Scribd
Upload
211 views2 pages

Nursing Theory: Expanding Consciousness

Margaret Newman is a nursing theorist who developed the theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Some key points of the theory are: 1. Health is considered an expansion of consciousness rather than the absence of disease or illness. 2. People are viewed as centers of consciousness within an overall pattern of expanding consciousness. 3. Nursing is described as a partnership between nurse and patient to help both grow in higher levels of consciousness.

Uploaded by

candy perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
211 views2 pages

Nursing Theory: Expanding Consciousness

Margaret Newman is a nursing theorist who developed the theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Some key points of the theory are: 1. Health is considered an expansion of consciousness rather than the absence of disease or illness. 2. People are viewed as centers of consciousness within an overall pattern of expanding consciousness. 3. Nursing is described as a partnership between nurse and patient to help both grow in higher levels of consciousness.

Uploaded by

candy perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Margaret Newman

Health As Expanding Consciousness

BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST

Born on October 10, 1933. Bachelor’s degree University of Tennessee in 1962 Master’s degree -
University of California in 1964 Doctorate - New York University in 1971 She has worked in - University
of Tennessee, New York University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Minnesota, University of
Minnesota

ASSUMPTIONS

1. Health encompasses conditions heretofore described as illness, or, in medical terms, pathology
2. These pathological conditions can be considered a manifestation of the total pattern of the
individual
3. 3.The pattern of the individual that eventually manifests itself as pathology is primary and exists
prior to structural or functional changes
4. Removal of the pathology in itself will not change the pattern of the individual
5. If becoming ill is the only way an individual's pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for
that person
6. Health is an expansion of consciousness. Minnesota

NURSING METAPARADIGMS

HEALTH

 Health and illness are synthesized as health - the fusion on one state of being (disease) with its
opposite (nondisease) results in what can be regarded as health.
 NURSING
 Nursing is “caring in the human health experience”.
 Nursing is seen as a partnership between the nurse and client, with both grow in the “sense of
higher levels of consciousness”

PERSON

 The human is unitary, that is cannot be divided into parts, and is inseparable from the larger
unitary field
 Persons as individuals, and human beings as a species are identified by their patterns of
consciousness.
 The person does not possess consciousness the person is consciousness”.
 Persons are “centers of consciousness” within an overall pattern of expanding consciousness”

ENVIRONMENT

 Environment is described as a “universe of open systems”

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

STRENGTHS

 Can be applied in any setting “


 Generates caring interventions ”

WEAKNESSES

 Abstract
 Multi - dimensional
 Qualitative
 Little discussion on environment

CRITIQUE

CLARITY

Semantic clarity is evident in the definitions, descriptions, and dimensions of the concepts of the
theory.

SIMPLICITY

 The deeper meaning of the theory of health as expending consciousness is complex.


 The theory as a whole must be understood, nut just the isolated concepts.

GENERALITY

 The theory has been applied in several different cultures


 It is applicable across the spectrum of nursing care situations.

EMPIRICAL PRECISION

Quantitative methods are inadequate in capturing the dynamic, changing nature of this theory.

DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES

 Newman's theory provides an evolving guide for all health-related disciplines.

Conclusion

 A grand theory of nursing


 Humans cannot be divided into parts
 Health is central to the theory and is seen and is seen as a process of developing awareness of
self and the environment
 Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person - environment interaction”

You might also like