groundless tales circulated by his enenmies that he was “a German spy, a protestant, a mason and a
witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc.

Father Sanchez Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo, defended and praised it in

public.

Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines

Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo and Father Rector Gregorio

Echavarria

On August 5, the Haiphong arrived in Manila. He stayed in the city for a short time. He found Manila the same as
when he left it 5 years ago.

Chapter 10: Rizal's First Homecoming, 1887-88

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

Arrival in Manila

June 29, 1887- In Rome, Rizal wrote to his father announcing his homecoming.

Jose Cecillo "Chenggoy"

 On August 8, he returned to Calamba. His family welcomed him affectionally, with plentiful tears of joys.
His family became worried about his safety. Paciano did not leave him to protect him from any enemy
assault.
 In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
 News of the arrival of a great doctor from Germany spread far and wide. Patients from manila and other
province flocked to Calamba.

The Old Rizal's House in Calamba

Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian Cura of Tondo

  His presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family and friends.
 He could not fight better his enemies and serve his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in
foreign countries.

 The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but the whole town
of Calamba.
 The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of he rentals
paid by the tenants.
 The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town fiesta, for the
education of the children, and for the improvement of agriculture.
 Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy reasons
 High rates of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals
 When the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and
farm implements of the tenants.

Defenders of Noli

Father Font printed his report and distributed copies of it in order to discredit
the controversial novel.

Introduction

Storm Over Noli

Farewell Philippines

Permanent Commission of Censorship

Eight Pamphlets

 Rizal had no copy then because the only copy that he brought home was given to a friend. But he
promised to secure one for the General. Fortunately, Rizal found a copy and gave it to General Terrero. He
knew that Rizal’s life was jeopardy because the friars were powerful. For security measures he assigned a
young Spanish lieutenant Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal.

Governor General Terrero was dissatisfied with the report of he Dominicans. He

sent the novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship. The report of this
commission was drafted by its head, Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian Cura of
Tondo, & submitted to Governor General on Dec. 29. It found the novel to
contain Subversive ideas against the church and Spain and recommended “that
the importation, reproduction and circulation of this pernicious book in the
island be absolutely prohibited”.

 to operates on his mother’s eye’s.

 to serve his people who had long been oppressed by the Spanish tyrants.
 to find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affecting the Filipinos and Spaniards in the
Philippines.
 to inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.

 A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write a poem in
commemoration of the town’s cityhood.
 Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn To Labor) – title of the poem dedicated to the industrious people of Lipa.

 All the alluring beauties of foreign countries and all the beautiful memories of his sojourn in alien lands
could neither make Rizal for his fatherland nor turn his back to his own nationality, he remained at heart a
true Filipino with an unquenchable love for the Philippines and an unshakable determination to die in the
land of his birth.

Calamba Hacienda

 But Rizal’s enemies were powerful. The Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo sent a copy of the
Noli to Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University of Santo Tomas for examination by a
committee of the faculty.
 The report of the faculty members of UST stated that the Noli was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in
the religious order, and antipatriotic, subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain
and its f unction in the Philippine Island in the political order”.