I.

INTRODUCTION

Mothers are women who inhabit or perform the role of bearing some

relation to their children, who may or may not be their biological offspring.

Every delivery is as unique and individual as each mother and infant. In

addition, women may have completely different experiences with each new

labor and delivery. Giving birth is a life-changing event that will leave an

impression on you for the rest of your life. a normal spontaneous delivery

(NSD) occurs when a pregnant female does goes into labor without the use

of drugs or technique to induce labor, and delivers her baby in the normal

manner, without forceps, vacuum extraction or a cesarean section. It is the

recommended method of childbirth for those babies have reached full term. A

Spontaneous vaginal delivery is a vaginal delivery that happens on its own,

without requiring doctors to use tools to help pull the baby out. This occurs

after a pregnant woman goes through labor, which opens, or dilates her

cervix at least 10 centimeters. We all knew being a mother takes a lot of

courage and strength also Mothers hold their children's hands for a short

while but their hearts forever it also shows that a mother would love their

children unconditionally even if we forget about our mother still there is still

part of us that belongs to her.

1
 According to the Philippine Statistics Authority the latest number of live

birth are sixteen births per thousand population year 2017. The number of

registered live births showed a decreasing trend, noticeably from 2012 to

2017.

The decrease in the last five years was 5.0 percent, from 1,790,367 live

births in 2012 to 1,700,618 recorded births in 2017. (See Figure 1 and Table

1)

Several factors may contribute to the declining births, such as social change

or lifestyle choices associated by economic affluence. Based on the 2017

National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), the total fertility rate

declined steadily over time, from 4.1 children per woman in 1993 to 2.7

children per woman in 2017. More males (887,972 or 52.2%) were born than

2
females (812,646 or 47.8%) which resulted in a sex ratio of 109 males per

100 females.

On the average, there were about 4,659 babies born daily or about 194

babies born per hour or approximately three babies born per minute.

This study aims to give a chance to the nursing students where they

will be aware to the hospital setting and improve and enhance furthermore

their nursing skills such as to communicate, determine an individual's health

status through assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation

and to achieve it properly with the help of their beloved handsome and

beautiful clinical instructor and to learn and to gain knowledge because of the

exposure to the area also knowing some health-related issues that the

student nurse will intercede in giving holistic care and improving deficiency.

A. CLIENT PROFILE

NAME: Shirley Zara

AGE:30

ADDRESS: Montalban, Rizal

BIRTHDATE: October 30, 1989

RELIGION: CATHOLIC

ADMISSION DATE: November 17, 2019

3
ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS: G1 P0 Pregnancy Uterine 39 and 3 days weeks
AOG, Cephalic in Labor, Watery Vaginal Discharge.
FINAL DIAGNOSIS: G1P1 (1001) Pregnancy uterine term cephalic delivered
live boy, AS: 8.9 by normal spontaneous delivery with left mediolateral
episiotomy and repair under local anesthesia.

I. NURSING HISTORY

A. Chief Complaint

Chief Complaint: Watery Vaginal Discharge

The patient was rushed into the emergency room because she had a watery

vaginal discharge. As verbalized by the patient, her water broke by 7pm and

she was admitted to the hospital by 8:30pm. An hour and a half after her

water broke, the patient said she does not feel any pain upon her admission.

B. Present Health History

November 17 2019 a day prior to patient’s admission the patient stated that

her water broke already. The same day she was rushed in the hospital

though she didn’t complain any pain or contractions.

4
 C. Past Health History

Patient X experienced nervousness prior to admission. She is allergic to

eggs and chicken. She completed her pre-natal check-ups and she is

regularly taking her medications prescriptive by her doctor. She has a regular

menstruation, and she also experienced dysmenorrhea. She has no history

of bleeding and any discomforts on her pregnancy until she begun to labor

and delivered her first baby.

D. Menstrual History

The client had her menarche when she was 12 years old. Her menstruation

lasts 4-6 days and she changed napkin 3 times per day. And she doesn’t

experienced severe pain.

E. Sexual History

During the interview Mrs.Z told us that she does not have any vaginal

discharges or any sexual transmitted disease. We also asked her if she and

her husband are sexually active she stated that “ Hindi kami active ng asawa

ko sa ganyan”. Also she is not taking any contraceptives or pills.

5
 F. Obstetric History

Menarche: 12 yrs old

Intervals: Regular (28 days)

Duration: 4-6 days

Amount: 3 pads per day

Severity: N/A

For pregnant client: OB Score

G-1 T-1 P-0 A-0 L-1

LMP: 1-14-19

EDC: 11-21-19

AOG: 39 weeks AND 3 days

G. Gynaecologic History

H. Developmental History

I. Psychosocial History

Mrs S.Z is happily married to Mr E. Z last January 26, 2019. It was their

first baby that is why Mrs Z still adjusting in her living situation. Mrs Z

graduated Bachelor of Science in marketing. Before she become

6
unemployed she is an assistant project leader in DOST for the past 6yrs. Mrs

Z is a type of woman who is "prim and proper" her most commonly hobbies

are ; reading books, watching TV , scrolling through her phone and doing

some household chores. She loves to eat sweets; also she does not have

any vice.

III. Theoretical Framework

According to Sister Callista Roy A person is a bio-psycho-social being

that is in constant interaction with a changing environment for a person to

adapt to the changes one must react positively to environmental changes.

In the Four Major concept given by Sister Callista Roy Environment is

considered a stimulus that requires a person to adapt they can either positive

or negative. She even categorized the stimuli as focal stimuli or those

changes that confronts the human system and requires the most attention,

contextual stimuli or all circumstances or conditions that are present that

contributes to the effect of the focal stimuli and the residual stimuli where

their effects in the situation is unclear

7
In the model she had given four adaptive modes they are considered the

external process of the internal process or the manifestation of the two

subsystem the regulator and cognator mechanism.

The Physiological-Physical Mode

This process is involved with the basic needs to promote physiological

integrity (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest and protection)

Self-Concept Mode

This process deals with the persons belief and feeling about

him/herself.

Physical Self- Sees his own physical being

Personal Self- How one views his qualities

8
Role-Function

It involves the position of an individual in the society and her

behaviour associated with it.

Interdependence Mode

It is associated with the people whom an individual constantly interact

with and give and receive love, respect and value.

In This theory its stated that the stimuli or those situations, conditions

or circumstances are the underlying cause or factors contributing to a clients

behaviour. In this case the client has stated that it is her first pregnancy and

she is quite nervous bevause it will be a new experience for her though she

has shown a very positive adaptation to what is happening to her based on

the Self-concept mode she stated that there had been changes to her body

due to the pregnancy but she stated that it fine for her body shape to change

because it was the result of her pregnancy and believe that her body will

return to way before conceiving. The patients has a ver strong

Interdependence Mode she has stated that her family and the family of the

father of their baby are quite supportive and are just as excited of her giving

birth. Due to these the patient had reacted positively to the birth of their

baby.

9
VIRGINIA HENDERSON’S 14 NEED THEORY

The 14 components of Virginia Hendersons Need Theory shows a holistic

approach to nursing that covers the physiological, psychological, spiritual and

social needs. Wherein she has stated that the unique function of the nurse is

to assist and individual sick or well. This theory focuses on the importance of

increasing the patient’s independence to hasten their progress in the

hospital.

Physiological Components

 1. Breathe normally
 2. Eat and drink adequately
 3. Eliminate body wastes
 4. Move and maintain desirable postures
 5. Sleep and rest
 6. Select suitable clothes – dress and undress
 7. Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting
clothing and modifying environment

10
  8. Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect
the integument
 9. Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
Psychological Aspects of Communicating and Learning

 10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears,

or opinions.
 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal
development and health and use the available health facilities.
Spiritual and Moral

 11. Worship according to one’s faith

Sociologically Oriented to Occupation and Recreation

 12. Work in such a way that there is sense of accomplishment

 13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation

She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person),

supplementary (helping the person), complementary (working with the

person), with the goal of helping the person become as independent as

possible.

DOROTHEA OREM’S SELF CARE THEORY

This theory focuses on the ability of an individual to perform self-care

their practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own

behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being.

11
In her main concepts she has stated that the goal of nursing is to render the

patient or members of their family capable of meeting the patients self care

needs and the Person is defined as the material object of nurses who

receives the direct care.

This theory framework icludes the

Self-care- it is the practice of activities that individual nitiates and perform on

their own behalf in mintaining life, health and well being

Self care Agency- it is the human ability which is “ the ability for engaging in

self care”

Therapeutic self care demand- is the totality of self care ctions to be

performed for some duration in order to meet self care requisites

12
Self care requisites - action directed towards provision of self care.

3 categories of self care requisites are-

 Universal self care requisites

 Developmental self care requisites

 Health deviation self care requisites

1. Universal self care requisites

 Promotion of human functioning by maintaining the integrity of human

structure providing the basic needs.

2. Developmental self care requisites

 Associated with developmental processes/ derived from a condition or

associated with an event such as adjusting to body changes.

3. Health deviation self care

 Being aware of and attending to the effects and results of pathologic

conditions by effectively carrying out medically prescribed measures

and seeking medical assistance

13
The nursing system is a series of relations between the persons: legitimate

nurse and legitimate client. This is activated when the clients therapeutic self-

care demand exceeds available self-care agency.

Wholly Compensatory Nursing System

This is represented by a situation in which the individual is unable “to engage

in those self-care actions requiring self-directed and controlled ambulation

and manipulative movement or the medical prescription to refrain from such

activity”

Partial Compensatory Nursing System

This is represented by a situation in which “both nurse and perform care

measures or other actions involving manipulative tasks or ambulation. The

patient or the nurse may have a major role in the performance of care

measures.”

Partial Compensatory Nursing System

This is represented by a situation in which “both nurse and perform care

measures or other actions involving manipulative tasks or ambulation…

[Either] the patient or the nurse may have a major role in the performance of

care measures.”

14
 IV. Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Pattern

GORDDON’S

FUNCTIONAL BEFORE DURING NURSING

HEALTH PATTERN HOSPITALIZATION HOSPITALIZATION DIAGNOSIS

SUBJECTIVE: “Wala SUBJECTIVE:

Health naman po akong ‘Wala naman akong Mrs. S.Z.

Perception nararamdaman noon, nararamdaman perceives her

sa tingin ko okay ngayon, konting general health

naman po yung health kirot siguro pero has been good

ko.” normal lang kase and no

kakapanganak ko problems were

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi lang.” encountered

ko nasubukan during her

manigarilyo o kahit SUBJECTIVE: pregnancy.

anong bisyo.” “Okay naman na She goes to

ako kaya wala the doctor for

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi naman problema” her check-up

ko alam kung nasaan and she

na mga records ko OBJECTIVE: understands

pero kumpleto naman “The client looks more of her

15
ako sa bakuna.” well and is already condition when

ready to be the doctor

SUBJECTIVE: discharged” explains it to

“Project assistant her. She

Leader ako dati sa avoids vices

company namin. Hindi . such as

naman ako masyado cigarettes and

nahirapan dahil alcohol. She

masaya ako sa has taken the

ginagawa ko. ” medicines

given to her

SUBJECTIVE: after giving

“Minsan nahihirapan birth.

pero part na kase ‘yon

sa buhay pero

nagtutulungan naman

kami sa bahay kaya

nakakaraos naman.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi

kami gumagamit

masyado ng herbal

16
medicine, mga reseta

lang na gamot.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi

pa naman ako

nakaranas

naaksidente sa buong

buhay ko.”

SUBJECTIVE:

“Tuwing

nagkakasugat ako

mabilis naman

gumaling.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Pala

inom ako ng tubig,

hindi ko na hinihintay

mauhaw ako.”

SUBJECTIVE:

“Kapag

17
 nakakaramdam ako

ng sakit sa katawan,

pinapakaramdaman

ko sarili ko at agad

ako nagpapaacheck

up lalo nung buntis

ako.”

Nutritional SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Metabolic “May allergy ako sa "Hindi naman ako Mrs. S.Z is not

chicken at egg.” dito nahirapan picky when it

kumain, yung bigay comes to food

SUBJECTIVE: lang sa akin na but there

“Tumaas timbang ko rasyon na pagkain certain foods

nang nagbuntis ako.” dito kung kinain ko." that she

allergic to such

SUBJECTIVE: as chicken and

“Tatlong beses ako egg. She

kumain sa isang consumes 3

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araw, naging mahilig meals a day

ako sa sweets nung and some

nagbuntis ako.” snacks in the

afternoon. She

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi is taking some

ako nagsusuka at vitamins.

naduduwal, siguro Before she

nung una at was pregnant

pnagalawang buwan she weighed

ko nang 40 kg but

paagbubuntis. Hindi during the

rin ako nahihirapan sa interview she

pag nguya at weighed 52

pagtunaw ng mga kg. She

pagkain” consumes

SUBJECTIVE: “Nung 1500 ml of

nagbuntis ako, water almost

iniwasan ko na every day. She

kumain ng mga junk is very fond of

foods.” sweet food

especially

during her

19
 pregnancy.

Elimination SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Pattern “Isang beses lang “Ngayon tuwing

ako dumumi sa isang umiihi ako may

araw, mga umaga dugo, normal

ganon. Wala naman naman daw yon

akong naging kase kakapanganak

problema doon.” ko lang. Hindi pa

ako nakakadumi.”

SUBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE

“Hindi ganoon “The client is

kadilaw yung ihi ko experiencing

dahil palatubig ako.” constipation

Activity – Exercise SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Pattern “Lakad at gawaing "Syempre di na ko

bahay lang yung nakakagalaw ng

exercise ko.” katulad nung nasa

bahay pa ko pero

SUBJECTIVE: ganon talaga."

“Hindi ako madali

mapagod at hingalin.”

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 SUBJECTIVE:

“Naging libangan ko

nalang yung facebook

at manood ng tv.”

Sleep and Rest SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Pattern “Nung mga huling “Ganun pa rin, Mrs. S.Z has

buwan na medyo nahihirapan experienced

nagbubuntiss ako pa rin ako matulog. difficulty in

medyo nahirapan Pero siguro sleeping

akong matulog, makakapag adjust during her last

madaling araw na ko din ako.” semester of

nakakatulog. Siguro pregnancy she

mga anim na oras OBJECTIVE does not take

lang kadalasan yung “ Dark circles aree any medication

haba ng tulog ko.” visible under her to help her

eyes and her eyes sleep and only

looks tired” wait for her

eyes to grow

heavy

21
 Cognitive SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Perceptual Pattern “Wala naman ako “Focus ako ngayon

masyado naging sa paglabas namin

problema. Kinabahan dito, excited na ko

lang ako nung malapit alagaan yung baby

na ko manganak pero ko."

excited ako, siguro

dahil first baby ko.”

SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

“Tuwing “Sa pagstay ko dito

nagdedesisyon ako, sa hospital, wala

hindi na pabago bago namang nagbago

pa at kasama ko kung paano ako

naman asawa ko.” magdesisyon,

ganoon pa rin

naman.”

SUBJECTIVE

“Di naman masakit

ung tahi ko”

Self-perception – SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

22
Self-concept “May naging “Mas naging aware

Pattern pagbabago pero ako sa pagbabago

normal naman siguro ng katawan ko at

‘yon sa paagbubuntis nang

at katuwang ko nakapagpanganak

naman asawa ko.” ako.”

OBJECTIVE

“Mother is aware of

the changes and

adjusted to it

positively”

Role – SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Relationship “Maayos naman kami “Ngayon nanganak

Pattern ng asawa ko, nag na ko, naramdaman

aaway kami minsan ko na mas magiging

pero nagkakaayos matatag kami ng

rin.” asawa ko dahil may

anak na kami.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Yung

mga kaibigan ko di na SUBJECTIVE:

kami masyado "Yung mga kapatid

23
 nagkakasama dahil ko dinalaw nila ako

busy rin sila, pero kanina."

maayos naman kami.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi

ako active sa

community namin,

hindi naman kasi ako

lumalabas lagi ng

bahay.”

Sexuality – SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi SUBJECTIVE:

Reproductive kami ganoon kaactive “Sa pagstay ko dito Mrs. S.Z. and

Pattern ng asawa ko sa sa hospital, walang her husband

pagtatalik pero wala nagbago at ganon hast stated

naman problema kami pa din ang pananaw that they are

sa pagtatalik.” ko.” not that active

when it comes

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi to having

kami gumagamit ng sexual

mga contraceptive intercourse.

pills.” They are not

fond of using

24
 any

contraceptives.

She doesn’t

have any STI

and is healthy

and her

menstrual

cycle is

regular.

PARA:1

GRAVIDA: 1

Coping/Stress SUBJECTIVE: “Wala SUBJECTIVE:

Tolerance pa naman akong “Hindi naman ako

naranasan para gaano nastress sa

matrauma ako. Pero panganganak,

tuwing may problema kabado pero

ako, nagpopokus ako naexcite talaga ako

sa ibang gawain para lalo na nung nakita

makalimutan ko.” ko yung baby.”

SUBJECTIVE: “Hindi

ko kase hinahayaan

25
 sarili ko na mastress

nung buntis ako.”

Values– Belief SUBJECTIVE: SUBJECTIVE:

Pattern “Catholic kami at “Nung inadmit ako

malaking tulong ang dito, malaki tlaga

Diyos para maayos ang tulong ng Diyos

ang problema namin.” dahil naging safe

yung delivery ng

SUBJECTIVE: “At baby ko.”

malaki ang

pasasalamat ko dahil

nabuntis ako,

malaking blessing

‘yon.”

V. Physical Assessment

NAME: Mrs. SZ ADDDRESS: HEIGHT: 5 ft

Montalban

AGE: 30 WEIGHT: 59 kg

26
Body part Method Normal findings Actual findings Analysis

BREAST INSPECTION The breast has The color of her NORMAL

(SHAPE, no sign of breast is normal.

COLOR) redness.

NORMAL

Shape should be The shape of her

round. breast is round.

PALPATION NORMAL

(MASSESS, The breast Her breast is not

FIRMNESS, should be not in firm, she has no

PAIN) pain, should has massess and has

not masses, and no pain felt.

not firm.

27
UTERUS PALPATION It should be not Her uterus is not NORMAL

firm. firm.

BLADDER PALPATION Bladder should There is no NORMAL

not distended. distention felt.

EPISIOTOMY INSPECTION There should no It is not NORMAL

presence of inflammated,

inflammation, there is no blood

bleeding, and and the suture is

suture sloughing. good it was

normal.

LOCHIA INSPECTION Lochia should be The color of her NORMAL

color red. lochia is red.

VI. Review of Reproductive System

EXTERNAL

GENITALIA

28
Our review of the reproductive system begins at the external genitalia or

vulva which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Two folds of

fatty, fleshy tissue that is surrounding the entrance of the vagina and the

urinary opening;

The Labia Majora,or outer folds and the Labia Minora or inner folds that is

located under the labia majora. The Clitoris, is relatively short organ that is

less than one inch long, shielded by a hood of flesh. When stimulated

sexually, the clitoris can be erect like a man’s genital organ.

The Hymen, a thin membrane protecting the entrance of the vagina,

stretches when you insert a tampon or have a sexual intercourse with an

opposite sex.

INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE

29
The Vagina

The vagina is a muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external

genitals to the uterus, there the embryo grows into a fetus during pregnancy.

In the reproductive process, the vagina functions as a two-way street,

accepting the penis and sperm during sexual intercourse and roughly nine

months, serving as the venue of birth through which the new baby enters the

world.

The Cervix

The vagina ends at the cervix, the lower portion of neck of the

uterus. Like the vagina, the cervix has dual reproductive functions.

30
After intercourse, sperm ejaculated in the vagina pass through the cervix,

then proceed through the uterus to the fallopian tube where if a sperm

encounters an ovum (egg), conception occurs. The cervix is lined with

mucus, the quality of which is governed by monthly fluctuations in the levels

of the two principle sex hormones, Estrogen and Progesterone.

The Uterus

The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of

humans. One end, the cervix opens into the vagina; the other is connected

on both sides to the fallopian tubes.

The uterus mostly consists of muscle, known as myometrium. Its major

function is to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the

endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop

exclusively for this purpose. The fertilized ovum becomes an embryo,

develops into a fetus gestates until childbirth

The Oviducts

The fallopian tubes or oviducts are two very fine tubes leading

from the ovaries of female into the uterus.

31
On maturity of an Ovum, the follicle and the ovary’s wall rapture, allowing the

ovum to escape and enter the fallopian tube. There it travels toward the

uterus, pushed along by movements of Cilia on the inner lining of the tubes

The Ovaries

The ovaries are the place inside the female body where ova or eggs are

produced. The process by which the ovum is released is called ovulation.

The speed of ovulation is periodic and impacts directly to the length of a

menstrual cycle.

After ovulation, the ovum is ruptured by the oviduct, where it travelled down

the oviduct to the uterus, occasionally being fertilized on its way by an

incoming sperm, leading to pregnancy and the eventual birth of new human

being.

VII. Laboratory Report

VIII. Drug Study

32
Generic Indic Mech Side Adverse Contraind Nursing
name, ation anism Effects Effect ications Respones
Brand of
name, action
Drug
classifica
tion
Dosage,
Frequen
cy,
Route,

Generic Rash, Severe Contraind -Assess

name: itching, diarrhea, icated any allergy
Cefuroxi : or bleeding, with with this
me Bacter irritatio lethargy or allergy drug.
Brand cidal: n, decreased cephalos -report
name: inhibit unusua platelets porin or onset of
Ceftin, s l Hct. penicillin. loose stool.
Kefurox, synthe tiredne -Use -report
Zinacef, sis of ss or cautiousl prescriber
Zinacef bacter difficult y with about
TwistVial ial cell y of renal rashes or
Drug well, breathi failure unusualitie
Classific causin ng. and s.
ation: g cell pregnanc
Cephalo death. y
sporin
antibiotic
s
Dosage:
500mg/c
ap
Frequen
cy: q6
Route:
P.O.

Generic Nause Nausea, Hypersen Advise

name: a, vomiting, sitivity to patient to
Amoxicill Vomiti pruritus or cephalos take the

33
in ng, rash. porin. Not medication
Brand Abdom used to with meals
name: inal treat for better
Himox pain, severe absorption.
Drug or pneumoni
Classific diarrhe a, -Advise
ation: a emphyse patient to
Antibiotic ma or report if
s meningiti there is
Dosage: s bloody,
500mg/c mucoid,
ap diarrhea
Freaque which may
ncy: q6 indicate to
Route:P. pseudome
O. mbranous
colitis.

Generic : : known discontinue

name: Stoma dizziness, hypersen drug
Mefena ch peptic sitivity to promptly if
mic Acid pain, ulceration, mefenami diarrhea,
Brand nausea dyspnea c acid or dark stools,
name: , or rash any epistaxis or
Ponstel vomitin compone rash occur.
g, nts of the Do not use
Drug heartb drug. again.
Classific urn, Contact
ation: constip physician.
non- ation,
steroidal diarrhe
anti- a,
inflamma rash,
tory dizzine
drugs. ss
Dosage: tinnitus
500mg/c .
ap (ringin
Frequen g in
cy: q6 your
Route: ears)
P.O.

34
 Generic The Consti : take this
name: mech pation, hypersen drug before
Hyoscine anism headac sitivity to 30 minutes
butylbro of he, the drug to 1 hour
mide action weakn contents before
Brand of ess and meals.
name: busco and tachycard
Buscopa pan is nausea ia.
n it . -Do not
Drug relaxe take
Classific s the antacids
ation: muscl and
Antispasi e and antdiarrhea
modics thus l 2-3 hours
Dosage: reduc prior to
1 amp ed raking this
Frequen pain drug.
cy: now from
Route: the
IV cramp
s and
the
spasm
s

IX. Pathophysiology

X. NCP

35
36