GROUP 1 BEED 2 : MEMBERS:

GALIPOSO, JERALYN
BAJA, NELGE CONCEPCION
DALIS, MARILY
QUIETA, CHELLA MAE
REGIS, DESSA MAE
RAS, TRISCIA MAE

TABLE TENNIS
HISTORY
 Table Tennis had humble beginnings as a “parlor game,”
 Ping-Pong is a trademark name for table tennis and associated equipment.
 The name “Ping-Pong” was invented by the English firm J. Jaques and Son at the end of the 1800s and later
trademarked in the United States by Parker Brothers, the board game company.
 The game quickly caught on, and as early as 1901, tournaments were being conducted with over 300 participants.
The Ping-Pong Association was formed but was renamed The Table Tennis Association in 1922
 a British salesman, Edward Shires, introduced it to the people of Vienna and Budapest, and the seeds were sown
for a sport that now enjoys popularity all over the world.
 In Britain, table tennis had also begun to spread outside the distinctly middle-class confines of London, and
leagues sprang up in provincial towns as far apart as Sunderland and Plymouth.
 In 1922, an All England Club was formed, which boasted such luminaries as Jack Hobbs the cricketer and other
famous names of the time from the world of sport. The Daily Mirror organized and sponsored a nationwide
tournament in which there were 40,000 competitors.
 April 24, 1927, the English Table Tennis Association was born, under the chairmanship and direction of Ivor
Montague, son of Lord Ewatthling. He was not only to become the architect of modern-day table tennis, but he also
achieved critical acclaim as both a director and film producer. At the time, The ETTA had a membership of 19
leagues but now has over 300, with around 75,000 registered players.
 April 24, 1927, the English Table Tennis Association was born, under the chairmanship and direction of Ivor
Montague, son of Lord Ewatthling. He was not only to become the architect of modern-day table tennis, but he also
achieved critical acclaim as both a director and film producer. At the time, The ETTA had a membership of 19
leagues but now has over 300, with around 75,000 registered players.
 The first world championships were held in 1927 and were won by a Hungarian, Dr. Jacobi. Apart from the famous
Fred Perry redressing the balance for England in 1929, this was to be the start of an unprecedented run of success
for the Hungarians, who completely dominated the game throughout the thirties. Their team was led by the
legendary Victor Barna, whose inspiration and skill did so much to elevate the game to sports status.
 Today, the sport both in England and abroad is very well established and is growing each year. The culmination of
this has been its recognition as an Olympic Games sport, being featured for the first time in the 1988 games in
Seoul. Television coverage of the men’s singles final attracted an incredible worldwide audience of 2 billion. In
China, the game is played by literally millions at work, in school, and in community parks. Chinese top players are
regarded as national heroes with pop star statuses.

EQUIPMENTS
 Ball
• The ball that is used in the game is a 2.7 gram, small celluloid ball that is usually colored white or orange depending
on the preference of the players. They can come in different qualities with those possessing 3 stars being the best
kind and is often recommended especially to those who are just starting up.
• Also, they come in a range of sizes from 38 mm to 54 mm in diameter. However, the 40 mm diameter ball is the one
that is used mainly on international leagues and competitions as it is the one that is specified by the International
Table Tennis Federation of ITTF.

 Rubber, Racket or Paddle

The table tennis racket or paddle is another important piece of equipment that is used in hitting the ball back and
forth on the table. Its shape is similar to the ones used in the game of tennis except that it is smaller and is made of different
materials.
The racket is usually made of wood and rubber and is divided into two parts: the handle and the blade. The quality
of both of the parts of the racket can affect the force that can be applied by the player and it is important the player choose
the best kind of rackets in order to really improve.

 Table Tennis Table

• Included in the list of important table tennis equipment is the table where the game is to be played. The ITTF
specifies that the official table tennis tables that are used in the tournament must be 9 ft. long, 5 ft. wide and must
be placed 30 inches high from the ground.
 • They come in either green, blue or black in color and are usually made from a type of hardboard. The surface must
be smooth as to provide the lowest friction as possible.

 NET
• The net which is the last piece of important equipment is usually brought together with the table or with the rackets
or it can be bought by itself.
• Whatever the case, it should be 6 feet long and 6 inches wide and has an upper white tape that is not more than
15mm wide. Also, it should include an assembly so that it can be attached to the middle of the table tennis table.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Service Rules
• The service must start with the ball in an open palm. This stops you from throwing it up with spin.
• The ball must be thrown vertically, at least 16 cm. This stops you from serving straight out of your hand and
surprising your opponent.
• The ball must be above and behind the table throughout the serve. This stops you getting any silly angles and gives
your opponent a fair chance at returning.
• After throwing the ball, the server must get their free arm and hand out of the way. This is to allow the receiver to
see the ball.

Doubles Rules
• The service must go diagonally, from the server’s right-hand side to the receiver’s right-hand side. This stops you
from getting the opposing pair tangled up before they’ve even hit a ball.
• A doubles pair must strike the ball alternately. This makes doubles challenging. None of that front court/back court
tennis nonsense.
• At the change of service, the previous receiver becomes the new server and the partner of the previous server
becomes the receiver. This makes sure everybody does everything. After eight points you’re back to the start of the
cycle.

General Match Play

• You have two serves before it is your opponent’s turn to serve twice. This used to be five serves each but since
changing to 11 it’s now just two.
• At 10-10 it’s deuce. You get one serve each and must win by two clear points. This is sudden death or table tennis’
equivalent of a tie break.
• If you are playing a best of 3, 5 or 7 (as opposed to just one set) you have to change ends after each game. This
makes sure both players experience conditions on both sides of the table. You also change ends when the first
player reaches five points in the final game of a match.

A let is called if…

• An otherwise good serve touches the net. This ensures your opponent has a chance at making a return.
• The receiver isn’t ready (and doesn’t try to hit the ball). This is just common sense really!
• If play is disturbed by something outside of the players’ control. This allows you to replay the point if your cat jumps
onto the table, etc

A point is lost if…

• The service is missed.
• The service is not returned.
• A shot goes into the net.
• A shot goes off the table without touching the court.
• A player moves the table, touches the net or touches the table with their free hand during play.

BASIC SKILLS
1. Forehand Drive Technique
• The first fundamental table tennis skill that you should learn is the feeling of the ball. Driving skills helps you
quickly get this feeling. Unlike many basic table tennis lessons, who propose you to learn the “grip” or the “stance”
first. You can start learning the forehand drive first. During these training drills, the coach and you can quickly
modify the grip based on the “feeling” and the “timing”. I, myself, found this approach can help new players improve
much faster.

2. Backhand topspin close to the table

 • Backhand topspin is the basic skill that every player should master. The biggest mistake of the beginner is “I will
learn the forehand first, and then I let learning the backhand technique in the intermediate stage”. This is totally
wrong! You should learn the backhand stroke mechanism as soon as possible. Because by learning backhand
technique, you will understand how to use your wrist in table tennis. You also learn how to relax, the right timing of
acceleration, and the correct grip.

3. Forehand push and backhand push

• After having a good foundation of feeling the ball and having a relaxed grip, you will start to learn the “timing”.
Timing is when to hit the ball. The best exercise is to practice the forehand push and the backhand push.
• This is the basic stroke! And this stroke is rarely used in modern table tennis nowadays.
• You should learn to develop your push to be more “aggressive”!

4. Forehand flick
• The flick (or flip) technique is previously considered as the “advanced skills in table tennis”. However, in this modern
table tennis era, the Chinese coach has moved this skill to the fundamental skills. If you can not aggressively return
the ball, you will quickly be dominated in this modern age of table tennis. “Aggressiveness” is the key.

5. Backhand flick
• The backhand flick is nowadays considered as the standard technique. Using backhand flick to return all the
topspin or sidespin short serve. Backhand push is rarely used in the real match today.
• Back in the history of table tennis, the backhand flick is invented by the European players.

6. Backhand loop the underspin ball

• This technique seems to be the hardest one for beginners. However, it’s not as hard as you think. The key to do the
backhand loop is using the elbow and the lower part of your body. If you only use the arm to lift the ball, you will fail
to topspin the heavy underspin ball. Focus on the use of the lower part, the legs to “lift up” and hit forward.

7. Forehand attack the semi-long ball

• Table tennis tactics, in fact, turn around the service and service-return. Best players use the semi-long ball a lot
nowadays.
• Why semi-long ball? Why do you need to learn how to do a semi-long serve effectively?
• There are some reasons for this:
• Because short balls are weak,
• And the long ball is easily attacked.
• A semi-long ball will let you attack right after your serve. That’s the reason why the Chinese coach has
introduced the forehand attack the semi-long ball into the basics training.

8. Learn Forehand fast serve

• Forehand fast serve is an indispensable tool to survive in this modern table tennis. Unlike several training courses
that didn’t focus enough on the quality of a long and fast serve. Look at the new trends in table tennis: Tomokazu
Harimoto and Miu Hirano’s playing style. They incorporate the fast serve efficiently in the new trending “Counter
Attack Playing Style”.
• Nowadays, many top players use “forehand fast serve”. Back in history, the master of this type of serve is Jan-
Ove Waldner (the Mozart of Table Tennis).

9. Forehand pendulum serve

• Forehand pendulum serve is one of the best serves in table tennis. Easy to learn but difficult to master. Learning
this service will let you add many spin variation. You should learn this serve as soon as possible. Learn to add
sidespin and improve the deceptive spin to this serve.

10. Backhand sidespin serve

• And finally, the last fundamental skill is the backhand sidespin serve. It’s the least important skill but sometimes it
can change the outcome of the match. Watch how Ma Long comes back after losing 0-2 to Lee Sangsu. Ma Long
used the backhand serve which has completely change the result of the match. Backhand sidespin serve gives you
the control of the placement and reduce the pace of the game. Having several types of service always help you to
deal with the critical situation. To become a better player, you should have several effective serves.
 LAWN TENNIS
HISTORY
• The history of Lawn Tennis has so many layers in it. The game is very old in terms of rules and way of playing.
There are historians out there who believe that Tennis was played for the first time in the Ancient Egypt. The word
racket was derived from the Arabic word ‘rakhat’ and it means the palm. But sometimes it is heard that French
monks used to play this game in 11-12 centuries. If we want to talk in terms of professional game, it all started in
the year 1872. The first ever Lawn Tennis club was established in Portugal by Hoa Pereira who was a merchant
and two doctors named Wellesley Tomkins and Fredrick Haynes. They played the game which was believed to be
the Spanish game with the ball, ‘Pelota’. This game was played on the lawn of Leamington resort and this was the
main reason why it is called Lawn Tennis or Tennis on a lawn.
• The rules for Tennis was first established by a British army personnel Walter Clopton Wingfield. People started
calling it Lawn Tennis from 1873.He was the person who patented the game and set the rules to play. He took the
rules from a Greek game named ‘Sphairistike’ which was used to be played by a ball. At first, the game launched by
Mr. Wingfield was called as Tennis on the green but later on the original name took place.
• Lawn Tennis was a very popular game in the Medieval France and the name there was ‘Court Tennis’ It was used
to be played among the upper class people. It is believed that the words used in the game has mostly come from
the French vocabulary. The word Tennis is the derivation from the word ‘tenez’ which means hold or catch. The
other score related words are also the derivation from the French language
• The Tennis game started making profit in 20s. The players started thinking to be professional in this game. They
started playing professional tournaments and cups. The time when US Open started to come into the picture in
1968, the real world of Lawn Tennis was introduced properly.

EQUIPMENTS
 RACKET
• Rackets can be made of many alloys or wood. There are no restrictions on the size or materials used in making
a racket. It has an oval head and a gradually widening throat that connects the narrow handle with the head of
the racket.
• The head of the racket is tightly woven with strings which are made of various materials like nylon, gut or
synthetic gut. The handles are covered with leather or nylon for a better grip.

 TENNIS COURT
• The dimensions of the tennis court are 78 by 27 feet (23.8 by 8.2 meters) for singles and 78 by 36 feet (23.8 by
11.0 meters) for doubles. The height of the net at the center is 3 feet (0.91 meter), and it is supported at each
side of the court by posts 3.5 feet (1.1 meter) high placed 3 feet outside the court.

 Ball
• As per ITF rules, Tennis balls are yellow colored spherical balls, with a diameter between 2.5 and 2.625 inches.
They weigh between 2 and 21/16 oz. Pressurized rubber is used to make semi spherical half shells. They are
then joined with compressed air between them.
• The spherical balls are covered with bright yellow colored felt. Kids aged ten and under play with different
colored balls. They move slower, bounce lower. They are also softer and larger and are easy for kids to hit
them.

 Net
• A rectangular net is used to separate the two sides of a Tennis court. The net should cover the space between
the two net posts. The net is woven in such a way that it does not allow the Tennis ball to pass through. It is
usually tied in about 3 feet above the ground at the center.

 Wrist bands
• Wrist bands are worn around wrists to prevent sweat from wetting the players’ palm or the racket. A wet grip
might not be strong.

• Headbands are used to absorb sweat. They also tie player’s hair away from their face. Any tight cap made of
absorbent material can also be used instead of a head band

 Tennis shoes
• Just running shoes don’t provide enough lateral support to players. Tennis shoes are designed to give players
better stability and prevent them from sliding while moving sideways. Shoes shouldn’t damage the court when
players move briskly across the court.
 Dress
• Men wear T-Shirts or shirts made of materials like polyester that does not absorb sweat and keeps the player
cool. They wear shorts that do not cover their knees
• Though women are advised to wear just any comfortable dress, of late many Tennis champions try to make a
style statement with their carefully designed clothes. Many players prefer wearing a tank top or a T-shirt on a
short skirt.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

 Scoring
• You need to score four points to win a game of tennis. The points are known as 15 (1 point), 30 (two points), 40
(three points) and the fourth would result in the winning point and the end of that game. If the scores went to
40-40 this would be known as deuce. When a game reaches deuce the player must then win by two clear
points

 Winning the Game

• To win the game you must win a certain amount of sets (best of three for women’s matches and best of 5 sets
for men’s matches). Winning a set is simply the first player to reach 6 games but have to be clear by at least 2
games. If your opponent wins 5 games you must win the set 7-5. If the set goes to 6-6 then a tie break is played
and it’s simply the first player to 7 points

 Rules of Tennis
• The game starts with a coin toss to determine which player must serve first and which side they want to serve
from.
• The server must then serve each point from alternative sides on the base line. At no point must the server’s feet
move in front of the baseline on the court prior to hitting their serve.
• If the server fails to get their first serve in they may take advantage of a second serve. If they again fail to get
their second serve in then a double fault will be called and the point lost.
• If the server clips the net but the ball goes in the service area still then let is called and they get to take that
serve again without penalty. If the ball hits the net and fails to go in the service area then out is called and they
lose that serve.
• The receiver may stand where they wish upon receipt of the serve. If the ball is struck without the serve
bouncing then the server will receive the point.
• Once a serve has been made the amount of shots between the players can be unlimited. The point is won by
hitting the ball so the opponent fails to return it in the scoring areas.
• Points are awarded in scores of 15, 30 and 40. 15 represent 1 point, 30 = 2 and 40 = 3.
• You need 4 points to win a game. If a game lands on 40-40 it’s known as deuce. From deuce a player needs to
win 2 consecutive points to win the game. After winning one point from deuce they player is on advantage. If
the player wins the next point they win the game, if they lose it goes back to deuce.
• To win the set a player must win 6 games by 2 or more. The opening sets will go to a tie break if its ends up 6-6
where players play first to 7 points. The final set will not have a tie break and requires players to win by two
games with no limits.
• If a player touches the net, distracts his opponent or impedes in anyway then they automatically lose the point.
• The ball can hit any part of the line for the point to be called in, outside the line and the ball is out.
• The balls in a tennis match are changed for new balls every 6 games
• A player loses a point if they fail to return the ball in either the correct areas on the court, hits the net and
doesn’t go into opponent’s area or fails to return the ball before it bounces twice in their half.

BASIC SKILLS
1. Forehand and Backhand Strokes
• Of all the different types of strokes and shots you'll learn in the game of tennis, you'll hit more forehand and
backhand strokes than anything else. Without taking the time to develop each of these critical strokes, your
game really can't even get off the ground. Practice working on every nuance of the entire movement, from the
backswing to the point of contact to the follow-through. Make forehand and backhand strokes a regular part of
your practice sessions, whether you're hitting around with a partner or using a practice wall. You should work
toward developing correct form and proper swing mechanics for each stroke from virtually any position on the
court.

2. The Serve
• The serve is absolutely critical because it's the only point that you can fully initiate and control. There are
several small movements that work together to form a tennis serve, so you'll need to focus on perfecting each
of these movements until you're able to do them instinctively. Work on mastering the ball toss, developing a
 consistent point of contact, and properly timing each movement. Once you've put them all together, you can
then work on sharpening the finer points of your technique.

3. Footwork
• Tennis is a game that basically requires constant movement from the time the ball is served until the point
is won. Learning the basics of footwork such as the split-step and side shuffle will help you get around
efficiently on the court without wasting time or energy. Regularly incorporate footwork drills into your basic
training regimen so you can stay sharp and agile while on the court.

4. Anticipation
• Some of the best players in the world are masters of anticipation; it almost seems as if they have a sixth
sense to know where the ball is going to be before it arrives, and they're already in position to respond by the
time it crosses over the net. This is developed through diligent practice and training the reflexes to respond
quickly to visual information. Play with a partner as much as possible, so you can work on reading and
interpreting their body language, which is a major key to developing anticipation skills.

5. Volleying
• Volleying is a technique in which a player uses "short-punch" shots (e.g., little to no backswing) in
order to put pressure on the other opponent. Volleying is usually done close to the net, and is considered to be
an attack approach that keeps the other player on the defense. Work specifically on volley drills in your practice
sessions so that you can sharpen this critical element of your game.
• Keep in mind that when you see the pros play, they're executing movements that they have
practiced thousands of times over the years. Although their strokes and footwork look completely natural to the
casual observer, their adeptness on the tennis court is the result of an accumulation of thousands of strokes,
serves , returns, volleys, lobs, etc., that they've executed countless times in practice.