i ea TAVIS 6 Recommended Standards for Induction Bending of Pipe and Tube Developed and written by the Tube & Pipe Association, International Seem ri Viera or TP a Tut este Typ ern en ene ie @ ween“Thistle vated pbliction, Recommended Sundar for Induction Banding of Pipe on “Tube (TPAIBS-50),rpersodes the Vohuary Sanda or Inucsion Bending of Pipe (IPA-VIBS- £86) publhad bythe ntrational Ppe Asociatin in 1986. ' ‘This material is provided as a voluntary guide for induction bending of pipe and tube. In no respect is this presented as a requirement of anyone in the pipe and tube industry. These induction bending standards are presented for the benefit of the pipe and tube industry and users of its products. i ‘Application ofthese standards i strictly voluntary. Copyright © 1998 bythe Tube & Pipe Asocain, Intemational A technology sociation of he Fablestors & Mavuficnres Asociton Iceraconal All iit eave No par of hit publication may be reprodvcad in ey form without permion fen the publ Protd inthe United Sots of America %o.... ‘Tube & Pipe Assocation, ltenational 833 Feathentone Road Rocker, IL 611074302 Phone: (615) 3998700 Fas (615) 399-7279Ten6-98 Recommended Standards for Induction Bending of Pipe and Tube Indexres Recs RAVI 8 Part 1 Recommended Standards for Induction Bending of Pipe and Tube ‘Scope LL Those Standards set forth recommended procelues and ceria for making Anduction bend pipe and sbularpredocs, 1.2. The induction proce employ a hesing cll cate a narow crcumferentil, ‘heated band around the atrial to be Bent. When the appropiate temperature reached he material probed forward tough the coll a consent speed sod tempers while a bending moment i applied. Afr the material pases through the coll, ieay be cooled (quenched) by freed al ot water sey oft oy be sllowed tocoolnatuly a ambient temperate. 13 Manufecen or contctors may wth t fellow these Sundar in contacting {for or rncfying the bending ot processing of various fabricated materials, Tis noc the pups ofthese Sandards to exhale any manufaeue or eontacox ‘cto prot the ue of ny other bending proces which may be found co yield tate res 14) Nelther the TPA, the FMA, nor anyone ee lvlved in he frmelatin of thee Standarspuranee the pefomanceo lial of ery product proceed secording thee Standard.‘rasts38 eg PA 85 2.0 3.0 Bend railus ending Buckling Center to center Cedi daieter Reference Documents ‘code shall be formed ad reed in scondace with che fllowing applicable Codes snd Standard, which hall ensue the minimum requirement tobe mt by the percha design. (ASME BSL Lav Eon ‘ASME BSL3 Lawton ‘ASME BSL4 Lave Eakion ‘ASME BSLB Last Edon ‘ASME Section | Last Bacon Glossary of Terms and Definitions “To marae inthe udenanding sd amon wage of ending terminology, the ey coments of bod ae Ulneced a Paty Seton 13.0, ‘Figure 1-1. ‘The carved portion of bend See Centeioera. 1. A mechanical device cpable of forming «bend in a sight length of mae. 2A commercal or nail company engaged inthe busine of making bends. ‘The amount of force, (Le eor-poud) rogue wo init hangs of resin in sesight lena of mac abou the center of carat. Definite fl ees, or weal formed onthe surface ofthe pipe of ube during the bending operation. ‘A sricen procedure contining the parameters and information neces to ude he ‘operaco in producing bed which mor the requrement ofthis Standard ‘The dinance bewten the theoretical or caluated centers of wo adjoining bends. ‘Alo wed for dametie menrtement betven the ceneine of wo tngee points of bend, (se, 180 dagre bend for which the entt-o-cente dance wl be equal to toe the centeine ada). ‘The dance om the centri aio he pipe acoso the other centerline of 60 degree tenn bend.Centtlne radius (CLR) Cold bending °D" of bend Degree of bead ‘beeen bende ‘oBB) Trains 98 cs PADS IS ‘The dtance fom the center of curvature tothe centerline (axis) ofthe pipe, expressed number mukipied bythe ppeor ube se. For example, che bend rads of 5 xD bend franc nomial pipe she (NS) pipe or a 2-nchfbe is 10 inches. ‘The sight dstance memured becween the centrine pots of any two pola fabend. Tre being of pipe or shapes by old wosking a ambien emperatres. ‘The fore which chicken the ide wall of he bee. CCenetine ris (CLR) divided by the tbe diameter or nominal pipe sa, (Le. 15D, 3D, 5D, ete), Tre angle, expesed in uber of egress, eo which the bend ie ormed (Le, 45 degree, 90 dees, 180 degree.) ‘The aco Ieagh ofthe sought vecion berveen the angen pln of wo soaing bend (Le common eagent) ‘Tre ability ofthe mace o deform pail without cre, as measered by dongstin or educon of area in ene et. |The increase in length of rs specinen a hile ina ene est, expres as 0 peoencge ofthe orga length. 2. The increase in length of mater ibers during bending, expend wsa prom of ‘he xigial length. The ounide sc ofthe bend. Se Our ob plane. Sie Ovalty, The bending of pipe ot shapes through hot working methods Aouad promusion or bulge on che entra. Inside dame ofthe ppe or tube.aaias8 a A.M 86 Induction A method or proce of bending which employ an induction heating cil to crate # Tending arrow ctcmferetial, heated band acound the material wb bent. When the spproprint tempera i reached, the mare pased foreard through the col ata Content ped and vempertare while a bang moment i applied. After the meat ‘pases through the cll, maybe cole (quenched) by forced ar or water spy of maybe allowed to cool nasal a ambient repent. Tamer sdlun See trade side eaius See ntrados Tcrndon The inside at of he bend. Minion wall The wal chick pete on the ablation draving ox computed in acordance wth hicknese the applicable ecieation a the minimum sczapable for he design crc, [Neutral ede ‘Thac prion of th pipe or ube thats neler in coempreion nor tn elon. [Nowsiaal Usually refers to plpe sos wp co nd inching 17-inch LPS. Abo wed in reference t2 wall chicknes, generally as “mean” or avenge nese. Nonlcal OD. Usually eles reinencel pipe ss, noc sca OD. [Nondetuctve Examination of macs o produc in ways that donot pai fue seus in texting (NDT) onder to deter, locate, means, an evaluate defects and ther indications. [Noaiaal wall The mean oc average meaturament ofthe wall hcknes. OD. Ousidedlumeser ofthe pipe or tbe. Ouotline The deviation ofthe horuonta plane ofa sage bend betwen is tangent pone, band con the hese centerline of the bend ‘Outer radian See tends, (Outnide radius See Extends. COvality The dixartion of he cos-secton of lp o tie fom is nomal (rund) supe, ely cexpreed ar percentage ofthe dfeence between dhe mar snd minex axes of the staring mater compared tothe OD. before bending.“Tense serengih “Teaahon area wal Wall few Wal hicknes ‘Wal ing eld point ‘eld steeneth rms ae PAIS See Wall ater. . The plane ofa bod in elton tothe oi of he aright scion preceding it. Used spetialy for changes of plane in ecenive bends. See Centerline aus. ‘The morament of the bent pipe or tube toward ihe ena wright configuration ser release ofthe bending moment ‘The wight ron of mation er nd ofthe wc end “The there poie at which th end see ede “Theol which mateo eed il wl pee “Thee hich his the ude wll ofthe bed ‘The area a the tangent pont ofa bend that coves the change (zation) fom bent robent materia ‘The thichnes of tabular material, ally expected 2 “nomial” o “minima”. ‘The rao cf the pipe uide dtameter (0.0. to a wall heknes (9), (Le. OD40- “The thicknes of dhe marl, ual ated in “Schedl” for pipe ot “Gangs” fr oe. ‘The amount of reduction rom egal wall hiknas of pipe or tbe tothe sou of wal thickness remaining in the extras of bend ater forming. Sex Backing “The point at which mater permanently deforms during bending ‘The stress at which» mareril exhibits» speciid deviation fam proposal ta enue of et and sinreas ec AS AS 40 Ordering Information 5 441. leis recommended that oes ft pipe ad tbe incorporating induction bends shall inlode he flowing infomation: 4411 Matec pecicain and ode 412 Ode dame andl ihn 413 Minima wall hee oe ere 414 Quant 415 Bendel 416 Comatie ris 47 Caner tc oc eter tend dimension 418 End pepaation(1e uncut, saw or lame-o, machine: o flame beveled counter bored, et) 419 Nondemacsive eng aqurenens- 4.110 Desc eating requtement, ‘A111 Applible Codes ander Sand AML12 Cen o Docamenation 44115 Allnpplemenay pre regain 4.14 Whenever psi, ones for bends shoul abo inch the following dda informatio: 41.141 Mater conaauction- seams or welded 4.142 A serch oc doing, dng the bend configuration x racial thape where sch covdguncon or shape may be aaject 0 ‘quton o misieeretation. 41.43 Oval snr minum 1D. roqinemene, L144 Makiog reuiemencs 65.0 6.0 1.0 8.0 ‘eae 96 eas AVE 86 Materials . 5. Materials fo bending hall conform tothe applicable peciezions sod grade (ie, ASTM, APF, ec) at equesed bythe packer per Part 1, Section 4.11. 5.2. Mateals for bending shall be Ge om efecto contamination that may inhibit steer completion of bend 53. Suraces maybe cleaned by abrasive Bang, iling,o other purchase spromed method. Welds in Bends 61 Tabular products of welded consmution (login spiral x clrcumfrenial) ‘maybe bent under thee Standade (62 Ic toprefeced that ebulr produces with ongiline! wel ca, for single beds, have the sam located not more than fee (15) degen from the neural xs and elrably ward the ined ofthe bend. (63. Fox eubulr produce with crcurferendal ut well that wil be located within the atc ofthe bend, care mut be exercised a fp to minimize the LD. and OD. imbmatch. roe en bending, excentve weld bul-p shoul be removed. The weld procedure shoud be quale for this aplication. {64 All crcunferental butt wes nthe at ofthe bend shall be exmioed oer bending in accordance with the aplicable Coe, Sandan, ot spulated bythe purchaser Pre-Production Bend Qualification Procedure Pre production qualification of bende shal be performed in accordance with the bender quad writen procedares which shal be ln compllance with TPAIBS.98 Part 2— Standard Praclee or Qualification of Procedures. Heat Treatment ‘Any por-bend eat treatment required sol bein acconance with che eu etemined Lyte pre-production bend qualfetion procedure andlor prchasersipuation‘ratpsse eee ABS 9.0 Acceptance Criteria 94 92 93 94 9s 96 91 Por bend dimension hall be within he flloing tolerances: Radi of Rend. ar Depre of Bend (DOB) ...# 2degee Plane of Bend (FOB)... 1 degree acPlane of Bend... 1% Cereline Reus Linea Disanees +. # UB" for 12" NPS 6 under 3/16 for 4? w 24" NPS UM" foe shove 4" 36° NPS £98" for above 36° NPS 9.1.1 Varatons in the abowe tolerances hall be as tplaed bythe porchs ‘When required al bends hl be subject co measurement of ot-bend wall thickness by lesson examination at tres than thee separate leatons on the extads ofthe bend. Maximum all hinoing i noted in Table Ff ‘ ‘When rquted ll ends hal be measured for oval either by means of calipers or by C-gnge, in aceardance withthe applicable Code, Standard or sspulated by purchase. Maximum ovals noted in Table 12. All bend shall be examined vou for lamination, cracks, notches, gouges or eher nich Ij dees. ‘Suc impefections may be removed by grinding povided that the temalong wall eke within pected is, Iris charactrinic ofthe induction proces that an upset occurs at each tangent pint (arin) of «bend. The ate of cosmetic ature and not ‘exert the ben Berd in the final condition sal havea minimum of 10% ofeach quai prodvced randomly teed fr aufice bardnen3t the locations pesrbed in ‘ble 2-1 of TRAIBS-98.10.0 11.0 12.0 rrains8 ees PAV 8 Cleaning . ished Beds hl be cleaned regu by the purchase. Marking Fried bends shall be mark as equi bythe purchase Certification Alleetieain/ documentation shall be sequel by dhe purchase,‘Teast eps IPA VBS 13.0 Figures and Tablesaces ABS 8 Maximum Wall Thinning in % R= Contortne Ractive 1D = Outede Pipe Dlametor Dns Nominal OD. ‘at = Actua Well Prior Minus Actua! Wall Post 1 = Actual Wall Thickness Prior to Bending Interpolation ie perisstie for bending to intermediate rad, ‘ Table 1-1Plas AMS 86 Maximum Ovality in % Snax ~ Prin x 100% Ss 5a 22|23/33|29|23|39/99|99 $3/93/99/89/33/8a/ag\a8 3o/8 8/8 3/88/88 /Na 8/88 “D" of Bend sa/ssias|saiaalssiaaisa sfiedisgiedlegladieg ios + Maran terenuadD Aer Baoding amu DeerneedD Air Bonding (Dt = TheoreealD Beto Gencing + Yerinal 00 Conte Ras = Outside Pipe Diameter max rin Actual Wal Thicke Pre Bening Table 1-2 2TAs s8 Recs PAIS 6 Part 2 . Standard Practice for Qualification of Procedures Lo General Requirements LA Scope 1.1 Pare 2 ofthis Saad cover the prepantion and qualification of procedure specication fr bending various materi wing the Induction Bending Proce. 1.1.2 Pare 2 ofthis Standard exabluhes the minimure requirement nnd my be sepplemenced by adional purchaser requlement 2 Reference Documenss ’ 1.21 ASTM A370 - Methods and Defiions for Mechanical Teng of ‘Stel Produce 1.22 ASTM A262- Detecting Sucepubic 0 Icerganular Arck in Sean Sel, 13, Responsibity 1.311 ach manuficrrer is eaponile for beng performed by hls organization ) sed all conduct the wats required in accordonce with Table 2-1 of thie ‘Standard wo qualify he bending peocedhees wed. 1.3.2 ach manufcrre sal sins a permanent reat ofthe ests obtained tn the bending procedure qulifiaion tas. 14 Types nd Pupowes of Tests 14.1 The mechanical rx and menlagical examinations wed in bending procedure qualifications shall be a shown hereunder and all est specimens {hal be tke in accodance with he lean indicate in Table 2-1 Bads mS. |LA2 Tenslon Teste These tet determine Ved Strength, Tense Seng sand Elongation Properties ofthe bse mera and weld metal tn bo the ‘bend and che tangent aes 1.421 Teale prope shal be detemined in aceardance with ASTI A370. Tet apecimens may be rectangular plate type ot ound pe Specimen eientation (ransveneo longitudinal, hall be as ‘peed nthe oppicsle materi mecca, 1.4.22 In order to meet the requternent ofthe Tension Test, one (1) ‘spelen sal ke ete fo each action nd hall met the ‘eoied Vel Soength, Tele Scength and Elongation pec, , fot he material 143 Notch Toughness Tet - Charpy knpct trav wed to determine he notch roughness ofthe bse mea and the weld metal in both the bend aad the angen ees, 1LASLL Novch toughness proper shall be determined in accordance wits ‘ASTM A310. Thre (3) fllise (when posible) Charpy Type 'AV- [Notch specimens fom esch location dhl be ested. The at of be specimen hl be wansvene to che axis ofthe materia he notch perpendicular to the suic. (or diameters smaller than 8 Inches dhe pein maybe glial). 143.2 The scepance eters andthe tx temperaies hl be de mene ss required for che material re tipaated by purchares, 144 Pardoes Test» These st detemine the hardnes ofthe bse metal, weld eat fected mone, bend, ranston ses and he tangent ae 1.4.1 Hordes ts performed on the bend sutie shall be performed ‘ting Rockwell, Biel rater approved methods. Hades ests of welds and heat fected tones ould be performed wing ‘micohardes Vickers o Knoop scale, 1.45 Suscepability to Ieergralat Corrosion For sil eel bends, the seeptiiliy to inegrnulr ack aocared withthe precipitation of chomlum abides ie eed in accordance with ASTM A262, Practices ted E. 4‘Tease. ee AIRS 85 2.0 Bending Procedures 21. Bending Procedure Speietions 21 Each manufac shal repute a writen procedure fr bending of the ‘materials pr the exenial variables and material woup quali to demonstrate tha ends having sable mechanical proper sch sere dace and hardness can be frmed by that procedure. 21.1.2 Changes may be made in nonewentil variable, Le chose other than the variables lined i Table 2-2 (Etna Viable) 22. Bending Pree Quine 2.21 Each manufac all be que to uly bending poe by ang there eft nd eng he pecimens ad cording the res ina rca quliienion rou 22.2 Teng hal be io accordance wih Table 21 ® 2.23 Inthe vet hat my oe etal omen he equ teria are shal be peomed nach eae in scononce with he psd wat condone 3.0 Essential Variables ‘Abending procedure must be reualied when a change is made in any ofthe snplcableesenral variables beyond the iis indleated in Tale 2-2.Teai0s.98 a A.V 86 40 Material Groups 41. Mots rouge reo flows: 4:11 Geoup 1 - Caton Stel 4.12 Grow 2-Catbon Steel (Spel Minimuen Yi 42,000 - $6000) 413 Group} Catbon Stel (Spected Minimum Yeld 260000) 4.14 Group 4- Low lnenmediate Alloy (04 82.0 CR-MO) 415 Grow 5- Low ltemediat Alloy (20960 CRMO) 416 Group 6 Low Ineo: Alloy (6D t 105 CR-MO) 417 Group? - Chrome Nickel 4418 Group 8- Sankar See 50 Industry/TPA Communication Any comments oF gestions perning tothe Recommended Stands fo Inducsion Bending of Pipe ad Tabe shouldbe dicted to: The 6 Pp Aso Itt! Beg, Beeecias Rested Loon Phone: (615) 3998700 Fax (815) 399-7279 16eo, spares ae any one, vam opea separa wel 0 WOREICT © ssa], uopeoyqeNd) empavoig pug @ 2TABS eps A.V 86 {tay chaage te owing essen vartios rogues request: “Contig Tp! =a wa. Fs a Table 22 16