FINAL ACCOUNTS

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 RATIO ANALYSIS
Questions

1. Calculate the relevant investment ratios with the following information:

Dividend per share = Rs.0.20 Annual earning = Rs.100,000
Market price per share = Rs.5.00 Number of equity shares = 200,000

2. Calculate the relevant profitability ratios with the following information:

Stock at start of year: Rs.30,000 Total expenses: Rs.5,000
Stock at end of year : Rs.20,000 Capital at start: Rs.62,000
Annual Sales: Rs.50,000 Capital at end: Rs.18,000
Annual Purchases: Rs.10,000

3. Calculate the relevant liquidity ratios with the following information:

Trade Debtors: Rs.21,000 Bank: Rs.5,000
Trade Creditors: Rs.15,000 Closing stock: Rs.9,000
Proposed dividends: Rs.2,500 Opening stock: Rs.8,000

4. From the data calculate :

(i) Gross Profit Ratio (ii) Net Profit Ratio (iii) Return on Total Assets
(iv) Inventory Turnover (v) Working Capital Turnover (vi) Net worth to Debt
Sales 25,20,000 Other Current Assets 7,60,000
Cost of sale 19,20,000 Fixed Assets 14, 40,000
Net profit 3,60,000 Net worth 15,00,000
Inventory 8,00,000 Debt. 9,00,000
Current Liabilities 6,00,000

5. Perfect Ltd. gives the following Balance sheet. You are required to compute the following ratios.

(a) Liquid Ratio

(b) Solvency Ratio
(c) Debt-Equity Ratio
(d) Stock of Working Capital Ratio

Balance Sheet Rs Rs
Equity share capital 1500000 Fixed Assets 1400000
Reserve fund 100000 Stock 500000
6% Debentures 300000 Debtors 200000
Overdraft 100000 Cash 100000
Creditors 200000 2200000

6. Calculate the following ratios from the balance sheet given below :
(i) Debt – Equity Ratio (ii) Liquidity Ratio
(iii) Fixed Assets to Current Assets (iv) Fixed Assets Turnover
Balance Sheet
Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
Equity shares of $ 10 each 1,00,000 Goodwill 60000
Reserves 20,000 Fixed Assets 140000
P.L. A/c 30,000 Stock 30000
Secured loan 80,000 Sundry Debtors 30000
Sundry creditors 50,000 Advances 10000
Provision for taxation 20,000 Cash Balance 10000
3,00,000 300000
The sales for the year were $ 5,60,000.

7. The Balance sheet of Naronath & Co. as on 31.12.2000 shows as follows:

Liabilities Rs Assets Rs
Equity capital 1,00,000 Fixed Assets 1,80,000
15% Preference shares 50,000 Stores 25,000
12% Debentures 50,000 Debtors 55,000
Retained Earnings 20,000 Bills Receivable 3,000
Creditors 45,000 Bank 2,000
2,65,000 2,65,000
Comment on the financial position of the Company i. e., Debt – Equity Ratio, Fixed Assets Ratio, Current Ratio, and
Liquidity.

8. From the following particulars pertaining to Assets and Liabilities of a company calculate :
(a) Current Ratio (b) Liquidity Ratio (c) Proprietary Ratio
(d) Debt-equity Ratio (e) Capital Gearing Ratio
Liabilities $ Assets $
5000 equity shares $ 10
each 500000 Land & Building 500000
8% 2000 pre shares $ 100 Plant & Machinery 600000
Each 200000 Debtors 200000
9% 4000 Debentures of Stock 240000
$ 100 each 400000 Cash and Bank 55000
Reserves 300000 Prepaid expenses 5000
Creditors 150000
Bank overdraft 50000
1600000 1600000

9. From the following details of a trader you are required to calculate :

(i) Purchase for the year.
(ii) Rate of stock turnover
(iii) Percentage of Gross profit to turnover

Sales $ 33,984 Stock at the close at cost price 1814

Sales Returns 380 G.P. for the year 8068
Stock at the beginning
at cost price 1378
10. Calculate the operating Ratio from the following figures.
Items ($ in Lakhs)
Sales 17874
Sales Returns 4
Other Incomes 53
Cost of Sales 15440
Administration and Selling Exp. 1843
Depreciation 63
Interest Expenses (Non- operating 456

11. The following is the Trading and Profit and loss account of Mathan Bros Private Limited for the year ended June
30,2001.
Rs. Rs
To Stock in hand 76250 By Sales 500000
To Purchases 315250 By Stock in hand 98500
To Carriage and Freight 2000
To Wages 5000
To Gross Profit 200000
598500 598500

To Administration
Expenses 1,01,000 By Gross profit 2,00,000
To Finance Expenses. : By Non-operating Incomes
Interest 1200 Interest on Securities 1,500
Discount 2400 Dividend on Shares 3, 750
Bad Debts 3400 Profit on Sale of Shares 750
To Selling Distribution Expenses 12000
To Non-operating expenses
Loss on sale of securities 350
Provision for legal suit 1,650
To Net profit 84000
206000 206000
You are required to calculate :
(i) Gross profit Ratio (ii) Expenses Ratio (individual)
(iii) Net profit Ratio (iv) Operating profit Ratio
(v) Operating Ratio (vi) Stock turnover Ratio

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 Answers
1. (1) Dividend yield = ( Dividend per share/ Market price per share ) * 100 % = (0.2 / 5) * 100% = 4%
(2) Earnings per share (EPS) = Profit available to shareholders / Number of shares = Rs.100,000 / 200,000 = Rs.0.50
(3) Price earnings ratio (P/E) = Market price per share / EPS = Rs.5 / Rs.0.50 = 10
(4) Payout Ratio = Dividend per share / EPS = 0.2 / 0.5 = 0.4 = 40%

2.(1) Gross profit percentage = (Gross profit / Net sales) * 100 % = (30,000 / 50,000) *100% = 60%
(2) Net profit percentage = (Net profit / Net sales) * 100 % = (25,000 / 50,000) * 100% = 50%
(3) Return on capital employed = (Profit before interest / Capital employed) * 100 % = (25,000 / 40,000) * 100% =
62.5%
Workings:
Gross profit = Sales - Cost of goods sold = 50,000 - 20,000 = Rs.30,000
Cost of goods sold = Stock at start + Purchases - Stock at end = 30,000 + 10,000 - 20,000 = Rs.20,000
Net profit = Gross profit - Total expenses = 30,000 - 5,000 = Rs.25,000
Average capital employed = (Capital at start + Capital at end) / 2 = (62,000 + 18,000) / 2 = Rs.40,000

3.(1) Current ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities = 35,000 / 17,500 = 2

(2) Quick ratio = (Current Assets - stock) / Current Liabilities = (35,000 - 9,000) / 17,500 = 1.49
Workings:
Current assets = closing stock + debtors + bank = 9,000 + 21,000 + 5,000 = Rs.35,000
Current liabilities = creditors + proposed dividends = 15,000 + 2,500 = Rs.17,500

4. 1. Gross Profit Ratio = (GP/ Sales) * 100 = 6

Sales – Cost of Sales Gross Profit
25,20,000 – 19,20,000 = 6,00,000
2.Net Profit Ratio = (NP / Sales)* 100 = 3
3.Inventory Turnover Ratio = Turnover / Total Assets) * 100= 1920000/800000= 2.4 times
Turnover Refers Cost of Sales
4. Return on Total Assets = NP/ Total Assets = (360000/3000000)*100 = 12%
FA+ CA +inventory [14,40,000 + 7,60,000 + 8,00,000] = 30,00,000
5. Net worth to Debt = Net worth/ Debt= (1500000/900000)* 100 = 1.66 times
6. Working Capital Turnover = Turnover/Working capital
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities
= 8,00,000 + 7,60,000 – 6,00,000
15,60,000 – 6,00,000= 9,60,000
Working Capital Turnover Ratio = 19,20,000 = 2 times.

5. (a) Liquid Ratio= Liquid Assets / Liquid Liabilities

(or )
Liquid Assets / Current Liabilities
LA Debtors = 2,00,000 i.e., 3,00,000 / 200000 = 1.5
Cash = 1,00,000
= 3,00,000
Liquid Liabilities : Creditors = 2,00,000
(b) Debt – Equity Ratio = External Equities / Internal Equities
External Equities:
All outsiders loan Including current liabilities
3,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 2,00,000 = 6,00,000
Internal Equities :
It Includes share holders fund + Reserves
15,00,000 + 1,00,000 = 16,00,000
Debt – Equity Ratio = 600000/ 1600000 = 0 · 375
© Solvency Ratio = Outside Liabilities / Total Assets
Outside Liabilities = Debenture + Overdraft + Creditors
= 3,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 2,00,000 = 6,00,000
Solvency Ratio =( 600000 / 2200000) * 100
= 27.27%
(d) Stock of Working Capital Ratio = Stock / Working Capital
Working Capital = Current Assets – Current Liabilities
= 8,00,000 – 3,00,000 = 5,00,000
Stock of Working Capital Ratio =* 100 = 100%

6. Debt – Equity = Long – Term Debt / Shareholders Fund

Ratio = Secured loan $. 80,000
Shareholder’s Fund= Equity Share Capital + Reserves + P.L.A/c
= 1,00,000 + 20,000 + 30,000 = 1,50,000
Debt-Equity Ratio = 80,000 / 1,50,000=.53
Liquidity Ratio = Liquid Assets / Liquid Liabilities
Liquid Assets = Sundry Debtors + Advances + Cash Balance
30,000 + 10,000 + 30,000 = 70,000
Liquid Liabilities = Provision for Taxation + sundry creditors
= 20,000 + 50,000 = 70,000
Liquid Ratio = 70,000 / 70,000= 1
Fixed Assets to Current Assets
= Fixed Assets / Current Assets= 1,40,000/ 100000
= 1.4
Fixed Assets Turnover =Turnover / Fixed Assets= 5,60,000/1,40,000
=4

7. Debt – Equity Ratio = Debt – Equity Ratio / Long – Term Debt

Long-term Debt = Debentures
= 50,000
Shareholder’s Fund = Equity + Preference + Retained Earnings
= 1,00,000 + 50,000 + 20,000
= 50,000
= 1,70,000
= ·29
Fixed Assets Ratio= Fixed Assets / Proprietor’s Fund= -1,80,000
Proprietor’s Fund=Equity Share Capital + Preference Share Capital+ Retained Earnings
=1,00,000 + 50,000 + 20,000 = 1,70,000
Fixed Assets Ratio = 1,80,000 / 1,70,000= 1.05
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Current Assets = Stores + Debtors + BR + Bank= 25,000 + 55,000 + 3,000 + 2,000 = 85,000
Liquid Ratio=45,000 / 85,000= 1.88
Liquid Assets = 45,000
Liquid Liabilities = Debtors + Bill Receivable + Cash=55,000 + 3,000 + 2,000 = 60,000
Liquid Ratio = 60,000 / 45,000 = 1.33

8. Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

Current Assets = Stock + Cash + Prepaid Expenses + Debtors
= 2,40,000 + 55,000 + 5,000 + 2,00,000 = 5,00,000

Current Liabilities = Creditors + Bank Overdraft

=1,50,000 + 50,000 = 2,00,000
=5,00,000 / 2,00,000
= 2.5 : 1

Liquid Ratio = Liquid Assets / Liquid Liabilities

Liquid Assets = Cash and Bank + Debtors

=55,000 + 2,00,000 = 2,55,000
Liquid Liabilities : Creditors = 1,50,000

Liquid Ratio = 2,55,000 / 1,50,000

= 1.7 : 1

Proprietor’s Ratio = Proprietor’s Fund / Total Tangible Assets

Proprietor’s Fund = Equity Share Capital + Preference

Share Capital + Reserves and Surplus

=5,00,000 + 2,00,000 + 3,00,000

Proprietary Ratio=10,00,000 / 16,00,000

= 0.625 : 1

Debt – Equity Ratio = External Equities / Internal Equities

External Equities = Long-term Liabilities + Short-term Liabilities
= 4,00,000 + 2,00,000 = 6,00,000

Internal Equities = Proprietor’s funds

= 6,00,000 / 10,00,000

= 0.6 : 1

Capital Gearing Ratio = Fixed Interest Bearing Securities / Equity Share Capital + Reserves

Fixed Interest Bearing Securities = Preference Shares 2,00,000

Debentures 4,00,000
6,00,000

= 6,00,000 / 8,00,000

= 0.75 : 1

9. Trading Account

To Opening stock 1378 By Sales 33984

To Purchase (BD 25972 Sales Return 380
To gross profit 8068 By closing Stock 1814
33604
35418 35418
(i) Purchase for the year $ 25,972

(ii) Stock Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of Goods Sold = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Stock

Average Stock = (Opening Stock + Closing Stock)/ 2

= (1372 + 1814 )/2

= 25916/1596
=16.23 times

(iii) Percentage of Gross Profit to Turnover = Gross Profit / Sales *100

= 8068 / 33 ,984 * 100
= 23.74%.

10. Operating Ratio = (Cost of Goods Sold + Operating Expenses * 100) / Sales

= ((15,440 + 1,843)/ 17,870)*100

= 97%

11. Gross Profit Ratio =Gross Profit/ Sales * 100 = 2,00,000 / 500000 * 100
Expenses Ratio =Individual Expenses / Sales
Administration Expenses / Sales *100 =101000/500000 *100= 2.02%
Finance Expenses/ Sales *100 = 7000/ 500000 * 100=1.04 %
Selling and Distribution Expenses / Sales* 100= 12 000/ 500000 *100= 2.40%
Non- Operating Expenses / Sales * 100 = 2000/ 500000 * 100= 0.4%

Net Profit Ratio :

Net Profit/ Sales *100 = 84000/ 500000 *100= 16.8%
Operating Profit Ratio =Operating Profit / Sales *100
Operating Profit = Net Profit + Non-Operating Expenses – Non Operating Incomes
= 84,000 + 2,000 – 6,000 = 80,000
= 80•000 / 5000000* 100 = 16%
Operating Ratio = ( Cost of Goods Sold + Operating Expenses)/Sales* 100
Cost of Goods Sold = Sales – Gross profit
5,00,000 – 2,00,000= 3,00,000
Operating Expenses
All Expenses Debited in the Profit & Loss A/c Except Non-Operating Expenses
[including Finance expense]
1,01,000 + 7,000 + 12,000 = 1,20,000
Operating Ratio = (3,00,000 + 1,20,0000) 500000 * 84%
Stock Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Stock
Costs of Goods Sold = 3,00,000
Average Stock = (Opening Stock + Closing Stock)/2
=(76,250 + 95,500) / 2
= 85,875

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