Course Equipment

Part Number Description Sum QTY

PMP 450 Equipment Lab Workstation (Order 1 Lab Workstation for every 3 students)
C050045A001A PMP450i CONNECTORIZED WIDEBAND ACCESS POINT 1
N000000L034A Gigabit Enet Capable Pwr Supply PMP 450i 1
N000900L007A CABLE, UL POWER SUPPLY CORD SET, US 1
C054045C008 5 GHz PMP 450 Connectorized Subscriber Module, Uncapped 2
ACPSSW-09B 13.6W, 29.5V 100-240VAC/50-60Hz - SM Pwr Supply 2

30009406002 N-to-N CABLE (16") 2

ZB2PD-63-N+ 2-Way Power Divider, 600 to 6000 MHz, N-Male 2

ZB4PD1-5.8-N+ 4-Way Power Divider, 4600 to 5800 MHz, N-Male 0
BW-N40W5+ Precision Fixed Attenuator - 50Ω 5W 40dB DC to 6 GHz 4

530-01 BK 1 FT Cat5e Ethernet Patch Cable - Standard Boot - Black 1

530-03 BK 3 FT Cat5e Ethernet Patch Cable - Standard Boot - Black 3

PMP 450 Equipment (Order per Class)

85009325001 5.4-6.0 GHZ, ANTENNA FOR 60 DEGREE SECTOR 1
600SS SURGE SUPPRESSOR (100BT) 1
SMMB2A Universal Mounting Bracket, Heavy Duty 1
C054045C004B 5 GHz PMP 450 Integrated Subscriber Module, Uncapped 1
ACPSSW-09B 13.6W, 29.5V 100-240VAC/50-60Hz - SM Pwr Supply 2
C050000D001A CLIP (CASSEGRAIN LENS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE) 1
HK2022A 53CM OFFSET, REFLECTOR DISH KIT, 4PK 1
ACATHS-01A ALIGN TOOL HSET 1
1096H UNIVERSAL GPS MODULE 1

1 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Sample Lab Configuration

2 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

PMP 450 Technical
Training
Agenda
 Solution Overview

 Planning

 Installation

 Configuration

 Optimization

2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved 4

 Terms and Conditions of the Presentation

• This document is proprietary and confidential information of Cambium Networks, Inc. (“Cambium”), and is licensed to
and intended to be used solely for internal, personal, use by the individual to whom this document was sold (“you” or
“Student”). ©2019 Cambium Networks, Inc.
• These materials are licensed to the Student on a personal, non-assignable, non-transferable, non-exclusive basis to,
and intended to be used by you solely for your internal, personal, use, with no right to copy, reproduce, replicate, or
distribute, either physically or electronically, any part hereof. No part of these materials may be reproduced or
distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of Cambium. You agree not to remove from these materials any of Cambium’s proprietary and/or copyright
notice(s).
• The information presented in these materials are for general information and training purposes only, and are updated
by Cambium on a regular basis. However, the information contained herein is provided by Cambium on an "as is" and
"as available" basis, and Cambium makes no (and has not authorized any other party to make on its behalf any)
representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about these materials or any information contained
herein being accurate, complete, reliable, suitable, current, or error-free, or that you will pass any certification exam as
a result of your use of these materials. Any reliance you place on these materials is therefore strictly at your sole
risk. In no event will Cambium be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect or consequential
loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising out of, or in connection with, the use of, reference to or
reliance on these materials.

5 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

PMP 450 Solution Overview
Where it all started with Canopy PMP 450
 Business Challenges

Precious Spectrum Rural Capacity Revenue Per User

Operators are always fighting for: In rural areas where the cost of Need the ability to increase average
• Clean frequencies trenching cables is not an option, it revenue per user (ARPU) by adding
• Usable Spectrum leaves remote areas with poor or additional service options such as
• Low Interference nonexistent Internet connections. voice and video without the need to
Operators need connectivity beyond continuously upgrading devices
the reach of wired or fiber networks.

Not only is the cost to build a

wireless network much lower than
wireline deployment, the
construction time is significantly less.

8 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

PMP 450 Platform Overview
Access Points PMP 450i 900 MHz Subscriber Modules

450i 900 AP with 900 SM 450b 450b 450i 450i 450 SM 450 SM with
450m 5 GHz 3 GHz 450i Connectorized PMP 450 AP Sector with Yagi Mid-gain High Gain Integrated Connectorized Integrated Reflector Dish
450i

Access Points Subscriber Modules

450m cnMedusa 450i 450 450b 450i 450
Frequency Bands 3 GHz, 5 GHz 900 MHz, 3 GHz, 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 3 GHz, 5 GHz 3 GHz, 5 GHz 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz

Channel Size 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz 5|7|10|15|20|30|40 MHz

Physical Layer 14 x 14 MU-MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM 2 x 2 MIMO / OFDM

Interface Gigabit, SFP Gigabit 100 Mbit Gigabit Gigabit 100 Mbit

2nd Ethernet port PoE out 2nd Ethernet port PoE out 2nd Ethernet port PoE out

Environmental IP 67, IP 66 IP 67, IP 66 IP 67, IP 66 IP 55 (Mid-gain), IP 67, IP 66 IP 55

IP 67 (High Gain)

Latency 7-10 ms 3-5 ms 3-5 ms 3-5 ms 3-5 ms 3-5 ms

Performance 1.2 Gbps+ 300+ Mbps 200+ Mbps 300+ Mbps 300+ Mbps 100+ Mbps

Powering Methods 40 – 60 V PoE 48-59 V PoE 30V PoE 30V PoE 48-59 V PoE 30V PoE

Cambium Proprietary 802.3at Compatible Cambium Proprietary Cambium Proprietary 802.3at Compatible Cambium Proprietary
PoE Pinout PoE Pinout PoE Pinout PoE Pinout

Power Consumption 85 W Max, 70 W Typical 19 W Max, 16 W Typical 15 W max, 12 W typical 12 W max, 9 W typical 19 W max, 16 W typical 12 W max, 9 W typical

Max Power +42 dBm EIRP +44 dBm EIRP +22 dBm Tx Power +44 dBm EIRP (mid-gain) +50 dBm EIRP +22 dBm Tx Power
+27 dBm Tx Power +51 dBm EIRP (High gain) +27 dBm Tx Power

Antenna 90°/120° Sector 90°/120° Sector: 17 dBi

9 dBi: Integrated (2.4 GHz)
(3 and 5 GHz) Connectorized, 17 dBi: Mid-Gain 23 dBi (5 GHz)
14 x 14 MU-MIMO external 60° 24 dBi: High Gain (5 GHz) 19 dBi (3 GHz)
Connectorized, external
Downlink Beamforming Connectorized, external 60° Sector Sector Antenna available 19 dBi: High Gain (3 GHz)* Integrated Flat Panel
12 dBi Yagi (900 MHz)
Uplink Beamforming Antenna (900 MHz)

SMs Supported Per Sector 238 238 238

PMP 450 Portfolio Overview 03252019

cambiumnetworks.com
450 Platform Family Interfaces

PMP 450m Series – AP PMP/PTP 450i – AP/SM/BH PMP 450b Mid-Gain – SM PMP 450b High Gain – SM

PMP/PTP 450 – SM/BH PMP/PTP 450 - AP

 Options for Every Frequency

https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/pmp-distribution/

11 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 PMP 450 APs and SMs

Access Points Subscriber Modules

• PMP 450 • PMP 450

• PMP 450i • PMP 450i

• PMP 450m • PMP 450b

12 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 PMP 450 Platform Key Facts

• All devices are environmentally rated IP 67, IP 66 or IP 55

• Most of the devices has a 2 X 2 MIMO / OFDM physical

layer with the exception of PMP 405m which has a 14 X 14
MU-MIMO / OFDM Physical Layer

• All devices support channel sizes 5|10|15|20|30|40 MHz.

3GHz devices also support 7 MHz channel size

• All APs support up to 238 subscriber modules per sector

• APs support 802.3at PoE with SMs supporting 30V

Cambium Proprietary PoE.

13 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Benefits of cnMedusa PMP 450m: Leading-Edge Technical Innovation

More than 3x Capacity vs. 450/450i

• cnMedusa™ Massive MU-MIMO technology
allows simultaneous communication with up to seven SMs
Supreme Spectral Efficiency
• Achieve over 400 Mbps in a 20 MHz channel
Protect Your Investment
• Continue using existing SMs
Enhanced Link Stability
• Uplink Interference mitigation due to beamforming
• Uplink Rx Sensitivity improvements (5-6 dB better)
Advanced Processing Capability
• >100k PPS

One Simple device to install

• Simple Installation and Increased Reliability
• Integrated 90° sector beam-forming array, ZERO RF cables to connect
or weatherproof
• A single Ethernet cable to connect
• 20” x 25” x 4” (52x65x11 cm) |40 lbs. (18.3 kg)

2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

6,000+ cnMedusa PMP 450m Deployed

Tripling Capacity or be er

Hundreds of Networks
Better U lizing Spectrum

https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/resource/mu-mimo-solution-paper/
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 System Components: PMP Radio

• The PMP radio is a ruggedized outdoor IP rated

transceiver device.

• All radios contain all the intelligent radio protocols,

advanced networking features, and surge
suppression electronics.

• The PMP 450i Series and PMP 450 Series ODUs

are supplied in Integrated or Connectorized
configurations.

• The PMP 450m Series AP is supplied in

Integrated configuration only.

16 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: Backhaul (PTP)

The PTP Backhaul radio is a

transceiver device.

It is a connectorized or integrated All

radios contain all the intelligent radio
protocols, advanced networking
features, and surge suppression
electronics.

It can be configured as:

• Backhaul Master (BHM)
• Backhaul Slave (BHS)

17 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: ATEX / HAZLOC Variant

PTP/PMP 450i series products are

available in ATEX/Hazloc variants for
operation in locations where explosive
gas hazards exist, as defined by
Hazloc (USA) and ATEX (Europe).

In order to meet specific radio

regulations in the USA, Canada and
the EU, Cambium supplies products
approved for USA, Canada, EU and
the rest of the world under different
models and part numbers.

18 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: Diagnostic LEDs

Device LEDs provide diagnostic

information which will vary depending
on the device deployed and how it is
configured. In general it will display:

• Power status
• Presence and status of Sync
• Data activity and speed

19 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: Power Supply Option

The 450 Platform Family ODUs are powered via

the primary Ethernet cable using Power Over
Ethernet (POE).

The power injector is connected to the ODU and

network terminating equipment using outdoor,
shielded Cat5e cable with shielded RJ45
connectors.

The PMP 450m, 450i Series also support

powering from AC+DC Enhanced Power
Injector.

20 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: Mounting Brackets & Accessories

The 450 allows for various accessories and

mounting brackets including:

 Mounting brackets integrated

 Mounting brackets connectorized
 Tilt bracket assembly
 Ethernet cable adapter dongle
 RH-45 gland spare - PG 16 style
 Blanking plug pack
 Surge Suppresor

21 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 System Components: Lightning Protection

The 450 Platform Family supports

lightning protection units.

The Lightning Protection Unit

(LPU) offers the highest level of
protection and is the
recommended device. Where low
cost deployment is essential, for
example for SM in residential
application, the Gigabit Surge
Suppressor may be used instead.

22 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Antennas

Each connectorized ODU requires one external antenna

(normally dual-polar).

For connectorized units operating in the US or Canada 900

MHz, 4.9 GHz, 5.1 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 5.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz
bands, choose external antennas which are recommended
by Cambium Networks. Is is not recommended to install
any other antennas.

23 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Key Intelligent Features: Synchronization

24 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Dynamic Interference Filter

25 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 MU-MIMO

26 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Cloud Management

• Quickly find a device using

the Search function.

• cnMaestro operates a
hierarchical display.
• Use Networks and Towers
to organize your system.
• Click to focus on
problematic devices
• See the status of all your
devices in a single view
• All from your single
Cambium account

27 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Streamlined Installation

• cnArcher™ is a free mobile app developed by

Cambium Networks designed to give field techs the
information they need to configure and properly align
Cambium Networks PMP subscriber modules.

• Reduces installation time

• Increases performance with optimized aiming
• Automatically populate GPS lat/long on every
subscriber
• Validates installations while on site
• Reduces repeat engineer visits to correct
alignment issues
• Increases customer satisfaction

28 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Installation and Performance Tools

The AP and SM GUIs provide several tools to analyze the operating

environment, system performance and networking, including:
Spectrum Analyzer Alignment Tool Capacity Test Tool

29 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Typical Deployments: Mast or Tower | Roof

30
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Typical Deployments: Roof| GPS Receiver Wall

31
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Applications

What will your deployment support?

32 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Planning
Planning: Radio Frequency
What is Radio and how did we get here?

Radio Frequency is small part of what is referred to as Electromagnetic

Radiation (EMR) Spectrum. We are exposed to EMR every day, both naturally
and man made
Radio Frequency Terms
dBm Decibel (dB) are used to relate the Amplitude How tall is the wave.
attenuation (loss) of a wireless signal.
Decibel Milliwatt (dBM) power
referred to as milliwatt.
RSSI Indication of the power level being Frequency and The frequency of a wave is the number of
received by the radio. The higher of Wavelength waves that pass by each second, and is
the RSSI number, the stronger the measured in Hertz (Hz). Suppose a wave
signal repeats itself 3 times each second, then we
Signal to Noise Measure that compares the level of a say frequency of that wave is 3 Hz.
Ratio desired signal to the level of
background noise. A ratio higher than
1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more
signal than noise.
Attenuation The loss of amplitude in the frequency of the
Measured in dB (relative radio wave as it travels in free space.
measurement)
Abbreviated term “SNR”

Phase The distance between the radio wave

from a reference starting point.
 Frequency vs. Coverage

All radio signals weaken (attenuate) as they travel through the air (propagate).

Low Frequency – Low Amplitude

Low Frequency – High Amplitude

High Frequency – Low Amplitude

High Frequency – High Amplitude

37 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Understanding Magnetic and Electric Fields

Electronic Field Space within which an electric

charged object will feel a push
(like) or pull (unlike) from a
charged source. An electric
field can generate a magnetic
field.
Magnetic Field A force produced by a moving
electric field that exists around
a magnet. A magnetic field can
generate an electric field.

Electromagnetic A propagating combination of

Wave electric and magnetic fields.
The alternating current (AC) in
the antenna generates a
magnetic field which creates
an electric field forever.

38 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Deployment Considerations

Line of Sight RF Fading Spectrum Availability

enlaces con linea de vista
• Is path clear (buildings, trees, hills, etc) • What if interference is present?
• Antenna Mast movement • Co-Channel Interference | Jamming

39 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Clear Path

 Line of Sight (LOS)

 Near Line of Sight (nLOS)

 Non Line of Sight (NLOS

40 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Path loss: Free space path loss
Formula de Pat loss, segun la frecuencia se atenua por la distancia, calcula la atenuacion
FSPL Free space loss is a ‘simple’ calculation :  wavelength( m ) 2 
10 log10  
 4    distance  2
 (m) 
FSPL (dB) =
Negative Value Speed of Light (m/s)
Wavelength 
Frequency (Hz)
--- or ---

FSPL (dB) =
  4  2 
Positive Value 10 log10   df  
 c  

Simplified to FSPL (dB) =
Positive Value 20 log10 d   20 log10 (f )  147.56

Shortcut: Every doubling of distance is -6dB, 1/2 is +6dB

41
 Free Space loss vs Frequency to 20Km

http://www.l-com.com/content/Wireless-Calculators.html
42
 Radio Basics - Overview

Making a link from A to B: a series of gains and losses

Antenna Path Antenna

(Gain) (Loss) (Gain)
Transmission Transmission
Line (Loss) Line (Loss)

Radio TX Radio RX
(Output Power) (Threshold)

43
 Radio Basics – Transmit Power

• The higher the radio’s output power the better for a radio link
• Transmit power is often limited by regulations.
• The output power is usually measured in dBm or Watts.

44
 Radio Basics – Transmit Power vs EIRP

• Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Example EIRP Calculation

• Describes the amount of power that a Tx Power 25dBm
theoretical perfect isotropic antenna would
emit to produce the peak power density +
observed in the direction of maximum Antenna Gain 28dBi
antenna gain. -
• EIRP is sometimes used as the unit to limit Cable Loss 1dB
transmit power EIRP 52dBm
• EIRP (in dBm) = Transmit (Tx) power of the
Radio (in dBm)
+ Gain of the Antenna (in dBi)
- Cable loss (in dB)
en un equipo conectorizado se calcula de esta manera.
trasmincion (potencia) + Ganacia de antena - Perdiada
de cables y conectores = EIRP ganacia total del enlace

45
 Making the Link: Transmission Loss

• Loss occurs in any radio cable, but usually the higher the frequency, the higher
the loss.
• This RF cable should be kept as short as possible and be of a high standard,
radios with integrated Antennas have no loss.
• Is usually expressed in dB.

46
 Making the Link: Antenna Gain

• Antennas have gain as they focus the radio energy into a narrow beam and
have large surface areas to receive more of the signal.
• In most cases larger antennas have higher gains and narrower beam width.
Larger antenna are harder to align, but due to there narrower beam width pick
up less noise/interference.

47
 System Gain Example: PMP Using Integrated Antennas, FCC 5.8GHz, 20MHz, 2x

Antenna
(Gain)
Antenna
(Gain) Transmission
Transmission Line (Loss)
Radio Line (Loss) Radio
(Output Power) (Threshold)

Tx Power 20dBm EIRP 36dBm Antenna Gain 9dBm

Antenna Gain + 17dBi Minimum Receive Receive

level -93dBi threshold -84dBi
Transmission Loss - 1dB
System Gain Transmission Loss - 0dB
EIRP 36dBm (Difference
Minimum Receive
between the above
level -93dBm
figures) 129dB

Note:- Integrated Units Have no Transmission Loss

48
 System Gain - Loss Example:
PMP Using Integrated Antennas, FCC 5.8GHz, 20MHz, 2x, 10m 16km

Antenna
(Gain)
Antenna
(Gain) Transmission
Transmission Line (Loss)
Radio Line (Loss) Radio
(Output Power) (Threshold)

EIRP 36dBm
Tx Power 20dBm Antenna Gain 9dBm
Minimum Receive
Antenna Gain + 17dBi level -93dBi Receive threshold -84dBi

Transmission Loss - 1dB System Gain Transmission Loss - 0dB

(Difference between
EIRP 36dBm Minimum Receive
the above figures) 129dB
level -93dBm
Free Space Loss
(10miles, 16km) 131.87dB

Fade Margin -2.87

49
 Antennas

Omnidirectional Antenna Directional Antenna

• Signal goes in all direction • Signal goes in a single primary direction

Elevation Azimuth

50 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Antenna Front-to-Back Ratio

What other elements can cause interference?

51 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Point-to-Point vs. Point-to-Multipoint

Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint

52 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Synchronization

AP6 AP1

SM
AP5 AP2

AP4
C
M
M
AP3

AP1

AP2
AP3
AP4

AP5
AP6

Se regulan todos los ap bajo el msmo time, no tiene limitante a

Etapa sin sincronizacion, transmiten en el momento que otro reciven cantidad de equipos, se realiza el estudio y calculo del front do
esto crea autoInterferencia. back, power control automatic,+ GPS, entre otros.
esto permite sincronizar que los equipos transmitan todos al
mismo tiempo y reciban de igual manera.
53 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Air Interface Structure

• The basic frame is 2.5ms or 5ms, Basic Frame: = Downlink

divided into uplink and downlink. 2.5ms or 5ms = Uplink

• Access Point modules communicate

with Subscriber Modules using Point
to Multipoint protocol.
= Downlink
Basic Frame: 75% Downlink = Uplink
2.5ms or 5ms
25% Uplink = Uplink data
packets

54 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Air Frame Overview

UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont.

AP Transmit (Downlink) AP Receive (Uplink)

Guard Time

Guard Time • For each module (AP or SM), guard time exists between the module’s transmit and receive. This guard time Allows devices to use the same
radio channel and prevents uplink and downlink transmissions from colliding/overlapping with each other.

Downlink •
•
Beacon and Uplink Schedule slots are fixed, and are always broadcast by the AP.
No other fixed slot allocation; if no requests for uplink, then ack slots are used for data.
• AP can transmit up to 9 acknowledgements; this is variable, based on activity and demand.
• Downlink schedule is calculated but not broadcast.
• Data slots contain fragmented user data
Data Slots • System designed for maximum efficiency

Uplink • All uplink traffic is scheduled by the AP, based on incoming requests.
• Contention slots are used for contention between SMs requesting to send packets and during the registration process if no empty uplink data
slots are available
• The minimum number of control slots to be reserved is set by the operator. This is based on the number of SM’s and/or the amount of real time
Uplink traffic

Contention • Starting Point - Contention Slots for typical WISP deployment

• If continuous uplink CONGESTION is present such as video surveillance, addition contention slots may need to be added
Slots • Insufficient contention slots can result in increased latency

55 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Air Frame Overview: Example – 75% Downlink

• The Downlink/Uplink ratio is set on the AP

• The AP broadcasts to its SMs information on:
• The ratio of downlink to uplink transmission
• The amount of time the SM needs to wait before it sends information back to the AP (Guard Time)
• The SM will adjust based on AP’s information
• Different applications might require different ratios of Downlink and Uplink capacity

Guard Time

UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont..

AP Transmit (Downlink) AP Receive (Uplink)

56 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Air Frame Overview: PMP with High Priority Channel

The scheduling program looks at all the requests and sends high priority traffic first, even to the
exclusion of low priority traffic.

UL 0–9 0–9 0 – 15
Beacon Data Data
Sched Ack Ack Cont.

AP Transmit (Downlink) AP Receive (Uplink)

Note: Enabling the High Priority channel reduces the number of channels available to the AP. With this feature
enabled on all SMs, an AP can support 119 SMs, instead of 238 SMs.

57 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 CDMA and TDMA

CDMA TDMA
CDMA is short for Code-Division Multiple Access, a TDMA is short for Time Division Multiple Access, a
digital cellular technology that uses spread- technology for delivering digital wireless service
spectrum techniques. CDMA does not assign a using time-division multiplexing (TDM). TDMA
specific frequency for each user placing or receiving technology divides a radio frequency into time slots
a call. Individual conversations are encoded with a and then allocates these time slots to multiple calls.
pseudo-random digital sequence scheme. In this way, a single frequency can support multiple,
simultaneous data channels.

58 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Frequency Division Duplexing

Symmetric Asymmetric

59 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Frequency Division Duplexing: TDD vs. FDD

Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) are an
important concept in how information is sent and received.

If you think of information traveling on a highway, TDD is a one lane road where
traffic can only go one car at a time. FDD allows for information to travel both
ways on the road simultaneously.

60 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Frequency Division Duplexing

Transmitter Medium Receiver

Receiver Medium Transmitter

Transmitter Medium Receiver

Receiver Medium Transmitter

61 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Modulation: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM is one of the fastest types actually

sending two signals that are out of phase with each other and then somehow
“putting the pieces back together” for even faster throughput.

62
 Modulation: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Generally speaking, the faster the data rate the more powerful signal needs to
be at the receiver to be decoded.

63
 Planning: Site Deploymnet

64 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Site Survey: Question to Ask

 What is the geographic area to be covered?

 How many subscribers will be served?
 What is the terrain?
 What man-made and natural obstacles exist (trees, buildings, water)?
 What other microwave radio services may present a source of interference?
 Site Survey: Things to Consider

All of these items must be considered when

designing a wireless network:

• What types of structures will be required to

provide wireless network service to your
proposed customer base?
• What are the power requirements for the
proposed installation?
• What type of applications will be required over
the wireless link?

66 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Site Survey

PMP 450 modules provide line-of-sight

and near-line-of-sight transmissions.

At the site location you can use a handheld

spectrum analyzer to perform RF and EMF test
and measurements to determine interference,
available bands and compliance.

67 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Tools

LINKPlanner Capacity Planner Wireless Network Design Planner

Allows you to model “what if” Will offer quick help in determining Support wireless operators
scenarios – based on geography, the expected performance in terms throughout the network life-cycle,
distance, antenna height, transmit of distances of a PMP Series system from initial design to densification
power, and other factors – to operating in line-of-sight (LOS) and optimization. Planning tools,
optimize system performance before propagation condition according to such as Atoll, offers unique
purchase. the configuration of several system capabilities of using both predictions
parameters like channel bandwidth and live network data throughout
and antenna selection. the network planning and
optimization process.

http://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/planning-tools

68 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 The Tools: What they do?

With capacity and equipment

information provided, the last part is to
create and define your radio-planning
project with:

• Coverage Modeling (Heat Maps)

• Frequency Planning
• Best Server Signal
• Clutter Classes & Interference Inputs
• Drive Test Optimization
• Traffic and Capacity Modeling

69 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Channel Planning

Frequency Reuse

Frequency reuse is the process of using the same radio frequencies on radio transmitter sites within a
geographic area that are separated by sufficient distance to cause minimal interference with each other.

A
C B A B C D
B C
B A D C
A

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 Channel Planning: Which plan is better?

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 Channel Planning: 5 Sectors on a Tower

Symbol Frequency
A 5.740 GHz
B 5.760 GHz
C 5.780 GHz

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 Channel Planning: Spectrum Analysis

• Use a Spectrum Analyzer to sweep the proposed coverage area to determine existing RF
activity.
• Cambium APs and SMs can be used as spectrum analyzers.
• Operators can perform a remote SM Spectrum analysis from the AP.
• Full spectrum scanning with zooming in/out to view power information on a specific frequency.

• Conduct spectrum analysis at several different times of day for a more complete picture of the
RF environment.

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 LINKPlanner Demonstration

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 You Try… LINKPlanner

 Download LINKPlanner from Cambium Support

 Create a New Project
 Create a New Site
 Create a New Hub
 Set up new hub as Network Site for a PMP 450i 20 MHZ
channel on 5.8 GHz band with a max range of 2 miles
 Add two New Subscriber Sites
 Add SMs to APs
 Adjust parameters to view impact on links

75 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 You Try… Frame Calculator

• Current Deployment PMP 450 APs

Channel Size Percent DL end UL start
• 4 PMP 450 Aps in a cluster (5 GHz)
• 30MHz Channel 10 75

• Downlink: 75%, Max Range 10 miles, 3

contention slots
PMP 450i APs
• Planned Migration on existing Tower
Range Percent Contention DL end UL start
• 4 PMP 450i APs in a cluster (5 GHz) Slots

• 20MHz Channel
• Expected Customers: up to 60 per AP
• Customers all within a 20 mile Range
• Downlink: As close to 60% as possible
• Use PMP450/450 Co-locate spreadsheet to
determine what new settings are possible

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 Installation

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 Typical Deployments: Mast or Tower | Roof

78
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Typical Deployments: Roof| GPS Receiver Wall

79
2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Preparation: Inventory Checklist

Prior to getting onsite, installers need to check that

the correct components and accessories are
available and verify the contents of all packages
against their packing lists.

You can verify the correct components were ordered

against the partners listed in the PMP 450 user
guide or against the LINKPlanner generated BOM.

80 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Preparation: Preparing the Installers

Check that the following specific tools

are available, in addition to general
tools:

 RJ45 crimp tool

 Personal Computer (PC) with 10 or 100 or
1000 BaseT Ethernet port or a cell phone
with cnArcher with battery dongle
 Web browser
 Ethernet patch cables

81 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Preparation: Preparing the Units

It is common practice to pre-configure

the units during staging before site
installation.

 Connect to the unit and configure IP and

Ethernet Interfaces
 Upgrade the software if needed
 Configure basic radio parameters to
establish a base link
 Configure remote access

82 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Preparation: Preparing the Units

After the equipment is unpacked, Cambium recommends that units be pre-configured ‘on the
bench’ before being deployed.
Power Up Verify LED Connect Ethernet Port
Connect the 450 series unit to the On the 450 series radio the On the PC, configure the Ethernet
PoE power supply and a suitable PC. diagnostic LEDs report the port for a static IP address using the
information about the status of the 169.254.X.X range. Enter a subnet
 Connect an Ethernet cable from the PC to device. mask of 255.255.0.0. Leave the
the ‘data’ port on the PoE supply
default gateway blank.
 Connect another Ethernet cable from the  Check that the Power LED is always lit after
PoE supply ‘data and power’ port to the 450 20 seconds of power on  Using a web browser, navigate to factory
radio default web address 169.254.1.1 and log-in.
 Link is established and activity is
 Plug the PoE supply power cord into a transmitting  Enter Username and Password and click
power outlet and switch on Login. (factory default login and password is
 Ethernet Link is established
admin/admin)
 Check that the power LED on the PoE
supply illuminates
LEDs provide different status of radio
based on the operating modes.
83 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Preparation: Preparing the Units

To test the devices, you need to complete the basic device configurations.
Region and Country Frequency Band Carrier and Bandwidth Power Control
Click on the General tab Log into the device and Go Log into the device and Go Navigate back to the Power
and scroll down to the to the Radio tab. to the Radio tab. Control menu via the
Region Settings: Radio tab.
 From the Radio Configuration  From the Radio Configuration
menu, select the required menu, select an appropriate  Check that the EIRP or Tx is set
 Check that the region code
frequency band and press Save carrier and bandwidth. to the correct value for the
matches the region where the
Changes and Reboot. Alternate carriers may need to country in which the radio is
unit is to be deployed. If it is
be selected for 5.4GHz and deployed.
not, select the correct region.
5.7Ghz bands for the EU
Do not proceed further unless the
 Click in the Country box, to versions of the radio and for
EIRP or Tx is set within the national
select the country where the DFS bands.
regulations. If you are configuring a
unit will be deployed or if not
 Press Save Changes and connectorized unit, additional
listed select ‘Other’.
Reboot. steps may be required.
 Press the Save Changes and
then Reboot.

84 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 PMP 450i 5 GHz Unboxing and Installation

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 PMP 450b High Gain Installation

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 cnMedusa PMP 450m Installation

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 cnMedusa PMP 450m Ports

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 Cabling Best Practices

Following these practices for reliable cabled connections:

 Use only shielded cables to resist interference.
 For vertical runs, provide cable support and strain relief.
 Include a 2-ft (0.6-m) service loop on each end of the cable to allow for thermal expansion
and contraction and to facilitate terminating the cable again when needed.
 Include a drip loop to shed water so that most of the water does not reach the connector at
the device.
 Properly crimp all connectors.
 Use dielectric grease on all connectors to resist corrosion.
 Use only shielded connectors to resist interference and corrosion

89 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Cable Pins

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 How to Properly Terminate a Cable

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 Surge Suppression

Structures, equipment and people

must be protected against power
surges (typically caused by lightning)
by conducting the surge current to
ground via a separate preferential solid
path. The actual degree of protection
required depends on local conditions
and applicable local regulations.

92 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Surge Suppression

The ‘rolling sphere method’ is used to determine where it is safe to mount

equipment. An imaginary sphere, typically 50 meters in radius, is rolled over the
structure creating zones where the sphere rests against the ground and a strike
termination device.

In this zone a direct In this zone, direct EMD

lightning strike is (lightning) effects are still
possible. Do not possible, but mounting in
mount equipment in this zone significantly
this zone. reduces the possibility of a
direct strike. Mount
equipment in this zone

93 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Surge Suppression

Tower Installation
• AP must be lower than the top of the
tower or its lightning air terminal.
• Tower or mast must be correctly
grounded.
• A grounding kit must be installed at the
first point of contact between the drop
cable and the tower, near the top.
• A grounding kit must be installed at the
bottom of the tower, near the vertical to
horizontal transition point. This grounding
kit must be bonded to the tower or tower
ground bus bar (TGB), if installed.

94 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Surge Suppression

Wall Installation
• The equipment must be lower than the top
of the building or its lightning air terminal.
• The building must be correctly grounded.

Always refer to installation instructions

provided in the guide for proper
installation and grounding.

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 Surge Suppression

High Rise Installation

• AP must be below the lightning terminals and finials.

• A grounding conductor must be installed around the roof

perimeter, to form the main roof perimeter lightning
protection ring.

• Air terminals are typically installed along the length of the

main roof perimeter lightning protection ring typically every
6.1m (20ft).

• The main roof perimeter lightning protection ring must

contain at least two down conductors connected to the
grounding electrode system. The down conductors should
be physically separated from one another, as far as
practical.

• The drop cable shield must be bonded to the building

grounding system at the entry point to the building.
96 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
 Surge Suppression

Grounding Best Practices

 Grounding conductors must be run as short, straight, and smoothly as possible, with the fewest
possible number of bends and curves.

 Grounding cables must not be installed with drip loops.

 All bends must have a minimum radius of 203 mm (8 in) and a minimum angle of 90°. A diagonal run is
preferable to a bend, even though it does not follow the contour or run parallel to the supporting
structure.

 All bends, curves and connections must be routed towards the grounding electrode system, ground
rod, or ground bar.

 Grounding conductors must be securely fastened.

 Braided grounding conductors must not be used.

 Approved bonding techniques must be used for the connection of dissimilar metals.

97 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Alignment

SM Alignment
• Alignment Tool on SM Tools page
• Monitor the power level (dBm) values after SM
registers
• Used for longer distance links when SM has not
registered
• Alignment Tone
• This requires a special cable and headphones, or
audio amplifier with speaker. (The PMP 450b
includes an available audio jack that works with
headphones)
• cnArcher
• Mobile app that can configure and properly align
PMP subscriber modules.

98 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 SM Alignment

PMP OFDM – PMP 450

PMP 100 - FSK

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 Example SM Alignment Steps

1. Point the SM in the direction of the AP. (PMP 450: beam width is 55 x 55 degrees)

2. The SM cycles through a series of steps to register to an AP: scanning, syncing, registering, and
registered. Power level and jitter will not report on the web page until the unit is registered.

3. Use the SM’s Tool> Alignment Tool page to monitor link quality, SNR and power level. Wait for a
refresh after moving the module.

4. After the module has registered, slowly adjust the positioning of the SM so that jitter is minimized and
power levels are at best settings possible. Lock down the module when finished.

5. After alignment, perform a link test to check the efficiency of the link.

100 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Antenna Alignment Best Practices

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 Antenna Alignment PMP 450b Using cnArcher

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 Basic Installation of ODUs Summary

• Pre-configure the ODU

• Install the ODUs in the powered-down
state
• Locate the ODUs so that the link is
unobstructed by the radio horizon and no
objects penetrate the Fresnel zone.
• For APs, use a local map, compass,
and/or GPS device to determine the
pointing direction as per the sector
arrangement. Apply the appropriate
degree of downward tilt.
• Attach the cables to the ODU

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 You try… Sample Lab Configuration

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 Basic AP | SM Configuration

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 Configuring the Management PC

https://www.webnots.com/how-to-change-network-settings-in-windows-10/

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 Preparation: Preparing the Units

Quick Start

The PMP 450 units include a Quick Start

option to set the minimal configuration required
for operation and to test the units.

Default Settings
• 169.254.1.1 for all PMP 450 units
• Usernames: root and admin
• Passwords: none
• AP transmitter is turned off

107 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Configuration Guide

• Download the PMP 450 User Guide from

https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/guides

• Open Chapter 6 - Configuration

• Verify Access to Cambium Support at

https://support.cambiumnetworks.com/

108 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Configuration

 Quick link setup

 Configure Time Settings
 Powering the SM for test
 Configure IP and Ethernet interface
 Software Updates

109 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 AP Configuration

 General Parameters
 LAN Network Interface Configuration
 Custom Frequencies
 Radio Configuration

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 SM Configuration

 General Parameters
 LAN Network Interface Configuration
 Bridge Mode
 NAT Mode
 Custom Frequencies
 Radio Configuration

111 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 AP Session Status

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 Synchronization

• Employing precisely-timed GPS

synchronization avoids the problem of self-
interference when you deploy multiple
access points in a small area.

• By precisely coordinating the downlink and

uplink transmissions across the network,
operators can successfully provide a
scalable service in higher-density areas.

113 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 PMP 450 Synchronization

The Sync Input parameter has three options that can be configured under Sync
Setting tab of Configure > General.

AutoSync AutoSync + Free Run Generate Sync (Factory Default)

This option may be used when the In this mode, if a previously received For 450i/450m AP, the AP
AP is not receiving GPS synchronization signal is lost and no automatically receives sync from one
synchronization pulses from either a GPS signaling alternative is achieved, of the following sources:
CMM4/CMM5 or UGPS/cnPulse the AP automatically changes to
module, and there are no other APs synchronization mode “Generate • GPS Sync over Timing Port
active within the link range. Sync”. • GPS Sync over Power Port
(CMM4), CMM5, cnPulse module
Using this option will not synchronize ODU Sync Port.
transmission of APs that can “hear” • Internal GPS
each other; it will only generate a
sync signal for the local AP and its
associated SMs.

114 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 PMP 450 Synchronization

Free Run Before GPS Sync

This option is available when the Sync Input parameter

is configured for either AutoSync mode or AutoSync +
Free Run mode.

When Enabled, if the radio does not detect a valid GPS

synchronization pulse after booting up then it will
operate in Generate Sync - Free Run mode until a valid
source is detected allowing the AP and SM to register.

If Disabled, the AP does not transmit and the SM is not

able to register until a valid GPS Synchronization
source is connected.

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 You Try… Configuration

• Complete the Basic AP and SM

configuration including
Syncronization

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 Additional Configuration Features

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NAT
 NAT (Network Address Translation)

• NAT provides a means for using private

(non-routable over the internet) IP addresses
behind a router, switch or firewall and
translating any of these addresses wishing
to access the public network to one routable
(public) IP address.
• NAT isolates (to a degree) a private network
from the public network.
• Usually the NAT device performs port
translation and “stateful” inspection of
incoming packets to confirm they are a
response to packets that were generated
from the private network.

119
 SM IP Address Handling - NAT Mode

Management IP SMs NAT Mode

(AP LAN1) • WAN (NAT Public) – Customer Public IP
• LAN 1 – Customer Side LAN IP
• LAN 2 – Hidden AP-to-SM IP Address
• Remote Management (optional)

Data
LAN 1 – B.B.B.1
AP
WAN IP
192.168.101.1
Remote Management IP
CPE
B.B.B.12

SM CPE
192.168.101.x ` B.B.B.11

CPE
` B.B.B.10

120
 Example 1: IP Addressing, No NAT

Computers connected to the SM are accessed

directly by their IP addresses, which might have
been assigned by a DHCP server on the network.

CPE
A.A.A.21

CPE
A.A.A.22
`
DHCP Server
A.A.A.2 CPE
A.A.A.23
`
Switch
121
 Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT (1 of 2)
• Computer connected to the SM starts a connection
using its non-Internet-routable IP address
• This non-routable IP address is translated by the SM
into an Internet-routable IP address (NAT)

LAN 1: B.B.B.1 CPE

B.B.B.10

WAN Interface CPE

A.A.A.20 B.B.B.11
`
DHCP Server
A.A.A.2 CPE
` B.B.B.12

Switch
122
 Example 2: IP Addressing, with NAT (2 of 2)
• A remote host can communicate back with the
computer via the Internet-routable IP address,
which is translated back to the original non-
routable IP address by the SM (NAT)
• This connection must have been originated by
the computer connected to the SM

LAN 1: B.B.B.1
CPE
B.B.B.10

WAN Interface CPE

A.A.A.20
` B.B.B.11

DHCP Server
A.A.A.2 CPE
` B.B.B.12

Switch
123
 Example 3: IP Addressing, with NAT, DMZ

• A remote host can communicate directly with

a device connected to an SM configured with
a DMZ address.
• In this case, the connection can be originated
by the remote host.

LAN 1: B.B.B.1
CPE
B.B.B.10

WAN Interface CPE

A.A.A.20
` B.B.B.11

DHCP Server DMZ

A.A.A.2 ` B.B.B.DMZ

Switch
124
 Protocols Supported with NAT

• Basic NAT supports non-embedded

protocols (such as HTTP) and requires
Application Layer Gateways (ALGs) written
to support embedded protocols like ICMP
(Internet Control Message Protocols), Ping
and FTP (File Transfer Protocol).

• Cambium PMP system’s NAT includes ALG’s

for ICMP, FTP, L2TP over IPSec and PPTP
for VPNs.

125
 Protocol & Port Filtering

• Operators can filter (block) specific protocols and ports for upstream or downstream RF Interface for both
IPv4 and IPv6 and Upstream or Downsteam data.
• Protocol and port filtering can be set on AP or SMs

NAT Enabled NAT Disabled

• On SM with NAT enabled, the operator can • Filter specific packet types and/or three
filter three user-specified ports. user-specified ports
• The PPPoE protocol encapsulates PPP frames • Allow all protocols except those specified
inside Ethernet frames, providing operators • Block all protocols except those specified
with the benefits of PPP at Ethernet speeds.
When PPPoe is enabled, the SM will register • operators can block PPPoE, any
to the AP then immediately attempt to combination of the IPv4 protocols listed,
connect to the PPPoE server. or ARP.

126 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Quality of Service (QoS)
 Quality of Service (QoS)

One of Cambium Network’s unique differentiators

within our PMP 450 product family is the ability to
offer several settable stages of service delivery
prioritization, allowing Service Providers to offer
differentiated and assured tiers of service to their
customers.

QoS levels: Low, Medium, High and Ultra High

• The PMP 450m AP groups traffic on Low and Medium
Priority levels, and it does not group traffic on High and
Ultra High Priority levels.
• Total maximum number of data channels is 238. Four
QoS levels use 4 data channels

128 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 QoS configuration at the SM

• Select number of Priority Channels:

from 1 to 4
• If 1 is selected, Low Priority channel
is enabled
• If 2 is selected, Low and High
Priority channels are enabled
• If 3 is selected, Low Medium and
High Priority channels are enabled
• If 4 is selected, all channels are
enabled
• For each available channel, configure
Downlink CIR and Uplink CIR

129 2017 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Weighted Fair Queuing

• Provides committed frame space for each QoS level

• AP Configuration: Configuration  Quality of Service
(QoS)  Weighted Fair Queuing Configuration
• Not supported by PMP 450m AP
• The WFQ percentages apply both to DL and UL
• Note that there is no BC/MC traffic in the UL
direction
• Resources unused at one QoS level can be reused by
other QoS levels
• Configuration needs to be Valid: sum of all percentages
equal to 100%
• For reference, AP shows the number and percentage of
data channels at each QoS level

130 2017 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 You Try… Configuration

 Set the Number of Priority Channels to 2

and initiate traffic on your lab set up. View
performance results.
 Set the Number of Priority Channels to 4
and initiate traffic on your lab set up. View
performance results.
 Change the WFQ Configuration to place a
high percentage on Medium Priority.

131 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Security
 Security Planning

• Ensure that the IP addresses of the AP in the network:

• are not routable over the Internet.
• do not share the subnet of the IP address of your user.

• Cambium employs AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) that uses

the Rijndael algorithm and 128-bit keys to establish a higher level of
security than DES. AES products are certified as compliant with the
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS 197) in the U.S.A.

• The default encryption setting for 450 Platform Family ODU is "None".

133 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Security Features

SNMPv3 802.11 Proxy

• MIB-based security management uses standard • Client and server-based access control and
SNMPv3 MIBs to configure the user-based authentication protocol that restricts
security model and the view-based access control unauthorized clients from connecting to a LAN
model that allows a network operator to take through publicly accessible ports
advantage of built-in security management • Until the client is authenticated, 802.1X access
capabilities of existing network managers. control allows only Extensible Authentication
Protocol over LAN (EAPoL) traffic through the port
• Web-based security management allows an to which the client is connected. After
operator to configure users, security levels, authentication is successful, normal traffic can
privacy and authentication protocols, and pass through the port.
passphrases using the 450 Platform Family web-
based management interface

134 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Security - Authentication

AP Authentication Modes:

• Disabled: the AP requires no SMs to authenticate.

• AP PreShared Key
• Authentication Server (BAM)
• RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service) AAA

If no authentication is enabled any SM will connect to the AP and pass traffic. While this is generally thought of as
bad practice, additional security may be in place (e.g. requiring PPPoE to authenticate).

135
 Security – Registration Process

The SM sequences through several steps to register with an Access Point:

• If DFS applies, the SM scans for a radar signature (1 minute).
• If DFS scan is negative, the SM scans for an AP beacon.
• The SM sees a beacon from the AP.
• The SM attempts to synchronize with the AP.

SM AP
1, 2: Scanning

3 Beacon

4. Syncing

AP: Access Point

136 SM: Subscriber Module
DFS: Dynamic Frequency Selection
 Group Discussion

 What Security will your

deployment include?

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Follow Me
 Last known AP and Follow me feature (1)

SM searches for an AP to connect to, it scans all the configured frequencies and Bandwidth
• Last known AP: the SM stores the information (frequency, channel BW) of the last AP it
connected to. If the SM reboots, it looks for the saved AP first
• Follow me: if the AP switches frequency and/or channel BW, it first sends a
message to all SMs with the new operational parameters
When the SM starts scanning, it first tries the parameters indicated by the AP

I’m over here –

connect to me

139 2017 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Last known AP and Follow me feature (2)

• At the SM, the Tools  AP Evaluation tab • At the AP, the Tools  Sessions tab
shows the Last Known AP offers the option to send a message to
all SMs to forget the last known AP and
start a full scan

• The same tab offers the Rescan APs option

that causes the SM to perform a full scan

140 2017 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 You Try… Configuration

• Enable Follow Me on the SM

• Enable Follow Me on the AP

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 cnMaestro Cloud Management Systems

142 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

cnMaestro

Cambium Networks’ cnMaestro provides an integrated, intelligent, easy way

to manage your network in the cloud.

Easy onboarding - Claim your ePMP or Wi-

Fi devices in the cloud or on-site
Monitor your entire network - Leverage hierarchical
dashboards, statistics, and maps to view status and drill
into problem areas.
Configure devices on the cloud – Automatically provision
devices upon registration, or group devices and apply
configuration parameters across your network
Troubleshooting was never so intuitive- Visualize tower-to-edge
device health and evaluate real-time client network connectivity

Copyright 2018 Cambium Networks, Inc. All rights reserved.

Managing your Network with cnMaestro

Highly Scalable Architecture

NewcnMaestro
UI Architecture - Architecture
Distributed Process

Distributed
Message-bus

Distributed
Database

Multi-Tenancy

ISP ISP ISP

Instant A B C
Discovery
of APs
 cnMaestro

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 Getting Started with cnMaestro

• Create Network
• Create Towers
• Onboard Devices

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 You try… Adding Devices

• Use the online help and follow the instructions to onboard your PMP 450
devices: https://cnmaestro-help.cloud.cambiumnetworks.com/2.2.1/index.htm

147 2019 Copyright Cambium Networks, Ltd. All Rights Reserved

 Tools

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Link Capacity Test

The Link Capacity Test tab allows you to

measure the throughput and efficiency of the
RF link between two modules. Many factors,
including packet length, affect throughput.

The Link Capacity Test tab contains the

settable parameter Packet Length with a range
of 64 to 1714 bytes. This allows you to
compare throughput levels that result from
various packet sizes.
 You try… Link Capacity Test

• The link test is a tool that allows you to test

the performance of the RF link.

• Packets are added to one or more queues in

the AP in order to fill the frame.

• Link test can be found under Tools > Link

Capacity Test

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 Spectrum Analyzer

The integrated spectrum analyzer can be very useful as a tool for troubleshooting and RF
planning, but is not intended to replicate the accuracy and programmability of a high-end
spectrum analyzer, which sometime can be used for other purposes.

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 You try… Spectrum Analyzer

Run the Spectrum Analyzer on

your lab system.

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 SM Alignment Tool

The SM’s Alignment Tool may be

used to maximize Receive Power
Level, Signal Strength Ratio and
Signal to Noise Ratio to ensure a
stable link. The Tool provides color
coded readings to facilitate in
judging link quality.

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