Studies in Spain (1882-1885)
- Spent his greatest part if his time in Spain
- He was in Spain as a student and a Filipino nationalist leader
- He visited other centers of learning and culture of politics such as Barcelona, possibly Seville, Toledo, Avila and
many more cities.
- According to Rizal, Spanish colonizers manifested _______ as contrasted to “the French Finesse and courtesy”
- Before leaving Barcelona, Rizal made study tours, he made these tours not merely for pleasure and
entertainment but for study and observation
- During his stay in Spain, he wrote his very first nationalistic article, Amor Patrio (Love for Country) it depicts the
formation of true patriotism
- Spain to Rizal was a foreign land, not a mother country
- Wrote Los Viajes (Travels) in Barcelona which he intended to publish also in Diarong Tagalog, but which was
instead published in a Filipino fort nightly La Solidaridad, a Filipino organ in Spain as the Manila had ceased
publication
- Rizal was in Barcelona FOUR TIMES
o First, June 15 up to the first week of September 1882
o Second, on his way to Paris in the Autumn of 1885 to take special work at Dr. Louis de Wecker’s
Ophthalmic Clinic –where he met Maximo Viola who was finishing his medical course in the city
o Third was during 1888
o Fourth, Oct 1896 – he was committed to Monjunich Castle (prison) on the frustrated trip to Cuba where
he was to serve as an army surgeon
Rizal in Peninsula Spain
- Rizal leaving the country was also for preparing himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish
Tyranny
- He left Calamba on May 1 1882 and his departure was not known to his family except Paciano, Saturnina and Tio
Antonio
o It was kept a secret to avoid detection by Spanish authorities
- On May 3, he proceeded to Pasig River to board Salvadora to reached Singapore
o He stayed for 2 days in Singapore before he boards Diemnah for his way to France
While on his way to Singapore he noticed that many Spanish speaking travelers were speaking ill
about our country
o Before reaching France on June 12 1882, he was first crossed the Point CAlle in Ceylon, Port Saig Suez
Canal and Naples on June 11 1882
o He then went to Marseilles to be able to enter the city of Spain at June 15 1882
He liked Barcelona because of its liberalism and freedom
During his trip to Barcelona, somehow communicating with other nationals affected his religious
outlook in life
o Paciano believed that writing will help Rizal express his nationalistic and patriotic sentiment, which in
effect can arouse the hostility and suspicion of the Spanish Regime
- Ela Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
o Aug 12 1882
o Refers to Spain as Extranjera ( Foreign Land)
o This is the most heroic and disinterested sentiment a person can have.
o It states that whatever happens, let us love and protect our mother land.
o For the love of country, one should sacrifice their youth, pleasures, splendor of genius and even risk
their lifes
o You’ll gain LIBERTY and GLORY as you lose your lives for our dearest motherland
SUB TOPIC: STUDIES IN SPAIN AND WORKS IN SPAIN
- Rizal leaving the country was also for preapring himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish
Tyranny
- He left Calamba, Laguna on May 1 1882 and his departure was not known to his family except Paciano,
Saturnina and Tio Antonio
o It was kept a secret to avoid detection by Spanish authorities
- Paciano believed that writing will help Rizal express his nationalistic and patriotic sentiment, which in effect can
arouse the hostility and suspicion of the Spanish Regime
stop
CALAMBA,LAGUNA MANILA – PASIG SINGAPORE GALLE, CEYLON ADEN over
May 1, 1882 stayed for 2 days stayed for 2 days on
boarded “Salvadora” boarded “Diemnah” his
way
to
FRANCE – HARBOR OF MARSEILLES NAPLES, ITALY POINT SAIG, SUEZ CANAL Fra
nce
June 12 June 11, 1882
BARCELONA, SPAIN
JUNE 15, 1882
RIZAL IN BARCELONA
- He was in Spain as a student and a Filipino nationalist leader
- He wanted to make name for himself in the field of journalism
- He visited other centers of learning and culture of politics such as Barcelona, possibly Seville, Toledo, Avila and
many more cities.
- He liked Barcelona because of its liberalism and freedom
- Wrote El Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
o August 12 1882
o Refers to Spain as Extranjera (Foreign Land)
o This is the most heroic and disinterested sentiment a person can have.
o It states that whatever happens, let us love and protect our mother land.
o For the love of country, one should sacrifice their youth, pleasures, splendor of genius and even risk
their own life.
o You’ll be able to gain LIBERTY and GLORY as you risk your lives for our dearest motherland
- After writing El Amor Patrio, Rizal stopped producing nationalistic articles because of:
o The opposition of his mother
o Difficulty of being recognized in a foreign country
o Desire to finish studies
RIZAL MOVES TO MADRID
- September 1882 – Rizal moved to the Capital of Spain, Madrid to continue his studies
- He enrolled in Philosophy and Letters and Licentiate in Medicine at the University of Central de Madrid
- He also took lessons in Painting and Sculpture in the Academia de San Fernando
- Lessons in Fencing at School of Sanzan Cabonell
- Lessons in English, French, German in Madrid Ateneo
- June 21, 1884: he finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and unfortunately, he was not able to submit the
thesis required nor pay for graduation fees with that he was not awarded his doctor’s diploma
- June 25 1884: He won the Greek, Latin, and World History Contest
- June 19, 1885: On his 25th birthday, he was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the
University of Central de Madrid with the rating of Sobresaliente
- 1885: He took a special work at Dr. Louis de Wecker’s Ophthalmic Clinic – where he met Maximo Viola who was
finishing his medical course in the city
ADD ONS: Models of Nationalism
THE FRENCH, ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND SPANISH MODELS (page 36)
- Spain, France, England were part of the Old Roman Empire
o All were invaded by barbarian tribes after the fall of the western empire
- Ethnicity was a key to nationalism in both countries
- Frankish King Clovis ordered the adaptation of Christian Religion under the pain of death – it solidified his
authority over the Frankish Tribes
o He was considered as the father of French Nation
- TO BE A FRENCH: SPEAK FRENCH FOLLOW FRENCH CUSTOMS AND BE A CHRSITIAN
- Christian character was also an important part of becoming English aside from its customs and having allegiance
to the King of England
- It was soon adapted by Russia which developed an ethnic quality of being Russian.
o Ivan II ordered that all Russians adopt Orthodox Christianity
- TO HAVE SPANISH CHARACTERISTICS, A SPANIARD IS EXPECTED TO SPEAK SPANISH, BE A CATHOLIC AND EXHIBIT
SOME SUBDUED ISLAMIC INFLUENCE
NATIONALISM AS A WAY OF CHANGE (page 40)
- Being nationalistic doesn’t always mean that we have to go against a foreign enemy
- Nationalism being said can be because of the motivation to cause for a change. Change in terms of awakening
the oppressed to fight for their rights which leads to revolutionary movements that changes regimes toppled
dictatorship and eventually overthrown foreign colonizers
NATIONALISM IN PHILIPPINE CONTEXT (page 40)
- Nationalism or what we call “bayanihan”
- Bayanihan can be extended as doing unselfish voluntary act to help others. Those people who help others with
gambling with their lives are called heroes or “bayani”.
- Bayanihan – a sense of community; the pain suffered but one is felt by others which is called “damayan”.
o Filipinos who experience some harsh economic and social conditions feel a natural cohesion with each
other and they would feel each other in times of crisis
o FILIPINOS LIVE AND DIE BECAUSE OF THE NATIONALISTIC IDEAD
SALUTE TO LUNA AND HIDALGO
- Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo were emerged winners in the 1884 Madrid Exposition
o LUNA was awarded GOLD MEDAL for SPOLARIUM
o HIDALGO was awarded SILVER MEDAL for CHRISTIAN VIRGIN EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
- To honor those two, a banquet was tendered on JUNE 25 1884 at Café Ingles with Rizal delivering a key note
speech – called BRINDIS
- During Rizal’s Speech he stresses
o That genius knows no race; the friars must understand the universality of a geniuses.
o Direct attack to the Spanish regime
o Paintings of Luna and Hidalgo depicts the cruelty of politics, society and moral life of the Filipinos under
the Spanish colonizers that calls for the much need reforms in the Philippine society
