o

" !I .SOUTHEAST ASA ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGY

AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Serics on Seis ,iv!g

VOLUME V

!j,

ii.. ." .

INDONESIA

Front Cover

Damage caused to Hindu temple gateway from the

earthquakes of 1979 December, 17d 19h 48m 23s

at 8.49 SXl15-82E; MB6.2; H22km. The

earthquake occurred off the northeastern coast

of Bali and caused damage ashore many

kilometres away. This photograph was taken in

the city of Karangasem where damage was nearby

the maximum incurred. The structure was of

high quality masonry.

T SOUTHEAST ASIA ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGY

AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

Mr Ho Tong-Yuen, President

Dr R.L. Kintanar, Vice-President

Series on Seismology

Volume V - INDONESIA

PART A
A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES

IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 1821-1984

PART B ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY FOR

EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA

PART C
SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN INDONESIA

PART D SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE INDONESIAN REGION

by

Soetardjo, M. Untung, E.P. Arnold, R. Soetadi,

Sulaeman Ismail, and Engkon K. Kertapati

E.P. Arnold, Series Editor and Programme

Co-ordinator

June 1985

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was

carried out by SEASEE under U.S. Geological

Survey Grant 14-08-0001-G-713 with funding from the Office of

Foreign Disaster Assistance, U.S. Agency for International

Development, PASA BOF - 0999-P-IC-1107.

AVAILABILITY

Copies of this series of publications can be obtained from

any of the following:

E.P. Arnold,

U.S. Geological Survey,

Box 25046 M.S. 967,

Denver Federal Center,

Denver, Colorado 80225,

U.S.A.

The Director-General,

Malaysian Meteerological Service,

Jalan Sultan, Petaling Jaya,

Selangor, Malaysia.

The Director-General,

Meteorological and Geophysical Agency,

Jalan Arief Rakhman Hakim 3,

Jakarta-Pusat, Indonesia.

The Director-General,

PAGASA,

1424 Quezon Avenue,

Quezon City,

Manila, Philippines.

The Director-General,

Meteorological Department of Thailand,

612 Sukhumvit Road,

Bangkok 10110, Thailand.

Researched, compiled and published under U.S. Geological Sur­

vey grant 14-08-0001-6-713. Supported by the Office of Foreign
Disaster Assistance, Agency for International Development,
United States Department of State under PASA BOF-0999-P­
IC-1107
E.P. Arnold, Project Co-ordinator and Editor

ISBN No. 974-8202-19-4

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART A A
CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES

IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 1821-1984

Introduction

Acknowledgements 1

List of Abbreviations
2

List of Destructive Earthquakes 2

References
3

42

PART B ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY

FOR

EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA

Introduction

Attenuation Function Analysis 43

Macroseismic Data 43

46

References

Focal Mechanism Solutions

for 60

Earthquakes in Indonesia 67

PART C SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN

INDONESIA

Introduction

Seismic Activity
107

Seismic Source Zone

107

Characteristics of
Seismic Source 109

Zones
110

Conclusions

References
152

153

PART D SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE INDONESIAN

Introduction
REGION

Sumatera
161

Java
161

Kalimantan 164

Sulawesi
165

Talaud
166

Timor
170

Halmahera 171

Tectonics of
the Northern Banda 174

Arc
Irian Jaya 177

Active Faults
of the
Indonesian 178

Archipelago
Lembang Fault, Java
179

Cimandiri Fault, Java 184

Citanduy Valley Fault and Banyumas 184

Fault
184

Palu-Koro Fault Zone, Sulawesi

Matano Fault
Zone, Sulawesi
185

The Central Structural Valley 186

of
Timor

Reverse Fault at Dobo, Aru Island 187

Group
187

Irian Fault Zone

The Sorong Fault Zone

187

The Yapen Fault Zone, Irian

187

The Ransiki Fault

Zone
188

Other Active Faults in Irian 188

Jaya

189

References

190

 PART A

A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES

IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 1821-1984

 PART A A CATALOGUE OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES

IN INDONESIA FOR THE PERIOD 121-1984

Introduction

This catalogue has been compiled under the Earthquake

Disaster Mitigation Project coordinated by the.Southeast Asia

Association of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (SEASEE).

Its purpose is to col lect all available information on

earthquakes that have occurred in or affected the Indonesian

Archipelago and its adjacent areas in the past.

For Indonesia, the project was headed by Mr. R. Soetardjo,

as the Principal Investigator. He was assisted by a team

consisting of seismologists, historians and translators.

Several institutes and libraries considered as probable data

sources that have been contacted during the implementation of the

project are, among others:

1. The Library of the Meteorological and Geophysical.

Agency, Jakarta.

2. The Library of the Directorate General of Volcanology,

Bundung.

3. The Library of the Geological Research and Development

Centre, Bandung.

4. The National Library, Jakarta.

5. The National Archives, Jakarta.

6. The National Museum, Jakarta.

7. The National Scientific Documentation Centre, Jakarta.

8. The Library of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological

Observatory, De Bilt.

The macroseismic data sources that have been collected and

translated into English are chronologically arranged as follows:

1. Die Erdbeden des Indischen Archipels bis zum Jahre 1857

(by Arthur Wichmann).

2. Die Erdbeben des Indischen Archipels von 1858 bis 1877

(by Arthur Wichmann).

3. Geophysical Notes.

4. Macroseismic Survey Reports up to 1984 (published after

completing the survey).

The last two mentioned were published by the Meteorological

and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta.

An attempt was made to complete the missing data for the

year 1878-1883 and 1942-1948 by contacting the Library of the

Royal Netherlands Meteorological Observatory; unfortunately, it

seems that no more data are available.

For the period 1942-1947, probably no earthquake

observations were made, due to World War II. Netherlands, some

articies from daily newspapers published at that time, such as
Kuang-po and Sin-po, have contributed additional information to

This catalogue, of course, does not include all macroseismic

data but, rather, selected destructive earthquakes which have
caused at least cracks in walls and falling plaster.

Some of the missing data are still being sought and will be
added as soon as they are found.

It is hoped that this catalogue wil 1 be of use to anyone who

is interested in the investigation of earthquake phenomena.

Acknowledgements

The project team wishes to express its thanks to:

1. The Director General of the Meteorological and

Geophysical Agency for his support and guidance.

2. The team of the Department of History, Faculty of

Letters, University of Indonesia, for their kind

cooperation in translating the macroseismic reports

from Dutch and German into English.

3. Mr. R. Susanto, Mr. A. Koesdarjanto, Mr. R. Soetardjo

and Mr. R. Sutadi for their support and guidance in the

macroseismic data compilation.

4. All Indonesian seismologists who have contributed to

the completion of the required inforhmation and provided
additional data for interpreting the intensity levels.

Finally, it should be placed on record that the

compilation of all the above-mentioned data has been supported by
the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under
USGS Agreement No. 14-08-001-G-713, without which, and the
coordination efforts of SEASEE, this catalogue would never have
produced its results as presented herein.

List of Abbreviations

E.I. = Earthquakes in Indonesia

E.R. = Earthquake Report (Macroseismic Survey Report)
G.N. = Geophysical Notes
N.T. = Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch -
Indie, which consists of:
1. Uitbarstingen van Vulkanen en Aardbevingen in

den Oost Indischen Archipel Waargenomen yaar

1884-1898.

2. Vulkanische Verschijnselen en Aardbevingen in

den Oost Indischen Archipel yaar 1899-1941.

S.I. = Seismology in Indonesia

 LIST OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKES

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Event
Effect
Intensity Source

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Jepara: Central Java - the

1821 Dec 25 earthquake was felt at Jepara
and reported as VI-VII as the
MMI scale.
VII NT
Origin Time Bulukumba: In South Sulawesi a

1828 Dec 29 destructive earthquake occurred

and caused severe damage

to

buildings; hundreds of people

were killed.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - earthquake

1830 Mar 28 occurred and caused damage

to

01h 00m 00s buildings.

VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Batavia/Jakarta: Shocks caused

1833 Jan 28 damage to buildings and cracked

05h 00m 00s Walls. No deaths or

injuries

were reported.
VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera
- a severe

1833 Nov 24 earthquake occurred and caused

some buildings to collapse or

be damaged. A tsunami was

observed. No further informa­

tion.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Bogor and Cianjur: West Java ­
1834 Oct 10 a violent shock occurred; the

earthquake caused severe damage

to buildings, some of which

collapsed, and cracks

in the

road between Bogor and Cianjur.

Nodeaths or injuries were

reported.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Padang: West Sumatera - the

1835 Aug 26 earthquake struck Padang and

caused slight damage to build­

ings and cracks in walls.
VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - a large earth­
1835 Nov 01 quake occurred and caused some

buildings to col lapse; 60

people injured; landslides in

the hills were observed.

VII-IX NT

 Event Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Mojokerto: East Java - at

1836 Mar 22 Mojokerto, about 60 km west of
Surabaya, L shock occurred and
caused damage and loss of
property. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Maluku: Earthquake felt at

1837 Jan 21 Saparua, Haruku and on Nusalaut
Island. Damage to buildings and
houses. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Bima: Sumbawa - a strong earth­

1837 Nov 28 quake occurred and caused
severe damage to buildings,
some of which collapsed. VIII-IX NT

Origin Time Purworejo: Central Java - a

i4O Jan 04 destructive earthquake occurred
at Purworejo and caused severe
damage to buildings; two build­
ings collapsed. Also felt at
Semarang, Demak, Solotigo and
Kendal on the north coast of
Central Java. VIII-IX NT

Origin Time Ambon: a moderate earthquake

1841 Dec 16 occurred at Ambon. The earth­
quake was accompanied by a
tsunami at Galaga Bay and Buru
Island. The tsunami caused
damage to some boats. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Gunung Sitoli and Baras: Nias

1843 Jan 05 Island - a strong earthquake
struck Gunungsitoli and Baras.
The shock was followed by a
tsunami, causing damage to some
boats. Ground-slump was
observed too. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Bogor: West Java - a shock was

1843 May 25 felt at Bogor and caused damage
to buildings and houses. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Cianjur: West Java - the earth­

1844 Feb 15 quake hit Cianjur on West Java
and caused damage to houses. VII-VIII NT

rigin Time Menado: North Sulawesi -

845 Feb 08 strong earthquake was felt in
north Sulawesi and caused the

4
 Event
Effect
Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

col lapse of brick buildings and

houses at Menado, Tikala,

Tomohon, Tonsarongsong, Tondano

and Tanawanko.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Teluk
Betung: South Sumatera ­
1852 Jan 09 an earth tremor was felt in

Teluk Betung and caused damage

to buildings and houses.

VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Kebumen: Central Java - a
1852 Oct 15 moderate earthquake was felt at
Kebumen. This shock caused

cracks in walls at several

buildings and houses.

VI-VII NT
Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - a strong

1852 Nov 26 earthquake was fe l t at

Bandanaira

- Banda Island and

caused some buildings to

col lapse. The quake was

fo 1 1 owed by sea wa ves

(tsunamis).
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Bogor:
West Java - a strong
1852 Dec 20 earthquake caused some

buildings to collapse.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Cirebon: West Java - a moderate

1853 Nov 30 earthquake was felt and caused

cracks in walls. No
further

information.
VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a strong
1855 Jul 14 earthquake occurred. Severe

damage to buildings; one house

collapse and 34 people

were

killed.
VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Semarang: Central Java ­ an

1856 Jan 19 earthquake was felt at Semarang

and caused cracks in walls.

VII-VIII NT
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a rather hard

1858 Feb 27 shock was felt and caused

damage to walls.
VI NT
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a rather
1858 Jun 04 strong earthquake was felt,
causing damage to some
buildings and houses.
VI NT

 Event Effect Intensity Source

Origin Time Ambon: Some buildings suffered

1858 Nov 09 damage by an earthquake. VI NT

Origin Time Tondano: North Sulawesi - a

1858 Dec 13 moderate earthquake caused 15
sheds to fall. On Ternate,
Tidore, Halmahera, Sangihe,
Talaud and Banggai islands a
tsunami was observed. VII NT

Origin Time Tulungagung: East Java - an

1859 Jul 05 earthquake occurred and some
buildings and houses suffered
damage. VI NT

Origin Time Halmahera Island: Maluku - at

1859 Oct 08 Halmahera a great number of
cottages tumbled down. V1 NT

Origin Time Tapanuli and Sibolga: Numerous

1861 Feb 16 houses tumbled down. Tsunami
was observed at Singkil, Nias
and Tello. VIII-IX NT

Origin Time Buleleng: Bali - a moderate

1862 Mar 29 earthquake occurred, causing
cracks in walls, some of which
tumbled down. VII NT

Origin Time Karawang: West Java - a rather

1862 May 24 severe shock was felt at
Karawang, West Java, where
walls of some houses were
fissured. VI NT

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - an earth­

1862 Sept 15 quake caused cracks in walls. VI NT

Origin Time Madium: East Java - Damage to a

1862 Nov 20 few buildings caused by a
rather severe earthquake. VI NT

Origin Time Banyumas: Central Java - the

1863 Aug 13 strong earthquake caused heavy
damage to a sugar factory. VII NT

Origin Time Arfak: Irian Jaya - the

1864 May 23 destructive earthquake caused
houses on Mount Arfak to be set
ablaze and some were buried.
250 people killed. VI-VII NT

6
 Event
Effect Intensity Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Origin Time Banyubiru: Central Java - some
1865 Jul 17 buildings and houses suffered

considerable damage caused by

an earthquake.
VII NT
Origin Time Ambarawa: Central Java ­
1866 Apr 22 because of an earthquake, walls
of some houses and barracks
were fissured.
VI NT
Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central Java - In
1867 Jun 10 Jogyakarta and Surakarta 372

houses collapsed or partially

collapsed, while only 5 persons

lost their lives.

VIII-IX NT
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku
- a moderate
1867 Nov 03 shock caused fissures in the

walls of numerous houses.

VI NT
Origin Time Banyumas: Central Java ­
1871 Mar 27 fissures in the wal ls
of

government buildings and

houses, which were caused by an

earthquake.
VI NT
Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - the quakes

1871 Aug 18
caused some houses to tumble

down in Bengkulu and

Tebingtinggi.
VI-VII NT
Origin Time Salatiga: Central Java ­ a

1872 Oct 10 rather strong shock felt at

Salatiga caused fissures in

walls.
VI NT
Origin Time Ciamis: West Java - the walls

1873 Feb 05 of numerous buildings were

cracked.
VI NT
Origin Time Mandailing: North Sumatera ­
1873 Aug 19 many houses were damaged, due

to the earthquake.
VI NT
Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - this

1873 Oct 07 quake caused damage

to some

houses and bridges.

VI NT
Origin Time Kuningan: West Java - the quake
1875 Oct 25 was felt at Kuningan, Sumedang
and Manonjaya. 628 houses

7,

 Event Effect Intensity Source

damaged and seven people

killed. VII-ViII NT

Origin Time Kajeli: Ceram - a few houses

1876 May 28 suffered damage and a mosque
tumbled down at Kajeli-Ceram
Island - Maluku. VII NT

Origin Time Kudu: Central Java - a rather

1877 Feb 21 strong shock, felt at Kedu and
Wonosobo in Central Java,
caused damage to several
buildings. VI NT

Origin Time Pasuruan: East Java - the quake

1889 Nov 04 caused crack in walls. VI NT

Origin Time Negara: Bali - the earthquake

1890 Jul 11 caused three pi I lars of the
Justice Buildings to split
horizontal ly and wal Is to
tumble down. VII NT

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - damage to

1890 Nov 23 most of the houses and
buildings. VII NT

Origin Time Pati: Central Java - this quake

1890 Dec 12 also felt at Juwana; caused
many houses to fal l. Several
people killed and injured. VIII NT

Origin Time Prapat: North Sumatera - the

1892 May 17 shock caused severe damage to
three buildings. VI NT

Origin Time Timor Island: The quake was

1896 Apr 18 also felt at Alor Island; 250
people kil led and most of the
settlement damaged. VII-VIII NT

Origin Time Jumajang: East Java - the wal Is

1896 Jul 01 of some houses were split. VI NT

Origin Time Wlingi: East Java - at Brangah

1896 Aug 15 - Wl ingi many public and
private buildings/houses
damaged. VII NT

Origin Time Tulungagung: East Java - the

1896 Aug 20 shock caused severe damage to

8
 Event Effect
Intensity Source

several Chinese houses.

VII NT

Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - many houses

1898 Jan 17 were destroyed by this quake. VII '.T

Origin Time Sukabumi: West Java - felt over

1900 Jan 14 Priangan, Bogor and Banten.

Most damage to stone houses

occurred at Sukabumi, but no

lives were lost.

VII GN-2

Origin Time Lais: Benqkulu - fal l of

1902 Jun 27 plaster and cracks developed in
walls. VI GN-2

Origin Time Sedayu: East Java - ground­

1902 Aug 31 slumps were observed, walls
were disturbed. A series of
aftershocks felt during the
period 26 Sep - 9 Oct, the
heaviest one on August 31,
accompanied by a roaring sound.
VI GN-2

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - suspended

1903 Feb 14 objects swung and movable
objects were thrown down. V GN-2

Origin Time Banten: West Java: this quake

1903 Feb 27 felt over Banten; small cracks

developed in walls.
VI GN-2

Origin Time Siri - Sori: West Sumatera - a

1904 Jul 05 part of the pier was destroyed

and sailing boats on the coast

of Siri-Sori sank as a result

of the high waves.

VIII GN-2

Origin Time Lemo: Central Sulawesi ­

1907 Jul 30 destructive at Lemo, where 164

houses and 49 rice-warehouses

collapsed; shocks were

frequently felt until August 2.

Damage to buildings was also

done to Colo, Anja, Olu Congko

and Paku.
VIII GN-2

Origin Time Atapupu: T~ror Island - the

1908 Mar 24 quake stronily telt at Atapupu
in Northeast Timor. Cracks
developed in the wall of a
fortress; a part of the wall

 Event Effect Intensity Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------

fell. Damage to buildings was

also done in the Chinese
blocks. Cracks developed in the
beach sands about 25 m long. A
tsunami was observed. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Rajamandala: Cianjur - cracks
1910 Dec 18
developed in wal ls at
Rajamandala - Cianjur - West
Java. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Campaka: Sukabumi - cracks
1912 Jan 21
developed in walls at Campaka -
Sukabumi - West Java. VI GN-2
Origin Time
Japen Island: Irian Jaya - all
1914 May 26
brick buildings collapsed on
Japen Island. Ansus and Pom
were affected by a tsunami. A
few people lost their lives. IX GN-2
Origin Time
Kepahyang: Bengkulu - all stone
1914 Jun 26
houses suffered severe damage.
None of the many wooden houses
sustained damage. Twenty
persons were killed and 20
injured. Roads and bridges were
destroyed. Damage was also done
at Lais, Manna and Seluma. IX GN-2
Origin Time
Madiun: East Java - nearly all
1915 Dec 01
buildings in the Sudono sugar
estate were cracked. The
chimney of the sugar factory
toppled down. A certain amount
of damage was also done at
Maospati and Magetan. VIII GN-2
Origin Time
Maos: Central Java - most
1916 Sept 09
destruction took place in and
around Maos. About 340 brick
stone buildings collapsed
completely and many others were
damaged at Maos and Kasugian.
Cracks developed in walls,
ground-slumps were reported.

A few mud or sand craters were

formed where jets of water
spurted through holes or
fissures, causing people to

10
 Event Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Sangkulirang: East Kalimantan ­

1921 May 14 damage at Sangkulirang and more

intense in the islands of

Rending, Kariorang and Sekuran.

Houses collapsed and gaping

fissures were observed. The

shock was associated with a

tsunami which swept the sea,

causing considerable damage at

Sekuran.
VIII GN-2

Origin Time Sentani: Irian Jaya - A major

1921 Oct 10 earthquake was felt as far as

Dobo, but was destructive

around Lake Sentani in south­

east Irian Jaya. Ground-slides,

boulders and a large mass of

limestone damaged up a branch

of the river temporarily in the

village of Doormantop.
VII GN-2

Origin Time Tarakan: East Kalimantan - the

1923 Apr 19 earthquake was recorded by
sensitive seismographs all over
the world. The shock was
strongly felt at Tarakan about
140 km north of the centre and
followed by a number of after­
shocks. Brick buildings
collapsed, cracks developed in
the ground, and streams were
affected. The kitchen of a
house seemed to be displaced

over a distance of about 1 m

toward the west. Structures on

solid ground suffered little

damage.
VIII GN-2

Origin Time Banten: West Ja a - the shock

191' May 12 Was felt over West Java and

Epicentre South Sumatera as far as Krue.
7.30 S-0 105.8 0 E Damage was done at several

places; at Pelabuhanratu a

water tower was thrown down.

VII GN-2

Origin Time Maos: Central Java - the shock

1923 May 15 was felt intensively over

Epicentre western Central Java. Destruc-

7.70 S-109.2 0 E tive effects were particularly

pronounced in and around Maos.

IX GN-2

12

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

panic. Four hundred houses

collapsed in the Selarang
district. Damage to structures
and cracks in the ground were
also found in various places.
School buildings were among
those most generally and
severely damage, due in consi­
derable part of unsuitable
design for resistance to
shaking. The major destruction,
however, was in a more thickly
settled district, where
unfavourable geological condi­
tions and poor structural work
increased the damage. Ix GN-2
Origin Time Bali: Ground slumps and ground­
1917 Jan 21 slides were observed at various
places. Many houses suffered
damage and about 1500 people
were killed due to ground-
slides. IX GN-2
Origin Time North Irian Jaya: Some damage
1919 Nov 21 was caused by a strong quake in
the eastern part of North irian
Jaya. A few houses collapsed.
Earth fissures developed in the
ground and walls were
disturbed. VIII GN-2
Origin Time Ambon: Maluku ­ cracks in walls
1920 May 10 reported at Ambon, Saumlaki and
Banda. The quake itself had its
origin about 1120 km south of
Banda and Irian Jaya. VI GN-2
Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera -
1921 Apr 01 epicentre tract occupied a
narrow belt aligned northwest­
southeast running for some 80
km from Pangurusan to Tarutung.
The area worst hit was the
region southwest of Lake Toba.
Buildings and bridges collapsed
at Sipoholon; furthermore
ground-slides and ground-slumps
were reported. The quake also
felt as far as Sabang, Penang
and Gunung Sitoli. IX GN-2

11

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

Origin Time
East Kalimantan: The tremor was
1924 Apr 13
generally felt at several
Epicentre
places in East Kalimantan and
0.30 N-118.2 0 E
as far north as the island of
Tarakan; it was followed by
aftershocks. As a result of the
main shock, seven houses
collapsed. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Central Java: The centre was
1924 Nov 12
located in a mountainous
Epicentre
region. Damage was generally
7.30 S-109.8 0 E
caused by ground-slides. VIII-IX GN-2
Origin Time
Wonosobo: Central Java - the
1924 Dec 02
quake seemed to be preceded by
Epicentre
foreshocks. Destructive at
7.30 S-109.9 0 E
Wonosobo and damage was also
done to stone buildings outside
Wonosobo. Approximately 2250
houses collapsed and in some
villages most damage was caused
by ground-slides. Altogether
about 727 people were killed.
The quake loss was estimated by
the local authorities at about
61,000 guilders. IX GN-2
Origin Time
Tarakan: East Kalimantan - the
1925 Feb 14
exact origin was unknown, but
the shock was strongly felt at
Tarakan and Lungkas and it was
preceded by a rumbling sound. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Bacan Island: Maluku - Exact
1925 Jul 24
origin unknown. Strongly felt
at Labuhan (Bacan Island) ,
accompanied by a roaring sound;
cupboard overturned, a pendulum
clock fell. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Singkarak: West Sumatera -
1926 Jun 28
destructive around Lake
Epicentre
Singkarak; S i j ung j ung,
0.70 S-100 0 E
Muarabungo and Alahan Panjang
suffered damage. The quake was
followed by a train of after­
shocks. These tremors were
generally felt intensively over
West Sumatera and in particular
at Padangpanjang. A part of

13
 Event Effect
Intensity Source

Lake Singkarak subsided and

many people we-re injured.

VIII-IX GN-2

Origin Time Prupuk: Central Java - destruc­

192.6 Dec 13 tive at Prupuk and Margasari;

minor damage at Dubuktengah,

Kaligayan, Wonosari, Danurejo,

Jembayat, Pakulaut and

Kalisosok. A few people were

injured.
VIII-IX GN-2

Origin Time Donggala: Central Sulawesi - a

1927 Dec 01 major earthquake caused damage

Epicentre to buildings at Donggala, Boro­

05°S-119.5 0 E waru and neighbouring places.

Earth fissures and subsidences

in the ground were reported.

The damage was mainly confined

to the Palu Bay area. A tsunami

was observed that caused

serious loss of life and

property in coastal villages.

About 50 people sustained

injuries and 50 died.

VII GN-2

Origin Time Bali: Exact origin was unknown.

1930 Apr 27 Damage was done in south Bali

by a moderate tremor. Walls

were cracked at Denpasar and

Tabanan, earth fissures in the

ground occurred at Benoa. The

shock was also felt over East

Java.
V GN-2

Origin Time Bumiayu: Central Java - in

1931 Jan 21 general, damage was confined

Epicentre mostly to older structures or

7.3 0 S-108.9 0 E buildings of poor materials and

poor construction.
VIII GN-2

Origin Time South Sumatera: Felt over South

1931 Sept 25 Sumatera and West Java and as

far west as Padang. Foundations

of most buildings subsided.

Difficult to walk as a result

of the earthquake. In

Kalimantan a rumbling sound was

heard.
VII-VIII GN-2

Origin Time Tondano: North Sulawesi - the

1932 May 14 strong earthquake was felt as

14

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Epicentre
far north as Mindanao. The
0.5 0 N-126.0°E
major destruction took place at
Kakas, south of Lake Tondano;
592 houses collapsed, 115
people sustained injuries and
the death of six people was
reported. Damage was also done
at Langowan, Poso, Tondano,
Waluyama, Rembohan, Koya and
Lekupang. Ternate in north
Maluku suffered minor damage.
On the coast between Amurang
and Tompoan vertical gaping
cracks developed in the beach
sands and the sea side of the
cracks sagged. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Seram: Molluce - the origin
1932 Sept 09
seemed to be in Tolehu Bay. A
Epicentre
few old buildings collapsed at
3.5°S-128.3 0 E
Wae and Tolehu. Ground-slumps
and ground-slides were also
reported. VII GN-2
Origin Time
South Sumatera: The quake
1933 Jun 25
seemed to have been followed by
Epicentre
a number of aftershocks. Damage
5.0°S-104.2 0 E
to structures over the western
part of south Sumatera. Gaping
fissures and subsidences in the
ground were observed along an
imaginary line connecting
Kotaagung with Makaka, crossing
the Barisan mountain range
(Bukit Barisan). VIII-IX GN-2
Origin Time
South Tapanuli: Sumatera -
1934 Sept 21
generally felt violently.
Epicentre
Pendulum clock stopped; doors
1.0°N-99.0°E
and windows rattled. Cracks
developed in walls; roofs of
some houses ruined. VII GN-2
Origin Time
Batu Island: North Sumatera -
1935 Dec 28
damage on Batu Island. Two mud
Epicentre
islets, Bola and Sigata, were
0.3°S-97.9°E
thr..wn up by the shock. At
Padang cracks developed in
walls. Trees and telephone
poles swayed. A few buildings
collapsed at Sibolga. VII-VIII GN-2

15
 Event
Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Drigin Time
East Java: Exact origin
1936 Mar 01
unknown. Damage was generally
done in Central and East Java.
The shock was also felt over
Bali and southeast Kalimantan. VII GN-2

Origin Time
Sangir: North Sulawesi - the
1936 Apr 01
quake seemed to be followed by
Epicentre
numerous aftershocks. Destruc­
0 tive in the Sangir-Talaud
3.6°N-126.7 E

Islands. Approximately 127

houses collapsed. Cracks in
walls at Lerung. VIII-IX GN-2

Origin Time
Banda Aceh: The quake was
1936 Aug 23
strongly felt at Banda Aceh,
Epicentre
Lhok Sukon, Lhoksemawe and was
0
6.1°N-94.7 E
followed by a number of after­
shocks. Caused damage to
buildings; as a result of the
shocks 9 people said to have
perished, 20 people were badly
injured. VII-VIII GN-2

Origin Time
Tapanuli: North Sumatera - the
1936 Sept 9
quake caused minor damage at
Epicentre
Medan and it was felt as far
3.5 0 N-97.5 0 E
east as Malaysia. The most
destructive effects of the
quake were confined to the Karo
region; 17 people were killed
due to landslides in the
hills. Numerous cracks appeared
in the ground between Katacane
and Kabanjahe. A certain amount
of damage at Parapat, Brastagi,
and Tanjung Putri. Cracks
developed in walls at Langkat. VIII GN-2

Origin Time
Sanana: Molluca ­ aftershocks
1936 Oct 19
were also felt on Sula Island.
Epicentre
Movable objects were overthrown
2.0°S-126.0°E
and a rumbling sound was heard.
At Sanana 24 houses collapsed,
great fissures appeared in the
ground close to the market. At
Wai Ipa 14 houses were damaged
and at Wailau 2 buildings
sustained considerable damage. VIII GN-2

16

 Event Effect Intensity Source

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time
Tapanuli: North Sumatera - the
1936 Oct 27
quake was felt over Tapanuli,
Epicentre
West Sumatera and also locally
0.2 0 S-98.8 0 E
in East Sumatera. At various
places slight damage to
structures and ground-slumps
were reported. VII GN-2

Origin Time
Jogyakarta: Central Java - Felt
1937 Sept 27
as far east as eastern Lombok.
Epicentre
In general, south Central Java
8.7°S-l10.8 0 E
was badly damaged and slight
cracks in walls were found in
East Java. The region of
greatest destruction was in
Jogyakarta Province. At Klumpit
one house was torn apart, one
person reported killed. At
Prambanan 326 brick/stone
houses collapsed. At Klaten
2200 houses sustained damage;
at various places underground
pipelines were broken. VIII-IX GN-2

Origin Time
Banda: Maluku - the shock was
1938 Feb 02
felt on the Banda and Kei
Epicentre
islands. At Tual glassware was
5.OOS-131.5 0 E
broken, a pendulum clock
stopped. On Banda Island and
also on Kei Island great damage
was caused by tsunamis. VII GN-2

Origin Time
Tomini Gulf: Central Sulawesi -
1938 May 20
the tremor was felt as far west
Epicentre
as east Kalimantan and as far
0.7°S-120.3°E
north as Gorontalo (Minahassa).
The shock was associated with a
tsunami which swept the sea,
causing serious loss of life
and property; 942 houses
collapsed and a few persons
were drowned. VIII-IX GN-2

Origin Time
Exact origin unknown. Poorly
1938 Aug 02
built structures were badly
damaged; in the mountainous
regions, more damage was done
due to landslides. VII GN-2

Origin Time
Bengkulu: Sumatera - the shock
1938 Aug 18
was felt over West Sumatera,

17
 Event Effect
Intensity Source

Epicentre Palembang, Bengkulu and on the

3.8 0 S-102.8 0 Mentawai Islands. Fall of

plaster and cracks in walls
were reported at some places in
Bengkulu. VIr GN-2

Origin Time Flores: Walls were badly

1938 Oct 20 cracked in Flores. Ground-
Epicentre slides at Larantuka. The quake
9.2 0 S-123.2 0 E seemed to have aftershocks.
VII GN-2

Origin Time Bali: As a result of the shock,

1938 Oct 30 cracks appeared in walls and

Epicentre the principal mosque was badly

8.9 0 S-115.8 0 E damaged at Sakara.

VII GN-2

Origin Time Central Java: Fall of plaster

1939 Jun 27 and small cracks in walls in
Epicentre the Cirebon Residency. More
6.9 0 S-108.5 0 E damage was done at Sodomantra,
Jepara and Manis Kidul. VII GN-2

Origin Time East Java: Rembang and Surabaya

1939 Aug 11 were rocked; suspended objects
Epicentre swung. A brick building
6.5 0 S-112.4 0 E collapsed at Brondong. VII GN-2

Origin Time Central Sulawesi: This major

1939 Dec 22 earthquake was felt over north
Epicentre and central Sulawesi, East
0.0°S-123.0°E Kalimantan and as far north as
the Sulu Islands. Cracks
developed in walls at Gorontalo
and at Langonan; cupboards

overturned and a few people

were injured. Houses collapsed

at Kalo, Luwuk, Labuha and on

the Sula Islands. At Mandar and

Meulaboh in Central Sulawesi

houses were shaken.

VIII GN-2

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera ­

1941 Oct 11 strongly felt over Tapanuli;
Epicentre slight damage was done at

0.6 0 N-97.6 0 E Sibolga.

VII GN-2

Origin Time Gorontalo: North Sulawesi ­

1941 Nov 09 brick/stone buildings collapsed
Epicentre at Gorontalo, Paleleh and
1.4 0 S-121.1 0 E Cibawa. Ground-slumps and land­
slides in the hills were

18

 Event Effect Intensity Source

reported. VIII GN-2

Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central Java - the

1943 Jul 23 disturbance was most intense

Enicentre a l ong the south coast of

8.6°S-109.9 0 E Central Java, between Garut and

Sui-akarta, a distance of about

25:; kin. The deaths of 213
people have been reported and
about 2096 persons were
seri ous 1 y i n j u red ;
approximatel y 2 800 houses were
damaged. VIII GN-2

Origin Time East Java: Destructive in and

1950 Jun 19 around Gresik. Felt slightly in
12h 36m 54s South Kalimantan and as far
UTC west as West Java. VII GN-2
Eip c e n t r e
(cS- I 1 5°E7

Ori(gin Time Bima: Sumbawa - felt over South

1954 'ov0 Sul awesi, Lombok and F1ores.
02h I4m 54s .;riound-slumps and rock-sl ides
[MV7" were caused by the earthquake
E1pi'entr e in northeast Sumbawa. Bima and
8.0CS- tI').0°f Pa.a suffered most damage.
Magni tude Near Iy a I hr ick /stone houses
(i.75 were cracked and some coI lapsed
1ete 1y. Two bu i I d ings made
Iom
of reinforced concrete did not
s.ustain any damag.. The nier of
Bima harbour was bent outward.
A sma I I 'ust oms-house seemed to
be displaced o ver a distance of
about 0.5 m. Nor) lives were
lost. VII-VIII GN-2

Origin Time lalanq: East Java - seriously

1958 Oct 20 damaq(ed houses in the Ma lang
01h 12m 3i0s area. Earth fissures at various
UTC p OC and land-s] ides in the
Fnic-entre mntnta i nous regi ons. Eight
-
') ° I5 'persons lost their lives. VI I-VIII GN-2
>Ia{r i tkick-,: .
Dept i00 .i

'),i ; ; i n T 1:1e Una-Una: Cent:ra 1 Sulawesi -

P)() AtI;i 29 fe t over North and Central
)T !lO1e ?U)s Silawesi. Destructive on the
UTC Una-Una Islands. No lives were

19
 Event Effect Intensity Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Epicentre lost.
VII-VIII GN-2

0.5 0 S-121.5 0 E

Origin Time Tulungagung: East Java - the

1960 Oct 10 quake was strongly felt at
21h 44m 40s Tulungagung, where people were
UTC awakened by creaking of build-

Epicentre ings and where plaster cracked

8.0°S-112.5°E and fel I. The shock was felt as

far west as Baturetno in

Surakarta and as far east as

Tanggul in Besuki. This earth­

quake was widely felt in

southern East Java over an area

of about 15,000 square km. VI-VII E.I.

Origin Time F]ores: East Nusatenggara ­

1961 Mar .16 damage in most villages in
18h 21m 04s Central Flores; one person
UTC killed.
VII-VIII S.I.

Epicentre

8.'°S-122.3 0 E

Origin Time Campur darat: East Java ­

1961 May 07 damage to brick buildings at
04h 32m 05s Campur darat and Kebonagung
UTPC Tulung agung. Reports indicated
Eicentre that the maccoseismic area
8.5 0 S-112.0°E extended as far west as
Banyumas, Central Java and as

far east as Besuki in East

Java. Evidence indicated that

the tremor had a maximum

intensity of VII in the

immediate vicinity of the

centre. The shock also felt at

Jatisrana - Surakarta, Klaten,

Maos, Malang and Klakah. To the

north the macroseismic area was

limited by the mountain range

Kendeng; however some places,

such as Demak and Watubelah to

the north of the mountain

range, felt this tremor as
Intensity I I. The great
macroseismic extent suggested

that the quake was deep-seated.

In the vicinity of the centre

slight damage was caused to old

structures made of bricks

bonded with lime mortar. VI-VII S.I.

20

 Event Effect Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Wlingi: East Java - cracks in

1962 Dec "I walls in southern East Java.
00h 44m 19.7s The shock was felt as far east
UTC as the Island of Bali. A
Epicentre moderate tremor was felt in
9.0°S-112.2 0 E Wlingi and neighbouring places
in Kediri and also felt in most
Depth places in the Madium area. A
64 km large number of people in
buildings in Madium and Kediri
fe l t the quake and its
intensity was high enough to
cause some panic in public
places, such as schools and
markets. Macroseismic and
instrumental data indicated
that the tremor was of tectonic
nature and deep-focused. VI E.I.
Origin Time Ponorogo: East Java - the
1963 Jun 27 earthquake caused slight damage
llh 46m 58s in Ponorogo. The shock was felt
UTC in central and eastern Java.
Epicentre The western-most place was
08.3°S-112.2 0 E Jogyakarta and to the east,
Besuki, which detected the
Depth tremor; both places reported
180 km Intensity II. IV-V E.I.

Origin Time Labuan: West Java - the earth­

1963 Dec 16 quake caused slight damage in
02h 45m 35s Labuan where cracks devel oped
UTC in walls. A large number of
Epicentre people felt the quake and its
06.2 0 S-105.4 0 E intensity was high enough to
Magnitude cause some panic among the
5.0 people in Jakarta; however no
Depth damage was reported by this
55 km shock. The seismograph of the
Meteorological Service was out
of order. The shock was felt as
far east as Tasikma]aya as
Intensity II and as far west as
Kotabumi in South Sumatera as
Intensity II. The shock was
also felt in most places in
Priangan as Intensity II-III. V E.I.
Origin Time Banda Aceh: The earthquake was
1964 Apr 02 the strongest shock ever
01h llm 55s recorded in this region since

21
 Event Effect Intensity Source

OTC that of August 23, 1936 which

Epicentre caused considerable damage to
5.9 0 N-95.7 0 E buildings. The quake was most
Magnitude strongly felt at Banda Aceh
5.2 where the intensity was high
Depth (VI I MMI). About 30-40i of the
132 km brick bui ldi n-s sustai ned
damage. The vi I lage worst hit
was Krueng Raya. VII E.I.

Origin Time North Ma luku: A rumbling sound

1965 Jan 25 was heard tit Sanana Coastal
.2h 0n2m 51..s %vi , ages dest royed and 5
UTC persons reported ki I led, due to
l. icent re a tsunami. VII S.I.

.laqn i tude: 6.3

bepth: 313 km

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - at

1965 Jul 25 Saru ] a and Onang Hlasang in
01h 40m 40.4s Tapanul i the intensity reached
GMT V I I MM I ; damage to brick
Ericentre bu i I di ngs and ground-slumps
2.(N -99. 1; were observed. VII E.I.

Depth: '18 km

Or 11(n Time Malang: East Java - the place

i'91i 1eb 19 worst h i t was Damp i t , a
., 55s dist rict situated just to the
U! " south of Malang; according to
'.Qcentre quest ionna i re repor ts, 1539
0.,
"S-113.59E buil ding s were wrecked, 14
. 1- it.',de people were ki 1 led, 72 people
were itn]ired, Ne: t to Dampi t
p t11 was ';ondanq wlece, iccording to
80 km a report, 9 per)ple were kil led,
19 peop Ie were injured, I.19
bui 1di ncs col lapsed completely
and another 402 buildings were
cracked. 5 mosques were ruined.
Attention should also be drawn
to Trenriga ]ek where 33 wooden
houses were reported cracked
and so:me houses have been moved
s I i g h t Iy . I n 1esuk i , the
easternmost district of East
JIava, the intensity was of the
order of III to VI MMI; in
Tanggul , bui ldings sustained

22
 Event Effect Tntensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

slight damage only. The shock

was felt to the west as far as

Banyumas (Ci I acap) ; to the

north a chain of hi] Is in

western East Java form a sort

of barrier to the propagation

of seismic waves. No report was

received about a tsunami.

VIII-IX E.I.-67

Origin Time Tinambung: South Sulawesi - the

1967 Apr 1i tremor was felt over a wide
05h 09m Ils area . The area worst hit
UTC covered the coastal lowlands
..picentre extending from Campalagian to
03.7 0 S-119.3 0 E Tinambung. A high tsunami was
Magnitude generated during the main
4.9 shock, causing serious loss of
Depth life and property in coastal
51 km v i lages; 58 people were
reported killed by the collapse
of brick buildings, about 100

people were injured, 13 people

were drowned i n the sea or

missing. Fissures were local in

nature and might have been due

to the loose formation of the

soil in that area.

VII-VIII E.I.

Origin Time Aceh: North Sumatera - the

1967 Apr 12 earthquake was felt mainly over
04h 51m 50.2s the eastern coastal areas of
UTC Aceh, being located on al luvial
Epicentre deposits, and to the south as
05.3°N-97.3 0 E far as Kisaran. Farther inland
Magnitude the shock was fe I t in
6.1 Takengeun, situated in the

Depth mountainous region. No report

55 km was received from places on the

west coast of Aceh. The maximum

intensity, about midway between

Lhoseumawe End Sig] i, probably

did not exceed VI II MMI. The
places worst hit were Jeunieb,
Pendada and Jeumpa Bireain.
Damage was done to 5 mosques,
59 brick and wooden houses
which were used fer rel igious
purposes, 1] school buildings,
5 bridges and about 2000 brick

and wooden dwelling houses.

23

 Event Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Furthermore, earth-slumps,
rock-slides, cracks and
fissures were observe] over a
wide area; mud and sand erupted
from fissures in soft, water­
saturated deposits at some
places. In Sigli the quake was
fol lowed by an enormous
tsunami. Eastern Aceh is a
region of only moderate earth­
quake activity as compared, for
example, with the west coast of
Sumatera. VII E.I.

Origin Time Tambu: Central Sulawesi -

1968 Aug 14 generally along the west coast
22h 14m 15s of the northern part of central
UTC Sulawesi an increase of high
Epicentre waves was noticed shortly after
0.7 0 N-119.8 0 E the main shock, in particu'ar
Magnitude in Tambu Bay; the wave height
6.0 in Tambu was about 8 to 10
Depth metres and might have reached
23 km some coconut-tree tops; the
waves swept further inland, to
about 100-300 metres from the
coast (Tsunami). Most of the
beach of the inner part of
Tambu Bay is under sea water;
slumps with surface trace of
faulting and hot springs in
several places were observed.

Loss of life and considerable

damage were chiefly caused by
the tsunami along the coast of
Mapaga (200 people killed and
missing, 790 wooden houses
wrecked).

In Tambu 7 wooden houses on

pillars have been moved in a
northwesterly direction. In
Sabang a roaring sound was
reported. The small island of
Tuguan is uninhabited and is
still intact. The main shock
seemed to be followed by after
shocks and one of those was
shallow (11 km). A report from
Central Sulawesi about a sound

24

 Event Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

that was also heard in Tambu on

October 19, 1968 would
strengthen the report of the
presence of the shallow earth­
quake which was detected at
0.1 0 N-119.8 0 E in Mapaga Bay. VII-VIII E.I.

Origin Time Majene: South Sulawesi - this

19C9 Feb 23 quake killed 64 people, 97
00 36m 55.6s others were injured and about
UTC 1287 man-made structures were
Epicentre wrecked including mosques which
03.1°S-118.5 0 E completely col lapsed due to
Magnitude poor construction. The place
6.1 worst hit was Majene.

Depth

13 km Eighty percent of brick

buildings sustained seri.ous

damage; some of them completely

collapsed.

The pier of the harbour was

cracked in several places

possibly due to a subsidence of

the submarine surface just

outside the harbour; gaping

cracks, about 50 m long, caused

three brick buildings serious

damage; the centre market

completely collapsed resulting

in several deaths and severe

property damage.

Campalagian and Wonomulyo,

located on alluvium and

respectively about 30 km and 50

km east of Majene, also

sustained structural damage.

Generally wooden houses were

able to resist the shaking and

much of the damage there was

caused by the col lapse of

unreinforced concrete walls.

A tsunami generated by the

quake struck the coastal

villages north of Majene.

The wave height reached about 4

m at Paletoang and 1.5 m at

Parasanga and Palili.

25

 Event Effect Intensity Source

The construction in the

vi 1 lage- was principal ly wood
frame and, due to their

location at the end of a bay,

the wooden houses were swept
away the tsinamri. in these
coastal pl aces banana trees
were almost total ly destroyed.
Damage to the mosque was
probably due to the fact that
the old structures were made of
brick without reinforcing iron
rous .

Several bridges were damaged in

this narrow lowland plain.

Between Somba and Parasanga

great blocks of Neogene marls

and tuffs tumbled down and in
some places the road was buried

by these blocks. Also from the

edge of the raised coral reefs
greater and smal ler parts were

loosened and tumbled down onto

the beach.

Fissures were also observed at

several places. People inter­

viewed aid a roaring sound was

heard coming from the sea. The

shock was felt as far south as
Ujung pandang. VIII E.I.& S.I.

Origin Time Sukabumi: West Java - a rela­

1969 Nov 02 tively strong earthqvake was
18h 53m 06.6s felt in southern West Java. In
Epicentre the Bogor area suspended
06.5 0 S-]07.1 0 E objects swung as a result of
Magnitude the shock; in Campaka, where

5.4 the intensity was highest, the

Depth only known structural damage
57 km was cracks produced in the
walls of some badly constructed
buildings.

The sho-k was also sI ightly

felt in Jakarta. In the south

Bogor area, an aftershock

seemed to be felt one hour

later. In Sukabumi a poorly

constructed brick building was

26
 Event
Effect Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

reported collapsed as a result

of this earthquake.
V E.I.
Origin Time Sentani: Irian Jaya - the quake

1971 Jan 10 was

felt in most places in

07h 17m 03.7s northern Irian Jaya and rocked

UTC Jayapura and Sentani.

Epicentre

03.1 0 S-140.1 0 E In Jayapura cracks developed in

Magnitude walls of
brick buildings and

7.3 ten wooden buildings on pillars

Depth
floating on water collapsed

normal completely.

In Sentani, 40 km away from

Jayapura, a church was cracked

and at 10 km further inland

about 14 wooden houses on

pillars toppled.

In Genyem, about 40 km away

from Sentani, earth-slumps and

fissures which erupted mud and

sand were observed.

A sound was heard like gun

fire. This area is sparsely

inhabited and the sketchy

information is due to difficult

communications.
VI-VII E.I.& S.I.
Origin Time Sibolga: North Sumatera ­
1971 Feb 04 damage to brick buildings
15h 33m 22.Os developed in Pasaman, Natal,
GMT Pinangsore, Sibolga and Pasir
Epicentre Ulu estate.
0.6 0 N-98.8OE

Magnitude Fissures
were observed in

6.3 Sibolga
and hot rprings

Depth developed
in Tarutung. The

normal shock was

generally felt in

various places in the eastern

part of north Sumatera and as

far east as Singapore. No loss

of life was reported from this

earthquake.
V-VI E.I.& S.I.
Origin Time Bantar Kawung: Central Java ­
1971 Jun 16 the shock was generally felt in
14h 44m 22.5s western Central Java. The place

Epicentre
worst hit was Buaran, about 6

27

 Event Effect
Intensity Source

7.2 0 S-l09.1 0 E km west of Bumiayu; further, in

Magnitude Bantar Kawung and Jipang,

5.2 respectively some 12 and 17 km

Depth west of Bumiayu, most brick

35 km buildings suffered considerable

damage.

In the affected area 1377

buildings sustained damage;

wooden houses generally

resisted shaking but some

poorly constructeO buildings

slanted toward east or west and

some collapsed completely.

Despite this only one person

was reported killed and 6

injured. The damage might have

been due to old structures made

of brick which are not well

cemented and are without

reinforcing iron rods. The

unconsolidated river deposits

may largely be responsible.

VII-VIII E.I.& S.I.

Origin Time Mamuju: South Sulawesi - :he

1972 Sept 06 quake rocked the Mamuju area in

08h 00m 25.3s the northwestern part of south

UTC Sulawesi. Only slight damage to

Epicentre brick buildings resulted from

2.5 0 S-119.1 0 E the tremors. The quake was

Magnitude preceded by a roaring sound
5.8 similar to that of a bomb. The
Depth shock was felt as far south as
36 km Majene. IV E.I.

Origin Time East Java: Southern Blitar ­

1972 Nov 04 Trenggalek area experienced an

21h 36m 54.0s earthquake at 04h 36m L.T. in

Epicentre the morning.

08.4°S-i12.2 0 E

Magnitude Gandusari reported a fairly

6.C strong shock as Intensity V-VI

Depth MMI. The tremor caused cracks

126 km in the walls of brick buildings

and a great number of people

were awakened from sleep. The

shock was felt as far as the

Jogyakarta - Surakarta broder

and this far-extended felt area

strengthened the view that the

28

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
shock was deeper than normal. V-VI
E.I.

Origin Time Sumedang: West Java - tt 21h

1972 Dec 19
47m E.T. on December 19th 19 7 2
14h 47m 00s the Sumedang area experienced a
UTC tremor of moderate strength
Epicentre which was slightly shallower
06.9 0 S-107.8 0 E than normal, as indicated by
Magnitude the small area affected.

4.5

Depth The quake caused slight damage

very shallow to old brick buildings and

panic among the people.

In Cibunar, Rancakaleng and

Pasaribu villages the intensity

was IV MMI.

In Sindang village the same

quake was felt as V MMI;

ground-slides and
ground

fissures were observed.

V E.I.

Origin Time Pelabuhanratu: West Java

- in
1973 Nov 26 Pelabuhanratu the quake was
08h 51m 12.8s felt as Intensity III-IV MMI.
UTC
Epicentre At Ci tar ik
and Cidadap

06.8°S-106.6 0 E villages, where the intensity

Magnitude was highest, the only known

4.9 structural damage was slight
Depth cracks produced in the walls of
62 km old brick buildings and falling
of plaster. Ground cracks and
ground-slides were observed. V E.I.
Origin Time Siau Island: North Sulawesi -
1974 Feb 27 the quake was followed by an
00h 21m 57.7-, aftershock on March 02. A
UTC roaring sound was heard,
Epicentre indicating that the quake was
2.7°N-125.4°E shallow.
Magnitude
5.2 On March 13, 1974 occurred a
Depth shallow earthquake again off
normal the west coast of Siau Island.
The shock caused people to
panic; due to the continuous
strong shocks and the loose
formation of the soil in that
area, it caused ground-slides,

29

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------

ground cracks and damage to

buildings.
V E.I.

Origin Time Banten: West Java - this quake

1974 Nov 09 caused people to awaken. In
19h 10m 55.2s Leuwiliang, southern Banten,
UTC one stone building collapsed
Epicentre and cracks devc~oried in the
6.5 0 S-105.3 0 E walls of some houses. The shock
Magnitude was felt as far as Lampung and
6.1 Pringasewu in South Sumatera

Depth and also in Jakarta by some

51 km people.
VI E.I.

Origin Time Banda Island: Maluku - heavy

1975 Jan 15 damage at Bandanaira, 81 houses
09h 42m 24s seriously damaged, 4 houses
!,rc moderately damaged and 2 houses
Epicentre slightly damaged. The earth-
5.0°S-130.0°E quake was fol lowed by a
Magnitude tsunami.
VII E.R.

5.9

Depth: normal

Origin Time The shock felt by many people

1975 Mar 05
in Sanana - Sula Island at
00h 22m 23s 01.30 UTC for 8 seconds and at
UTC 02.24 UTC for 1.5 seconds.
Epicentre
02.4°S-126.1 0 E Cracks in walls and plaster
Magnitude falling. The earthquake was
6.5 followed by a tsunami. The

Depth height of sea water was about

normal 1.20 m; it reached the road in

Sanana and caused people to

panic. No persons killed.

VI E.R.

Origin Time Kupang: Timor Island - the

1975 Jul 30 walls of many houses fell,
09h 17m ll.6s cracks in walls, plaster fell.
UTC No damage to buildings or
Epicentre houses of good construction.

9.9 0 S-123.9 0 E The earthquake was followed by

Magnitude a sound like thunder from the

6.1 ground.
VII E.R.

Depth

30-50 km

O igin Time Purwokerto: Almost everyone was

1)76 Feb 14 awakened from sleep due to the

2 h 31m 49s earthquake and the sounds from

30
 Event
Effect Intensity Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------

UTC
the buildings/houses. The shock
Epicentre
was also felt at Ajibarang,
7.2°S-109.3°E
Kedungbanteng, Tegal, Brebes,
Magnitude
Pekalongan, Magelang and
5.6
Semarang. No damage reported. IV E.R.
Depth: 22 km

Origin Time
Kotacane: Aceh - cracks
1976 Jun 20
occurred in the walls of the
20h 56m 31.7s
local government office build­
UTC
ing.
Epicentre

3.20 N-96.3 0 E
Sibolga - cracks in walls of
Magnitude
the poer-house building at
6.1
Pinangsore Airport. The earth­
Depth
quake was also felt by many
33 km
people in Banda Aceh and Medan,
but no damage was reported. VII E.R.
Origin Time
Jayapura: The shock felt by
1976 Jun 25
many people but no damage was
19h 18m 29s
reported. According to the
UTC
newspaper report, the earth­
Epicentre
quake caused a landslide and
3.2°S-142.8°E
ground cracks in the hinterland
Magnitude
of Irian Jaya. IV E.R.
6.8

Origin Time
Bime, Epiomek, Nalca and Okbad
1976 Jun 25
in Irian Jaya: Severe damage
19h 18m 55.5s
caused by this earthquake.
UTC
Moderate or slight damage
Epicentre
occurred in langda, Ambon,
4.6°S-139.8°E
Japil, Oksibil. Due to the lack
Magnitude
of transport and communications
7.0
no complete report available. VIII E.R.
Depth: 33 km

Origin Time
Seririt and Busungbiru: 90%
1976 Jul 14 brick buildings and houses
07h 13m 22s
collapsed. In Tabanan and
UTC
Jembrana more than 75% build­
Epicentre
ings and houses severely
8.2°S-i14.9°E
damaged. 559 people killed, 850
Magnitude
people seriously injured and
6.2
some than 3200 injured. VIII E.R.
Depth: normal

Origin Time
Nalca: Bime - 62 people killed.
1976 Oct 29

02h 51m Ols

Langda - 46 people killed.

31
 Event Effect Intensity Source

UTC

Epicentre The wooden houses of native

4.7 0 S-140.2 0 E people, which were built on the

Magnitude slope, collapsed and were
6.0 buried by a landslide, but the

Dep.th wooden houses which were built

30-50 km on the flat ground suffered no

damage. VIII E.R.

Origin Time Bangli: Bali - this relatively

1977 Jan 26 strong quake was felt in Bangli
13h llm 29.5s and surroundings.
UTC
Epicentre In Kayubihi vil lage cracks were
8.25OS-ii5.3 0 E produced in the wal ls of one
Magnitude semi-permanent school building;
5.0 a monument and temple

Depth collapsed. About 90% of houses

normal damaged.

In Banjar Antugan Jehem vil lage

more than 80% of buildings and

houses cracked.

Ground-sl ides and cracks in the

ground were observed in the
Melangit River, about 500 m

eastward of Kayubihi and

Antugan. No deaths or injuries

reported. VI E.R.

Origin Time Pasaman: West Sumatera - in

1977 Mar 08 Sinurat the quake caused
23h 17m 29s serious damage to 737 houses,
UTC one market, 7 school buildings,
Epicentre 8 mosques and 3 o f f ice
0.4 0 N-99.7 0 E buildings.

Magni tude

6.0 In Talu 245 houses, 3 school

Depth buildings and 8 mosques also
normal damaged. Almost al l wooden
houses in that area were

slanted and shifted from their

foundations. Cracks in the

ground 5-75 cm wide were

observed. The quake was felt at

Padang and Pandangpanjang with

intensity of III MMI. No deaths

or injuries reported. VIII E.R.

32

 Event
Effect
IntenL-.y Source

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Origin Time
Sumbawa: East Nusatenggara ­
1977 Aug
19 the quake was an under-sea

19h 06m 08s quake and its epicentre was far

UTC from the

land but, due to the

Epicentre tsunami which accompanied it,

II.1 0 S-118.5 0 E most of the southern part of

Magnitude
the sea coast of Bali, Lombok,

7.0
Sumbawa and Sumba was damaged.

Depth
In Kuta-Bali one person killed

33 km
and 5 houses collapsed, 26

boats damaged or missing. In

Lombok 20 persons killed, 115

houses damaged, 132 boats

missing or damaged.

In Sumbawa 81 people killed, 53

people missing; more than 1000

people lost their property; 63

houses, one school building,

one mosque collapsed and the

others were cracked. The quake

also caused damage to some

office building and school

buildings and a mosque and

market in Sumbawa and Bima.

In the whole of Nusatenggara

Island the quake resulted in

107 people killed, 54 people

missing, 440 houses damage/

collapsed, 467 boats missing or

damaged, 5 school buildings

collapsed and 3 teachers'

houses damaged.
VII E.R.

Origin Time
Marapi: Eest Sumatera - the
1979 Apr 28
quake caused cracks in some
03h 29m 55.5s
houses in Pinangsore - Sibolga.
UTC
The shock also felt in Padang,
Epicentre
Padangpanjang, Rukittinggi,
0.70 N-99.5 0 E
Batusangkar and caused people
Magnitude
to panic. Two days after, at
5.7
midnight on April 30, the
Depth
Marapi disaster occurred,
normal
because materials such as
stones and soil crashed down
from the top and slopes of the
mountain. The materials from
Marapi washed away everything
and resulted in 64 people

killed, 9 people missing, 193

33

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

houses collapsed, 42 bridges

damaged, 138 dams and
irrigation schemes destroyed,
34 cattle killed. The disaster
might have been caused not only
by the quake but also by the
heavy rain in Marapi and the
surrounding district. V E.R.

Origin Time
Lombok: Nusatenggara - in
1979 May 30
Tanjunq many houses and build­
09h 38m 53s
ings collapsed, especially the
UTC
poorly designed structures and
Epicentre
old houses/buildings. Some
8.2 0 S-115.9 0 E
people killed and injured.
'magnitude
Other affected areas were
6.1
Buyan, Gangga, Ked i r i ,
Depth
Cakranegara Narmada, where many
25 km
buildings and houses were also
seriously damaged and some even
collapsed. Two mosques in
Narmada and Cakranegara
suffered moderate damage,
cracks developed in their
walls. The tower of the mosque
in Kediri cracked. In Ampenan
and Mataram the quake caused
only slight damage to houses/
buildings. In fact, the damage
to houses/buildings was due to
old or poor construction. VIII-IX E.R.

Origin Time
Sentani, Jayapura: Irian Jaya -
1979 Jul 23
the shocks caused damage to
05h 52m 53s
buildings and houses in
UTC
Sentani. VII E.I.
Epicentre

2.5 0 S-140.4°E

Magnitude: 5.7

Depth: normal

Origin Time
Japen - Serui: Trian Jaya -
1979 Sept 12
this earthquake killed 2 people
05h 17m 52.4s
and injured 5 people slightly
UTC
in Japen and Jobi villages.
Epicentre
Many houses, buildings, school
1.8 0 S-136.1 0 E
buildings and clinics col lapsed
Magnitude
or were seriously damaged.
6.4

Depth
The villages that experienced
50 km
damage are Ansus, Papuma,

34

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

-- -------------------------------------------------------------------

Serui, Ariepie, Aromarea,

Sarawandori, Serui Laut,
Kabuaena, Borai, Menawi,
Kointunai, Dawai, Randawaya and
Warironi. All the above­
mentioned are located in the
Japen District. VII E.R.
Origin Time Karangasem: Bali - the quake
1979 Oct 20 caused moderate damage to
01h 42m 9s buildings and houses in
UTC Karangasem, Ampenen, and
Epicentre Mataram on Lombok Island, east-
8.25OS-i16.0OE ward of Bali. VI E.I.
Magnitude: 5.8
Depth: normal

Origin Time Tasikmalaya: West Java - in

1979 Nov 02 Tasikmalaya and surroundings

15h 53m 2.6s the quake caused 163 houses and

UTC buildings to collapse; 1430

Epicentre houses were seriously damaged;

8.6°S-107.8°E one meeting hall

and 24 school

Magnitude buildings were damaged, 3

6.4 mosques collapsed and 29 were

Depth seriously damaged; 159 news­

64 km stand were severely damaged.

In Garut most old and poorly

constructed stone houses

collapsed; many permanent

houses had cracks in walls. 10

people killed, 12 seriously

injured. Cracks in the ground

in an east-west direction were

observed. The quake was

accompanied by a roaring sound

from under the ground. Abnormal

sea tides were observed 2 days

before the quake occurred in

Pameungpeuk.
VII E.R.

Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - the quake

1979 Dec 15 caused damage in Kepahiang and
00h 02m 37s Curup. No-one killed or injured
UTC by this quake, but many houses

Epicentre and building seriously damaged.

3.5 0 S-102.4 0 E

Magnitude In Kepahiang, more than 550

6.0 houses seriously damaged and in

Depth the Rejang Lebong area around

35

 Event Effect Intensity Source

----------------------------------------------------------------------

25 km
630 houses also seeriously
damaged; many others cracked on
walls. Ground-slides and cracks
were observed. Near Bengkulu,
many houses were shifted from
their foundations and water
pipes were broken. VII-VIII-IX E.R.

Origin Time
Ka r anga sem: Ba 1 i - i n
1979 Dec 17
Karangasem this earthquake
19h 58m 26s
killed 5 persons, seriously
UTC
injured 34 and slightly injured
Epicentre
250. Some houses collapsed,
8.4cS-115.8 0
some were seriously damaged,
Magnitude
many slightly damaged.
5.0

Depth
In Abang, 17 people killed, 9
28 km
seriously injured, 300 slightly
injured. Some houses collapsed,
others seriously or slightly
damaged.

In Culik many houses collapsed.

In Kubu, one person killed, 2

persons seriously injured and
18 sl ight ly injured. Most
buildings seriously or slightly
damaged, but no building
collapsed.

In Bebandem, one person kil led,

2 seriously injured and 4
slightly injured. Buildings and
houses seriously or slightly
damaged. Cracks in the road and
land were observed along 0.5
km. VII-VIII E.R.

Origin Time
Manado: North Sulawesi - in
1980 Feb 22
Manado cracks developed in some
03h 51m 46s
buildings and houses. No one
UTC
reported killed or injured. VI E.I.
Epicentre

1.50N- 12A.65°E
Magnitude: 5.5

Depth: normal

Original Time Tasikmalaya: West Java - in

1980 Apr 16
Singaparna many houses had
12h 18m 19s
cracks in walls but in Tasikma­

36

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
OTC laya itself only some houses

Epicentre were cracked.

8.25°S-108.8 0 E

Magnitude In Garut and surroundings the

6.4 poorly constructed houses had

Depth cracks in walls; also in the

normal districts of Sukawening,

Pasanggrahan, Jamberea,

Caringin etc. many cracks

developed in walls.

In the Singajaya district 10

elementary school buildings

slanted. The quake also caused

cracks in houses in Cilacap,

Central Java. The shocks were

felt in Bandung at Intensity

III. V-VI E.R.
Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - cracks in walls
1980 Aug 17 developed in some houses in the
09h Olm 58s city of Ambon. No more damage
UTC was observed. V E.I.
Epicentre
3.7 0 S-128.5 0 E

Magnitude: 5.4

Depth: normal

Origin Time Karanganyar: Central Jaya - the

1981 Jan 01 quake shook Karanganyar and
02h 09m 52s surroundings and caused slight
UTC damage to some houses. VI E.I.

Epicentre

7.7°S-ill.0°E

Magnitude: 6.0

Depth: Shallow

Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central Java ­ the

1981 Mar 13 shock was felt in Jogyakarta

23h 22m 35s and caused small cracks in the

UTC
walls of the Ambarukmo Hotel.

Epicentre No other buildings or houses

8.95°S-1i0.4 0 E damaged.
VII E.I.

Magnitude: 6.0

Depth: normal

Origin Time Sukabumi: West Java - the quake

1982 Feb 10 was felt in

some places in the

09h 17m 50.2s Sukabumi and Bogor areas. The

UTC shock caused serious or slight

Epicentre damage to
many houses and

37

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

7.0°S-106.9 0 E
buildings and 4 people were
Magnitude
injured. No loss of life. VII E.I.
5.3

Depth: 25 km

Origin Time Ruteng: Flores Island - in

1982 Aug 06 Ruteng the quake was strong
20h 40m 52.5s
enough to make people panic and
UTC
run out from their houses. No
Epicentre
building or house collapsed,
8.35 0 S- but one hospital, one school
120.35 0 E building and one government
Magnitude
office building and some houses
5.6
were seriously damaged, and a
Depth
microwave station building was
18 km
slightly damaged.

In Pagal, north of Ruteng, two

school buildings, one church
and 2 clinics were slightly
damaged, cracks developed in
walls and plaster fell. Cracks
in the ground were observed. VI-VII E.R.

Origin Time
Una-Una: Central Sulawesi - a
1982 Aug 23
sma . Li island in Central
16h 46m 34.7s
Sulawesi Province was hit by a
UTC moderate earthquake. The walls
Epicentre
of severa l houses fell. Cracks
0.060N- developed in walls and plaster
121.23 0 E
fell. No deaths or injuries
Magnitude
were reported. VII E.R.
4.7
Depth: 5 km

Origin Time
LaLantuka: Flores Island - the
1982 Dec 25
quake caused serious damage in
12h 28m 2.7s
Larantuka, Solor and on Adonara
UTC Island in east Nusatenggara
Epicentre
Province.
8.4°S-123.04 0 E

Magnitude
Hundreds of houses collapsed
5.1
and thousands were slightly
Depth
damaged, 13 people were killed,
normal
17 injured and more than 400
slightly injured. VII-VIII E.I.

Origin Time
Ambon: Maluku - the shock
1983 Mar 12
caused slight damage in Ambon.
00h 53m 36s
The quake was accompanied by a
UTC
tsunami along the coast of

38

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Epicentre
Ambon.
VI E.I.

4.4°S-128.05 0 E

Magnitude: 5.8

Depth: 26 km

Origin Time
Banda Aceh: North Sumatera -
1.983 Apr 04
the quake caused both serious
02h 51m 13.9s
and slight damage at Banda
UTC
Aceh. The wa is of school
Epicentre
buildings collapsed and window
5.8 0 N-93.27 0 E
panes were broken. Some of the
Magnitude
Government buildings, for
6.6
example the Treasure building,
Depth
TV station building, one room
51 km
of the University building and
the telephone office building,
were damaged.

In Meulaboh on the west coast

of Aceh one building was
slanted. VI E.I.
Origin Time
Toli-Toli: Central Sulawesi -
1983 Oct 16
according to the news in the
05h 32m 24.8s
Kompas newspaper, on October
UTC
21, 1983 the quake caused 20
Epicentre
houses in ToI i -To 1 i to
1.48 0
N-
collapse and 15 aborigines'
0

121.01 E
houses were seriously damaged. VI E.I.
Magnitude: 5.9

Depth: 46 km

Origin Time
Sangihe-Talaud: North Sulawesi
1983 Oct 22
- in the Sangihe-Talaud Islands
21h 48m 44.4s
cracks developed in the walls
UTC
of buildings. No loss of life
Epicentre
was reported. V E.I.
4.0°N-126.6 0 E

Magnitude: 4.9

Depth: 118 km

Origin Time
Central Sulawesi: The quake was
1983 Oct 25
strong enough to cause 2 people
00h 36m 19.4s
killed, 4 injuried and 24
UTC
houses seriously damaged,
Epicentre
of which 20 collapsed. The
1.6 0 N-120.8 E
shock was also felt in Palu,
Magnitude: 6
the capital of Central Sulawesi
Depth: 50 km
Province. VII E.I.

39

 Event
Effect Intensity Source

Origin Time
Waingapu - Sumba - Nusatengga­
1983 Oct 31
ra: Some houses around Mauhau
03h 37m 54.5s
Airport in Waingapu had cracks
UTC
in their walls. The quake was
Epicentre
felt in Ujungpandang and
9.550
-
Denpasar (Bali). V E.I.
119.09 0 E

Magnitude: 6.5

Depth: 179 km

Origin Time
Mamuju: Central Sulawesi - this
1984 Jan 08
quake kil led 2 persons,
15h 24m 14.4s
seriously injured 5, slightly
UTC
injured 84.
Epicentre

2.94OS
-
In the affected area 15 govern­
118.73 0 E
ment office buildings, 23
Magnitude
government houses, 31 school
5.9
buildings, one clinic, 6ne
Depth
news-stand seriously damaged
95 km
and about 16 government office
buildings, 12 government
houses, 14 school buildings and
two clinics slightly damaged.
Besides this above-mentioned
damage, 213 local people's
houses, 4 shops, 18 mosques and
one church were seriously
damaged and 321 people's
houses, 4 shops, 13 mosques and
1 church were slightly damaged.
Ground-slumps were observed in
Tapalang. The shock was also
accompanied by a tsunami. VII E.R.

Origin Time
Pahae Jae - Tapanuli - No:th
1984 Aug 27
Sumatera: In Sarula, three
06h 41m 25.5s
elementary school buildings and
UTC
cne junior high school buildir.g
Epicentre
collapsed, one senior high
1.5 0 -98.94 0 E
school building was seriously
Magnitude
damaged and the school
4.8 caretaker's house shifted 30 cm
Depth
from its foundations. Cracks
53 km
developed in the walls of the
local authority office, post
office building, clinic.

In Perdamaian And Selangkitang

villages two elementary school
buildings partly collapsed.

40
Event Effect Intensity Source

--------------------------------------------------- ------------------

Groundslides were observed. On

the road between Tarutung and

Padangsidempuan cracks in the

ground developed and sulphurous

gas was emitted. VIII E.R.

In Pinangsori-Sibolga small

cracks developed in the walls

of houses.

The quake was felt as far as

Gunung Sitili on Nias Island,

Rantau Prapat and Balige (Toba

Lake).

According to the news, the

shock was also felt along the

west coast of Malaysia.

41

 REFERENCES

Bullen, K.E. 1947, An Introduction to the Theory of Seismology,

Cambridge University Press.

Hodgson, J.H. 1984, Earthquake and Earth Structure, Englewood

Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

Milne, 1911, A Catalogue of Destruction Earthquakes A.D.

7 to

A.D. 1899., London, Offices of

the British Association

for the Advancement of Science.

Richter, C.F. 1958, Elementary Seismology, San Francisco, W.H.

Freeman and Company.

Sutadi, R., 1962, Seismic Zones in Indonesia, Jakarta,

Meteorological and Geophysical Service.

Sutadi, R., 1971, Seismology in Indonesia, Jakarta,

Meteorological and Geophysical Service.

42

 PART B

ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY

FOR EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA

 PART B ATTENUATION FUNCTION OF INTENSITY

FOR EARTHQUAKES OF INDONESIA

Introduction

Attenuation rate
of intensity is calculated based on the

assumption that intensity

level decreases exponentially with

respect to epicentral distance.

Mathematical formulation of the attenuation of intensity is:

= 10 . e-bx (in MMI)

where Ix intensity level at x km epicentral

distance

1 = intensity level at the epicentre

b = attenuation rate of intensity
x = epicentral distance in km

Intensity levels are interpreted from macroseismic reports

of destructive earthquakes in Indonesia which, for this paper,

are limited to mediterranean events only.

Twelve out of
twenty examples from macroseismic data have

yielded a correlation coefficient

greater than 0.65. Attenuation

rates range from 0.001 up to 0.021. Due to lack of data, it is

still
difficult to determine the dependence of attenuation rate

on magnitude and focal depth. However, it can be roughly

concluded that shallow inland earthquakes have greater

attenuation rates than deep submarine earthquakes. Of course,

local conditions, such as population density, soil stability and

building quality also make a considerable effect.

Attenuation Function Analysis

The relation between intensity level (in MMI scale) and

epicentral distance (in

km) has been calculated for several

destructive earthquakes in Indonesia.

The hypothetical

attenuation form used in this analysis is taken from Bolt and

Abrahamson (1982).

For thc purnu-se of simp] ificaticn and easy comparison, this

paper wi Il deal with mediterranean earthquakes only. Another
reason is that their epicentres are distributed along densely

populated areas, such as Java, Sumatera and Bali. Therefore, it

can be expected that the macroseismic reports for these areas are

relatively complete.

Twenty examples of macroseismic data have been analyzed to

determined their attenuation rates of intensity.

Table 1 shows those earthquakes in chronological order.

There are actually many more examples of macroseismic data, but

43

most do not contain complete reports, especially those for MMI

below III and IV. Even in this analysis not all data could be

taken into calculation either because the report was doubtful or

the location could not be identified.

Attenuation function of intensity is calculated here based

on the assumption that intensity level decreases exponentially

with respect to epicentral distance, without taking into account

geometrical spreading. The reason for not considering geometrical

spreading is that intensity level is partly a matter of

interpretation; consequently, exact values cannot be expected.

The case would be different if the data to be analyzed related to

ground acceleration.

By means of linear regression analysis, it was found that 12

out of 20 examples of macroseismic data have given good
correlation between intensity level and epicentral distance.
Their attenuation curves are shown in Figures 1-12, while their
attenuation rates are listed in Table 2. From this Table, it is
seen that 9 out of l2 linear regressions have a correlation
coefficient even greater than 0.80.

The only unexpected result encountered in the attenuation

function analysis is that the earthquake of Pudjon (see Fig. 12)

has an 1 o
greater than XII which should have been impossible.

Fortunately, it was a submarine earthquake, therefore its I o

should not be physical ly interpreted. Probably the result might

have been better if focal distance had been used instead of

epicentra]. distance, because the focal depth of the Pudjon

earthquake was found to be approximately 100 km. A suggestion to

include geometrical spreading, which would lead to a regression

analysis of three variables might probably also produce a better

resul.t.

44

 Table 1 Destructive Earthquakes in Indonesia

(Selected for Attenuation Function Analysis)

------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
No. of

No. Date Epicentre Area of Greatest

Intensity Mag Intensities

Destruction
Interpreted

------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
1. 16 Feb 1861 0.1 0 S-97.9 0 E Simuk, West of VIII - 8

Sumatera

2. 01 Apr 1921 2.4 0 N-98.8 0 E North Sumatera VII-VIII 6.7 12

3.
28 Jun 1926 0.7 0 S-100.6 0 E Padang Panjang IX 6.7 10

0
4. 24 Aug 1936 6.1 N-94.7 0 E Banda Aceh VIII-IX 7.3 4

5. 09 Sep 1936 3.8 0 N-97.5 0 E Kotacane VIII 7.2 9

6. 27 Sep 1937 8.7°S-110.8 0 E Jogyakarta IX 7.2 18

7. 20 Oct 1958 9.5 0 S-112.5°E Podjon, East Java

IX 6.7 7

8. 02 Apr 1964 5.9 0 N-95.7 0 E Banda Aceh VII-ViII 5.2 11

9. 12 Apr 1967 5.5 0 N-97.3 0 E North Sumatera VIII 6.1 7

10. 04 Feb 1971 0.4 0 N-98.5 0 E Sibolga, North IX 6.3 8

Sumatera

11. 09 Feb 1975 6.7°S-106.7 0 E Sukabumi, VIII 5.2 12

West Java

12. 15 Feb 1976 7.2°S-109.3 0 E Purwokerto,

IV 5.6 15

Central Java

13. 21 Jun 1976 3.2 0 N-96.3°E Kotacane, VI-VII 6.1 6

North Sumatera

14. 09 Mar 1977 0.4°N-99.7°E West Sumatera

VIII 6.4 10

15. 02 Nov 1979 8.6 0 S-107.8°E Tasik Malaya, VII-VIII 6.4 21

West Java

16. 15 Dec 1979 3.50S-102.4 0 E Kepahiang, IX

6.0 10

Bengkulu

17. 18 Dec 1979 8.4°S-i15.8°E Karangasem, Bali

IX
0
5.8 27

18. 16 Apr 1980 8.3°S-108.8 E Tasikmalaya, VI 6.4 29

West Java

19. 10 Feb 1982 6.9 0 S-106.9 0 E Sukabumi, VII-VIIi 5.3

9

0 West Java

20. 27 Aug 1984 1.5 N_98.9oE Pahae Jae, VIII 4.8

11

North Sumatera

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Banda Aceh, 2 April 1964

Epicentre: 05.9 0 N - 95.7 0 E

Magnitude: 5.2, Depth: 132 km

Data Source: Geophysical Notes No. 3,

"Preliminary Notes on the Atjeh

Earthquake of April 2, 1964"

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

1. Banda Aceh
47 30-40% of the brick buildings

were severely damaged; cracks

appeared in a two-storey

shopping centre building. VII-VIII

2. Sigli
58 Cracks in walls of buildings. VI

3. Padangtiji
55 20 brick buildings were

severely damaged, some even

tumbled down. VII

4. Lho Semawe
181 Medium shocks were felt. V

5. Langsa
300 Weak shocks were felt. II

6. Takengon
191 Rather weak shocks were fel.t. II

7. Meulaboh
194 Rather weak shocks were felt. II

46

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of TaRanuli, 1 April 1921

Epicentre: 02.4 N-98.8°E

Magnitude: 6.75, Depth:

Data source: Volcanic Phenomena and Earthquakes

in the East-Indian Archipelago

Observed during the Year 1921

(Translation from Dutch)

----------------------------------------------------------------
No. Location x (km)
Reported Effects MMI

a------------------------------

1. Banda Aceh 522

Shocks were noticeably felt. 11-111

2. Deli 124
Shocks were noticeably felt. II-III

2. Penang 376
Shocks were noticeably felt. II-III

4. Gunung Sitoli 182

Shocks were noticeably felt II-III

5. Medan 131
Shocks caused water to pour

from a reservoir. IV-V

6. Tarutung 131
Slight damage to buildings VI

7. Muara 12
Strong quakes disturbed water

in Lake Toba. VII

8. Nainggolan 12
Strong quakes disturbed water

in Lake Toba. VII

9. Batangtoru 103
Cracks appeared in the ground

surface. VII-VIII

10. Sipoholan 33
Cracks appeared in the ground

surface. VII-VIII

47

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Kotacane, 9 September 1936

Epicentre: 03.8 0 N-97.5 0 E

Magnitude: 7.2, Depth:

Data source: Volcanic Phenomena and Earthquakes

in the East-Indian Archipelago

Observed during the Year 1936

(Translation from Dutch)

---------------------------- -------- ---------------------------

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects HMI

----------------------------------------------------------------

1. Medan 135 People were panic-stricken

and running down the street.

Clock pendulum stopped

swinging, lamp swung, slight

damage to buildings. VI

2. Karo region 115 Shocks caused severe damage,

17 people were killed by

landslides. VIII

3. Kotacane 50 Asphalt-constructed road

cracked in several places. VII

4. Kabanjahe 135 Asphalt-constructed road

cracked in several places. VII

5. Prapat 203 A strange roaring sound was

heard.
IV

6. Brastagi 127 Walls of a hotel cracked,

some glasses were thrown down

and broken. VI

7. Langkat 90 Walls of a builuing cracked. VI

8. Kuala Lumpur 477 Shock was felt by a few

people. II

48

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Simuk, 16 February 1861

Epicentre: i°S-97.8 0 E
Magnitude: , Depth:
Data source: Earthquakes in the Indonesian
Archipelago 1858-1877

(Translation from German)

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

1. Lagundi 57 The shocks lasted for 3

minutes. A tsunami was

generated and 50 people were

killed. VII

2. Gunung Sitoli 135 Strong quakes were felt. A

tsunami was also generated.

Several houses damaged. VII

3. Batu Island 252 A part of the island sank. VII

4. Simuk 21 Earthquake caused severe

damage 96 out of 120 people's

houses damaged, 675 out of

1045 people killed. VII

5. Tello Island 50 Severe shocks lasted about 5

minutes and weak shocks

lasted for almost a whole

night. Tsunamis were

generated 4 times. VII

49

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Pasaman, 9 M arch 1977

Epicentre: 0.40 N-99.7 0 E

Magnitude: 6.0, Depth: 30 km

Data source: Pusat Meteorologi dan Geofisika:

"Laporan Gempa Bumi Pasaman-Sumatera

Barat tanggal 9 Maret 1977

----------------------------------------------------------------
No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

----------------------------------------------------------------

1. Padang 171 Shocks were felt by almost

everyone. III

2. Padang 125 Shocks were felt by almost

Panjang everyone. III

3. Lubuk 62 Shocks were felt severely; a

Sikaping wooden house slanted. V

4. Panti 39 Strong quakes caused panic.

Light bodies were thrown

down, while heavy bodies were

shifted. VI

5. Talu 31 This region experienced

severe damage. About 50% of

wooden buildings were des­

troyed, some permanent stone

buildings cracked, some brick

buildings even damaged

totally. VII

6. Sinurut 24 Thir region experienced the

severest damage. Almost all

wooden buildings were

shifted, some even up to 50

cm, from their foundations.

Semi-permanent stone houses

mostly tumbled down. VIII

7. Tinggam 15 The earthquake caused ground

fissures 5-75 cm wide and

several hundred kilometres

long. VIII

8. Air Bangis 40 Strong quakes caused people

to panic.
VI

9. Rao 37 Strong quakes caused people

to panic.
VI

50

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Pahae Jae 27 August 1984

Epicentre: 01.5°N-98.9°E

Magnitude: 4.8, Depth: 53 km

Daba source: Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika,

"Laporan Bencana Gempa Bumi,

Gempa Pahae Jae 27 Agustus 1984"

-------------------------------------------- -------------------
No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

-- -------------------------------------------------------------

1. Sarula 34 Four school buildings tumbled

down, one was severely

damaged. A house was shifted

30 cm from its foundations,

ground was cracked. VIII

2. Tarutung 56 Strong quakes were felt. IV

3. Padang 45 Strong quakes were felt. IV

Sidempuan

4. Sibolga 25 Strong quakes were felt. IV

5. Pinang Sori 10 Some houses cracked. V

6. Sipirok 44 Official house of military

district commandant slightly

cracked. V

7. Adian Koting 40 Bottles containing water were

thrown down from tables. IV-V

8. Gunung 148 The shocks were noticeably

Sitoli felt, III

9. Rantau 123 The shocks were noticeably

Parapat felt. III

10. Balige 95 The quakes were felt by

several people. II

51

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Sibolga, 4 February 1971

Epicentre: 0.40 N-98.5 0 E

Magnitude: 6.3, Depth: 33 km

Data source: Meteorological and Geophysical

Institute, "Earthquakes in

Indonesia 1971"

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

1. Pasaman 152 The quakes caused damaged to

brick buildings. VII

2. Natal 75 Brick bui'dings were severely

damaged. IX

3. Pinang Sori 134 The shocks destroyed some

brick houses. VII

4. Sibolga 148 Some stone houses were

damaged, ground was cracked. IX

5. Tarutung 185 Ground was cracked and a hot

water foundation was

generated. VIII

6. Tanjung 315 The shocks were noticeably

Balai felt. III

7. Pematang 287 People fe 1 t noticeable

Siantar quakes. III

8. Singapura 608 The shocks were felt by many

people. II

52

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Bengkulu, 15 December 1979

Epicentre: 03.5 0 S-102.4 0 E

Magnitude: 6.0, Depth: 25 km

Data source: Pusat Meteorologi dan Geofisika,

"Laporan Survay Gempa Bumi tanggal

15 Desember 1979 di daerah Bengkulu"

----------------------------------------------------------------
No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

-----------------------------------------------------------------

1. Kepahiang '25 Most of the platform houses

seriously damaged and thrown

down from their foundations.

Cracks appeared along the

road. Ix

2. Curup 16 Some platform houses broke

their pillars. A concrete

water tower was also broken. VIII

3. Aur Gading 13 Taken from isoseismal maps. VII-VIII

4. Tebatembilang 26 Taken from isoseismal maps. VI

5. Baru Manis 15 Taken from isoseismal maps. VII

6. Gunung Sailan 29 Taken from isoseismal maps. V

7. Rimba 17 Taken from isoseismal maps. V-VI

Pengadang

8. Tesa 25 Taken from isoseismal maps. IV-V

Penanjung

9. Bengkulu 37 Taken from isoseismal maps. IV

10. Muara Aman 45 Taken from isoseismal maps. IV

53

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Sukabumi, 10 February 1982

Epicentre:
06.95°S-106.94 0 E

Magnitude:
5.3, Depth: 10 km

Data source:
Bandan Meteorologi dan Geofisika,

"Laporan Bencana Gempa Bumi, Gempa

Sukabumi (Gandasoli) tanggal

10 Februari 1982"

No. Location x (km)

Reported Effects MMI

1. Nyalindung 9
104 out of 17035 houses were

seriously damaged. VII

2. Sukabumi 8
36 out of 6819 houses were

seriously damaged. VII

3. Cisaat 11
8 out of 3406 houses were

seriously damaged. VI-VII

4. Sukaraja 6
527 out of 34070 houses were

seriously damaged. VII-VIII

5. Ciomas 49
A house was slightly damaged. V-VI

6. Bangung 68
The shocks were noticeably

felt. III

7. Bogor 45
The shocks were noticeably

felt. III

8. Pelabuhan 45
The shocks were noticeably

Ratu
felt. III

54

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Sukabumi, 9 February 1975

Epicentre: 06.7 0 S-106.7 0 E

Magnitude: 5.2, Depth: 27 km

Data source: Pusat Meteorologi dan Geofisika:

"Gempa Bumi di Indonesia 1975"

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
No. Location x (km) Reported Effects
MMI

-- -------------------------------------------------------------
1. Cibadak 37
Strong quakes caused damage

to buildings.
VIII

2. Kelapanunggal 25
Strong quakes caused damage

to buildings.
VIII

3. Parangkuda 31
Strong quakes caused damage

to buildings.
VIII

4. Nograk 36
Strong quakes caused damage

to buildings.
VIII
5. Cisaat 43
Strong quakes
caused land-
slides.
VII
6. Sukabumi 48
Strong quakes
caused land-
slides.
VII
7. Jampang 57
Strong quakes
caused land-
Tengah
slides.
VII
8. Pelabuhan 38
Taken from isoseismal maps. VI

Ratu

9. Bogor 9
Taken from isoseismal maps. VI

10. Bandung 112

The shocks
were
noticeably
felt.
III
11. Lembang il1
The shocks
were
noticeably
felt.
III
12. Jakarta 62
The shocks
were
noticeably
felt.
III

55

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Jogyakarta6 27 September 1937

Epicentre: 08.7 S-110.8 E

Magnitude: 7.2, Depth:

Data source: Earthquakes in the East-Indian Archipelago

Observed and analyzed during the Year 1937

(Translation from Dutch)

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

1. Den Pasar 488 The shocks were felt by many

people. III

2. Mataram 590 The shocks were felt by many

people. III

3. Singaraja 480 The shocks were felt by many

people. III

4. Prambanan 110 526 wooden and stone houses

collapsed. IX

5. Klaten 113 2200 houses were seriously

damaged; about half of them
were poorly designed
structures. IX
6. Semarang 195 The shocks were noticeably

felt by many eople. IV

7. Jogyakarta 110 Several chimneys of sugar

factories were broken and

slanted; houses were

destroyed. IX

8. Cilacap 224 Cracks developed in walls,

roofs were shifted and

slanted. VI

9. Grabag 156 Cracks developed in the

ground, causing sand and mud

to be emitted. VII

10. Rembun 154 Chimneys of sugar factories

swayed strongly.
VI

11. Padokan 104 Cracks developed in walls and

chimneys of sugar factories. VII

12. Kutoardjo 146 90 local people's houses

totally damaged, 210 others

moderately damaged. VIII-IX

56

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

----------------------------------------------------------------
13. Papantayan 360 Stones on the slope of a
mountain fell down.
V-VI

14. Kediri 167 Some buildings collapsed,

wel l-designed structures
cracked. VIII

15. Surabaya 270 The door of an apron cracked

severely. VI-VII

57

 Macroseismic Data

Earthquake of Podjon, 20 October 1958

Epicentre: 09.5 0 S-112.5 0 E

Magnitude: 6.7, Depth: 100 km

Data source: Meteorological and Geophysical Service:

"Earthquakes in Indonesia 1957-1958"

No. Location x (km) Reported Effects MMI

-- -------------------------------------------------------------

1. Malang 170 Brick buildings were severely

damaged. VIII

2. Kediri 197 The quakes caused moderate

damage to buildings. VII

3. Podjon 188 A 1 1 b r i ck bu i I d i ng s
collapsed. IX

4. Dawuhan 144 Al 1 stone buildings were

severely damaged. VIII-IX

5. Semarang 362 The shocks were felt by many

people. IV

6. Sumenep 314 The shocks were felt by many

people. IV

7. Banyuwangi 246 The shocks were felt by many

people. IV

58

 Table 2
Attenuation Function of Intensity for Mediterranean
Earthquakes of Indonesia

---- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. Earthquake Epicentre Magnitude Depth
Attenua- Correlation Data

(R.S) (km) tion rate coefficient Source

---- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Banda Aceh 5.9 0 N-95.7oE
5.2 132 0.006 0.87 GN, no. 3, 1964

2 Apr 1964 Submarine

2. Tapanuli 2.4 0 N-98.8 0 E

6.7 - 0.002 0.76 VPE, 1921

1 Apr 1921 Inland

3. Kotacane 3.8 0 N-97.5 0 E 7.2 ­ 0.003 0.95 VPE, 1036

9 Sept 1936 Inland

4. Simuk 0.1 0 S-97.9 0 E

- - 0.001 0.86
AW, 1861

16 Feb 1861 Submarine

5. Pasaman 0.4 0 N-99.7 0 E

6.0 30 0.007 0.96 BMG-SR, 1977

9 Mar 1977 Inland

6. Pahae Jae 1.5°N-98.9OE

4.8 53 0.006 0.68 BMG-SR, 1984

27 Aug 1984 Submarine

7. Sibolga 0.4 0 N-98.5 0 E 6.3

33 0.003 0.91 BMG-EI, 1971

4 Feb 1971 Submarine

8. Bengkulu 3.5 0 S-i02.4°E

6.0 25 0.021 0.73 BMG-SR, 1980

15 Dec 1979 Inland

9. Sukabmi 6.9°S-106.9°E
5.3 10 0.015 0.87 BMG-SR, 1982

10 Feb 1982

10. Sukabmi 6.7°S-106.7°E 5.2

27 0.010 0.82 BMG-EI, 1975

9 Feb 1975 Inland

11. Jogyakarta 8.7°S-l10.8OE

7.2 - 0.003 0.92 VPE, 1937

27 Sept 1937

12. Podjon 9.5°S-112.5°E 6.7

100 0.88 BMG-EI, 1957-58

20 Oct 1958

----- ----------------------------------
Notes:

1. GN = Geophysical Notes, published by BMG.

2. VPE = Volcanic Phenomena and Earthquakes in the East-Indian Archipelago.

3. AW = Arthur Wichman : Earthquakes in

the Indonesian Archipelago
1858-1877.

4. BMG-SR = BMG's Survey Report.

5.
BMG-EI = BMG's Earthquakes in Indonesia, Annual Report.

 REFERENCES

Bolt, B.A. and N.A. Abrahamson (1982), New Attenuation Relations

for Peak and Expected Accelerations of Strong Ground Motion,

Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 72, 2307-2321.

Campbell, W. (1981), Near-source Attenuation 'r Peak Horizontal

Acceleration, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 71, 2039-2070.

Schnabel, P.B. and H.B. Seed (1973), Accelerations in Rock for

Earthquakes in the Western United States, Bull. Seism. Soc.

Am. 63, 501-516.

60

XI! (MMI)

0 006
8.8 e . x r :-0.87)
XI

VIl
10xV­
1 0
viI 0
VI
I

I I!
0

SI I I I II
0 100 200 300 400 500 kin)
Earthquake of Banda Aceh ,2 April 1964
Epic. 5.9°N -95.7 0 E , M : 5.2, H : 132 km

Fig. I Attenuation Function of Intensity

t
×.I (MMI)
II

:6.31 e" 0' 02

(r -0.76)
15 X-
Ix

VU0

IV

VI

0 0

0 100 200 300 400 00(kin)

Earthquake of Tapanuli , I April 1921

II11
Epic. 2.4°N - 98.86E , M 6.75, H=

Fig. 2 Attenuation Function of Inter', ity

61
 T

xil (MMI)
I
xi -0 003
I 1 :8.8 e (r 0.95)
15x.­

5I I

0 100 200 300 400 500 (km)

Earthquake of Kotacane ,9 September 1936

Epic. 3.8°N - 97.5°E ,M 7.2, H=

Fig. 3 Attenuation Function of Intensity

X11 (MMT)

X -0.001 x
15 1 -7.1 e (r -0.84)

IX
VI 1l 0

1l . 0 0

Iv
VII

IV

5I I III
0 100 200 300 400 50o (km)
Earthquak of Simuk 16 February 1861
0
Epic. O.1°S-97.9 E ,M : ,H :

Fig. 4 Attenuation Function of Intensity

62
 t

X1I(Mml)
X!
0 0

I
15 I 8.2 e"O
'Oo07 (r:-0.96)
Ix

VII 00

VI

IV

0 1go 200 300 400 5o0 (km)

Earthquake of Posaman ,9 March 1977
Epic. 0.4°N -99.79E, M :6.0, H :30km

Fig. 5 Attenuation Function of Intensity

Xi (mmU)
X!

15 ~
I I =5.7e 0.00 (r -0.68)
Ix

VIN

vn!

VII

VI

5 1II
I , I
0 100 200 300 400 oo ( km )
Earthquake of Pahae Jae , 27 August 1984

Epic. 15°N -98.9°E ,M-"4.8,H :53 km

Fig. 6 Attenuation Function of Intensity

63

 1112- 0.003 x(r 09

I

VII 0 0
II
I
51 I I I

0 100 200 300 400 500 (kin)

Earthquake of Sibolga , 4 February 1971
Epic. 0.4 0 N -98.5 0 E , M :6.3,H =33 km

Fig. 7 Attenuation Function of Intensity

XII (MMI)

XI - x
1 9.8 0.021 (r: 0.73)

0
VI 0

V!I
I0
11 00
10 V­
IV

II 0

0100 200 300 400 500 (km)

Earthquake of Bengkulu ,15 December 1979
Epic. 3.5 0 S ­ 102.40 E,M : 6.0, H =25 km

Fig. 8 Attenuation Function of Intensity

64
 t
X V X]MM!)I
11.9 o 0 5 x( r = 0 .9 2 )

IN

VI

Io
10
o
0o
0 0 kn

0 100 200 3o0 400 o(k)

Earthquake of Jogyakarta 27 September 1937

Epic. 8.7 0 S - 110.8 0 E , M :7.2 , H=

Fig. II Attenuation Function of Intensity

xIII (MM
XI
I5 X-

VI
oV
00 0
III
51
II
I
0
5iT
0
o
0 100 200 300 400 o (kin)
Earthquake of Pdjon , 27 October 1958
Epic. 9.50 S ­ 112.5 0 E M =6.7 ,H : 100km

Fig. 12 Attenuation Functionr of Intensity

66

XtI (MMI)
1 :9.8 6o.021 (r:0.73)
15 X

VII
v
A~ 0

0
~ 0
IV

0
51
0 100 200 300 400 500 (km)
Earthquake of Bengkulu ,15 December 1979
Epic. 3.5'S-102.4°E ,M =6.0, H = 25 km

Fig. 9 Attenuation Function of Intensity

xII
-0.015 x
I 7.7 e (r :-0.87)

I I

15

IV
10
Il 0

0 100 200 300 400 5O0 (km)

Earthquake of Su .bumi , 10 February 1982
Epic. 6.95°S - 106.949E ,M : 5.3 , H 10 km

Fig. 10 Attenuation Function of Intensity

65
 NOTE:

A. World Data Center

1. DS/73
Soedarmo, P. Darmoatmod Jo, 1.973.

Focal mechanisms

and earthquake generting

stress
system
in the

Indonesian region. Paper presented

at Sumposium on

Recent Crustal Movement, Bandung.

2. P/72 Fitch, T.J., 1972. Plate

convergence,

transurrent

faults, and
internal deformation
adjacent
to

Southeast
Asia and the Western
Pacific.
J.

Geophys. Res.,
77, 4432-4460.

3. FA/70 Fitch, T.J., 1970.

Earthquake
mechanisms and

island arc tectonics in the

Indonesian-Philippine

region. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,

60,
565-591.

4. FM/70
Fitch, T.J. and P. Molnar, 1970. Focal
mechanisms

along inclined earthquake zones

in
the Indonesian-

Philippine region.
J. Geophys.
Res.,
75, 1431­
1444.

5. JM/72
Johnson, T. and P. Molnar, 1972. Focal
mechanisms

and plate tectonics of the Southwest

Pacific. J.

Geophys. Res.,
77, 5000-5032.

6. 0/1/71 Oike, K.,

1971. On the
nature of the

occurrence
of

intermediate
and deep earthquakes.
1. Bull.

Disaster Prey.
Res. Inst. Kyoto
Univ., 20, 145­
182.

7. 0/3/72 Oike, K., 1971. On the

nature of
the
occurrence of

intermediate
and deep earthquake.
3.
Bull.

Disaster
Prey. Res. Inst. Kyoto
Univ., 21, 153­
178.

8. R/75 Ripper,
I.D., 1975. Some earthquake focal

mechanisms
in
the New Guinea-Solomon

Islands

region, 1969-1971. Rep. Bur. Miner.

Resour. Aust.,

No. 192.

9. SB/74 Sykes,
L.R. and M.L. Sbar, 1974.
Focal mechanism

solutions of
intraplate earthquakes
and stresses

in the lithosphere, in Geodynamics

of Iceland and

the North Atlantic

area, edited by L.

Kristjansson. D.
Reidel Publishing
Company,

Dordrecht-Holland, 207-224.

10. TB/65
Teng, T. and A. Ben-Menahem, 1965.
Mechanism of

deep earthquakes from spectrums of

isolated body

wave signals. J. Geophys. Res.,

70,
5157-5170.

11. WH/67
Wickens, A.U. and J.H. Hodgson, 1967.
Computer re­

67

 evaluation of earthquake mechanism solutions.

Publ. Obs. (Ottawa), 33, No. 1.

B. JK/79 Djoko Santoso, 1979. Focal mechanism of the

Sumbawa Earthquake of August 19, 1977 and tectonic

implication. Individual studies by Participants at

the International Institute of Seismology and

Earthquake Engineering, 15, 33-48.

C. BMG Analysed by BMG, before 1981.

D. BMG Analysed by MBG, on SEASEE project (1982 - June

1983).

E. BMG/84 Analysed by BMG, on SEASEE project (Complement).

68

Number of Focal Mechanism Solutions on Some Data Sources

--------------------------------------------
Data Source Frequency

--------------------------------------------
DS/73
35

F/72
64

F4/70
1

FM/70
25

JM/72
4

0 /71 10

03/71
1

R /75 2
R /56
27

RCB/78
20

SB/74
1

TB/65
1

WH/67
2

BMG
465

BMG/84
234

JK/79 9

--------------------------------------------
Total 901

---------------------------------------------
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

Data Sources

Classification NOE Solution N R SS -_________

Before SEASEE Project On SEASEE Project
Others Solution Others Solution
by BMG by BM1
WDC R/56 RCBI JOKO/79 BMG BMG 84

A. Shallow EQ. 425 458 69 194 195 76 16 7 9 231 94 27

B. Intermediate 352 353 69 153 131 66 4 9 197 76 16
EQ.
C. Deep EQ. 71 76 43 19 14 19 8 2 38 9 1

Note:

NOE = Number of Earthquakes

N = Normal Fault
R = Reverse Fault
SS = Strike-slip Fault
DC= World Data Center

R/56 = Ritsema
RCBI = Richard Cardwell
BMG = Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

Data Sources

Before SEASEE Project On SEASEE Project

Classification NOE Solution N R SS
Others Solution Others Solution
by BMG by BKG
WDC R/56 RCBI JOKO/79 BMG BMG 84

Shallow EQ. 425 458 69 194 195 76 16 7 9 231 94 27

 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

-
------------------------------------------------
Pole of Pole of Axig of Axis of Null
No. Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Tire Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunoe Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1. R/56 1S 08 38 09 30 04.0 03.80S 102.808 64 6.9 330/63 150/27 330/18 150/72 060/00 Reverse - - Ritsera
2. R,'56 20 10 38 02 19 29.0 09.20S 123.00E 64 7.3 264/42 156/19 200/44 305/14 048,'51 Normal - - Ritsema
3. R,56 14 02 52 03 38 15.0 07.70S 126.508 0 7.25 217/03 126/16 173/13 081/B0 38,'77 Strike-slip - - Ritsera
4. Ri56 19 03 52 10 57 09.0 09.50N 126.008 0 7.75 228/37 102/38 165/59 075/01 344"'39 Normal - - Ritsera
5. R/56 13 07 52 17 34 30.0 03.10S 127.408 0 6.75 121/64 253/18 087/25 227.'59 349/27 Reverse - - Ritsera
6. R156 20 01 53 1- 33 07.0 01.50N 126.008 0 065/01 155/01 111/08 019/06 250/81 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
7. R/56 06 04 53 00 36 16.0 07.30S 131.OOE 0 6.1 217/31 112/23 162/40 256/05 350,58 Strike-slip - - Ritsea
8. R,'56 25 06 53 10 44 57.0 08.50S 123.50E 0 7.1 204/03 114/03 069/00 159/04 320/87 Strike-slip - - Ritsena
9. R/56 13 11 53 16 17 05.C 03.50N 096.008 0 018/02 288/01 063/01 333/02 150/88 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
10. R/56 01 12 53 04 2 51.0 02.75S 141.508 0 6.6 040/02 130/01 355/01 085/02 260/89 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
11. R/56 01 01 54 13 04 19.0 09.OOS 123.508 63.7 236/26 327/01 188/17 285/19 059/69 Strikc-slip - - Ritsera
12. R/56 06 06 54 16 50 40.0 03.OOS 135.508 0 6.8 069/88 249/02 069/43 249/47 160/00 Reverse - - Ritsena
13. R/56 03 07 54 22 31 25.0 06.50S 105.508 64 217/66 073/24 217/2! 037/69 127/00 Reverse - - Ritsara
14. R/56 20 09 54 00 39 28.0 01.50S 120.508 0 6.0 254/14 145/52 100/23 217/47
,a 352/45 Reverse - - RitsE
15. R/56 03 10 54 23 21 35.0 01.50S 127.508 0 6.2 201/03 110/10 065/05 155/09 310/82 Strike-slip - - Rtsra
16. R/56 02 1 54 08 24 10.0 08.03S 119.008 0 6.6 182/16 091/03 228/09 135/13 350/77 Strike-slip - - Ri tsra
17. WH/67 07 10 60 15 18 29.0 0?.72S 130.818 16 7.3 149/21 043/25 007/04 274142 102/48 Reverse - - World Data
18. F/72 24 03 63 02 07 08.0 09.07S 120.548 5.5 Centre
118/38 243/37 090/00 180/59 000,'31 Reverse - - World Data
19. F/72 07 04 63 23 36 02.0 04.94S 103.18E 46 5.7 6.5 024/24 Centre
204/66 204/21 024/69 114./00 Reverse - - World Data
20. JMC2/72 13 04 63 14 31 23.0 03.41S 135.68E 44 5.4 6.1 Centre
183/00 000/90 003/45 183/45 000/00 Reverse - - World Data
21. F/72 16 04 63 01 29 22.0 01.07S 128.03E 5.3 6.6 096/02 006/05 Centre
051/04 321/02 204/84 Strike-slip - - World Data
22. F/72 30 04 63 00 58 16.0 01.23S 128.568 32 5.2 6.4 Centre
270/20 015/40 057/13 315/42 136/59 Reverse - - World Data
23. F/72 04 06 63 21 10 38.0 01.14S 127.348 20 5.2 6.1 077/26 Centre
333/29 025/39 294/02 204/53 Strike-slip - - World Data
24. F/72 24 10 63 07 26 29.0 05.07S 102.908 65 5.7 6.4 028/16 208/74 208/29 Centre
028/61 118/00 Reverse - - World Data
25. F/72 06 11 63 02 13 12.0 02.73S 138.308 5.4 6.1 211/16 031/74 Centre
031/29 211/61 120/00 Reverse - - World Data
26. F/72 02 04 64 01 11 48.6 05.75N 095.428 16 5.6 Centre
240/04 331/00 196/03 285/03 060/26 Strike-slip - - World Data
DS/73 02 04 64 01 11 48.6 05.75N 095.428 65 5.6 250/10 158/10 204/14 Centre
294/00 024/74 Strike-slip 0.70 57 World Data
27. DS/73 23 04 64 03 32 51.0 05.42S 133.998 33 6.5 272/21 Centre
021/41 318/46 061/12 162/42 Normal 0.72 71 World Data
28. FM/70 10 06 64 22 15 39.0 05.02N 127.438 23 5.1 148/40 328/50 328/05 148/85 Centre
058/00 Reverse World Data
Centre
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. 1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Ccrnpresion Tension Axis Nurber
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Ramark
DO. Source DY M'NYR HR MNSEC Lat Long kin MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

29. DS/73 12 06 64 10 50 08.3 02.06S 141.10E 23 5.1 340/20 242/20 021/00 291/29 111/61 Reverse 0.88 17 World Data
30. F/72 30 05 64 13 46 19.5 00.50S 122.61E 5.8 060/11 Centre
240/79 060/55 240/35 330/00 Nor--l World Data
DS/73 30 06 64 13 46 18.5 00.50S 122.61E 15 5.8 316/61 136/29 136/29 Centre
316/16 226/00 Normal 0.87 32 World Data
31. DS/73 25 07 64 21 29 35.6 02.BON 128.40E 22 5.3 301/31 051/30 Centre
266/01 357/46 175/44 Reverse 0.83 18 World Data
32. DS/73 04 09 64 10 34 13.1 03.90S 131.49E 33 5.7 287/11 017/01 242/07 Centre
333/00 112/79 Strike-slip 0.77 43 World Data
33. F/72 15 09 64 15 29 38.8 08.90N 093.03E 32 6.3 051/20 168/52 204/17 Centre
088/52 308/34 Reverse - - World Data
34. F/72 11 10 64 21 15 06.2 00.62S 121.68E 45 5.7 053/31 177/42 109/56 Centre
206/06 301/33 Normal - - World Data
DS/73 11 10 64 21 15 06.2 00.62S 121.68E 55 5.7 332/02 Centre
063/21 109/13 015/16 237/69 Strike-slip 0.74 66 World Data
35. F/72 12 10 64 15 42 55.1 03.02N 126.50E 53 5.5 270/18 032/60 070/22 Centre
301/56 172/24 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
DS/73 12 10 64 15 42 55.1 03.02N 126.50E 62 5.5 100/08 003/40 315/21 060/34 199/49 Strike-slip 0.83 42 World Data
36. DS/73 17 10 64 03 17 27.8 00.62N 119.19E Centre
58 5.5 340/80 232/10 030/29 262/47 137/28 Reverse 0.86 44 World Data
37. DS/73 26 10 64 14 22 55.7 02.09N 126.73E 29 5.3 290/00 200/00 245/00 Centre
155/00 000/90 Strike-slip 0.82 30 World Data
38. DS/73 23 11 64 22 15 46.3 00.24S 124.34E 63 Centre
5.5 240/20 132/40 092/12 194/44 350/43 Reverse 0.80 25 World Data
39. F/72 30 11 64 12 27 37.9 06.75N 094.54E 32 5.7 236/00 326/00 191/06 Centre
281/06 000/90 Strike-slip - - World Data
DS/73 30 11 64 12 27 37.9 06.75N 094.54E 24 5.7 271/68 271/10 005/51 223/32 Centre
120/19 Normal 0.86 47 World Data
40. DS/73 15 12 64 05 06 21.9 02.39N 126.66E Centre
35 5.3 299/03 030/06 074/02 344/06 183/83 Strike-slip 0.83 18 World Data
41. F/72 24 01 65 00 11 12.0 02.40S 125.98E 6 6.5 Centre
011/35 237/45 213/07 310/64 1ZO/25 Reverse - - World Data
42. F/72 21 03 65 11 08 16.8 01.47S 126.50E 51 5.9 014/38 242/41 Centre
310/36 215/02 127/28 Strike-slip - - World Data
43. F/72 26 04 65 09 47 27.7 01.70S 126.71E 21 5.5 Centre
068/29 246/61 068/75 246/15 338/01 Normal - - World Data
44. F/72 16 05 65 11 35 52.1 05.26N 125.57E 53 5.6 038/31 268/48 Centre
240/00 349/62 145/26 Reverse - - World Data
45. F/72 23 04 66 00 03 33.0 00.78S 122.22E 45 6.0 023/50 213/40 256/82 Centre
029/05 118/03 Normal - - World Data
46. F/72 18 "08 66 14 34 01.0 00.10S 125.01E 51 5.0 291/20 120/70 Centre
114/24 286/54 023/03 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null

No. Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Cznrpresion Tension Axis Nunber

of Data Data Tine Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B rault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

47. F/72 30 03 67 02 08 02.7 11.14S 115.36E 32 6.0 ]80/36 000/54 180/31 000/09 090/00 Normal - - World Data
Centre
48. F/72 12 04 67 04 51 41.8 05.16N 096.31E 55 6.1 008/62 188/28 003/17 183/73 098/00 Reverse - - World Data
49. Centre
DS/73 21 04 67 08 14 24.5 05.45S 126.77E 25 5.4 260/10 168/10 214/14 304/00 034/76 Strike-slip 0.73 37 World Data
Centre
50. F/72 22 04 67 08 37 25.7 05.56S 126.81E ?2 5.3 122/53 343/30 146/12 026/66 240/21 Reverse - - World Data
51. JM04/72 27 04 67 08 07 50.0 01.85S 138.71E 49 Centre
5.2 202/10 022/80 022/35 202/55 112/00 Reverse - - World Data
52. F/72 02 07 67 07 03 54.0 08.65N 093.59E Centre
30 5.7 351/00 261/15 215/10 307/10 081/76 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
53. F/72 21 08 67 07 33 01.5 05.72N 095.74E 33 6.1 023/12 203/78 203/33 023/57 112/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
54. F/72 12 10 67 18 31 39.0 07.15S 129.83E 45 6.0 240/30 355/36 029/02 296/49 122/41 Reverse - - World Data
55. Centre
F/72 26 10 67 17 22 05.0 00.18S 125.14E 42 341/30 123/60 130/14 329/74 221/40 Reverse - - World Data
56. F/72 26 01 68 Centre
04 45 41.7 08.93S 120.32E 29 5.0 254/14 355/07 210/05 301/14 102/75 Strike-slip - - World Data
57. Centre
F/72 28 05 68 13 27 18.7 02.91S 139.31E 65 6.1 204/40 029/50 026/06 130/84 296/03 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
58. F/72 07 06 68 11 57 29.4 01.38N 126.24E 19 5.9 5.7 333/05 074/34 120/19 020/23 240/55 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
59. F/72 29 07 68 23 52 15.0 00.21S 133.43E 11 6.1 6.0 352/33 222/40 196/01 233/63 106/27 Reverse - - World Data
60. BMG/84 10 08 68 Centre
02 07 00.0 01.38N 126.24E 1 6.3 155/32 335/58 335/13 155/77 245/00 Reverse 0.88 102 BM
61. F/72 10 08 68 05 51 49.0 01.40N 126.27E 30 6.1 082/44 278/44 090/01 350/d2 180/07 Reverse - - World Data
62. F/72 11 08 68 20 00 45.4 Centre
01.56N 126.47E 30 5.7 284/30 094/60 100/14 296/74 191/04 Reverse - - World Data
63. BMG/72 14 08 68 22 14 20.1 Centre
00.06N 119.73E 22 6.1 129/28 237/30 180/43 273/02 005/47 Normal 0.79 7a BIC
64. F/72 17 08 68 04 00 36.5 01.31N 120.35E 30 5.7 101/20 281/70 261/25 101/65 011/00 Reverse - - World Data
65. BMG/72 23 10 68 21 04 42.9 Centre
03.38S 143.29E 21 6.2 074/60 254/30 074/14 254/76 166/00 Reverse 0.86 72 8MG
66. F/72 31 10 68 07 05 31.0 01.20N 126.34E 33 6.1 109/20 289/70 239/25 109/65 019/00 Reverse - - World Data
67. F/72 09 11 68 Centre
20 30 39.0 02.39N 126.90E 30 5.4 258/50 075/40 258/05 075/85 349/00 Reverse - - World Data
68. F/72 25 11 68 18 36 52.3 05.05N 126.77E Centre
30 5.3 068/85 249/05 068/40 249/50 158/00 Reverse - - World Data
69. F/72 25 01 69 05 19 17.1 Centre
00.77N 126.02E 24 5.9 117/34 297/56 297/12 117/78 027/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
of Data
ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Carpresion Tension Axis
Data Tire Epicentre Depth Magnitude Number
Plane Plane P T B Fault Type
EQ. Source DY MNYR HR MN SEC Lat Long Score of Renark
km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend,/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

70. F/72 31 01 69 00 44 15.1 04.13N 128.14E 30 5.5 038/50 232/20 076/17 323/52 173/32 Reverse - - World Data
71. F/72 03 02 69 21 41 43.4 04.31N 127.54E 30 6.1 291/44 053/26 260/10 003/56 162/31 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
72. F/72 17 02 69 00 43 33.0 03.39N 123.40E 14 5.6 Centre
125/60 242/14 082/26 212/53 339/26 Reverse - - World Data
73. F/72 23 02 69 00 37 32.0 03.17S 118.91E 13 5.8 253/68 073/22 253/22 073/68 344/00 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
74. F/72 24 02 69 00 43 60.0 06.23S 131.01E 38 5.6 330/30 239/04 013/19 279/24 143/59 Strike-slip Ce-'tre
- - World Data
75. F/72 05 03 69 13 53 03.0 04.04N 128.11E 30 5.5 039/60 270/20 074/22 302/60 171/22 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
76. JMOI/72 09 03 69 13 47 59.4 04.13S 135.51E 14 5.5 Centre
5.6 046/06 136/00 360/04 090/04 226/84 Strike-slip - - World Data
77. F/72 20 03 69 16 19 57.5 08.69N 127.35E 33 6.1 Centre
109/22 229/51 150/55 264/16 005/31 Normal - - World Data
78. F/72 05 08 69 02 13 08.0 01.25N 126.23E 30 6.1 Centre
225/50 045/40 225/05 043/85 315/00 Reverse - - World Data
Ln 79. F/72 21 11 69 02 05 35.4 01.94N 094.91E 20 6.4 293/04 Centre
202/06 158/01 248/08 356/E3 Strike-slip - - World Data
80. F/72 14 12 69 02 42 10.4 01.99N 126.94E 42 5.0 Centre
080/22 182/05 042/10 136/20 284/67 Strike-slip - - World Data
81. RCBI/78 09 01 70 23 16 20.6 09.27S 117.25E 58 5.7 020/62 237/23 045/21 264/64 140/15 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
82. F/72 27 03 70 18 33 47.2 00.28N 119.37E 8 6.0 046/04 138/08 182/02 092/10 287/81 Strike-slip Centre
- - World Data
83. JM05/78 12 06 70 08 06 16.6 02.83S 139.10E 32 5.7 6.7 6.1 172/36 026/50 007/07 114/71 274/17 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
R61/75 12 06 70 08 06 17.0 02.90S 139.08E 32 5.9 6.7 6.1 053/50 189/31 029/09 141/65 295/22 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
84. F/72 28 06 70 01 30 13.0 08.75S 124.04E 30 6.2 118/70 298/20 118/24 298/66 210/00 Reverse Centre
- - World Data
85. R67/75 08 11 70 22 35 46.4 03.43S 135.65E 33 6.2 7.2 6.8 056/00 146/87 059/45 233/45 326/03 Normal Centre
- World Data
86. R10/75 10 01 71 07 17 03.7 03.13S 139.70E 33 7.3 7.7 8.1 214/24 058/64 042/20 194/58 308/09 Reverse Centre
- - World Daa
87. BMG/84 10 01 71 22 14 36.0 03.30S 139.90E 17 6.2 032/68 228/22 043/23 237/67 136/05 Reverse Centre
88. BMG/84 04 02 71 15 33 29.5 00.53N 098.72E 0.85 34 Brc
40 6.2 114/02 204/00 159/01 069/01 294/88
89. BtC/84 07 04 71 04 59 45.0 02.40N 129.10E Strike-slip 0.86 117 BMS
29 6.3 235/60 055/30 055/75 235/15 145/00
90. BMG/84 04 05 71 02 04 31.0 06.54S 105.37E Normal 0.89 89 BiC
46 5.9 338/33 233/21 018/08 282/41 117/47
91. SB/74 26 06 71 19 27 11.0 Reverse 0.82 100 BMG
05.18S 098.90E 25 5.9 6.3 280/50 116/20 320/15 206/51 062/51 Reverse - - World Data
92. RCBI/78 08 03 72 03 45 25.2 03.74S 131.39Z 28 5.4 5.8 267/05 087/85 087/40 267/5) 267/50 Reverse Centre
- - Richard
Cardwell
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal CoapreSion Tension Axis
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Number
Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR mN SEC Lat of Remark
Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

93. RCBI/78 28 05 72 01 55 21.5 11.05S 116.97E 45 6.3 6.2 193/36 315/36 254/56 164/00 164/00 Reverse - - Richard
94. R MI/78 11 09 72 13 35 48.5 03.29S 130.75E 37 5.5 6.0 238/05 058/85 058/40 238/50 328/00 Reverse Cardwell
- - Richard
95. BlC/84 24 09 72 20 09 36.2 06.22S 131.15E 33 6.0 Cardwell
277/61 148/20 179/59 310/22 049/22 Normal 0.80
96. R I/78 24 09 72 22 05 50.2 06.22S 131.15E 33 61 BMG
5.5 254/08 345/06 300/10 210/02 106/80 Strike-slip - - Richard
97. RCBI/78 05 11 72 00 05 50.2 09.82S 122.17E 45 5.8 Cardwell
5.9 358/25 093/10 313/10 048/26 203/63 Strike-slip - - Richard
98. BW5/84 04 12 72 17 51 17.6 01.52S 136.67E 0 6.1 Cardwell
145/35 257/28 109/05 203/48 014/42 Reverse 0.83
99. Hfl/84 16 03 73 00 51 46.5 02.18N 126.65E 54 BIG
11 5.9 185/30 076/27 219/02 127/45 316/45 Reverse
100. BMG/84 18 03 73 11 06 14.8 02.09N 126.65E 33 0.78 76 BIC
5.9 220/42 010/44 205/00 295/74 116/14 Reverse
101. RCl/78 10 04 73 19 55 55.8 09.81S 119.29E 0.86 81 BMG
55 5.8 254/20 095/68 080/24 244/64 347/07 Reverse - - Richard
102. BMG/84 27 02 74 18 01 49.1 01.27N 097.60E 37 6.0 344/46 130/28 070/72 326/04 234/17 Normal 0.87 Cardwell
103. RCBI/78 06 03 74 l9 29 08.1 06.60S 128.98E 26 5.7 153 BMG
046/06 316/08 001/06 270/06 136/82 Strike-slip - - Richard
104. BMG/84 11 05 74 00 43 45.9 01.87N 126.48E 43 6.1 Cardwell
105. BC/84
106. MG/84 112/30 205/05 063/16 162/25 30/065 Strike-slip 0.81
07 09
09 11 74 20 43
19 10 15.0
55.8 09.80S 108.49E
06.44S 105.38E 60
55 6.0
6.1 190/60
308/60 31 Bst
059/19
165/25 091/60
332/16 219/30
197/65 321/20
067/15 Normal
Reverse 0.80
0.84 65
31 BMG
BW,
107. BMG/84 03 12 74 03 06 35.7 05.04S 129.99E 32 6.0 189/28 097/04 139/22 236/16 359/62 Strike-slip 0.80
108. BMG/84 24 12 74 06 55 47.0 02.30S 099.01E 32 5.9 83 BMG
220/48 040/42 220/03 040/87 310/00 Reverse 0.82
109. EL'/84 05 03 75 00 22 17.0 02.39S 126.15E 81 B1W
7 6.1 332/15 068/20 019/27 111/02 208/64
110. BMG/84 03 03 76 22 50 12.4 Normal 0.88 50 BMG
08.36S 121.46E 50 5.9 039/50 219/40 039/05 219/85
111. BMG/84 15 06 129/00 Reverse 0.80 64 BMG
76 06 09 02.5 00.52N 134.74E 36 5.9 041/22 147/34
112. B.' /84 184/10 089/41 287/46 Reverse 0.80 70 BM
20 06 76 2C 53 09.0 03.40N 096.28E 1 6.3 245/26 120/49 087/12 197/59 350/29 Reverse 0.80 126
113. BMG/84 25 06 76 19 18 57.5 04.58S 140.14E 33 6.3 BMS
074/20 186/20 216/04 123/32 312/56 Strike-slip 0.85
114. BWG/84 26 06 76 10 30 58.6 03.78N 126.81E 80 WC
26 6.0 315/28 216/16 262/31 358/07 099/57
115. BMG/84 14 07 76 07 13 23.7 08.21S 114.87E Strike-slip 0.80 58 BrC
37 6.1 355/37 225/40 200/01 293/62 109/27
116. BMG/84 14 07 76 10 Reverse 0.92 111 i B
23 46.8 08.17S 114.84E 41 5.9 339/40 203/40 180/01
117. BMG/84 29 273/67 092/24 Reverse 0.92 73 BrC
10 76 02 51 07.4 04.54S 139.93E 33 6.0 152/16 256/39
118. BtC/84 198/40 298/13 046/45 Reverse 0.80 61 BI!
29 10 76 03 55 22.0 04.69S 139.30E 10 5.2 233/26 138/10 183/26 276/06 028/62 Normal 0.87 31 BM;
119. BM 05 01 77 03 26 23.7 02.10N 097.18E 52 4.9 270/20 174/16 314/02 222/27 042/02 Strike-slip 0.92
120. BMc 15 03 77 08 54 58.8 04.95S 131.01E 41 5.8 13 Bm
272/35 181/05 322/20 219/29 082/61 Strike-slip 0.94
121. BlG 18 03 77 06 34 17.4 04.66S 103.12E 62 BMG
33 5.0 298/15 038/05 344/06 253/05 136/74 Strike-slip
122. BWG 24 03 77 07 01 58.3 06.76S 129.99E 35 0.84 19 BW1
5.5 280/27 184/20 231/32 316/10 066/70 Strike-slip
123. BW. 03 05 77 07 01 58.3 06.76S 129.99E 1.00 17
45 5.0 290/18 194/18 152/00 241/27 064/64 Strike-slip
124. BMG 09 06 77 03 34 37.0 05.98S 123.64E 42.7 0.87 15 Bw,
5.0 162/62 342/28 342/73 162/17 252/00 Normal
125. B G 29 07 77 21 05 59.5 02.36S 099.98E 0.86 21 B1G
33 5.3 090/14 356/22 044/30 311/05 208/62
126. JOKO 79 19 08 77 05 08 41.0 Strike-slip 0.82 28 BMG
11.19S 118.36E 33 6.1 5.4 316/26 214/24 264/37 356/02 086/54 Strike-slip - - Joko
127. JOKO 79 19 08 77 06 08 55.2 11.10S 118.50E 33 7.0 Santoso
7.9 321/23 216/28 271/36 178/03 084/53 Strike-slip - - Joko
128. JOKO 79 19 08 77 11 33 27.8 11.02S 118.73E 33 5.6 Santoso
339/31 083/24 304/10 083/40 206/53 Strike-slip - - Joko
Santoso
 No. Nst
PoleNodal
of 2nd Nodal
Pole of Canpresion
Axis of Axis of Null
of Data Tension Axis
Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Number
EQ. Source Plane Plane P T B
DY MN YR HR MNSEC Lat Long km Fault Type Score of Renark
MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
129. Bms 19 08 77 13 23 37.0 10.80S 119.17E
130. 33 5.8 204/85 024/40 204/40
am. 19 08 77 20 20 18.6 10.92S 119.15E 024/50 294/00 Reverse 0.80 15
33 5.8 274/18 319/10 319/10 8.1
131. BC 19 08 77 20 51 16.6 11.24S 227L19 067/70 Strike-slip 0.87 23 RIC
118.87E 33 5.3 250/30 205/09
132. JOKO 79 20 08 77 09 21 205/09 303/33 104/55 Strike-slip 0.88
50.3 11.11S 119.13E 33 5.7 5.8 321/24 17 B1
289/64 289/64 154/28 060/20 Normal - - Joko
133. JOKO 79 20 08 77 19 16 32.7 11.04S 119.13E 33 6.0 6.1 326/14 279/28 279/28 014/02 081/58 Strike-slip - - Joko
Santeso
BMG 20 08 77 19 16 32.7 11.04S 119.14E 136 6.0 160/72 340/18 160/27
134. WCt 21 08 77 06 50 33.1 11.16S 118.83E 340/63 250/00 Reverse 0.83 41 81"7
33 5.4 070/00 000/10 315/07
135. 8117 24 08 77 09 42 13.2 11.30S 118.14E 045/07 180/77 Strike-slip 1.00 12 RI.
33 5.6 298/48 175/26 221/56 332/13 080/27 Normal - - Joko
136. .)OKO 79 25 08 77 18 05 09.8 10.78S 119.26E 33 6.1 6.0 325/20 201/64 288/57 Santoso
165/20 066/26 Normal - - .)oko
8117 25 08 77 18 05 10.8 10.74S 119.27E 33 6.1 114/50 215/29 168/36
137. JOKO 79 02 09 77 10 36 27.7 10.97S 119.08E 072/06 332/53 Strike-slip 0.85 65 8117
33 6.0 5.9 336/36 211/40 276/58 182/02 090/25 Normal - - Joko
138. JOKO 79 05 09 77 11 16 59.7 11.13S 118.26E 33 5.7 4.9 339/31 206/48 288/63
-J 179/09 085/24 Normal - - Santoso
Joko
139. BMG 23 09 77 05 57 55.6 11.21S 118.22E Santoso
33 6.0 170/60 320/27 291/69
140. BMG 25 00 77 18 31 39.1 11.32S 117.25E 149/16 057/11 Normal 0.85 65 BIC
33 5.6 100/49 352/22 141/10
141. B1 29 09 77 02 16 48.3 11.43S 118.30E 026/42 239/44 Reverse 0.83 23 BAS
33 5.4 050/26 150/19 101/31
142. BMG 05 10 77 18 04 11.8 11.48S 117.38E 007/05 278/51 Strike-slip 0.88 32 B17
33 5.5 105/16 285/74 105/29
143. MG 08 10 77 01 58 54.2 10.08S 117.19E 285/61 015/29 Normal n.89 37 B1
33 5.4 254/20 158/21 117/02
144. B1 18 10 77 06 07 21.8 02.01S 132.66E 207/29 027/62 Strike-slip 0.82 22 B1
145. BMG 33 5.1 278/22 180/20 229/30
06 11 77 17 17 44.2 00.19N 123.28E 317/02 053/60 Strike-slip 0.91 22
33 5.5 200/13 020/77 020/58 WC1
146. 811 10 11 77 09 13 37.0 200/32 110/00 Reverse 0.91 22 811
09.52S 123.26E 37 5.0 209/42 314/19
147. BMG 14 11 77 16 45 12.6 271/45 166/16 061/48 Normal 0.80
00.52S 098.72E 33 4.8 270/21 008/23 25 B1
148. BM 18 11 77 10 17 41.0 050/00 319/31 140/31 Strike-slip 0-98
04.35S 102.02E 33 5.5 074/20 24 8M1
149. BMG 22 11 77 338/18 028/27 117/03 209/63 Strike-slip
16 46 40.7 06.51S 129.42E 33 5.6 !.00 23 WC
150. BMG 27 11 77 196/85 016/05 016/50 196/40 286/00
09 33 47.1 00.83S 120.60E 65 5.5 Normal 1.00 22 BMG
151. MG 068/12 330/31 022/30 287/14 180/56
03 12 77 13 41 20.9 03.51S 095.89E 41 Strike-slip 0.82 38 RIC
5.8 286/23 188/20 327/02 236/32
152. 811G 21 12 77 18 06 10.6 00.96S 126.77E 052/64 Strike-slip 0.86 55 BM
20 5.4 264/32 160/20 208/39
153. BM 07 01 78 13 44 18.5 04.98S 102.49E 306/10 047/46 Strike-slip 0.93 30 B1
33 5.1 058/23 162/30 203/03 108/39
154. BM 15 01 78 21 50 22.1 07.27S 127.92E 298/51 Strike-slip 0.88 17 BM
34 5.2 115/70 264/18 091/24
155. 8117 20 01 78 21 31 16.7 04.17S 123.36E 50.9 248/64 357/14 Reverse 0.82 18 861r
5.8 146/36 020/39 352/02 085/61
156. BMG 01 02 78 22 50 04.0 01.51N 127.25E 261/32 Reverse 0.94 67 BM
11 5.4 260/16 356/26 041/06
157. BMG 01 02 78 23 41 54.0 04.82S 140.30E 307/30 144/58 Strike-slip 0.94 53 BM
33 5.2 206/60 028/30 206/15
158. BI 15 02 78 07 00 27.1 04.54S 139.31E 028/75 116/00 Reverse 1.00 11 B1G
33 5.6 219/38 346/38 009/01
159. EM17 16 02 78 23 31 15.8 03.39S 129.69E 282/60 104/29 Reverse 1.00 24 BM
33 5.5 343/18 155/72 161/28
160. 8117 18 02 78 03 43 14.2 04.65S 102.94E 52.8 342/60 253/02 Reverse 0.84 25 EMG
5.5 074/17 338/18 023/26 298/01
161. 811 19 02 78 02 53 07.1 02.92N 129.11E 46.3 207/60 Str.ke-slip 0.83 52 BIC
5.1 071/09 173/50 107/43 221/24
162. BM 20 02 78 23 51 48.5 07.04S 128.90E 327/47 Normal 1.00 14 aMG
33 5.6 01/30 339/20 024/35
163. BmG 25 02 78 06 10 35.8 09.66S 117.11E 123/06 218/56 Strike-slip 0.80 34
33 5.6 007/21 113/33 EM11
164. 8117 04 03 78 02 43 59.7 055/40 153/07 246/46 Strike-slip 0.84
07.06S 103.08E 46.4 5.2 250/19 347/22 45 81G
165. BM 10 03 78 13 58 40.5 297/30 029/03 122/60 Strike-slip 0.84
11.13S 119.12E 33 5.3 075/05 343/17 19 8117
298/10 030/17 180/72 Strike-sl'a 0.85 20 8117
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Ccmpresion Tension Axis
of Data Data Tine Epicentre Number
Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B
EQ. Source DY MNYR Fault Type Score of Remark
HR MN SEC Lat Long k3n MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

166. BmG 10 03 78 17 25 30.7 10.92S 119.05E 33 5.3 264/00 345/22 306/14 638/14 174/61 Strike-slip 0.90
167. BMG 11 03 78 04 18 03.6 01.75N 126.01E 63 5.7 20 BC
058/25 320/17 103/15 008/29 192/57 Stiike-slip 0.88
168. BMG 11 03 78 11 54 42.1 10.86S 119.11E 33 72 B:C
5.5 280/20 020/28 063/28 328/33 154/60 Strike-slip
169. BmG 26 03 78 06 50 28.6 04.74N 125.42E 50.3 0.80 20 BWG
5.2 015/20 118/30 066/34 159/06 261/50 Strike-slip
170. BMG 26 03 78 07 21 17.8 04.75N 125.42E 28.4 0.90 25 BtG
5.0 112/28 010,'21 059/35 153/06 247/52 Strike-slip
171. pm 03 04 78 12 09 46.7 04.95S 133.92E 33 0.88 20 BWG
5.3 257/20 357/30 305/34 038/16 136/55 Strike-slip
172. ..G 07 04 78 14 15 20.2 06.46S 131.21E 0.93 14 B."G
33 5.1 110/50 290/40 110/15 290/85 020/00
173. BWG 07 04 78 22 48 07.6 Reverse 0.83 12 9MG
03.24N 096.47E 22 5.3 335/23 226/40 187/12
174. BIG 293/55 088/42 Reverse 0.88 24 &.G
11 04 78 10 27 04.8 11.84S 116.86E 33 5.1 086/00
175. EMG 356/34 305/24 046/21 176/67 Strike-slip 0.88 8
18 04 78 17 57 26.2 03.79S 128.44E 40.2 5.5 BIG
096/17 035/32 079/09 340/35 179/56 Strike-slip 0.81
176. BMG 25 04 78 00 34 15.1 06.41N 123.98E 33 5.4 47 BMG
281/21 101/69 101/25 281/65 010/00 Reverse 0.90
177. BMG 25 04 78 04 24 53.7 04.7N 124.59E 42.9 5.9 50 BMG
345/20 230/50 302/51 191/17 088/34 Reverse 0.83
178. BIG 29 04 78 02 26 48.8 05.85S 103.97E 5U 5.8 64 BMG
013/10 110/30 059/28 155/12 268/59 Strike-slip 0.84
179. BMG 03 05 78 02 29 54.8 03.57N 127.25E 42.6 86 BIG
5.1 317/20 052/14 274/06 004/22 183/63 Strike-slip
180. WG 04 05 78 18 11 43.3 10.24S 117.02E 35.3 0.87 38 BIG
5.5 337/20 075/20 026/29 116/00 206/60 Strike-slip
181. BMG 05 05 78 10 39 44.0 00.80N 126.15E 47.1 0.89 35 BIG
5.2 314/30 224/00 267/12 360/15 134/70 Strike-slip
182. BMG 25 05 78 01 50 58.8 03.25S 102.79E 33 0.90 15 BWG
5.1 040/10 138/39 186/20 083/35 298/48 Strike-slip
183. LG 11 06 78 16 02 18.' 00.17N 126.61E 65 0.92 13 BIG
5.2 270/12 170/39 124/18 227/37 014/48 Strike-slip
184. BMG 15 06 78 20 38 18.± 02.93S 127.37E 53.3 0.88 16 BIG
5.2 028/11 292/30 248/12 342/30 135/58 Strike-slip
185. BMG 22 06 78 06 37 51.- 08.51N 126.63E 59.3 0.83 18 BIG
5.5 162/26 342/54 342/08 162/82 252/00 Reverse
186. BG 24 05 78 09 35 17.9 05.03S 102.372 0.86 42 BIG
33 5.8 111/10 020/10 065/12 335/02 248/76
187. BMG 24 0( 78 11 01 37.2 Strike-slip 1.00 10 BIG
05.08S 102.28E 33 5.6 049/30 300/30 086/00 354/45
188. BMG 25 06 78 06 05 57.2 175/46 Reverse 0.92 38 BG
05.15S 102.28E 33 5.1 000/32 110/32 146/00 055/48
189. BMG 02 07 78 236/43 Reverse 0.86 21 BMG
13 24 33.9 06.18S 103.91E 56 5.3 026/10 355/30
190. BMG 040/13 305/27 155/58 Strike-slip 0.85 27 BIG
03 07 78 06 18 29.8 00.84S 098.08E 33 5.3 053/38 298/20 087/14 341/51 193/38 Reverse 0.89 9
191. BMG 08 07 78 03 06 47.7 00.56N 126.19E 41 5.3 BIG
261/25 148/43 111/11 210/47 010/40 Reverse 0.94
192. BMG 10 07 78 09 22 09.9 02.818 126.60E 78 &MG
33 5.2 244/08 334/16 289/20 019/05 118/75
193. BIG 14 07 78 06 13 43.2 Strike-slip 0.84 25 BMG
00.84N 126.03E 62.4 5.1 245/10 148/22 102/14
194. BMG 19 07 78 201/32 351/58 Strike-slip 0.80 15 BIG
15 25 12.2 01,89S 126.90E 33 5.0 203/20 300/22
195. BMG 252/30 341/03 070/61 Strike-slip 1.00 9 BIG
26 07 78 20 58 23.3 08.14S 117.73E 33 5.4 245/20 342/23 025/03 293/28 117/59 Strike-slip 0.89 19
196. BtG 03 08 78 15 15 51.2 00.42S 097.03E 33 5.2 BMG
038/08 307/02 352/08 084/04 202/82 Strike-slip 1.00
197. BIG 14 08 78 00 42 44.8 05.52N 094.69E 55 5.1 25 BMG
270/18 016/40 058/15 315/41 162/45 Reverse 1.00
198. BIG 15 08 78 20 57 29.6 05.49S 131.11E 33 5.1 16 EMG
294/10 025/04 250/05 339/10 134/80 Strike-slip 0.93
199. BMG 08 09 78 12 28 37.7 03.95N 126.45E 46.4 5.4 15 BtG
164/33 270/26 126/05 220/42 029/48 Reverse 0.82
200. BMG 21 09 78 06 27 17.6 06.67S 105.57E 63 5.5 50 BMG
254/10 074/80 074/35 254/55 164/00 Reverse 0.83
201. BIG 26 09 78 06 07 44.1 01.15N 120.29E 33 5.7 30 BIG
102/28 004/13 146/11 050/29 256/56 Strike-slip 0.88
202. BMG 06 10 78 01 49 09.0 10.21S 118.99E 35.9 5.3 51 BIG
205/20 025/70 025/24 205/66 115/00 Reverse 0.89
203. BMG 26 10 78 09 14 51.0 08.18N 125.84E 42.2 5.3 19 BM
350/39 256/09 301/22 034/06 142/68 Strike-slip 0.95
204. BMG 30 10 78 13 43 14.6 08.05N 122.26E 20 BM
33 5.7 212/10 116/39 168/26 072/13 318/60
205. BMG 16 11 78 10 45 08.8 08.03N 126.59E 55.7 Strike-slip 1.00 16 BMG
5.4 290/40 110/50 110/15 290/85 020/00 Reverse
206. BMG 16 11 78 16 47 35.5 0.90 50 BMG
03.14S 135.13E 33 5.4 280/43 160/37 130/04
207. BMG 21 11 78 224/54 037/36 Reverse 0.80 44 BIG
17 28 29.2 00.07S 125.68E 43.4 5.1 114/26 221/27
208. BMG 166/39 077/00 350/47 Strike-slip 0.90 20 BIG
22 11 78 00 07 36.1 01.59N 126.43E 49.6 5.4 267/10 000/16 045/03 312/19 148/72 Strike-slip 0.89 36
209. BMG 25 11 78 05 22 45.5 05.21S 125.46E 35.2 5.3 BtG
336/25 242/10 021/09 286/26 130/62 Strike-slip 0.94
210. BM 01 12 78 17 10 29.5 08.66N 122.21E 18 BMG
40 5.8 195/22 096/20 236/02 145/31 328/26 Strike-slip 0.90 72 EIG
 No. Sst Nodal
Pole of 2nd
Pole of Ccmpresio,
Nodal Axis of Ax:s of Null
:'ericrn Axis
of Data Data rim Epicentre Depth Number
Magnitude Plane Plane P I
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR M SEC Lat B Fault Type Score of Reark
Long km MB ML MS Trend/ TrerT- Trend/ Tzend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge lurye PI,.w flunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

211. B I 02 12 78 18 07 16.2 09.94N 126.32E 57.7 5.3 220/36 350/26 277/47 145/05
212. BMG 20 12 78 13 02 30.8 OS.59S 105.34E 50.6 096/44 Nomnal 0.80 20 BMG
5.3 34.'20 244/30 203/07 297/35 105/53
213. BMG 08 01 79 07 27 04.8 04.17S 135.99E Strike-slip 0.85 39 BSG
33 5.5 21t/10 038/80 038/35 218/55
214. BMG 30 01 79 17 04 15.7 02.83S 136.19E 46.0 128/00 Reverse 0.82 33 B14
5.4 222/20 118/30 172/36 078/05 340/54
215. BMG 02 02 79 11 54 57.0 06.43N 124.27E 49.4 Strike-slip 1.00 18 BMG
5.1 207/30 117/00 158/19 256/19 027/59
216. EM 18 02 79 02 42 34.6 06.83S 116.13E Strike-slip 0.94 18 BWG
33 5.5 160/40 340/50 340/05 160/85
217. BMG 19 02 79 00 35 46.3 05.68N 123.69E 61.3 070/00 Reverse 0.84 44 BMG
5.5 344/33 228/38 196/02 290/54 101/35
218. BMG 25 02 79 04 38 07.3 06.11S 131.56E 52.8 Reverse 0.87 53 BMG
5.2 330/50 150/40 150/85 330/05
219, BM 08 03 79 14 49 52.8 01.03N 120.40E 28.2 060/00 Normal 0.91 23 BMG
6.0 008/10 107/41 154/20 050/36
220. BiG 18 03 79 16 44 15.0 08.25S 125.24E 268/44 Strike-slip 0.88 104 B.3
33 5.2 212,"10 310/3/ 357/iS 255/34
221. BMG 30 03 79 22 15 33.2 110/51 Strike-slip 0.96 26 BMG
04.16S 131.45E 33 5.6 057/10 188/60
222. BrG 01 04 79 13 13 24.9 ?11/23 089/59 319/21 Rever-e 0.92 63
07.27N 123.27E 39.8 5.4 011/16 103/03 BWG
223. BMG 20 04 79 '5/05 059/16 206/72 Strike-slip 0.88 32
01 15 11.4 11.23S 118.38E 33 5.3 162/40 BM
224. BMG 01 05 79 342/50 -u2/81 3471 082/00 Normal 0.96
10 47 01.9 09.45N 125.04E 42.2 5.3 307/18 22 BMG
225. BWG 038/01 2M2/10 354/--: 134/71 Strike-slip 0.96
02 05 79 12 44 06.0 01.34N 123.35E 33 5.3 26 BMG
226. arG 356/19 262/08 041/07 207/19 150/67 Strike-slip
08 05 79 01 19 43.9 00.38S 098.25E 34.7 5.4 1.00 27 B."G
320/49 221/09 009/23 259/41 123/37 Strike-slip
227. B G 18 05 79 23 22 25.2 00.68N 126.OOE 0.98 47 MG
33 6.1 282/00 012/34 063/21 320/24
228. BEG 24 05 79 13 35 51.5 192/55 Strike-slip 0.81 79 EG
00.79N 126.04E 52.5 5.5 042/20 144/29 090/36 185/16 284/52 Strike-slip 0.90 42
229. BMG 28 05 79 19 02 22.7 01.93S 100.39E 50 BMS
230. B G 30 05 79 5.1 000/20 094/10 048/20 315/07 207/67
09 38 52.9 08.21S 115.39E 25 6.1 320/31 Strike-slip 1.00 12 EMG
231. BMG 085/40 115/04 018/56 208/30 Reverse 0.88
11 06 79 02 33 52.7 03.09S 134.64E 33 5.3 113 BiG
232. BMG 125/10 224/40 272/18 168/36 023/48 Strike-slip
13 06 7) 01 24 32.5 00.93S 097.28E 36 5.3 0.82 22 ELG
078/40 196/29 143/54 045/04 310/35 Normal
233. BmG 16 06 79 17 42 39.1 04.93S 131.86E 50.5 0.93 69 EG
5.2 028/11 127/39 071/36 174/17
234. BMG 17 06 79 14 56 46.2 06.28S 100.55E 287/48 St:ike-slip 0.85 40 BIG
33 5.4 113/20 293/70 113/65 293/25
235. B G 21 06 79 09 45 15.0 08.45S 115.90E 024/00 Normal 0.92 48 BTG
33 5.1 099/29 191/09 050/11 150/28
236. BMG 30 06 79 01 10 04.4 02.17S 138.84E 36.6 301/58 Strike-slip L288 17 EMG
5.3 222/33 334/29 187/02 287/48 096/42
237. BC 08 07 79 02 24 11.5 07.36N 124.23E 43.9 Reverse 0.88 25 BMG
5.1 255/18 160/08 299/04 206/20
238. B G 17 07 79 16 01 15.1 04.43S 098.76E 047/67 Strike-slip 0.81 27 B'G
31 5.7 303/53 134/32 311/05 170/81
239. BMG 17 07 79 17 46 37.4 04.46S 098.73E 042/05 Reverse 0.93 120 B.'G
33 5.0 260/65 080/25 260/19 080/71
240. BMG 23 07 79 05 52 52.3 170/00 Reverse 0.82 22 BMG
02.57S 140.35E 15.0 5.3 106/22 010/12
241. B G 24 07 79 19 31 19.8 148/03 057/26 253/37 Strike-slip 0.86 36
11.15S 107.71E 31.0 6.3 247/00 337/00 EMG
242. BMG 27 07 79 292/00 202/00 999/00 Strike-slip 0.88 156
23 53 24.8 03.60S 131.33E 33.0 5.1 332/38 BWG
243. B G 28 07 79 200/39 266/64 356/00 087/24 Normal 0.89
04 46 34.0 03.64S 131.33E 33.0 5.1 288/13 27 BiMG
244. EiG 020/08 143/01 333/17 142/72 Strike-slip 0.83
02 08 79 22 11 02.9 10.22S 117.78E 33.0 5.0 24 11G
220/04 122/56 068/31 190/39 312/31 Strike-slip
245. BIG 13 08 79 23 58 39.0 05.57S 130.71E 52.0 0.89 18 BIG
5.4 262/29 020/39 054/03 315/55
246. BMG 24 08 79 02 13 48.5 01.33N 122.76E 44.4 147/35 Reverse 1.00 37 B.G
5.2 194/60 339/24 306/65 166/17
247. BMG 12 09 79 05 17 51.4 01.68S 136.04E 05.0 076/13 Normal 0.84 19 BIG
6.3 225/10 130/26 085/11 180/24 332/53
248. BMG 13 09 79 06 41 20.8 01.03S 136.53E Strike-slip 0.81 150 BmG
33 5.6 093/04 001/28 314/15 052/24
249. BM 13 09 79 09 00 12.3 01.15S 136.56E 187/59 Strike-slip 0.95 21 B.'G
33 5.1 129/32 240/30 274/00 183/45
250. BMG 26 09 79 03 08 17.5 01.40N 126.26E 63.5 004/42 Reverse 0.88 17 BiG
5.3 236/10 141/19 097/05 190/21 348/67
251. BMG 05 10 79 01 02 56.9 09.79N 126.2,9E 52.8 Strike-slip 0.83 30 BIG
5.3 318/40 210/20 358/13 257/42
52. BMG 10 10 79 13 39 14.0 07.21S 106.03E 100/43 Reverse 0.81 37 BMG
33 5.9 118/39 225/20 077/10 177/44
253. BiG 16 10 79 10 04 27.8 01.15S 136.42t 335/44 Reverse 0.97 102 BIG
33 5.5 332/40 152/50 152/05 332/85
254. BMG 17 10 79 23 29 26.4 01.16S 136.59E 062/00 Reverse 0.92 26 BIG
33 6.0 342/19 251/04 029/10 295/17
255. BMG 18 10 79 00 57 21.8 152/70 Strie-slip 0.80 52 BIG
01.18S 136.51E 33 5.4 215/21 035/12 035/25 215/65 125/00 Reverse 0.80 15 BG
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Czapresion Tension
of Data Data Time Axis Number
Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T
EQ. Source DY MN YR B Fault Type Score of Remark
HR MNSEC Lat Long kIm MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plune
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

256. BMG 19 10 79 02 38 22.2 00.52N 126.58E 51.1 5.6 246/27 342/12 201/10 296/28 088/58 Strike-slip 0.91 56
257. 8MG 20 10 79 01 41 10.4 08.25S 115.85E B1
38 6.0 049/25 294/38 259/06 357/49 161/40 Reverse
258. BMG 22 10 79 05 58 48.7 00.67S 125.92E 0.91 93 BC
33 6.2 264/14 110/71 089/27 252/60 354/06 Reverse
259. BM1 28 10 79 23 54 51.7 00.75S 126.07E 49.1 0.84 109 am.,
5.3 292/39 158/40 136/00 228/64 045/24 Reverse
260. BMG 31 10 79 C9 58 49.8 01.20S 136.60E 0.95 22 843
33 5.3 239/39 000/30 209/02 304/57 114/33 Reverse
261. BG 03 11 79 22 17 37.2 04.26S 129.65E 1.00 12 BMG
33 5.7 022/01 114/42 060/31 166/25 289/46 Strike-slip
262. BMG 13 11 79 19 05 02.5 0.87 60 B1
04.47S 102.01E 47 5.8 214/10 034/80 034/35 214/55
263. B1 16 11 79 124/00 Reverse 0.84 76 B1
18 10 48.5 01.92S 134.17E 33 5.8 180/50 048/28 100/63
264. BIC 210/09 302/24 Normal 0.85 52 BM
07 12 79 16 12 44.0 05.09S 129.81E 33 5.5 348/20 168/70 168/25 348/65 078/00 Reverse 0.83 24 B1G
265. 811 14 12 79 11 08 26.2 03.09N 127.09E 56 5.3 280/46 138/38 300/05 197/69 032/20 Reverse 0.91 34
266. 81 15 12 79 00 02 41.6 03.29S 102.71E &K,
33 5.8 016/30 134/39 342/03 082/54 050/36 Reverse
267. 81 17 12 79 19 58 23.8 08.39S i15.89i; 33 0.80 50 8MG
5.6 232/45 358/29 201/08 306/58 107/30 Reverse
268. 81G 18 12 79 19 24 04.5 03.22S 102.24E 0.85 52 811
33 5.0 054/75 234/15 054/30 234/60 144/00 Reverse
269. BMG 22 12 79 02 29 02.2 07.75N 122.14E 44.3 0.80 20 811
5.2 308/20 128/70 128/24 308/66 038/00 Reverse
270. BG 22 12 79 22 01 04.1 06.05S 105.01E 63.9 0.86 28 B1
5.3 029/34 160/44 186/05 087/63 279/27 Reverse
271. BMG 23 12 79 08 33 59.1 0.89 28 B1
03.50N 126.84E 33 5.8 250/70 056/19 240/24 050/65
272. -M.- 01 01 80 19 19 05.9 147/04 Reverse 0.83 70 B1
03.49N 126.72E 54.2 5.0 260/20 354/10 216/08 308/20
273. WC1 11 01 80 12 39 42.6 105/68 Strike-slip 1.00 12 811
03.64N 128.26E 56.4 5.0 277/34 152/40 1. 4 220/59
274. BMG 13 01 80 031/30 Reverse i.00 13 B1
15 26 49.0 00.36N 129.89E 33 5.0 170/40 305/40 328/00
275. BG 238/65 059/25 Reverse 0.92 12 &1C
21 01 80 16 29 20.9 08.44S 116.09E 33 5.2 102/25 196/06
276. 8MG 152/23 056/11 297/64 Strike-slip 0.88 17 BM
28 01 80 10 23 56.4 03.75N 128.48E 53.5 5.0 051/19 231/71
277. 8MG 231/26 051/64 141/00 Reverse 0.85 13 811
29 01 80 07 04 40.0 02.44N 128.11E 47.2 5.6 010/40 254/29 306/53 090/13 140/36 Normal 0.85 41 BM
278. EM 03 02 80 03 56 00.6 01.70N 126.33E 44.6 5.0 170/30 350/60 170/75 350/15 080/00 Normal 1.00
279. 8MG 07 02 80 08 25 01.0 11.23S 118.77E 13 E81
33 5.1 106/50 286/40 286/85 106/05 016/00 Normal
280. BMG 22 02 80 03 51 45.0 01.61S 124.93E 26.1 0.88 17 BM
5.3 076/20 168/05 030/07 124/19 270/70 Strike-slip
281. 811 04 03 80 14 17 31.3 0.82 22 B1
08.24S 116.35E 33 5.1 160/15 340/75 160/60 340/30
282. BC 08 03 80 070/00 Normal 0.80 25 B1
07 44 34.0 09.77S 119.03E 35.5 5.3 056/44 296/28 346/56
283. B3 089/07 186/33 Normal 0.90 20 BMG
14 03 80 21 29 22.8 06.84S 130.27E 41.7 5.2 042/20 294/41 253/12 356/46 151/42 Reverse 0.88 24 BM
284. 8M1 16 03 80 10 33 09.4 03.06N 126.94E 45 5.6 030/50 340/16 300/48 186/20 082/3L Normal 0.88
285. PIC 18 03 80 00 43 29.7 04.29S 102.05E 47 5.4 43 811
060/30 290/48 263/10 011/62 167/27 Reverse 0.82
286. 8MG 20 03 80 19 50 22.4 07.04S 106.17E 28 BG
33 5.3 024/50 259/25 057/12 304/58 154/28 Reverse
287. 81G 24 03 80 07 09 37.4 00.35S 124.98E 0.89 19 BG
60 5.0 069/10 330/40 283/20 027/36 171/48 Strike-slip
288. BM 31 03 80 13 14 46.6 08.89S 112.97E 0.83 12 B3
49 5.2 132/38 230/10 087/18 191/34 333/50 Strike-slip
289. B11 01 04 80 16 21 48.4 0.82 11 BM
04.03N 097.55E 41 5.6 270/22 161/40 122/12 223/46
290. BMG 03 04 80 10 18 21.0 022/42 Reverse 0.81 48 B1
05.59S 103.17E 33 5.7 034/20 131/19 083/30 352/00
291. 81G 08 04 80 09 30 33.8 262/61 Strike-slip 0.84 62 BM1
01.75S 100.57E 65 5.1 173/60 353/30 173/15 353/75
292. WC1 27 05 80 04 31 08.6 083/00 Reverse 0.90 30 8113
03.30S 138.36E 33 5.3 308/42 180/35 334/03 238/61
293. 8B1 13 06 80 067/30 Reverse 0.90 21 BIC
02 17 45.5 09.46N 126.55E 31 5.3 234/20 350/50 029/16 277/50 130/33 Reverse 0.94 17 BM
294. BMG 18 06 80 23 50 43.8 09.33N 126.79E 52.9 5.2 322/20 225/20 274/30 184/00 092/61 Strike-slip 0.94
295. Bt3 19 06 80 14 14 52.1 09.35N 126.55E 36 16 81G
5.5 192/27 096/10 236/11 140/27 350/57 Strike-slip
296. 811 20 06 80 18 51 31.4 10.96S 119.10E 0.88 26 811
33 5.6 355/30 130/47 048/64 156/10 252/23 Normal
297. 8MG 21 06 80 02 21 59.2 C0.90N !26.83E 50.7 0.90 47 811
5.1 064/50 244/40 064/85 244/85 344/00 Reverse
298. 81G 23 06 80 13 46 14.4 09.36N 126.56E 53.3 1.00 10 811
5.1 194/34 090/20 138/38 236/10 337/47 Strike-slip
299. BMG 24 06 80 06 27 52.4 05.98S 105.96E 0.94 16 BMG
33 5.2 065/22 326/22 015/30 285/00 200/68 Strike-slip
300. BM 17 07 80 00 39 00.9 1.00 12 B1
04.95S 103.10E 59 5.4 052/30 163/30 018/00 107/46 288/45 Reverse 0.93 14 811
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. 1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension
of Data Axis Number
Data Tire Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Ranark
DD. Source DY MN YR HR MN SE Lat Long krn MB ML MS Trer.c/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

301. BMG 23 07 80 21 15 15.4 02.79S 101.20E 54.5 5.5 037/38 277/33 067/03 330,'57 160/35 Reverse 0.88 51 BMG
302. Bm:' 17 08 80 09 01 55.7 03.77S 128.24E 24.4 5.4 166/00 256/23 209/15 303/16 076/73 Strike-slip 0.83 30 BrS
303. BmS 19 08 80 21 01 26.0 03.58S 140.04E 33 5.8 009/00 099/37 047/25 151/25 279/53 Strike-slip 0.87 38 BM
304. &BYS 22 08 80 13 08 51.3 04.99S 1(,3.06E 50 5.1 044/65 188/20 020,'23 166/64 283/13 Reverse 0.96 25 BMG
305. R"G 28 08 80 03 11 40.6 10.63S 1'6.66E 39.6 5.2 018/20 258/54 220/20 340/55 120/29 Reverse 0.92 13 BM
306. BMG 16 09 80 15 23 45.6 03.90N 095.61E 40 5.2 186/28 056/48 027/09 132/61 261/26 Reverse 0.91 34 BMG
307. WC 20 09 80 17 44 24.8 05.12S 102.41E 20 5.5 116/25 022/10 066/25 161/10 272/62 Strike-slip 0.94 31 BMG
308. BMG 26 09 80 02 56 10.5 11.37S 118.26E 33 5.2 240/10 138/50 204/40 091/25 337/38 Strike-slip 1.00 12 B15
309. B."S 05 10 80 17 18 41.1 11.38S 114.57E 33 5.7 348/41 090/14 048/38 302'17 195/46 Strike-slip 0.87 53 BMS
310. BtC 30 11 80 02 44 55.2 05.45S 102.95E 57.7 5.4 194/20 089/44 048/08 146/38 308/49 Strike-slip 0.91 35 BS
311. BmG 20 12 80 14 50 32.4 00.99S 138.56E 33 5.5 290/32 042/28 254/05 348/49 163/47 Reverse 0.90 30 BS
312. 815 24 12 80 23 55 06.4 08.95S 112.04E 63 5.6 139/20 044/13 091/25 183/04 282/65 Strike-slip 0.95 38 BM
313. BMG 01 01 81 12 44 07.3 07.78S 126.31E 23 5.2 075/29 325/31 110/00 020/44 200/96 Reverse 1.0 9 BM'
314. RIC 19 r! 82 15 11 01.0 04.58S 139.25E 33 6.0 030/18 210/72 210/27 030/63 300/00 Reverse 0.88 41 B'
315. BMG 19 Ul 81 1 14 00.4 04.70S :29.40E 33 5.4 136/50 252/20 097/16 210/51 355/32 Reverse 0.95 19 BMG
316. B'G 19 01 81 17 08 0?.6 04.73S 139.41E 33 5.4 100/00 010/00 055/00 145/00 999/90 Strike-slip 1.00 12 BM
317. MG 20 01 81 07 18 25.? 04.59E 139.34E 33 5.1 288/29 169/40 136/08 236/52 042/35 Reverse 0.94 18 EM.-
318. a1' 01 02 81 04 35 25.8 11.14S 117.31E 33 5.6 123/30 003/40 070/55 330/04 238/36 Normal 0.94 62 W.-
319. RIC 05 02 81 20 26 31.6 11.47S 116.86E 33 5.2 066/24 296/48
320. &MG 020/54 272/12 163/32 Normal 0.91 29 BM
13 02 81 19 09 28.2 04.57N 139.36E 33 5.1 244/30 353/30 300/45 210/00 119/45 Normal 0.90 20 BM
321. BMG 19 02 81 11 45 36.1 05.68S 129.98E 53 5.3 267/29 015/30 232/00 321/45 143/46 Reverse 0.96 28 a1S
322. Bi' 01 03 81 23 58 08.1 09.46S 107.75E 33 5.0 137/30 047/00 088/19 188/21 317/60 Strike-slip 0.93 15 BM1'
323. £MG 13 08 81 23 22 35.7 08.76S 110.43E 51 5.6 346/30 096/29 C42/46 312/01 209/52 Normal 0.87 23 EMi
324. B1G 16 03 81 17 55 28.2 01.98N 129.49E 33.5 5.4 246/29 117/48 198/60 087/10 352/27 Normal 0.94 31 8MC
325. 81rS 20 03 81 23 31 43.2 00.45N 126.18E 33.6 5.2 100/70 280/30 100/65 280/25 010/00 Normal 0.93 27 BM
326. RK' 26 03 81 21 30 04.7 03.41N 127.99E 60.5 6.1 350/20 170/70 170/25 350/65 080/00 Reverse 0.83 83 BM
327. 81' 01 04 81 21 49 04.2 09.66S 118.96E 25.2 5.5 251/28 146/28 199/39 108/00 019/49 Strike-slip 0.86 47 BMG
328. BMG 13 04 81 16 38 59.2 01.07S 136.52E 21.3 5.4 012/05 279/40 333/31 228/23 107/49 Strike-slip 0.84 38 BM
329. BMG 27 04 81 05 53 30.9 06.90S 102.66E 33 5.0 069/00 159/10 113/07 205/07 338/80 Strike-slip 0.93 27 8MG
330. 8M1' 03 05 81 08 48 57.2 04.76S 102.29E 33 5.2 038/55 259/28 064/13 300/66 159/18 Reverse 0.90 29 BM
331. 81'G 05 05 81 15 18 26.6 03.49S 099.62E 31 5.2 039/30 296/20 080/05 324/37 180/52 Strike-slip 0.91 21 BM
332. BM.' 25 05 81 16 27 49.6 01.98N 129.39E 28 5.4 083/42 083/42 143/36 036/20 282/46 Strike-slip 0.97 33 B1
333. BG 11 06 81 18 43 41.6 06.95S 123.22E 48.5 5.1 127/64 350/20 157/25 015/61 253/16 Reverse 0.90 31 BM
334. BMS 18 06 81 20 44 58.9 06.68S 102.78E 33 5.1 010/10 274/30 329/36 229/12 116/58 Strike-slip 0.90 21 815
335. MG 27 06 81 19 51 59.5 00.02N 126.77E 52.7 5.2 252/10 072/80 072/35 252/55 162/00 Reverse 0.95 32 BM
336. 81'S 03 08 81 17 21 32.9 04.71S 103.23E 51.9 5.0 049/12 150/20 193/03 101/26 295/68 Strike-slip 0.84 9 EM
337. EM' 11 08 81 20 16 59.1 04.71S 139.40E 27.6 5.2 211/16 311/32 257/36 354/10 099/53 Strike-slip 1.OC 17 8MG
338. BM 14 08 81 06 24 42.9 02.45N 127.04E 38.2 5.5 296/40 060/32 266/05 003/58 175/32 Reverse 0.88 25 B'
339. 81' 18 08 81 03 12 52.6 04.04S 127.33E 41.5 5.0 265/74 085/10 266/29 085/61 175/00 Reverse 0.80 20 Br'
340. BMG 18 08 81 05 29 34.6 04.09S 127.34E 33.6 5.1 231/24 051/66 051/21 231/69 141/00 Reverse 0.85 40 81'
341. BM 22 08 81 02 45 18.6 03.98S 140.41E 58.7 5.5 250/34 070/56 070/11 250/79 160/00 Reverse 0.88 19 BMG
342. BMG 12 09 81 16 30 46.8 06.49S 131.66E 35.6 5.1 005/00 095/00 050/00 140/00 099/90 Strike-slip 0.94 17 H'
343. 81G 13 09 81 10 22 59.1 05.51S 131.01E 33 5.3 174/50 078/04 228/29 113/35 344/40 Strike-slip 0.89 27 BM
344. BS 13 09 81 17 03 14.5 05.47S 130.99E 33 5.2 234/22 144/00 282/14 086/14 055/68 Strike-slip 0.90 22 BM
345. 81' 17 09 81 06 19 08.8 06.49S 127.93E 33 5.7 051/00 142/16 187/10 094/10 321/74 Strike-slip 0.82 60 B1'
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Carpresion Tension Axis Nunber
of Data Data Tiire Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Renark
DD. Scurce DY M YR HR MN SW Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plune Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

346. BMG 28 09 81 03 41 44.7 02.37S 140.32E 33 5.2 036/70 216/20 216/65 036/25 126/00 Normal 1.00 10 BMG
347. BMG 16 10 81 14 40 56.7 04.27N 128.33E 56 5.3 263/50 039/30 238/10 350/66 143/22 Reverse 0.82 45 BIC
348. BMG 17 10 81 12 08 26.3 03.20S 142.25E 26 5.9 239/44 014/37 215/04 313/66 123/00 Reverse 0.82 67 BMG
349. BMG 17 10 81 15 43 04.6 10.27S 116.84E 33 5.1 097/00 007/26 319/16 055/18 187/64 Strike-slip 0.81 21 BMG
350. BWi 23 10 81 13 05 57.5 08.78S 106.45E 33 5.5 090/34 197/26 052/07 150/44 312/46 Strike-slip 0.94 31 BtG
351. BH1 .2 11 81 18 25 05.5 07.17S 132.03E 33 5.3 179/40 279/12 238/38 133/16 022/48 Strike-slip 0.90 20 BMG
352. BMG 23 1i 81 04 46 13.3 07.0nN 125.64E 53.2 5.0 207/24 300/08 162/09 256/23 047/64 Strike-slip 0.85 14 BM
353. BlG 12 12 81 97 77 15.6 01.16S 127.32E 60.4 5.4 290/60 C07/24 037/66 264/17 169/16 Reverse 0.92 37 BM
354. BMG 25 12 81 00 28 15.8 04.76N 118.48E 39.1 5.4 255/60 355/06 326/44 200/32 089/29 Reverse 0.86 53 BMG
355. BMS 27 12 81 13 30 :.5 02.12S 139.80E 33 5.7 180/18 087/07 225/06 132/18 335/70 Strike-slip 0.89 55 BM
356. BMS 10 01 82 12 52 13.' 03.04S 129.74E 58.3 5.1 220/14 322/40 006/16 261/38 115/46 Strike-slip 0.84 19 BtC
357. RM 20 01 82 04 25 11.6 06.95N 094.OOE 18.9 5.6 6.3 228/00 318/08 003/06 275/06 128/82 Strike-slip 0.86 73 BM
358. BMC 20 01 82 05 13 25.4 07.05N 094.03E 33 5.2 189/30 060/40 037/07 136/54 303/35 Reverse 1.00 19 EMG
359. BrC 20 01 82 07 09 17.4 07.12N 093.99E 27 5.7 6.2 175/10 265/14 221/20 311/03 048/73 Strike-slip 0.91 89 BW.
360. BMG 21 01 82 23 00 26.5 02.42N 126.74E 57.5 5.4 252/20 072/70 072/25 252/65 162/00 Reverse 0.85 34 BMG
361. BG 25 01 82 10 27 09.1 06.86N 094.04E 33 5.1 195/20 015/70 095/65 015/25 105/00 Normal 0.94 10 BMG
362. BMS 04 02 82 01 54 46.1 06.11S 102.23E 29.0 5.5 140/36 237/10 093/16 165/32 340/52 Stril.e-slip 0.95 21 BMG
363. BIG 10 02 82 16 17 51.5 06.86S 106.94E 39.8 5.5 155/72 335/18 155/27 335/63 245/00 Rev-zse 1.00 14 BW.
364. BWS 10 02 82 21 00 48.8 11.47S 117.99E 33 5.5 5.6 136/46 290/40 122/04 238/75 031/12 Reveix7 0.89 28 BG
365. HMG 21 02 82 09 25 16.0 06.18S 102.41E 27 5.4 5.5 07C,36 269/52 258/08 022/77 167/09 Reverse 0.97 35 BM
366. 81- 24 02 82 04 22 40.3 04.37N 097.75E 52.3 5.4 5.4 068/20 200/60 232/21 100/59 330/20 Reverse 0.82 68 811
367. BMG 04 03 82 02 32 55.7 02.63S 140.25E 33 5.4 230/16 328/24 278/29 010/04 110/60 Strike-slip 0.91 22 BWG
368. EM 17 03 82 20 17 21.7 02.35S 139.05E 34.9 5.1 232/26 332/20 191/04 283/34 094/58 Strike-slip 0.94 17 B11
369. BM3 18 03 82 04 52 48.5 04.60S 101.91E 30 5.2 5.0 180/28 070/32 033/04 127/45 301/45 Reverse 0.80 29 BM1
370. B1 19 03 82 00 1- 52.3 02.80S 138.81E 48 5.5 5.5 170/20 074/12 214/05 121/25 315/66 Strike-slip 0.97 29 8113
371. BMG 22 03 82 08 38 33.3 02.47N 097.02E 39 5.3 150/30 312/58 323/14 180/75
372. 055/08 Reverse 0.82 34 BMG
BWG 22 03 82 16 47 26.5 10.13S 121.05E 33 5.0 4.0 195/80 015/10 195/35 015/55 105/00 Reverse 0.92 12 WE1
373. 8MG 22 03 82 17 15 23.7 08.63S 106.01E 34 5.1 356/50 246/16 040/20 285/48 145/35 Reverse 0.94 19 BM
374. BMG 25 08 92 04 51 32.5 11.47S 119.18E 33 5.1 5.1 282/30 025824 334/40 292/05 149/50 Strike-slip 1.00 14 aM1
375. BM13 01 04 82 10 10 10.3 02.63S 138.76E 57.3 5.1 350/14 255/20 303/28 212/04 114/65 Strike-slip 1.00 10 B3
376. 811G 21 04 82 11 51 33.2 05.11S 102.37E 33 5.3 4.8 108/06 017/12 064/28 334/09 227/76 Peverse 0.81 26 B1
377. 811 22 04 82 02 58 39.5 05.65S 133.73E 53 5.3 4.6 010/30 210/58 198/13 345/74 105/10 Reverse 0.86 29 81G
378. B. 27 04 82 08 06 24.8 04.13S 119.03E 30.8 5.5 4.8 182/24 340/64 355/20 200/68 088/08 Reverse 0.92 37 BMG
379. 811 27 04 82 11 49 28.7 08.29S 121.46E 33 5.2 153/26 260/30 205/42 298/03 029/48 Normal 0.89 28 BM
380. BMG 27 04 82 12 06 05.8 08.33S 121.48E 37.2 5.3 5.2 084/20 350/10 034/22 128/06 236/67 Strike-slip 0.96 26 BMG
381. B13 27 04 82 16 15 18.4 08.36S 121.52E 33 5.0 120/50 335/34 141/07 025/70 234/16 Reverse 0.95 20 BM
382. 8MG 14 05 82 14 02 35.P 02.915 141.92E 2.9 5.4 5.4 027/10 263/70 007/52 221/32 120/16 Normal 0.82 28 EM
383. BM 18 05 82 17 32 17.0 04.71S 103.27E 6.4 5.2 117/38 350/36 144/02 048/60 235/30 Reverse 0.83 23 811
384. 8MG 04 06 82 13 12 15.3 01.49N 117.91E 33 5.1 000/30 250/30 305/42 038/04 125/45 Normal 1.00 10 811
385. 8M11 14 06 82 16 41 04.1 04.71S 103.06E 56 5.9 210/14 040/76 031/29 207/59 300/02 Reverse 0.88 129 B1
386. 8M 14 06 82 19 29 34.5 08.09N 121.47E 26.7 5.0 4.4 319/12 227/10 003/01 273/16 099/74 Strike-slip 0.92 24 BMG
387. 81 22 06 82 14 55 55.7 02.86S 126.40E 27 5.4 5.4 020/12 287/14 244/02 333/20 150/72 Strike-slip 0.94 90 8M1
388. BM3 27 07 82 19 34 32.5 03.590 128.48E 26 5.3 5.7 187/42 325/40 166/01 257/68 074/22 Reverse 0.91 22 BMG
389. EM 06 08 82 20 .0 52.2 08.37S 120.58E 45.7 5.9 138/10 210/10 184/14 094/00 000/76 Strike-slip 0.82 45 8MG
390. BMG 06 08 82 20 46 13.9 08.32S 120.42E 49.9 5.5 070/30 328/20 111/06 015/36 211/52 Strike-slip 1.00 16 &C
 Pole of Pole of Axis of -xis of Null
No. 1st Nodal 2rndNodal Compresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Renark
ED. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Ttend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

391. BMG 07 08 82 20 56 22.7 11.14S 115.42E 33 6.1 6.2 185/26 075/34 134/45 036/05 303/45 Normal 0.84 87 BtC
392. BMS 09 08 82 03 15 43.4 09.85S 121.48E 33 5.6 060/30 170/30 025/00 115/46 296/45 Reverse 1.00 10 BWG
393. BW. 10 08 82 18 56 24.3 06.16S 104.21E 63 5.4 220/22 110/40 071/10 173/46 331/52 Reverse 0.88 41 BW.
394. BMG 11 08 82 10 28 42.3 08.78S 123.98E 33 5.5 105/30 345/40 314/06 051/54 220/35 Reverse 0.85 20 BWG
395. BMG 11 08 82 10 42 37.9 03.06S 130.30E 20.8 5.6 5.4 047/18 303/38 261/11 002/42 157/46 Reverse 0.91 46 BMG
396. BSMG 11 08 82 10 52 16.1 03.01S 130.40E 33 5.4 087/16 178/04 134/13 041/08 283/74 Strike-slip 0.81 21 BtC
397. 814 19 08 82 20 05 48.9 00.09S 121.65E 44.5 5.1 120/38 281/50 292/05 177/78 022/10 Reverse 1.00 16 B4
398. EK4 21 08 82 05 06 09.3 08.46S 120.53E 33 5.3 4.9 280/70 100/20 100/65 280/25 010/00 Normal 0.85 20 B4
399. 8MG 24 08 82 16 01 32.7 01.72S 136.26E 33 5.4 5.0 165/37 290/36 231/58 136/02 046/31 Normal 0.86 43 BMG
400. EM4 27 08 82 23 30 09.0 02.31S 120.97E 54.7 5.4 258/18 076/72 256/63 076/27 346/00 Normal 0.86 29 BM1
401. 8145 07 09 82 06 13 27.7 04.72S 139.32E 33 5.0 130/50 310/40 130/05 310/85 040/00 Reverse 0.93 14 BM
402. BM 24 09 82 22 51 52.2 05.98N 126.62E 46.4 5.5 5.5 352/33 255/10 298/32 038/13 151/55 Strike-slip 0.87 39 BMG
403. BM 25 09 82 03 44 42.3 04.36S 102.17E 60.7 5.0 068/22 273/66 051/66 257/31 162/08 Normal 0.86 22 BM
404. 8145 27 09 82 08 55 34.0 01.30N 126.30E 62 5.6 057/32 175/36 206/05 113/53 099/37 Reverse 0.85 75 BM
405. BMG 24 09 82 15 35 25.8 03.65S 131.14E 66 5.2 237/34 006/42 033/04 295/62 126/28 Reverse 0.91 33 BM
406. BMG 31 10 8: 02 48 13.6 02.97N 096.10E 62 5.5 305/45 045/10 066/39 258/21 145/43 Strike-slip 0.82 67 BM1
407. 814 03 11 32 14 48 04.8 03.24S 139.69E 33 5.2 198/36 311/28 162/05 257/50 069/40 Reverse 0.92 13 8M1
408. 8M1 09 11 82 01 36 34.8 07.04N 094.37E 33 5.1 4.7 219/00 119/00 174/00 264/00 999/90 Strike-slip 0.93 14 8145
409. 81M 11 11 82 00 43 45.6 06.65S 101.63E 33 6.1 6.0 237/53 057/37 057/82 237/08 327/00 Normal 0.86 127 BM
410. BMG 14 11 82 16 23 56.4 09.37S 122.60E 49.9 5.5 358/22 260/20 040/02 308/30 132/60 Strike-slip 0.82 60 BM
411. BM 19 11 82 07 52 42.6 01.26N 121.91E 31.7 5.1 120/40 264/44 283/02 187/70 014/20 Reverse 0.92 24 BMG
412. 814 22 11 82 O; 28 01.3 07.18S 130.08E 62.8 5.6 215/00 125/30 080/22 170/22 305/60 Strike-slip 0.80 46 BMG
413. BM 02 12 82 19 36 56.4 04.50S 038.95E 33 5.6 5.2 153/48 305/38 137/04 250/75 046/14 Reverse 0.91 46 81G
414. 8MG 12 12 82 01 21 14.9 07.91S 128.31E 33 5.0 197/10 098/40 156/34 051/19 298/48 Strike-slip 0.83 18 BMG
415. BMG 19 12 82 06 24 39.6 06.33S 100.74E 33 5.4 5.0 160/30 280/40 214/54 312/06 046/34 Normal 0.94 17 BMG
416. BM 25 12 82 07 53 39.6 04.36S 131.40E 33 5.4 4.4 219/10 039/80 039/35 219/55 129/00 Reverse 0.87 23 BM
417. BMG 02 01 83 18 29 46.4 01.99N 126.81E 57.3 5.4 200/48 110/00 120/43 280/45 020/12 Reverse 0.80 52 8145
418. 81G 03 01 83 03 39 47.2 04.85S 103.15E 59 5.5 195/26 079/42 043/09 147/50 306/36 Reverse 0.88 51 BMG
419. 8MG 04 01 83 03 09 02.9 03.15S 101.23E 54.1 5.4 5.2 080/40 205/34 050/04 147/58 319/32 Reverse 0.91 69 8M1
420. BM 10 01 83 01 57 55.8 01.93S 133.69E 33 5.2 5.7 150/40 285/40 127/00 217/66 037/25 Reverse 0.82 58 EM1
421. BM 15 01 83 02 20 10.6 06.29S 131.08E 43.6 5.3 120/20 215/12 077/04 170/24 333/67 Strike-slip 0.85 20 BM
422. EM 22 01 83 01 24 34.6 06.67S 102.98E 41 5.3 5.5 036/40 272/34 065/04 328/59 158/30 Reverse 0.80 30 EM4
423. BM 22 01 83 06 44 36.4 06.71S 102.97E 29 5.7 6.1 357/30 093/10 050/30 312/13 201/58 Strike-slip 0.81 48 8145
424. 8MG 25 C 83 06 08 07.2 03.60S 140.19E 18.4 5.1 5.8 154/69 334/21 154/24 334/66 064/00 Reverse 0.82 22 8MG
425. BM 29 01 83 00 34 48.6 03.21S 129.29E 45.1 5.0 310/40 049/10 263/18 008/36 150/48 Strike-slip 0.90 20 BMG
426. EM1 01 02 83 02 07 07.8 03.49S 140.16E 33 5.0 326/20 074/40 002/45 115/11 217/43 Normal 0.90 10 B4
427. 81G 04 02 83 19 05 59.4 10.23S 124.40E 33 5.5 017/30 107/00 066/20 327/20 197/60 Strike-slip 0.81 38 BMG
428. 814 08 82 83 16 17 50.1 01.67S 096.49E 33 5.3 171/14 075/20 124/25 031/04 197/60 Strike-slip 0.93 45 BIC
429. BM 12 02 83 08 47 12.7 05.67N 126.29E 51 5.7 170/32 065/22 210/06 114/40 307/49 Strike-slip 0.87 62 BM
430. 8MG 12 02 83 11 50 59.4 06.74S 102.96E 33 5.0 115/30 225/30 261/00
4 170/46 350/45 Reverse 0.93 15 BM
431. 814 i 02 83 01 29 51.9 01.64N 126.36E 50.9 5.C 043/10 306/34 260/14 000/32 148/54 Strike-slip 0.88 17 BM1
432. MG 20 02 83 10 49 54.1 05.55N 126.24E 60.5 5.9 282/19 048/60 314/58 085/21 184/22 Normal 0.80 75 BMG
433. EM4 23 02 83 09 43 05.7 06.72S 102.94E 26 5.0 182/16 002/24 182/61 002/29 092/00 Normal 0.93 15 BMG
434. EM 26 02 83 16 00 14.9 11.21S 115.56E 33 5.0 017/30 287/30 233/00 323/46 144/45 Reverse 0.82 13 BM
435. BM1 03 03 83 02 30 29.7 06.21S 100.70E 23.4 5.5 265/40 189/14 146/39 041/16 293/46 Strike-slip 0.93 54 BM
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

436. BtC 12 03 83 00 53 40.2 04.04S 127.89E 33 5.8 6.0 070/22 160/00 022/14 118/14 250/68 Strike-slip 0.87 62 B
437. BW, 12 03 83 01 36 35.8 04.06S 127.92E 16.9 6.t 6.5 210/42 080/34 236/05 140/62 329/29 Reverse 0.89 64 BMG
438. BMG 15 03 83 19 58 30.5 05.35N 126.56E 41 5.7 6.6 154/04 246/27 293/16 197/21 055/62 Strike-slip 0.83 46 BW.
439. BMG 16 03 83 19 13 11.9 03.48N 095.79F 43.3 5.2 4.6 106/70 286/20 286/65 106/25 016/00 Normal 0.91 33 BMG
440. P-4. 20 03 83 11 24 46.8 02.33N 126.70F 41.6 5.5 4.5 224/30 338/35 012/02 279/50 105/40 Reverse 0.82 39 WC
441. RIC 22 03 83 22 44 24.9 03.84N 118.86E 57.6 5.0 128/30 230/20 086/06 182/37 348/53 Strike-slip 0.93 16 BM
442. BMS 3C 03 63 00 49 08.1 01.68N 122.55E 22.8 5.5 074/12 338/24 295/07 028/26 187/62 Strike-slip 0.87 45 B
443. BWS 07 04 83 05 04 22.2 06.09S 100.75E 33 5.1 070/30 290/52 025/66 276/11 172/20 Normal 0.88 18 BIMG
444. BMG 16 04 83 12 57 49.9 10.16S 110.89E 57.1 5.9 263/42 028/32 330/58 233/05 140/31 Normal 0.83 90 B11
445. BMG 21 04 83 10 25 08.1 00.86N 125.95E 52.4 5.2 130/54 310/54 310/09 130/E- 040/00 Reverse 0.93 26 BMG
446. &MZ 02 05 83 06 59 58.8 08.66S 106.36E 33 5.3 143/20 239/14 100/03 192/26 001/65 Strike-slip 0.80 41 B
447. G 03 06 83 21 51 51.3 00.64N 119.92E 25 5.0 281/22 158/54 121/16 242/57 023/29 Reverse 0.82 28 BMC
448. BMG 08 06 83 09 54 38.8 05.23S 102.92E 40 5.2 086/16 346/30 304/08 040,'34 203/55 Strike-slip 0.88 32 Bh
449. BMG 15 06 83 07 33 43.6 05.31N 127.60E 53.9 5.2 5.0 000/34 246/30 034/02 29649 126/41 Reverse 0.85 26 BMC
450. BMG 18 16 83 11 29 48.2 05.57S 131.25E 55.4 5.2 105/04 197/26 245/14 148,'20 008/64 Strike-slip 0.83 24 BMS
451. BiMG 21 06 83 12 57 33.8 03.78S 131.56E 33 5.0 247/24 157/10 295/08 201/25 045/64 Strike-slip 0.87 15 BW3

00
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data Sources

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before SEASEE Project On SEASEE Project
Classification NOE Solution N R SS------------------------------------------------------------
Others Solution Others Solution
by BMG by BMG
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WDC R/56 RCBI JOKO/79 BMG BMG 84

1-------------------------
Intermediate EQ. 352 353 69 ;:5Z- 131 66 4 9 197 76 16

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

co
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null

No. Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Ccrpresion Tension Axis Nurber
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY IN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB mL ms Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is 16

1. R/56 31 01 41 02 38 40.0 06.50S 128.50E 191 6.8 310/79 168/09 175/52 343/36 077/09 Normal - - Ritsema
2. R/56 17 09 41 06 48 04.0 00.10N 122.70E 191 345/24 090/24 040/40 306/04 213/60 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
3. R/56 27 11 41 08 37 34.0 06.60S 121.10E 446 023/53 137/17 342/21 100/51 238/41 Reverse - - Ritsema
4. R/56 07 07 53 04 07 48.0 01.00N 100.OOE 191 6.75 320/53 095/28 293/14 052/64 212/49 Reverse - - Ritsema
5. WH/67 28 03 61 09 35 55.0 00.20N 123.60E 83 6.7 266/58 134/23 117/19 347/62 214/21 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
6. F-"/70 14 02 63 07 04 51.0 07.19S 127.85E 261 5.8 6.4 068/30 296/50 268/11 020/62 174/25 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
7. F/72 22 05 63 21 53 05.0 08.21S 115.69E 76 5.3 6.2 186/06 006/84 006/39 186,51 096/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
8. F/72 17 06 63 23 02 07.0 04.12S 102.24E 69 5.5 6.3 060/10 240/80 240/35 060/55 150/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
9. FA/70 19 06 63 09 09 09.0 04.47N 126.34E 183 5.7 264/10 084/80 084/35 264/55 174/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
10. FM/70 30 06 63 06 45 39.0 02.54S 102.53E 176 5.3 5.9 050/06 154/60 207/32 080/45 320/30 Reverse - - World Data
11. Centre
FM/70 08 01 64 22 30 49.0 03.65S 119.54E 81 5.3 077/50 257/40 077/05 257/85 167/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
12. DS/73 29 02 64 23 49 48.7 08.52S 112.70E 143 5.4 316/20 000/31 006/38 101/06 199/51 Normal 0.84 37 World Data
Centre
..
M,70 29 02 64 23 49 48.7 08.52S 112.70E 140 5.7 003/70 183/20 183/65 0C3/25 093/00 Normal - - World Data
Centre
13. DS/70 13 03 64 21 39 44.0 04.72N 125.67E 204 5.0 278/20 009/04 232/11 323'17 110/60 Strike-slip 0.85 20 World Data
Centre
14. EM/70 10 03 64 01 06 00.0 01.76N 127.OOE 138 5.6 145/90 145/00 325/45 145/45 055/00 Reverse - - World Data
15. Centre
DS/73 10 03 64 13 59 57.2 01.92N 127.49E 138 5.4 290/00 200/30 151/21 249/21 200/60 Strike-slip 0.82 33 World Data
Centre
16. 7B/65 21 03 64 03 42 20.6 06.44S 127.96E 373 5.8 088/48 355/04 033/35 144/24 254/43 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
0/71 21 03 64 03 42 20.6 06.44S 127.96E 373 5.8 051/05 318/31 009/26 270/18 149/58 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
17. B,"C/84 28 03 64 11 30 11.3 00.40N 12-.11E 160 6.1 353/31 250/20 033/05 298/39 135/50 Strike-slip 0.91 33 B.MG
18. DS/73 02 04 64 15 56 52.5 05.77N 125.73E 168 5.6 099/10 088/08 054/13 144/01 240/77 Strike-slip 0.78 27 World Data
Centre
FM/70 02 04 64 15 56 52.5 05.77N 125.73E 78 5.7 078/84 258/06 078/39 258/51 168/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
19. F/72 03 04 64 04 12 59.7 03.91N 096.56E 70 5.8 200/20 020/70 200/65 020/25 110/00 Normal - - World Data
Centre
20. DS/73 07 04 64 13 18 22.7 00.02N 123.18E 184 5.8 345/01 080/30 030/21 128/20 257/60 Strike-slip 0.89 56 World Data
Centre
21. BMG/84 24 04 64 05 56 09.8 05.07S 144.20E 99 6.3 070/60 290/24 323/65 097/18 192/16 Normal 0.80 30 BtC
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis
of Data Data Number
Tum Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Renark
EQ. Source DY M YR HR N SEC Lat Long km MB L ms Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/
Plunge Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ii 12 13 14 15 16

22. DS/73 26 04 64 13 59 27.7 05.83S 104.93E 90 5.7 357/01 087/05 042/04 132/03 256/85 Strike-slip 0.89 37 World Data
23. F/72 15 06 64 00 05 36.1 05.28N 096.82E 67 5.3 Centre
350/50 214/30 016/11 264/65 102/36 Reverse - - World Data
DS/73 15 06 64 00 05 36.1 05.28N 096.82E 71 5.3 190/30 Centre
088/20 231/06 13t/36 329/53 Strike-slip 0.78 37 World Data
24. DS/73 08 07 64 07 45 50.8 03.19N 128.;IE 70 5._4 Centre
240/10 141/40 095/19 199/35 341/48 Strike-slip 0.83 18 World Data
25. FM/70 08 07 64 11 55 41.1 05.54S 129.79E 189 6.5 Centre
024/10 274/63 225/31 357/40 119/25 Strike-slip - - World Data
DS/73 08 07 64 11 55 41.1 05.54S 129.79E 189 6.5 300/40 Centre
192/20 340/12 238/44 051/43 Strike-slip 0.78 72 World Data
26. 0/71 11 07 64 15 35 55.5 05.93N 126.31E 183 5.0 Centre
124/22 017/35 338/80 075/42 239/47 Strike-slip - - World Data
27. DS/73 24 08 64 17 26 16.0 00.09N 123.67E 143 5.3 Centre
190/20 096/10 234/07 142/21 341/67 Strike-slio 0.87 23 World Data
28. DS/73 06 09 64 18 57 23.0 07.08N 093.62E 69 5.0 Centre
279/17 016/21 327/27 058/03 153/32 Strike-slip - - World Data
29. F/72 Centre
01 11 64 12 26 07.5 03.11N 128.06E 89 5.8 128/39 241/01 094/07 192/07 356/40 Strike-slip - - World Data
30. DS/73 02 11 64 12 43 04.6 00.OON 123.63E 150 5.5 Centre
291/01 021/01 338/01 246/00 156/89 Strike-slip 0.87 16 World Data
31. DS/73 09 11 64 04 44 20.1 07.25S 128.14E 133 5.3 Centre
344/48 116/31 317/09 065/63 222/25 Reverse 0.88 25 World Data
32. DS/73 24 11 64 10 41 33.5 06.24S 107.28E 130 5.5 Centre
230/00 140/20 187/14 093/14 320/70 Strike-slip 0.75 40 World Data
33. FM/70 17 01 65 20 57 41.8 06.85S 109.01E 242 5.7 Centre
134/15 238/40 176/40 280/16 026/46 Strike-slip - - World Data
34. F,172 15 02 65 10 43 26.2 02.97N 125.91E 88 5.9 Centre
022/12 276/57 226/28 350/46 120/37 Reverse - - WorlU Data
35. F1/70 12 05 65 10 33 44.3 06.20S 130.33E 125 5.8 Centre
006/60 259/11 054/31 288/47 163/28 Reverse - - World Data
36. FM/70 20 08 65 05 54 50.6 05.74S 128.63E 327 6.1 Centre
347/60 256/02 050/35 284/44 165/30 Reverse - - World Data
DS/73 20 08 65 05 54 50.6 05.74S 128.63E 328 6.1 350/81 Centre
080/00 269/44 071/44 170/09 Reverse 0.86 86 World Data
37. 0/71 07 09 65 07 12 37.7 02.66N 124.27E 288 5.6 Centre
316/34 214/18 260/38 358/40 100/50 Strike-slip - - World Data
38. FM/7) 16 09 65 13 58 12.2 07.13N 126.58E 178 5.9 Centre
026/34 274/31 060/02 328/48 152/42 Reverse - - World Data
39. F/72 18 09 65 22 03 15., 08.31N 126.96E 85 5.4 Centre
282/10 102/80 102/35 282/55 013/00 Reverse - - World Data
40. FM/70 24 10 65 14 32 13.9 04.71N 125.81E 151 5.4 Centre
064/74 244/16 064/29 244/61 154/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. 1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Comresion Tension Axis Nunber
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P 1 B Fault Type Score of Pemark
EQ. Source DY IV YR HR MNSEC Lat Long kn mB ML .MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Pl'rnge
~~-------------------------------
----- -- -- ---------------------- ---- - --------------------------------------­
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-------- - - --------- - ----------------------- - ----------------------­
---------

41. FM.,70 20 11 65 15 05 38.2 07.28S 129.16E 122 5.9 142/60 272,20 :10:22 241 59 710, 22 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
42. F71i70 21 11 65 10 31 51.0 06.21S 130.39E 102 6.3 150/60 266,14 106.26 235,52 U3,25 Reverse - - World Data
43. 01,71 15 12 65 08 22 22.2 Centre
00.00N 123.69E 169 5.3 272/19 181;01 225/14 31212 081/'1 Strike-slip - - World Data
44. FM/70 03 02 66 05 48 11.6 00.11N 123.52E 165 Centre
5.7 104/51 333/29 i70/14 019,,62 226/26 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
45. F/72 21 08 66 05 00 24.0 08.48N 126.62E 67 5.8 248/24 068/66 063/19 248/7! 349/00 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
46. FM/70 08 09 66 21 15 52.3 02.34N 128.40E 71 6.6 045/39 237/50 23L/04 002/83 140/04 Reverse - - World Data
47. F/72 19 02 67 Centre
22 14 36.4 09.12S 113.40E 80 5.9 6.4 229/08 051/82 229/53 051/37 140/04 Normal - - World Data
DS/73 19 02 67 22 14 36.4 09.12S 113.05E 94 5.9 Centre
230/00 140/60 077/38 203/38 320/20 Strike-slip 0.77 97 World Data
Centre
Cj 48. F1/70 19 02 67 23 28 36.4 00.11S 124.22E 101 5.7 151/61 231/21 118/21 249/60 020/22 Reverse - - World Data
LD
Centre
49. 8%,,'84 19 03 67 01 10 48.2 06.73S 129.84E 80 6.0" 229/20 080/68 057/27 214/61 322/12 Reverse 0.93 60 5:.c
50. FM/70 21 05 67 18 45 13.2 00.96S 101.39E 173 6.0 068/20 232/70 244/25 077/65 335/05 Reverse - - World Data
51. FM/70 09 08 67 08 20 03.9 06.53S 130.53E 89 5.7 Centre
226/36 358/44 023/04 284/64 114/25 Reverse - World Data
52. 0/71 07 09 67 07 '- 37.7 02.66N 124.27E 274 Centre
5.8 213/18 316/34 260/38 358/10 100/50 Strike-slip - - World Data
53. BMG/84 14 01 68 12 25 06.2 07.53S 127.91E 80 Centre
6.0 137/33 019/34 348/00 078/52 259/38 Reverse 0.89 64 8.9G
54. 0/71 03 03 68 22 55 36.6 01.57N 122.03E 433 5.5 245/02 338/33 285/25 025/22 150/57 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
55. F/72 24 10 68 15 51 16.0 06.06N 126.97E 70 5.5 073/50 309/29 107/11 356/61 204/26 Reverse - - World Data
56. F/72 30 01 69 Centre
10 23 40.3 04.77N 127.50E 70 5.9 064/20 270/63 251/25 043/64 156/04 Reverse - - World Data
57. RCBI/78 11 02 69 Centre
22 16 11.5 06.76S 126.74E 447 6.0 235/75 055/15 055/60 235/30 325/00 Normal - - World Data
58. -'BI/178 13 04 69 23 33 15.4 06.11S 129.91E 163 Centre
5.9 184/54 004/36 184/09 004/81 274/00 Reverse - - World Data
59. RCBI/78 08 08 69 20 44 21.0 Centre
06.14S 129.69E 185 5.9 044/40 157/25 006/09 108/50 270/00 Reverse - - World Data
60. RCBI/78 29 09 69 16 20 01.5 Centre
07.27S 128.78E 139 5.7 255/48 046/38 240/04 346/74 148/15 Reverse - - World Data
61. F/72 10 01 70 12 07 08.6 Centre
06.80N 126.75E 73 5.9 081/42 298/42 099/00 006/81 190/13 Reverse - - World Data
62. F/72 30 03 70 16 45 46.2 06.78N 126.66E Centre
76 5.8 062/30 280/54 256/13 019/66 162/10 Reverse - - World Data
Centre
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of
of Data ost Nodal 2nd Nodal Cacpresion Axis of
Tension
Null
Data Tim Epicentre Depth Magnitude Axis NLrnber
Plane Plane P T B Fault Type
EQ. Source DY M YR HR MN SEC Lat Long Score of Renark
)an MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/
Plune Plunge Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
63. RCMI/78 13 08 70 04 22 38.5 09.00S 117.95E 99 6.0 323/23 118/65 135/21 340/66 228/10 Reverse - - World Data
64. 8.1.84 05 04 71 05 02 15.9 00.36S 124.70E 67 6.0 237/32 123/30 271/01 178/49 001/44 Centre
65. MG/84 08 07 71 19 07 07.3 07.03S 129.70E 92 Reverse 0.91 84 SIC
6.1 320/60 140/30 320/15 140/75 050/00
66. RCBI/78 16 09 71 06 22 37.6 05.93S 139.68E 125 Reverse 0.91 77 Bw,
6.2 112/05 292/85 112/50 292/40 02l/00 Normal - - World Data
67. RCBI/'78 04 04 72 22 43 06.7 07.47S 125.56E 387 6.6 024/40 180/48 084/78 192/04 284/12 Normal Centre
- - World Data
68. MG,'84 11 06 72 16 41 02.7 03.80N 124.30E 336 6.2
69. 264/68 084/22 084/67 264/23 354/00 Normal Centre
RCMI/78 05 09 72 05 23 02.1 06.75S 129.72E 108 5.8 0.81 100 B.r
046/54 262/30 008/12 162/18 162/18 Reverse - - World Data
-0. &1C,'84 05 09 12 17 18 29.5 01.90N 128.20E 154 5.9
71. RCB/78 27 11 72 346/43 109/30 316/07 220/32 220/32 Reverse Centre
15 17 40.8 05.30S 126.62E 419 5.8 0.94 89 BMG
354/26 096/23 046/36 226/51 223/54 Strike-slip - - World Data
72. B.%/84 27 01 73 13 08 49.9 00.14S 124.OOE 112 5.9 308/43 083/38 284/02 195/24 195/24 Reverse Centre
73. &'M/84 13 08 73 08 28 19.4 04.50S 144.10E 109 0.89 72 B-G
5.9 105/60 015/00 041/37 285/30 285/30
74. &B,/84 29 10 74 03 14 18.6 06.90S 129.50E 156 Strike-slip 0.83 112 &MG
6.3 311/60 182/20 343/21 083/22 083/22
75. &'C/94 14 01 75 19 49 05.0 04.93S 130.10E 82 Reverse 0.88 97 WG
6.0 089/20 354/12 041/24 247/57 247/57
76. &aE,84 27 05 75 10 18 38.9 Strike-s1:n 0.83 69 B.MG
00.75t. 122.61E 97 6.0 321/34 222/13 266/34
-7. 'iC/84 17 10 75 03 31 51.8 113/54 113/54 Strike-sliD 0.89 81 ELG
07.54S 128.76E 106 6.1 255/42 128;33 283/05
,8. &,C/84 25 12 75 23 22 016/29 016/29 Reverse 0.97 88 EUI
20.3 04.10S 142.10E 102 6.4 168/84 348/06
79. &EC84 348/51 078/00 078/00 Norm- 0.88 104 B1G
21 08 76 06 56 52.0 06.77S 129.62E 165 5.9 018/79 176/09 359/35 265/03 265/03 Reverse
80. &MG 27 02 77 02 50 07.8 07.01S 128.38E 286 0.90 88 aMG
4.6 139/50 270/35 11/08 017/29 017/29
81. &MG 27 02 77 10 24 56.8 07.38S 128.48E 175 Reverse 0.81 21 a1C
4.8 145/47 268/29 109/11 011/40 011/40
82. &MG 13 03 77 15 20 02.5 04.74S 127.46E 87 Reverse 0.89 18 amG
5.3 184/42 292/22 247/47 045/51 045/51
83. &MG 16 06 77 00 59 45.1 06.24S 130.24E 166 Normal 0.89 38 a'E
5.1 087/,57 340/13 012/49 242/28 242/28
84. &1C 11 05 77 03 22 25.2 02.00N 126.88E 77 Normal 1.00 13 &1C
5.7 Z72/22 006/12 226/06 320/22 124/Cl
85. a.' 21 07 77 08 53 56.3 07.82S 122.52E 283 Strike-slip 0.82 50 &C
5.0 320/35 228/06 226/28 009/21 132/56
86. &1C 26 08 77 22 54 44.1 00.15S 123.07E 140 Strike-slip 0.86 22 BMG
5.6 242/22 342/28 292,/38 021/02 118/60
87. amG 23 09 77 20 45 56.0 05.76S 128.83E 309 Strike-slip 0.74 43 BtC
5.5 120/33 268/49 286/06 175/70 020/17
88. &EC 01 11 77 04 11 54.9 07.48S 128.47E 165 Reverse 0.87 69 BtC
5.0 262/20 148/47 108/10 216/49 008/35
89. mG 0 11 7 20 28 29.2 05.93S 105.79E 100 Reverse 0.89 28 BtC
5.3 295/80 190/37 147/11 250/49 047/47
90. B.MG 08 11 77 15 30 04.5 06.53S 128.19E 360 Reverse 0.88 26 aIG
5.1 174/80 354/10 354/55 174/35 264/00
91. G 08 01 78 22 30 58.8 04.21S 102.82E 94 Normal 0.96 25 BMS
5.6 200/18 302/40 346/12 245/45 083/50
92. MG 09 01 78 21 54 12.8 06.29S 129.70E 168 Reverse 0.85 20 &1Z
5.2 090/20 218/60 122/60 251/20 351/22
93. &IV 16 01 78 00 39 51.4 07.41S 126.54E 394 Normal 0.83 12 BmO
5.1 180/45 340/43 264/80 170/03 080/10
94. &MG 30 01 78 13 14 54.1 06.79N 126.88E 69 Normal 0.92 14 EMS
5.3 120/56 270/30 100,'13 231/69 009/14
95. amG 02 02 78 04 05 07.0 00.23N 121.78E 172 Reverse 0.93 41 StC
5.3 110/34 227/34 080/02 171/51 349/39
96. B.'G 03 02 78 11 03 52.9 08.68S 114.53E 123 Reverse 0.94 16 &MG
5.1 242/21 140/21 193/39 099/03 002/54
97. PMG 05 02 78 18 18 15.8 Strike-slio 1.00 10 aBM
03.42S 104.30E 294 5.0 048/17 380/00 084/14
98. a'rG 08 02 78 13 05 002/12 228/74 Strike-slip 0.94 31 8C
26.6 04.23S 102.88E 83 5.4 126/35 030/12
99. &MG !2 02 78 071/32 172/16 280/68 Strjke-slip 0.83 48 aBG
03 34 29.1 08.66S 124.05E 106 5.8 120/38
100. 5E, 240/38 090/00 180/52 000/35 Reverse
17 02 78 15 07 42.9 07.11S 129.02E 108 5.2 0.82 62 BMG
209/09 111/40 063/20 168/35 311/48 Strike-slip
101. EM, 20 02 78 00 39 12.5 02.95N 128.416 231 0.81 16 BWl
4.8 239/39 345/20 297/42 198/10 101/43
102. aMG 24 02 78 19 00 52.7 02.32N 126.63E 73 Normal 0.85 13 BMG
5.0 332/30 236/11 281/30 018/13 128/59 Strike-slip 1.00 10 BIc
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Ncl1
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Soicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Renark
EQ. Source DY MNYR HR M!NSEC [at Long -n MB M MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

103. &MC 26 02 78 02 19 08.q 00.14N 122.85E 152 5.1 080/20 26 128/33 222'04 317/57 Str~ke-sIp 0.89 26 SmG
104. BMG 14 03 78 0] 57 03.7 06.14N 126.38E 82 5.5 206i22 198f33 258/44 159/10 062/42 Norrma1 0.82 28 &,C
105. 9'1G 14 02 78 19 42 37.6 02.95N 125.39E 185 5.0 160/40 270,22 '0/13 -23/46 021,42 Reverse 0.87 15 aG
106. amc !5 03 78 14 46 23.7 09.62S 116.411 94 5.4 178,20 278,22 !17,06 2.8,28 048,61 Str:ke-sl:p 0.88 42 am&
107. BG 25 03 78 12 45 59.3 01.78N 12-.30E 134 4.7 100,20 280/70 !00,65 280/25 010,/00 1orra 0.90 10 &IC
108. &MG 06 04 78 10 7Q 40.1 06.60S 129.89E 169 5.1 126,40 306350 206/15 126 8 036/00 Reverse 0.86 14 8IG
109. BmG 12 04 78 10 19 39.7 05.46S 131.14E 72 5.3 230/20 069/18 020/28 289,04 199/60 Str:ke-slio 0.94 36 Em.
110. B"% 28 04 78 19 31 46.5 05.58S 105.93E 164 4.6 036,10 133/30 079/13 083/28 291,59 Strke-slip 1.00 13 BIC
!1!. 'E 08 05 78 22 32 24.4 00.12S 124.26E 94 5.2 219. 20 22121 /-n20 10 00 094,'60 Strke-s..o 0.87 14 B.I
112. &ms 09 05 78 06 56 06.5 00.9914 126.13E 71 5.1 090/10 25cl9 044/20 311,05 205/68 Strike-slip 0.92 12 BG
113. BMS 29 05 78 16 29 42.6 01.211 124.26E 300 5.2 090/18 2-0/2 2-0 2' 090/63 000/00 Reverse 0.37 37 R'G
i14. &'I 11 06 78 10 22 05.1 04.6914 126.61E 78 5.6 264/20 160/25 120,0 217 3 019/50 Str ke-s' p 0.34 57 BIC
115. am 11 06 78 16 02 18.7 00.16Ni 126.61E 65 5.2 270/12 ?70/39 724/18 227/3 014/48 Strke-slip 0.88 16 BMG
116. P G 14 06 78 13 34 09.6 08.24N 122.38E 79 5.9 017/10 109/10 06,16 153.'0 247/76 StrKe-sl~p 0.81 68 8mG
117. aMG 15 06 78 13 20 45.6 07.29S 128.88E 155 5.8 264/20 162,,29 121,29 214/14 024/53 Str ke-sl'p 0.90 58 SIC
I1. 0M 19 06 78 16 34 36.7 03.2514 124.25E 354 4.9 291729 173/40 236/53 138,02 ',46/36 Jor:-al 0.79 34 SMG
119. 8MG 24 07 78 06 07 02.4 02.66N 128.34E 166 5.1 311/27 066/40 754,'50 102,07 .99 39 :orai 0.86 14 BIMG
120. BmG 01 08 78 15 27 48.6 02.6114 123.94E 123 5.2 260/50 011/17 311/48 218/20 144/35 No =..a1 0.90 31 PG
121. ELG 05 08 78 18 52 09.1 34.025 102.41E 113 5.5 066/10 10218 05511 146'05 :50862 Strike-slip 0.86 115 &MG
122. BMG3 13 08 78 10 12 50.3 04.5514 126.63E 113 5.5 000/15 093,'20 14-,,26 139,14 232867 Str ke-slit 0.86 35 3MG
126. SM5 13 08 78 13 34 10.9 07.07S 129.54E 124 5.1 043/04 134.11 D68108 180/06 200/76 Strike-s'im 0.89 18 a'G
124. Sma 14 08 78 08 26 59.7 06.61N 126.95E 78 5.0 258/14 357/37 042/12 102,35 148/52 Str:ke-s1.: 1.00 11 BM(
125. &1r 25 08 78 15 56 37.0 03.92S 128.56E 131 5.1 104/40 346/28 139/10 038/52 231/36 Reverse 0.94 16 &MG
126. EmG 10 09 78 21 33 29.3 00.46N 125.45E 71 5.1 264/10 168,24 122/18 221,,'20 008/54 Strike-slho 0.90 20 BIC
127. BIC 12 09 78 14 03 59.3 03.56S 140.25E 114 5.1 180/70 285,06 264/47 120/38 017/18 Normai 0-91 11 BMG
128. BmG 12 09 78 18 54 52.7 00.0214 123.82E 158 5.1 040/00 130/10 085/07 176/07 310/80 Str~ke-slio 0.85 13 aIC
129. &m( 11 11 78 07 24 34.3 05.18S 129.72E 195 5.1 264/50 036/30 237/11 346/61 142,,23 Reverse 0.94 17 BMG
130. SIC 14 11 78 12 16 44.3 04.78S 129.03E 220 5.1 221/08 112/60 064/30 191/47 315/26 Reverse 1.00 17 SG
131. 2"MG 17 11 78 16 17 49.9 04.42S 127.46E 274 5.3 060/20 326/10 105/05 011/22 213/67 Str:ke-slin 0.91 56 &MG
132. BMG 19 11 78 17 13 38.6 04.55S 129.56E 152 5.4 323/19 226/25 279/29 184/03 092/58 Strike-slip 0.90 48 &MG
133. B. 21 11 78 11 55 44.6 07.65S 127.41E 173 5.2 015/22 195/68 195/22 015/68 105/00 Reverse 0.87 39 BMG
134. & G 07 12 78 16 48 45.1 01.94N 127.38E 116 5.1 227/15 047/75 227/60 047/20 137/00 Ncrmal 0.79 29 akC
135. RIC 11 12 78 13 22 14.7 00.96N 123.26E 79 4.5 294/42 192/13 236/39 339/18 088/46 Strike-slio 0.93 14 BMG
136. BMG 18 12 78 18 57 59.1 06.17S 130.74E 92 5.6 064/24 330/10 015/23 M10/10 218/64 StrIKe-slip 0.82 54 BK;
137. BMG 21 12 78 11 04 42.7 08.42S 111.61E 80 4.9 252/20 072/70 072/25 252/65 160/00 Reverse 1.00 12 EMG
138. .MT 24 12 78 12 36 39.2 02.43N 128.56E 239 5.0 300/20 042/29 082/04 348/35 182/53 Strike-slip 0.87 23 RIC
139. aG 26 12 78 05 14 49.3 07.70S 117.37E 290 4.6 004/30 184/60 004/75 184/15 274/00 Normal 1.00 10 BIC
140. EMG 05 01 79 21 22 40.0 01.61N 127.34E 139 5.0 299/40 170/35 232/60 322/05 058/29 NorTma1 1.00
141. EMG 20 01 79 05 12 SMG
15 45.9 07.28S 128.48E 156 5.2 210/10 200/10 245/01 345,01 077/75 Strike-slip 0.86 35 BEMG
142. BMG 07 02 79 21 02 06.8 05.21N 127.29E 129 6.2 288/22 174/39 236/48 236/48 036/34 Reverse 0.90
143. BEM 02 03 79 16 38 147 E8.T
03ik-si 34B02.9 07.19S 129.62E 159 5.2
5.2.
. 208/18 298/00 162/12 162/12
162/1 028/72
02/8 Strlke-slio 0.84
0.9 32
32 am0.2814.1
144. BA, 08 03 79 12 34 17.2 06.23S 104.71E 89 5.1 193/18 295/27 335/05 242/33 076/53 Strike-slip 1.00 15 EMG
145. &G 15 03 79 15 06 24.7 06.18S 131.10E 93 5.2 090/24 270/66 270/21 090/69 000/00 Reverse 0.87 30 BMG
146. BMG 20 03 79 08 53 47.2 07.56N 126.59E 147 5.3 237/26 332/13 287/27 192/10 089/58 Strike-slip 0.82 38 BMS
147. &It 26 03 79 07 21 03.6 Q7.358 128.55E 152 5.3 040/30 220/60 220/15 040/75 130/00 Reverse 0.92 36 mEG
 -
- ------
----- -------
- - ------- -- ---- -- ------- - ----- -------------------------------------------------
O. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
st Nodal 2nd :odal Compresion Teresion Axis
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Mgnitude Ntrnber
Plane Plane P T B Fault Ty
EQ. Source DY .?4 YR HR MJ SEC Lat Long k-n S ML MS
Score of R~anark
Trend, Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data

Plunce Plunge Plunce Plunge Plunge

1 2 3 4
5 6 7
a 9 10 1i 12 13 14 15 16

148. &MG 28 03 79 16 54 24.5 05.92N 126.15E 111 . 202.40 322'30 17.'04 257 55 076,34 Reverse
149 B.MG 05 04 79 20 27 19.9 06.55N 126.765 122 5.1 0.87 31 aMG
270:50 090,40 270,05 090,85 0C0,,00 Reverse
i5o. &'G 07 04 79 01 26 00.0 06.19S 104.65r 79 5.3 0.90 63 Btii
'07,/5 010/!0 053,20
15,16 2E8'50 Strke-sl:m
151. B11G 22 04 -9 18 16 30.6 00.70:N 122.97 -" 5.9 0.95 22 BMG
-127 i08 8 073 00 162 '44 34060 Reverse
152. &MG 28 04 79 03 29 56.9 00.54N 098.78E
72 0.81 62 BMG
5.8 230'0
0,70 150/25 330.,65 060,OC
i53. &11 28 04 79 09 53 39.4 06 .50". ''6.2 Reverse 0.86 80 &MG

.-
38 5.1 090/20 356,70 242,21 12406 242.67

154. &.IG 28 04 79 1 39 36.7 01.96N '8.27E 28 St:Ike - S 1 .00 20 B

5.5 220"20 040 040<25
220/65
155. 3'C 04 05 79 14 32 33.3 07.72S 107.15 91 5.1 0C
5
130<00 Reverse 0.88 59 a1C
095.0 04 25 139,05 236;62
156. aMS 07 05 79 12 52 06.3 06.31S 105.967 117 5.9
Str:ke-sl:p
0.95 19 13M
2' ,C '40,40 089,'26 194,28 322'50 Strike-s!io
157. &1r, 16 05 79 19 13 57.7 00.75N 125.18E
91 5.3 0.90 106 B-rG
298"39 090
46 105 02 000/74 198,13 Reverse
158. ams 07 76 -9 02 47 47.4 04.26S 127.34E 2-2 0.38
25 a1C
5.0 081/09 34 3/9 040:25 292,16 282,48

159. B.G 16 06 79 05 46 43.9 06.70" 126.90E 226 Str:Ke-sliD 0.92 12

B.G
4.3 058/35 l7i ' C 024 22 117/50 294,41
160. &.MG 25 06 79 07 52 25.9 0-.I5S "27.575 2-0 .erse
0.97 32 B13
5-." 066/'9 82,5( 220,16 103,51
327.2
161. EL13 25 06 79 12 18 26.9 05.955 103.64E 69 Reverse 0.80 20 a11

5.6 23209 122.71 D66 32 22'5l 325,16
162. 8113 29 06 79 12 21 52. 07.72S 127.69E 184 .Reverse 0.94 7/ aPc

5.2 282/40 082 48 092,04

340,'79 i84,10
163. B.MS 07 07 79 04 54 58.9 06.78 129.69- 156 Peverse
0.85 59 EM
5.3 218/19 128'00 266:12 171/12
038/70
164. .11 18 07 79 07 57 45.3 Strike-s'm
0.84 51 8113
07.53S 127.49E 171 5.5 138/16 231,02 094'06
165. &IC 22 07 "9 2 13 47.6 184 '14 354/65 Strike-slio 0.83 69 BMG

07.67S 128.00E 107 5. 090/02 181,04 225,00

166. 5EMG 22 07 79 13 16 06.5 134,06 354/56
Strike-s1ip 0.88 17
aMG
02.89N 126.44E 77 5.3 268/12 000:08 31,,'/14
167. a'G 27 07 79 223/01 118/75 Strike-sl:o 0.90 29 B113
19 32 36.6 00.4-1 120.67E 103 5.2 273/43 006/01
168. B 29 07 79 221'26
330/31 100/43 Str:ke-sliD 0.88 34 &1C

22 34 43.9 08.298 109.78E 94 5.0 054/16 309/35

169. B-G 05 08 79 004<39 267/10 164,47 Str:ke-s1:p 0.85 20 81G

07 22 20.6 00.04N 123.42E 177 5.1 126/36 K19'53

170. 'EM 316/07 081./78 224,.i0 Reverse 0.85

20 8113
07 08 79 04 41 52.9 08.71S 108.85E 69 5.6 260/50 144, 36 280/05 168<71 012,18
Reverse 0.94
171. BC 08 08 79 21 31 14.4 00.21S 127.52E 84 5.0 47 BM

270/20 168,'30 222,39

129/06 028,52 Strike-slip 0.91
2. BG 17 08 79 20 19 36.2 04.37N 127.87E 266 5.5 i1 8c1

063/20 163/29 131/35

205/06 .04/52 Strike-slip

173. 8113 19 08 79 16 00 12.6 03.211 128.10E 115 0.90 80 BIC

5.4 084/2! 186/29 226,02
132/38 323/51
174. 811G 24 08 79 21 11 03.9 06.94S 129.57E !P3 Strike-slip 0.90 58 a&C
5.0 250/08
112/77 219J53 077/33 342/09
15. RIC 31 08 79 20 35 12.6 03.21NI 126.99 Normal 0.93
14 k
7 5.2 250/23 349/20 209/01 300/31 115/57

176. 8M13 06 09 79 16 01 32.0 06.83S 106.75E 95 Str ike-slit 0.91 11 BMG

5.2 042/10 310/10 088/01 356/14 176/76

177. a&'E 21 09 79 15 08 14.3 03.45S 127.30E 72 Str ke-sloD 0.86 29 SIC
5.1 240/09 146/30 099,12 196/17 347/52
178. 8mG 24 09 79 00 25 08.9 08.86S 114.00E
86 Strike-slo 0.96 24 BtC

5.1 254/10 074/80 054/55 074,/35 164,/00

179. BC 02 0 79 10 12 27.7 06.48S 130.34E 148 Normal
i.00 13 ELIC
7 5.3
190/40 386,08 247/36 142/19 026/49

180. 8a1, 04 10 79 04 15 36.2 00. 1.N 125.11E 89 Str ke-slip 0.93 60

811
5.3 290/10 110/80 290/55 110/35 020/00 Normal
181. a13 09 10 79 01 46 56.7 0.82 39 811
00.1014 123.78E 130 5.3 223/10 313/11 269/14

182. H G 02 11 79 177/01 096/74 Strike-slip 0.86 40 BG

23 21 03.3 00.26N 122.45E 198 5.3 004/07 270/20

183. &MG 10 11 79 20 38 01.0 225/07
316/20 118/68 Strike-slip 0.85 39 BMG

01.23N 124.21E 258 5.2 150/34 330/56 330/11

184. B.% 19 1 79 22 17 20.2 150/79 060/00
Reverse 0.85 41
B1

05.86N 125.29E 85 6.1 120/37 300/53 300/08

185. a'C 21 11 79 17 07 53.1 120/82 030/00 Reverse 0.88 91 &MG

02.081429.9e
106 5.3 236/20 137/17 185/26
186. B.MG 03 12 79 095,00 007/61 Strike-slip 0.84 38 B1
03 20 d8.5 06.-65 105.36E 92 5.1 321/17 141/'73
187. a '3 06 12 79 141./27 221'63 052.00 Reverse 0.87 15 3,MG

07 OS 30.8 02.98N 126.21E 68 5.6 030/20 130/24

188. &MG 09 12 79 079,31 170/01
266/57 Strike-slip 0.81 32 &,G
02 20 33.7 06. 12!1 125.91E 135 5.3 306/40 098/47
189. B.IC 006/76 113/05 207/14 Norral 0.82 34 8MG
15 12 79 16 10 59.5 00.07S 123.45E 167 5.1 034/10
190. a413 298/30 253/12 349/29 140'59 Strike-slio 1.00
25 12 79 11 31 50.7 06.49S 129.37E 209 5.6 274/20 10 &C
094/70 094/24 274/66 001./00 Re.' rse 0.89
191. 8M11 16 01 80 16 07 23.9 92.65N 128.54E 240 5.1 28 &MG
225/40 118/20 163/46 266/13 008/44 Norm.al
192. &MG 20 01 B0 i2 20 17.7 ji.068 129.36E 109 5.5 0.92 13 SK1
040/00 310/71 238,'41 022/41 130/19 Strike-slip 0.85 34 BMG

 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null

No. Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Corrresicn Tension Axis 4ur
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Pidne P 8 Fault 1Thpe Score of Renark
ED. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC [at Icng lon MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trnd/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plune Plure Plunoe
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

193. WC1 01 02 80 10 50 35.6 03.06N 125.46E 124 5.1 120/60 300/30 iiL 300,75 030/00 Reverse 1.00 10 Bt1
194. BY-r 05 02 80 18 56 25.0 6.42S 129.03C 212 5.3 070/10 250/80 070/55 250/35 160/00 Normal 0.86 14 BMG
195. Bn1 19 02 80 07 48 37.0 02.33N 128.50E 228 5.2 150/70 330/20 150,25 33u,65 060/00 Reverse 0.82 11 &MG
196. 'E 20 92 20 22 25 51.0 03.76S 129.708 142 5.u 118/55 257/28 215,65 092/13 257,/19 Normal 0.91 1i EMG
197. BMG 23 02 80 04 11 21.0 0,.08S 129.48E 91 5.2 020/10 200/80 020/55 200/35 110/0) Normal 0.80 15 SIC
198. 81M0 27 02 80 15 34 26.- 00.6114 100.09E 158 5.1 160/60 340/'0 160/15 340/75 070/00 Reverse 0.22 51 &11C
199. 1 29 02 80 11 13 16.7 0'.304 126.80E 104 6.1 100/2, 216/40 251/08 150/52 34,/37 Peverse 0.85 88 B1
200. WC 08 03 80 13 21 22.3 06.40S 130.21E 123 5.1 210/43 354,/40 194/01 288/70 101'20 Reverse 0.89 21 EM
201. 81 10 03 80 12 57 46-9 02.4IN i26.058 87 5.- 104/16 284/74 104/61 284/29 014/00 Normal 0.82 11 aMG
202. 811 29 03 80 02 10 35.9 06.25S 130.938 9C 5.3 190/13 291/36 334/14 234,'36 084/51 Strike-sl'o 0.82 22 aIC
203. 811 03 04 80 16 34 24.6 05.34N 125.368 2L2 5.6 255/10 075/80 255/55 075/35 345/00 N'or-.al 0.95 62 81G
204. B.' 16 04 80 12 18 20.6 02.08S 108.798 84 5.8 132/60 312,'30 132/15 312/75 042,'00 Peverse 0.84 87 SKI0
205. 8110 23 05 80 09 16 02.5 02.69t4 128.34E 109 5.2 215/40 035/50 035/05 215/85 125/'00 Reverse 1.00 12 B1
206. &IC 24 05 80 08 23 45.6 03.03N4 126.46E 68 5.2 130/29 233/22 091/06 185/37 354/00 Strike-slip 0.94 Is BMG
207. a11 25 05 80 12 07 12.2 07.15S 106.09E 74 5.0 040/41 270/34 066/04 328/60 158/27 Reverse 1.00 11 %110
208. BIC 06 06 80 23 32 34.9 04.02S 141.90E 111 5.7 315/?7 210/20 356/11 258/42 099/47 Reverse 0.88 41 SK;
209. BG 02 07 80 09 06 32.6 05.46N 126.18E 76 5.2 242/20 340/20 019/00 290/29 111/61 Strike-sIir 0.90 10 BIC
210. &'C 02 07 80 21 54 29.9 05.45: 131.05E 88 5.1 086/10 189/50 130/3' 123,43 349/38 Reverse 0.83 18 811
211. 8MG 08 07 80 04 39 28.7 06.63N 125.798 178 5.9 074/31 205/49 232/09 121/C3 328/25 Rever;e 0.84 87 &Ir
212. LMG 14 07 80 05 53 25.4 05.13S 129.24E 1
258 5.4 1u2/48 216/20 063/15 17 2 320/35 Reverse 0.88 34 BM-
213. 811 16 07 R0 06 31 21.1 05.94N i17.198 116 5.2 032/20 288/34 247/09 344/19 147/4' Str k's-sIin 0.80 2C BG
214. a'f 18 07 90 03 13 10.6 01.7LN 099.62E 136 5.0 062/30 320/20 102/06 008/38 202/53 Strike-slip 0.92 12 BE
215. SIC0 20 07 80 21 51 10.7 06.86S 127.548 394 5.2 150/43 320/46 325/02 214/86 056/05 Reverse 0.86 36 r1
216. BMG 22 07 80 11 25 26.7 02.63N 099.13E 163 5.0 036/30 284/32 341/49 257/09 158/43 Normal 0.R7 30 8MG
217. BMG 22 C, 80 18 34 36.5 06.58S 130.078 146 5.1 148/10 262/67 11/31 172,/51 054/20 Reverse 0 32 22 B1
218. BMG 31 07 80 18 14 48.8 00.17S 125.108 75 5.1 021/08 290/10 246/01 335/15 L50/77 Strike-slip 0.87 23 BMG
219. 81 02 08 80 23 56 38.0 00.06S 124.95. 80 5.3 020/75 200/15 020/30 200,'60 110/00 ReceLse 0.85 26 BW1
220. 811 12 08 80 14 19 44.8 03.19N 128.478 134 5.1 058/15 298/61 258/23 028/54 155/24 Reverse 0.83 12 B1
221. BMG 13 08 80 09 00 35.8 00.23N 122.018 227 5.1 174/32 305/44 235/61 334/06 064/26 Normal 0.81 32 811
222. 1! ! 25 08 80 01 40 06.0 02A9S 101.278 72 5.1 160/70 340/20 3,t0/65 160/25 070/00 Normal 0.34 19 841
223. 811 31 08 80 16 29 31.1 00.16S 123.00E 97 5.3 112/20 212/26 253/03 160/32 350/56 Stri1:e--li, 0.88 24 B1
224. BMG 11 09 80 19 57 07.9 00.32S 123.12E 110 5.2 048/50 228/40 228/85 048/05 138/00 Normal 1.00 11 8110
225. &'G 13 09 80 17 13 46.2 04.32N 128.338 67 5.1 242/28 344/20 201/06 295/33 102/53 Strike-slir 0.93 15 811
226. BMG 21 09 80 01 00 51.6 05.9114 126.19E 119 5.4 110/40 350/30 143/05 047/53 237/34 Reverse 0.84 37 Bm1
227. BIC, 26 09 80 09 36 55.7 00.02S 123.288 186 5.3 040/70 220/20 040/25 220/65 130/00 Reverse 0.86 29 811
228. a110 08 10 80 09 17 35.2 00.04S 123.288 152 5.5 286/40 108/50 108/05 288/85 018/00 Reverse 0.88 -­
1 B1
229. BMG 11 10 80 22 10 20.7 06.;9N 126.69E 77 5.3 294/10 153/28 204/27 108/12 355/58 Strike-slip 0.92 26 SIC
230. BMG 23 10 80 23 10 41.2 06.60S 129.628 160 5.8 350/50 170/40 350/05 170/85 080/00 Reverse 0.87 53 BI10
231. BMG 04 11 80 17 39 01.9 08.56S 123.658 151 5.0 324/19 210/50 280/50 170/16 069/32 Normal 0.92 13 8410
232. 821 04 11 80 18 41 17.3 04.50S .02.978 74 5.1 155/30 036/40 002/06 101/54 269/36 Reverse 0.89 18 RIC
233. BIC 22 11 80 01. 00 49.4 07.67N 126.93E 67 5.2 060/09 158/40 101/34 206/20 318/42 Strike-slip 0.92 13 B'C
234. 81 22 11 80 18 02 33.4 03.66S 140.048 77 5.5 292/19 195/20 153/00 244/26 064/61 Strike-slip 0.88 25 BG
235. BMG 24 11 80 06 53 11.9 00.44N 123.918 245 5.0 242/10 062/80 242/55 062/35 152/00 Normal 0.88 25 BMG
236. Bm1 02 12 80 02 33 59.9 06.08N 126.83E 88 5.1 208/32 320/30 204/44 174/00 083/44 Normal 0.89 18 B11
237. 8MC 11 01 81 15 09 46.0 02.06N 098.078 69 5.7 090/70 330/10 350/51 134/33 237/06 Normal 0.88 100 811
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Corpresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY tMNYR HR MN SE2C Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

238. .mG 22 01 81 03 10 12.8 02.50N 126.02E 81 5.0 135/30 315/60 315/15 135/75 045/00 Reverse 1.00 14 BMG
239. 8mG 28 01 81 02 49 37.6 07.62S 127.56E 185 5z4 085/50 065/40 085/05 265/85 355/00 Reverse 0.86 22 8m13
240. BMG 10 02 81 18 42 41.5 03.98N 097.23E 121 5.1 257/12 349/11 304/17 213/01 120/74 Strike-slip 0.90 29 &IC
241. BmG 14 02 81 04 12 03.7 02.56N 125.81E 140 5.1 347/23 094/34 034/44 133/07 232/48 Normal 0.88 17 BM
242. aB1r 14 02 81 07 31 33.7 03.33N 128.13E 155 5.6 280/20 024/34 065/08 327/39 168/47 Strike-slip 0.82 61 BMG
243. BMG 20 02 81 17 21 01.1 06.80S 130.48E 116 5.0 263/10 010/60 291/48 060/39 168/28 Normal 0.94 17 BMG
244. B'1G 13 03 81 23 49 44.2 06.38N 125.74E 146 5.0 108/00 018/00 063/00 153/00 999/90 Strike-slio 0.88 16 BMG
245. BM 05 04 81 09 03 37.2 06.25S 130.24E 152 5.1 100/30 234/50 261/10 146/63 355/23 Reverse 1.00 12 BM
246. B1G 12 04 81 23 04 44.8 00.08S 122.89E 189 5.0 158/36 297/46 217/68 319/05 051/20 Normal 0.81 21 BM
247. B1G 23 04 81 00 31 44.3 07.95S 123.82E 215 5.0 151/10 331/80 331/36 351/54 061/0C Reverse 0.86 23 BMG
248. B13 09 05 81 23 36 38.6 01.62N 127.39E 131 5.4 091/72 171/18 091/27 171/63 001/00 Reverse 0.84 32 BMG
249. BM 13 05 81 01 39 54.8 05.83N 127.01E 145 6.0 101/15 215/22 061/12 171/50 324/37 Reverse 0.84 98 811
250. 811G 19 05 81 17 11 32.8 05.61N 126.59E 107 5.3 136/11 229/20 274/06 181/24 019/69 Strike-slip 0.86 42 BMG
251. BMG 22 05 81 02 55 22.3 06.57S 132.25E 73 5.8 103/39 203/19 060/13 164/43 318/45 Reverse 0.86 69 BMG
252. BMG 01 06 81 22 48 14.2 03.90S 128.36E 135 5.4 156/28 055/20 105/33 197/02 292/56 Strike-slip 0.82 27 811
253. BtC 19 06 81 02 50 45.1 07.58S 127.67E 178 5.2 235/32 338/20 291/39 194/08 095/50 Strike-slip 0.88 26 B11
I'D 254. BMG 22 06 81 10 21 05.5 02.44N 124.55E 313 5.2 093/36 337/30 127/04 030/51 219/40 Reverse 0.83 57 BmG
w 255. BMG 27 06 81 17 55 35.6 07.34S 128.93E 175 5.0 254/36 145/25 291/07 193/46 028/46 Reverse 0.96
256. BII; 05 07 81 15 02 09.9 02.96N 127.82E 121 5.0 0-3/80 233/10 233/55 23 BMG
053/35 144/00 Normal 1.00 11 BMG
257. BmG 06 07 81 00 00 39.2 08.08S 112.79E 121 5.0 058/20 320/20 009/30 279/01 190/60 Strike-slip 0.92 13 BM
258. 813 15 07 81 09 56 i6.5 00.55N 121.66E 122 5.0 303/18 207/18 255/27 165/01 079/63 Strike-slip 0.86 16 BMG
259. BM1 03 08 81 00 21 21.4 06.53S 127.12E 431 5.0 266/06 015/70 290/49 070/34 175/13 Normal 0.86 22 8M
260. B3 29 08 81 22 06 05.2 04.28N 127.76E 150 5.1 207/36 305/16 258/30 164/06 063/59 Strike-slip 0.89 18 BM
261. &13 30 08 81 10 00 02.4 03.05N 124.63E 308 5.0 202/40 022/50 202/50 022/85 122/00 Normal 1.00 18 etc3
262. 8MG 10 09 81 14 17 43.4 05.45N 095.34E 103 5.0 010/15 266/41 222/16 330/45 115/46 Reverse 0.85 55 BMG
263. BMG 15 09 81 14 12 06.0 06.35S 130.68E 102 5.9 182/20 307/58 343/20 218/67 083/34 Reverse 0.88 67 BMG
264. 8mG 20 09 81 17 33 55.5 02.05N 126.86E 90 5.2 045/40 162/28 109/51 010/08 276/36 Normal 0.80 40 BM3
265. 8113 11 10 81 00 36 13.3 00.44N 120.87E 94 5.6 205/50 321/20 167/16 280/52 065/32 Reverse 0.83 76 BMG
266. &MG 15 10 81 04 13 32.8 07.59S 127.77E 154 5.2 093/16 183/10 045/04 137/20 303/71 Strike-slip 0.92 12 BMG
267. BMG 17 10 81 06 44 55.1 07.10S 128.97E 179 6.1 153/28 333/62 333/17 152/79 063/00 Reverse 0.90 91 8MG
268. 8mG 20 10 81 22 40 00.0 07.24S 126.64E 352 5.0 180/46 660/40 262/75 165/03 075/15 Normal 0.91 24 8MG
269. BMG 23 10 81 08 19 01.2 07.58N 126.55E 159 5.2 037/28 217/62 217/62 037/73 127/00 Reverse 0.88 25 811
270. BMG 24 10 81 10 51 52.3 03.30N 127.29E 76 5.1 147/27 247/62 105/05 198/27 008/55 Strike-slip 1.00 11 BMG
271. BMG 31 10 81 03 40 41.5 07.45S 128.60E 169 5.4 095/40 319/40 298/01 029/66 207/24 Reverse 0.85 40 BMG
272. BMG 02 12 81 05 17 20.1 07.41S 128.80E 133 5.7 174/30 059/34 025/02 120/49 295/50 Reverse 0.90 60 811
273. BMG 13 12 81 20 35 56.6 07.35S 111.76E 83 5.7 345/20 243/30 203/06 297/37 100/53 Strike-slip 0.81 53 BMG
274. 81G 21 12 81 01 50 00.2 08.52S 120.68E 150 5.2 255/30 138/38 202/52 103/05 011/37 Normal 0.86 35 811
275. BMG 23 12 81 01 22 26.3 06.52S 130.18E 150 5.0 269/30 160/30 215/45 125/01 034/45 Normal 0.92 25 811
276. BG 31 12 81 07 20 07.0 00.91N 123.92E 303 5.0 255/24 114/60 224/64 087/18 352/16 Normal 0.90 35 BMG
277. 8MG 13 01 82 03 06 02.3 08.04S 119.76E 180 5.5 191/12 090/42 151/19 043/19 294/46 Strike-slip 0.84 32 BMG
278. BMG 24 04 82 18 06 20.4 03.33S 128.17E 82 5.1 267/16 170/10 216/20 307/04 047/71 Strike-slip 1.00 18 BMG
279. BMG 29 01 82 11 20 11.5 06.77N 127.07E 70 5.0 160/50 253/02 104/31 220/34 345/40 Strike-slip 0.93 14 811
280. 8mG 01 02 82 07 51 09.4 05.28N 126.53E 135 5.1 020/30 113/04 070/21 332/17 211/60 Strike-slip 0.85 20 BMG
281. BMG 01 02 82 11 45 04.5 00.27N 122.22E 202 5.3 193/40 074/30 226/06 128/54 320/34 Reverse 0.96 47 BM1
282. BMG 06 02 82 03 24 34.1 06.04S 105.37E 85 5.0 210/10 120/00 236/07 164/07 030/80 Strike-slip 0.92 13 BMG
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Conpresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Renark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN4SEC Lat Long Ian MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. 12 13 14 15 16

283. E'I 10 02 82 22 34 18.3 02.27N 128.21E 174 5.1 340/30 250/00 291/20 028/20 160/60 Strike-slip l.OC 14 WCG
284. BMG 13 02 82 19 56 12.7 05.68N 094.79E 71 5.3 292/30 192,/16 334/09 238/34 078/55 Strike-slip 0.87 45 BtC
285. RmG 14 02 82 05 06 39.4 01.51N 128.46E 87 5.2 230/78 050/12 210/33 050/57 140/00 Reverse 0.90 20 RMG
286. BmG 22 02 82 12 37 48.6 01.84N 128.18E 147 5.5 045/62 225/28 045/17 225/73 135/00 Reverse 0.90 39 BMG
287. BM( 18 03 82 11 13 00.9 04.52S 129.36E 162 5.1 106/65 286/25 l06.'20 286/70 016/00 Reverse 1.00 21 BmG
288. BMG 22 03 82 07 12 51.4 06.15N 125.93E 141 5.0 200/40 080,30 232/06 133/54 326/34 Reverse 1.00 16 D.U
289. &I(] 26 03 82 04 56 32.5 06.84S 129.39E 181 5.6 110/40 238/36 082,03 177/60 35),/29 Reverse 0.88 48 BMG
290. &MG 29 03 82 21 33 55.4 00.09N 123.33E 187 6.0 176/20 035/64 007/23 146,66 272/14 Reverse 0.86 95 EMG
291. B.(] 12 04 82 11 31 37.6 02.40N 128.51E 240 5.3 067/07 190/'32 134/56 037/07 305/23 Normal 0.93 42 BMG
292. 'EM 07 05 82 05 36 19.6 00.62S 123.29E 92 5.9 132/40 294/48 304/04 190/78 034/10 Reverse 0.84 57 BSM
293. &MG 08 05 82 17 19 02.0 08.78S 124.15E 135 5.2 065/14 125/38 282/14 022/38 172/48 Strike-shim 0.92 24 BM
294. BmG 13 05 82 14 05 23.8 06.72S 129.70E 191 5.1 065/20 170,38 211/10 109/42 311/44 Reverse 0.91 34 BmG
295. &%(] 27 05 82 21 04 04.2 0C.94S 127.11E 66 5.0 225/22 000/60 029/18 257/62 129/19 Reverse 0.85 27 BmS
296. &MG 03 06 82 03 36 47.3 09.39N 126.32E 66 5.1 276,00 186/34 237/24 135/25 006/56 Strike-shio 0.94 17 BtC
297. BIG 04 06 82 15 21 33.1 04.09N 124.52E 328 5.7 340/12 243/30 199/11 296/35 088/5- Strike-sin 0.30 90 BMG
298. &%r 14 06 82 03 50 44.0 10.09S 123.32E 178 5.0 110/72 290/"18 110,'27 290/63 088/57 Reverse 0.94 17 BtC
299. BmG 22 06 82 04 18 40.4 07.34S 126.04E 450 6.3 321/20 066,37 077/41 107/10 200/00 Normal 0.84 99 BMG
300. BmG 23 06 82 23 23 34.4 04.07N 124.53F 344 5.6 217/54 078/28 188/65 242/13 209/46 Normal 0.91 97 BtC
301. 5M(] 09 07 82 10 43 11.5 02.09N 126.66E 72 5.1 121/52 301/38 121/07 301/83 237/20 Reverse 0.92 25 Bl3
302. BMG 20 07 82 15 56 35.0 06.21S 129.42E 146 5.6 306/42 170/38 329/03 234/66 031/00 Reverse 0.87 55 E,
303. &MG 16 08 82 01 27 00.1 06.16S 129.45E 213 5.2 145/50 325/40 145/05 325/85 060/25 Reverse 0.84 31 BMr
304. &MG 21 08 82 09 46 33.5 02.65N 128.23E 76 ',.3 190/32 306/36 245/52 339/04 055/00 Normal 0.94 17 BfI
305. BMG 23 08 82 12 47 42.0 05.82S 128.72E 322 5.3 070/60 250/30 250/75 070/15 070/36 Normal 0.94 18 RMG
306. am8 23 08 82 20 34 38.0 06.87S 130.41E 114 5.3 070/40 250/50 250/85 070/85 160/00 Reverse 0.86 28 BM.
307. Ekn 15 09 82 00 59 24.3 06.58S 130.01E 146 5.1 242/22 340/20 291/30 201,/02 108/60 Strike-slip 0.87 23 &C
308. BmG 16 09 82 12 27 38.6 07.30S 127.06E 307 5.0 147/47 250/12 211/42 099/21 350/40 Normal 0.93 14 BMG
309. BmG 18 09 82 15 00 40.6 07.63S 127.44E 158 5.3 247/18 045/70 061/26 257/63 155/06 Reverse 0.86 62 BmG
310. BmG 25 09 82 18 08 09.7 07.07S 129.73E 119 5.5 234/20 112/54 075,'18 195,,55 334/28 Reverse 0.83 65 BMG
311. BM( 26 09 82 08 32 31.5 06.61N 126.76E 190 54 230/30 099/48 071/10 182/62 335/26 Reverse 0.87 78 EMG
312. B.'G 03 10 82 01 12 57.8 05.64S 129.88E 220 5.0 065/82 245/08 245/53 065/37 335/26 Noral 0.92 25 BmG
313. BmG' 13 10 82 17 25 01.8 07.05S 129.31E 164 5.2 000/30 103/20 320/07 055/37 222/52 Strike-s1ip 0.85 27 BIc
314. BmG 22 10 82 01 08 30.1 06.32S 130.46E 120 5.3 252/51 072,/84 252/51 072/39 162/52 No ral 0.92 39 9mG
315. BMG 26 10 82 12 44 21.9 07.40S 108.74E 153 5.6 103/34 318/50 298/07 051/70 206/17 Reverse 0.36 86 BmG
316. B.m 28 10 82 15 30 14.7 07.99S 19.09E 96 5.2 245/14 340/20 292/25 023/03 121/65 Strike-slip 1.00 10 &MG
317. BMG 29 10 82 03 47 23.2 06.05S 130.451 166 5.6 050/20 144/10 005/06 099/22 259/68 Strike-slip 0.85 46 amG,
318. BmG 05 11 82 04 52 02.3 03.63S 128.64E 113 5.3 290/70 110/20 i10/65 290/25 020/00 Normal 0.81 42 amG
319. BmG 05 11 82 18 29 39.0 07.16S 129.62E 139 5.0 126/38 250/34 097/02 194/58 005/33 Reverse 0.89 19 &MG
320. an, 08 11 82 18 35 34.7 04.63N 127.86E 160 5.4 020/30 130/30 075/45 345/00 255/45 Normal 0.86 55 BMS
321. &MG 27 11 82 11 13 51.6 05.30N 125.76E 147 5.1 025/64 205/26 025/19 205/71 115/00 everse 0.9! 34 BC
322. :G 29 11 82 13 32 25.6 07.55S 127.68E 115 5.0 270/28 007/14 227/08 321/30 '21/58 Strike-slip 0.92 13 BMG
323. & G 01 12 82 01 12 05.7 07.62S 116.91E 322 5.5 037/42 237/46 227/02 340/79 130/14 Reverse 1.00 1I BMG
324. &%*C 08 12 82 16 30 50.7 00.66N 119.93E 84 5.0 1!0/10 202/13 155,19 246/02 341/73 Strike-shin 0.88 26 EmG
325. BMG 02 01 83 23 58 14.0 06.75N 126.93E 75 5.1 195/38 096/10 138/33 242/18 353/50 Strike-slp 0.90 20 BmG
326. 8G 03 01 83 07 27 3S.5 03.91S 102.89E 121 5.0 138/30 240/20 097,'07 192/37 358/53 Strike-slip 1.00 13 &IV
327. BM(] 05 01 83 01 44 15.5 06.84N 126.89E 99 5.0 270/40 017/18 229/13 331/43 125/'45 Reverse 1.00 12 BG
 No. Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
E. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long Ion MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 !1 12 13 14 15 16

328. aMG 16 01 83 02 27 48.6 07.09S 129.46E 75 5.2 101/22 066/10 051/24 145/06 250/65 Strike-slip 0.81 32 BMG
329. BmG 28 01 83 03 15 09.3 02.60N 124.07E 354 5.6 215/40 313/08 167/20 273/34 052/48 Strike-slip 0.87 77 &MG
330. BM 30 01 83 01 26 05.9 05.45N 094.94E 83 5.2 134/44 040/04 077/32 187/26 305/46 Strike-slip 0.90 44 BrrE
331. BMS 31 01 83 05 32 20.6 07.34S 128.72E 175 5.2 265/18 010/40 310/42 052/12 157/45 Normal 0.85 34 BMG
332. BM 03 02 83 06 31 15.8 01.49N 127.79E 144 5.5 174/10 282/60 206/48 332/28 078/28 Normal 0.87 62 BMG
333. BMG 28 02 83 22 17 58.9 04.76S 142.38E 106 5.3 354/22 251/30 305/39 211/05 115/51 Strike-slip 0.91 21 BMG
334. BMG 08 03 83 23 27 57.8 07.07S 129.25E 186 5.4 143/42 022/30 175/06 074/53 270/32 Reverse 0.86 27 BMG
335. BMG 21 03 83 07 57 19.3 07.28S 128.91E 151 5.6 060/20 328/06 012/18 106/09 223/69 Strike-slip 0.81 38 BMG
336. Bt- 25 03 83 07 43 58.4 06.52S 129.96E 133 5.5 047/26 157/34 194/05 098/46 288/44 Reverse 0.82 62 BMG
337. BMG 04 04 83 02 51 34.4 05.72N 094.72E 78 6.6 075/38 315/32 107/04 010/55 200/34 Reverse 0.90 221 BMG
338. BMG 04 04 83 04 06 00.0 05.63N 094.68E 80 5.1 090/38 330/33 120/02 007/54 213/34 Reverse 0.80 51 &'C
339. SK; 04 04 83 15 21 37.2 09.39S 113.48E 81 5.0 076/40 300/40 098/00 008/66 189/22 Reverse 0.93 15 Bm3
340. EMG 10 04 83 00 44 11.9 07.44S 107.03E 87 5.0 325/40 070/16 027/44 283/14 177/45 Normal 1.00 11 BMG
341. BMG 10 04 83 12 19 31.9 02.27N 126.68E 83 5.0 145/30 235/00 095/20 195/20 325/60 Strike-slip 0.95 20 &IC
342. BMG 16 04 83 16 17 30.5 04.85N 127.69E 95 5.1 205/40 322/28 171/05 270/52 076/36 Reverse 0.87 32 8MG
343. BMG 18 04 83 13 52 12.9 08.27S 119.58E 190 5.0 005/22 171/68 179/23 019/66 272/09 Reverse 0.95 38 BMG
tD 344. BMG 20 04 83 11 01 40.0 05.52S 129.39E 290 5.2 132/36 044/00
tn 345. BMG 185/25 081/25 312/54 Strike-slip 0.83 42 BWG
25 04 83 08 43 53.3 08.94S 118.44E 105 5.1 160/25 257/14 119/04 212/32 012/61 Strike-slip 0.87 30 BMG
346. SiC 02 05 83 01 22 17.7 05.88S 129.02E 305 5.0 200/30 322/42 253/57 347/14 088/32 Normal 0.86 43 BMG
347. BMG 03 05 83 21 02 15.9 03.88S 126.37E 70 5.0 295/40 055/30 264/05 001/54 170/35 Reverse 0.94 17 BC
348. BMG 03 06 83 22 53 73.6 07.08S 129.15E 202 5.2 342/30 208/52 182/11 297/65 088/25 Reverse 0.86 21 BMG
349. BMG 05 06 83 00 43 13.7 07.57S 127.59E 179 5.2 279/09 173/60 121/30 250/47 014/28 Reverse 0.84 32 BMG
350. BM 09 06 83 04 51 01.1 03.87S 12.01F 118 5.1 013/02 105/42 158/28 049/29 281/46 Strike-slip 0.85 20 BMG
351. BMG 12 06 83 10 12 42.8 01.53N 127.32E 120 5.7 280/30 038/40 072/05 333/54 164/34 Reverse 0.87 62 BSi
352. BMG 24 06 83 04 41 46.4 09.11S 120.20E 188 5.4 072/49 187/20 145/40 031/14 291/33 Strike-slip 0.91 22 SiG
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

Data Sources

Before SEASEE Project On SEASEE Project

Classification NOE Solution N R SS--------------------------------------------------
Others Solution Others SoluL.on
by BMG by BMG

WDC R/56 RCBI JOKO/79 BMG BMG 84

Deep EQ. 71 76 43 19 14 19 8 2 38 9 1

0%
 Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null
No. ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Ccxpresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Score of Remark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long 6m lmB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

21. ROBI/78 04 08 69 17 19 19.6 05.71S 125.42E 531 6.2 332/60 077/08 280/31 047/45 172/29 Strike-slip - - Richard
Cardwell
22. RCB1/78 14 06 73 11 02 46.9 05.34S 120.32E 639 5.8 332/30 128/58 002/72 143/14 237/11 Normal - - Richard
Cardwell
23. R.'G 23 07 76 05 45 30.5 07.46S 119.89E 615 6.2 335/50 155/40 155/85 335/05 065, , Normal 0.80 131 BG
24. BMG 19 04 77 21 46 33.7 05.54S 125.37E 526 5.1 266/20 070/74 082/25 273/63 070/75 Reverse 0.91 78
25. BMG 08 06 77 21 18 03.2 05.88S 113.07E 636 5.1 309/12 054/56 103/27 343/47 212/37 Reverse 0.93 29
26. &MG 08 06 77 21 58 37.3 05.88S 113.12E 643 5.1 034/41 276/29 068/06 328/53 164/36 Reverse 0.87 31
27. &MG 21 11 77 11 39 40.1 06.83N 123.58E 601 5.5 090/66 292/23 106/21 303/67 199/08 Reverse 0.90 41
28. &.9G 13 01 78 01 29 08.3 05.39N 123.31E 577 5.0 150/66 330/24 150/20 330/70 060/00 Reverse 1.00 14
29. BMG 18 02 78 03 69 05.6 03.38N 122.91E 522 5.1 231/30 338/26 195/03 286/43 100/48 Reverse 0.86 48
30. BMG 21 02 78 07 14 05.3 04.95S 125.25E 535 5.9 081/30 314/11 028/30 127/12 230/57 Strike-slip 0.85 86
31. BmG 21 02 78 07 14 54.- 04.94S 125.41E 510 6.3 270/22 147/54 111/18 230/58 013/28 Reverse 0.81 36
32. BMG 21 02 78 07 47 21.7 04.99S 125.23E 531 5.6 086/14 352/12 039/20 131/02 217/64 Strike-slip 0.88 75
33. &IG 22 03 78 17 22 28.8 07.08S 123.25E 556 5.0 063/10 172/60 220/30 094/46 328/28 Reverse 0.86 14
34. Bt- 27 03 78 18 33 38.9 06.714 123.56E 602 5.2 296/39 196/10 238/37 343/19 096/39 Strike-slip 0.98 50
35. BMG 21 05 78 07 24 06.6 06.17N 123.62E 572 5.3 356/24 176/66 176/22 256/68 268/00 Reverse 0.86 57
36. EkiG 10 06 78 17 38 19.9 06.093 114.24E 520 5.5 002/23 254/35 311/44 216/08 117/44 Normal 0.93 72
37. BMG 31 10 78 11 21 01.1 06.8N 123.86E 554 5.4 308/50 066/21 025/52 272/15 171/32 Normal 0.92 65
38. BMG 11 12 78 03 33 52.8 07.07S 117.96E 563 5.9 134/50 349/34 047/69 152/07 247/16 Normal 0.81 96
39. B1,U 18 01 79 13 50 39.7 07.29S 123.15E 578 5.3 218/19 038/71 218/64 038/26 128/00 Normal 0.86 59
40. BM(,' 09 04 79 06 31 52.3 03.63N 122.07E 614 5.1 150/40 330/50 150/86 330/04 060/00 Normal 0.96 45
41. BMG 15 04 79 22 14 52.5 05.68N 123.62E 549 5.9 290/20 270/70 090/65 270/25 000/00 Normal 0.90 159
42. &MG 03 05 79 16 42 15.2 06.85N 125.24E 529 5.0 154/64 270/17 247/54 112/27 008/31 Normal 0.94 16
43. BMG 17 08 79 00 01 11.8 06.14S 124.89E 615 5.2 200/09 020/81 020/34 200/36 290/00 Reverse 0.88 26
44. 3MG 19 09 79 08 24 30.7 05.41N 124.01E 497 4.9 246/39 147/10 189/36 291/17 046/48 Normal 0.90 20
45. BmG 05 12 -9 23 04 56.0 06.29N 126.25E 509 5.2 106/06 286/84 106/51 286/39 016/00 Normal 0.80 15
46. ELMG 20 12 79 14 23 22.3 03.06N 122.64E 551 5.0 100/20 358/30 052/37 317/05 219/52 Normal 0.88 16
47. Bt4G 30 01 8C 00 38 06.9 03.73N 122.54E 605 5.1 106/04 203/52 138/39 258/30 012/38 Normal 0.95 22
48. BMG 21 02 80 03 29 29.5 06.13S 112.83E 601 5.2 170/60 350/30 350/75 170/15 080/00 Normal 0.93 40
49. BMG 03 05 80 16 51 37.0 07.37S 120.41E 600 5.8 160/08 340/82 340/37 160/53 070/00 Reverse 0.92 25
50. BMG 11 06 80 08 10 07.5 06.89S 125.38E 532 5.8 255/40 147/20 193/46 294/11 037/43 Normal 0.94 78
51. BMG 04 09 80 08 14 40.7 07.10S 124.97E 558 5.0 222/20 042/70 222/65 042/25 312/00 Normal 0.89 21
52. BmG 12 08 80 10 18 24.2 05.04N 122.74E 631 5.1 114/10 019/30 072/29 333/12 222/58 Strike-slip 0.84 24
53. BMG 25 10 80 20 36 20.9 06.80S 116.77E 612 5.2 342/47 212/28 266/60 010/10 106/25 Normal 0.92 48
54. BMG 30 01 81 10 29 09.8 05.61S 110.21E 562 5.7 280/10 ion 10 100/35 280/55 010/00 Reverse 0.81 37
55. BMG 30 03 81 00 37 05.9 07.07S 117.20E 609 5.2 302/12 122/78 122/32 302/58 032/00 Reverse 0.87 37
56. BMG 10 04 81 15 10 05.7 04.45N 122.83E 593 5.1 133/66 313/24 133/20 312/70 043/00 Reverse 0.89 27
57. BMG 20 05 81 05 42 44.9 03.53N 122.67E 554 5.1 114/20 294/70 114/65 294/25 024/00 Normal 0.93 27
58. 8MG 01 10 81 17 48 45.0 05.21N 123.13E 595 5.3 123/60 303/30 123/15 303/75 033/00 Reverse 0.86 36
59. BK; 14 10 81 15 10 59.7 07.05S 125.22E 529 5.1 238/10 330/10 194/01 284/14 105/76 Strike-slip 1.00 11
60. BMG 17 10 81 20 04 15.4 04.60N 122.66E 625 5.8 198/56 291/02 139/33 261/37 022/34 Strike-slip 0.89 93
61. 8MG 08 11 81 13 41 20.0 06.17S 112.15E 633 5.8 211/32 065/54 186/73 051/12 318/10 Normal 0.91 110
62. BMG 06 01 82 12 38 38.0 05.00N 126.86E 473 5.1 217/14 312/20 356/04 264/25 092/65 Reverse 0.84 37
63. BmG 25 01 82 21 44'22.2 06.84S 125.45E 537 5.1 090/20 320/60 059/59 287/21 189/21 Normal 0.88 33
 EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS

Pole of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null

No. Ist Nodal 2nd Nodal Corpresion Tension Axis Number
of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B Fault Type Scare of Remark
EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data
Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1. R/56 29 06 34 08 25 17.0 06.75S 123.75E 770 002/06 098/45 039/34 148/26 265/54 Normal - - Ritsema
2. R/56 08 05 36 09 11 34.0 05.75S 112.75E 573 002/43 162/45 077/80 173/01 262/17 Normal - - Ritsem
3. R/56 11 08 37 00 55 52.0 06.50S 116.50E 57, 001/68 191/22 191/67 011/23 101/00 Normal - - Ritsea
4. R/56 18 06 40 13 52 33.0 05.40N 123.00E 510 315/43 135/47 315/88 135/02 046,'00 Normal - - Ritsema
5. R/56 22 09 40 22 51 58.0 07.50N 123.50E 637 055/17 302/52 017/50 261/21 157/57 Normal - - Ritsena
6. R/56 11 02 52 07 01 05.0 05.50S 109.80E 637 198/26 094/26 146/39 056/00 325/60 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
7. R/56 01 01 54 13 04 19.0 09.00S 123.50E 637 236/26 327/01 188/17 285/19 059/69 Strike-slip - - Ritsema
8. R/56 20 02 54 18 35 07.0 06.90S 124.50E 573 340/62 089/10 061/47 291/31 184/34 Normal - - Ritsna
9. FM/70 15 12 63 19 34 46.0 04.86S 106.09E 654 5.7 7.1 035/33 250/51 347/70 230/09 137/18 Normal - - World Data
10. FM/70 Centre
18 10 64 12 32 24.9 07.17S 123.86E 585 5.8 142/45 354/40 059/74 158/03 250/16 Normal - - World Data
Centre
DS/73 18 10 64 12 32 24.9 07.17S 123.86E 585 5.8 339/51 159/39 159/84 339/06 069/00 Normal 0.70 69 World Data
Centre
F/72 18 10 64 12 32 24.9 07.17S 123.86E 585 6.9 000/37 !39/45 060/67 160/05 252/22 Normal - - World Data
Centre
11. DS/73 25 11 64 09 24 08.9 04.34S 122.14E 607 5.8 270/60 039/20 007/59 236/22 137/21 Normal 0.90 29 World Data
Centre
0/71 25 11 64 09 24 08.9 04.34S 122.14E 607 5.8 119/20 021/20 160/00 070/28 250/62 Normal - - World Data
Centre
12. DS/73 06 01 65 00 55 27.7 07.13S 122.84E 554 5.3 340/20 246/10 292/21 024/07 131/67 Strike-slip 0.85 26 World Data
C,.Ptre
0/71 06 01 65 00 55 27.7 07.13S 122.84E 554 5.3 065/00 345/00 290/00 020/00 000/90 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
13. 0/71 23 01 65 23 24 30.1 07.43N 123.86E 628 5.2 276/10 016/44 316/38 064/22 177/44 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
14. DS/73 29 04 65 15 48 58.9 05.65S 110.24E 524 5.7 310/2'j 218/10 254/07 262/21 101/67 Strike-slip 0.80 33 World Data
Centre
15. 0/71 09 08 65 02 34 24.3 06.99S 123.32E 605 4.8 324/43 055/01 018/30 270/28 146/47 Strike-slip - - World Data
Centre
16. FM/70 22 06 66 20 29 05.3 07.21S 124.69E 537 6.1 089/27 218/51 133/61 243/13 345/26 Normal - - World Data
Centre
D/71 22 06 66 20 29 05.3 07.21S 124.59E 507 6.1 238/52 129/51 129/75 253/09 347/13 Normal - - World Data
Centre
17. 03/71 03 02 67 12 30 53.0 05.62S 110.48E 569 4.8 010/44 228/40 292/69 089/03 120/20 Normal - - World Data
Centre
18. -1/70 03 02 67 12 48 38.2 05.58S 440.53E 560 5.5 010/44 224/41 292/72 028/02 118/19 Normal - - World Data
Centre
19. FM/70 24 03 67 09 00 20.0 06.01S 112.33E 600 5.9 019/66 199/24 199/69 019/21 108/00 Normal - - World Data
Centre
2n. FM/70 09 11.67 02 18 47.3 07.18S 123.72E 560 5.6 144/45 324/45 324/90 144/00 054/00 Normal - - World Data
Centre
 No. Pore of Pole of Axis of Axis of Null

1st Nodal 2nd Nodal Compresion Tension Axis Number

of Data Data Time Epicentre Depth Magnitude Plane Plane P T B

Fault Ty-.? Score of Remark

EQ. Source DY MN YR HR MN SEC

Lat Long km MB ML MS Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Trend/ Data

Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge Plunge

- -- ---- -- -------- -------- --------------- -----------------------------------------------------

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
------ ------------------- --------------- -- ------ - ------------- ------ -- ------------------------- --
64. EMG 27 01 82 21 46 24.1 06.09S 111.67S 627 5.6 240/30 246/24 101/24
169/41 006/50 Reverse 0.88 43

65. BMG
02 03 32 06 39 28.7 07.29S 120.31E 572 5.5 282/20 112/70 104/25 279/65
014/03 Reverse 0.83 36

66. 2-G
29 08 82 13 18 14.5 06.02S 112.76E 597 5.8 058/62 195/20 167/58 027/22
292/17 Normal 0.92 94

67. RC 24 01 33 08 -2 03.3 04.21N 126.64E 607 5.5 267/70 100/20 107/65 276,25 008/05 Normal 0.91 54
68. BMG 19 02 33 20 14 22.9 C8.73," 124.04E
568 5.8 074/22 278/66 058/66 261/22 168/08 Normal
0.92 124

69. B:IG 10 05 8 10 27 32.5 07.27S 123.39E 600 5.1 053/36 308/20 353/41 093/10 196/47 Normal 0.87
61

70. ' 11 06 33 04
54 00.7 01.28s 122.525 640 5.2 170/70 350/20 170/25
350/65 196/ 47 Reverse 0.86 37

71. BMC; 15 06 83 19 41 43.0 09.05N 124.02E 543 5.1 041/64 221/26 221/71 041/19 131/00 Normal 0.95 37
 - ".w 9-
( -
T *.~e ~ ~ z0.
0 .(MGI3Nnr- K-. COMM~ 31-11?JOzI) V3OON JO'
I:9HiJ4 S
2p ~s3)4nmvmiuv3 mo-nm~s miO~SNOLLMlOSWSNH3 M
4i5T~~ A 4
*4
kill
OA 0
4R
41) 0 i!
A f~
*01
 WSINVH0W
IVX~ 3HI J.LN3NOdV=O S3 1 VdID)NI~id 3
cv o(C9>

/ Q

ju.. i.~-~;-­
:1z
~* C-7 V~
 FOT
9 L (2e6I Nn fl61 OoiU3d3 W. J) VIS3N ONl NI US - 9W H.LIM
S3)4vrON1HV3 31Vla3Vd831NI NOAISNOT-1S WSINVH33V 1I:O
.­ 'D /-
- 0- - 6
0 ~i~0
4 &,.1 S -S
li
-4 -) )0 !y -0-1
 V'OT
(E:86 3Nnd 1 G1H O-s
W
WSINVH:3WAl V3OJ~ 3H.L 4O.LN3NOdW~O0 SS38LLS -1IN~
A- 4+--­
-
. ............

- z
*
 SOT
a
*p
K6 am d 311 WA ) O.,oItNJ 0 12913n
- p + +
+-4­
.......-.. ... ~
+ -',1;6
~---
+a
a a
 901
............. ........ 61 3NnP - t,261 OOI13d 3H .1 )
0'EOwi Hum s3x4oflO4-M3 d330 4 SNOLLrnOS
WSINVH33WN "1!13 3HJ. -40.N3NOdVYO3 SS38L1S WdIONNld 3HI
+
. . . .........
......
- -...............
!u l
NN
 PART C

SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN INDONESIA

 PART C
SEISMIC SOURCE ZONES IN INDONESIA

Introduction

An attempt has been made to construct seismic source

zones

in Indonesia based primarily on

seismicity.
Distribution of

earthquake epicentres has been thoroughly discussed

by Koning

(1952) and by Ritsema (1953, 1954a). Seismotectonic

data have

also been taken into account ('Tectonics of

the Indonesian

region', by Warren Hamilton). The seismicity data

alone may be

insufficient for a
rigorous and detailed analysis,
and so the

seismic source zones based on these data

are liable to future

modification.

An Outline of the Seismic Source Zones in

Indonesia

1.
Divided into areas according to the maximum magnitude
of the

earthquakes, based
on a compilation by Becca

Carter

Hollings, such as
typical maximum earthquakes (New
Zealand).

Furthermore the b-Value based

on the formula log
N = a -
bM.

The divided areas are shown

in Fig. 1.

2. Divided into
areas of deformation, based
on the
compilation

of Becca Carter Hollings, as shown in Fig. 2.

3. Divided
into areas according to maximum acceleration
for
a

return period 20 years, published by Becca Carter

Hollings,

as shown in Fig. 3.

4. Plate tectonics system in Indonesia, as shown in Fig.

1

5. Distribution of
shallow earthquake epicentres of magnitude

above 6.0
for the period 1897-1984, as shown in Fig. 4.

6. Expression of earthquakes frequency

square during
a certain

time interval, as shown in Fig. 5.

Seismic Activity

Indonesia can best be regarded as the place of

interaction

of three crustal
plates, namely: a. Indonesian-Australian
plate,

b. Eurasian plate, c. Pacific plate.

Most earthquakes in Indonesia

can be assigned
to one of

three vigorous assymmetrical systems that mark

the
contacts

between the Eurasian, Indonesian and Pacific plates.

The first, the most significant of

these systems,
is the

Sunda-arc, which expresses the subduction of the

Indonesian plate

beneath the Sunda shelf, a

stable southern prolongation
of the

Eurasian plate.

107

 This plate is bounded to the east by the second main system,

the Philippine arc, a similar expression of the subduction of the

Pacific plate.

The third system forms an active margin of the Australian

continent and continues the line of the Sunda arc to the east.

This third system marks the subduction of the Pacific plate

beneath the Indonesian one.

The three systems meet in the North Maluku region which in

consequence is an area of high seismicity. So the northernmost

region of Indonesia (Maluku Sea and surroundings) is probably one

of the world's most vigorous areas of seismic activity. The

intermediae earthquake activity in this area

is very pronounced,

skirting Minahassa and extending to

the north via the Maluku Sea

to the Philippines.

Earthquakes associated with the trenches of the island arc

are, according to Isacks, closely related to the underthrusting

of the sea block beneath the landward block.

On land, shallow, earthquakes occur along fault zones and

folded zones.
It could further be adduced that the remarkable

shape of N. Sulawesi and Halmahera and, in addition, the loop

shape of the Banda arc are due to the combined results of the

northward drift of the Indonesian-Australian plate (Australian

continent) and the westward drift of the Pacific plate. It is a

well known fact that earthquake epicentres may be associated with

deep submarine troughs, which run parallel to the coast of the

continent wherever the coast is lined by mountains.

Island arcs and active continental margins are typical of

such subduction zones. These systems are also characterized by

deep-focus earthquakes.

Many earthquakes, including the great ones for which the

magnitude exceeds 7 or 8, occur in association with such a

subduction of the oceanic plate. The down-going palte seems to

reach a depth of 645 km. Many deep-focus earthquakes are located

within the dipping plate.

Epicentres are sometimes distributed along a nearly straight

line in highly seismic a'eas. Such lineations seem to lie closely

correlated with active faults. Small stable

units exist within

the complex of active systems in East-Indonesia.

The Sunda arc is composed of the Sumatera segment, Java

segment and Timor segment.

The Sumatera segment is characterized by the presence of an

outer island arc and the absence of deep quakes east of it. Java

displays typical features, such as the occurrence of deep foci

north of the island.

The interdeep area between the volcanic arc and the non­

108

 volcanic arc is generally subjected to a state of

compression.

The crust comes to

a rupture probably between the continental
and

oceanic plates, when the compression exceeds a certain

limit. The

main quake is generally associated with a tsunami,

causing

serious
loss to life and property in coastal villages.
Numerous

earthquakes occur in the interdeep area, just

at the
place where,

opposing
a long deep ocean trough,
there are great
mountain

ranges at a long distance back from the shore.

On land, shallow earthquakes occur along fault

zones
and

folded zones, e.g. folded areas in

Sunda arc, West
Irian and

Sulawesi.

Further
fault zones can be mentioned as follows:
Great

Barisan fault, extending

from Aceh to Lampung, runs
parallel to

the west coast of Sumatera; many small faultings

in the other

islands of the Sunda arc; Palu

fault in Central
Sulawesi and

Gorontalo fault in the Minahassa: the Sorong fault

runs
along the

north coast of West Irian; further, the submarine faultings

from

Teluk Tomini running to the Philippines via the Maluku

Sea.

The Sorong Fault in northern West Irian is associated

with

the westward motion of the Pacific plate

and marks
the subduction

of the
Pacific plate beneath the Indonesian one.
Back to
the

south is the folded area which runs from east

to west

approximately in between the north and

south coasts
of the

island. The seismic activity diminishes gradually southward.

Except for the small northern part, South Sulawesi

has minor

seismic activity. The subduction below Minahassa and

the faulting

in and around Minahassa and, further,

the Palu fault
in Central

Sulawesi are responsible for

the active seismicity
of North and

Central Sulawesi. This activity

runs northward along
the Sangihe

ridge.

Kalimantan has been spared the

experience of
major

earthquakes. However,
this area has not
been
seismically

inactive.

Seismic Source Zones

Indonesia is bounded by latitude

10°N-15 0 S and longitude

90 0 E-140 0 S and is divided into 6 seismic source

zones.

The seismic source zones are

summarized below.

1. Highly active areas

Shocks of magnitude 8 are known.

Shocks of magnitude 7 or more are frequent.

e.g. Philippine trench, Halmahera

arc, northern
coastal

region of West Irian.

2. Active areas

Shocks of magnitude 8 could occur.

109

 Shocks of magnitude 7 or more are frequent.

e.g.Interdeep area off the west coast of Sumatera and off

the south coast of Java; further, the small Sunda Islands

east of Java, Timor segment, East Banda Sea, Buru and Ceram

arc, folded zones of West Irian and the Minahassa Peninsula.

3. Folded and fractured zones

Shocks of magnitude 7 and less are frequent.

e.g. Western coastal regions of Sumatera, southern coastal

regions of Java, the lesser Sunda Islands east of Java,

Buru, northern part of central Sulawesi and central West

Irian.

4. Folded zones with or without fracture zones

Shocks of magnitude 7 or less have occurred.

e.g. Sumatera, northern part of Java, eastern and northern

Kalimantan, Sula, south Sulawesi and central West Irian.

5. Areas where infrequent small earthquakes 'have been reported

e.g. Eastern coastal region of Sumatera, central Kalimantan,

western Banda Sea, southern margin of the Sunda shelf,

southern part of West Irian.

6. Stable areas with no record of earthquakes

e.g. Southernmost region of West Irian, Arafura Sea (Sahul

shelf) Sunda shelf, except Kalimantan.

Characteristics of Seismic Source Zones

Source Zone I

This zone comprises the northern part of West Irian and the

northern portion of Maluku, except the island of Halmahera. This

zone forms an area of frequent earth deformation during the last

20,000 years and has experienced numerous shallow earthquakes.

The maximum magnitude in this area is of the order of 8.5

and its b-Value is 1.09. The earthquakes are concentrated west of

the island of Halmahera and their frequency is 20.1 events per

square degree for the period 1976-1983; the frequency of the

earthquakes in the area surrounding Jayapura is 16.0 events per

square degree, while in Sarmi and surroundings it is 12.0 per

square degree. The expected maximum acceleration in this zone is

more than 0.69 g or, as intensity, more than X MMI.

110

 Destructive Earthquakes in Zone 1 during 1821-1984

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Event Felt I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Menado: North Sulawesi - a strong

1845 Feb 08 earthquake was felt in north
Sulawesi and caused the collapse
of brick buildings and houses at
Menado, Tikala, Tomohon,
Tonsarongsong, Tondano and
Tanawanko. MMI VIII-IX
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a strong earth­
1855 Jul 14 quake occurred. Severe damage to
buildings; one house collapse and
34 people were killed. MMI VIII-IX
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a rather hard
1858 Feb 27 shock was felt and caused damage
to walls. MMI VI
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a rather strong
1858 Jun 04 earthquake was felt, causing
damage to some buildings and
houses. MMI VI
Origin Time Tondano: North Sulawesi - a
1858 Dec 13 moderate earthquake caused 15
sheds to fall. On Ternate,
Tidore, Halmahera, Sangihe,
Talaud and Banggai islands a
tsunami was observed. MMI VII
Origin Time Halmahera Island: Maluku - at
1859 Oct 08 Halmahere a great number of
cottages tumbled down. MMI VI
Origin Time Arfak: Irian Jaya - the destruc­
1864 May 23 tive earthquake caused houses on
Mount Arfak to be set ablaze and
some houses were buried. 250
people killed. MMI VI-VII
Origin Time Ternate: Maluku - a moderate
1867 Nov 03 shock caused fissures in the
walls of numerous houses. MMI VI
Origin Time Japen Island: Irian Jaya - all
1914 May 26 brick buildings collapsed on
Japen Island. Ansus and Pom were
affected by a tsunami. A few
people lost their lives. MMI IX

ill
 Event Felt I max

Origin Time North Irian Jaya: Some damage was

1919 Nov 21 caused by a strong quake in the
eastern part of North Irian Jaya.
A few houses collapsed. Earth
fissures developed in the ground
and walls were disturbed. MMI VIII

Origin Time Sentani: Irian Jaya - a major

1921 Oct 10 earthquake was felt as far as
Dobo, but was destructive around
Lake Sentani in southeast Irian
Jaya. Ground-slides, boulders and
a large mass of limestone dammed
up a branch of the river
temporarily in the village of
Doormantop. MMI VII

Origin Time Tondano: North Sulawesi - the

1932 May 14 strong earthquake was felt as far
Epicentre north as Mindanao. The major
0.5 0 N-126.0°E destruction took place at Kakas,
south of Lake Tondano; 592 houses
collapsed, 115 people sustained
injuries and the death of six
people was reported. Damage was
also done at Langowan, Poso,
Tondano, Waluyama, Rembohan, Koya
-and Lekupang. Ternate in north
Maluku suffered minor damage. On
the coast between Amurang and
Tompoan vertical gaping cracks
developed in the beach sands and
the sea side of the cracks
sagged. MMI VII

Origin Time Sangir: North Sulawesi - the

1936 Apr 01 quake seemed to be followed by
Epicentre numerous aftershocks. Destructive
3.6 0 N-126.7 0 E in the Sangir-Talaud Islands.
Approximately 127 houses
collapsed. Cracks in walls at
Lerung. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Sentani: Irian Jaya - the quake

1971 Jan 10 was felt in most places in
07h 14m 3.7s UTC northern Irian Jaya and rocked
Epicentre Jayapura and Sentani.
0,.l°S-140.1 0 E
M gnitude: 7.3 In Jayapura cracks developed in
D.,pth: normal walls of brick buildings and ten
wooden buildings on pillars

112
 Event Felt I max

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

floating on water collapsed

completely.

In Sentani, 40 km away from

Jayapura, a church was cracked

and at 10 km further inland about

14 wooden houses on piI lars

toppled.

In Genyem, about 40 km away from

Sentani, earth-slumps and

fissures which erupted and the

sand were observed.

A sound was heard like gun fire.

This area is sparsely inhabited

and the sketehy information is

due to difficult communications.

MMI VI-VII

Origin Time
Siau Island: North Sulawesi - the

1974 Feb 27
quake was fo 1 1 owed by an

00h 21m 57.7s UTC

aftershock on March 02. A roaring

Epicentre
sound was heard, indicating that

2.70 N-125.4 0 E
the quake was shallow.

Magnitude: 5.2

Depth: normal
On March 13, 1974 occurred a

shallow earthquake again off the

west coast of Siau Island. The

shock caused people to panic; and

due to the continuous strong

shocks and the loose formation of

the soil in that area, it caused

ground-slides, ground cracks and

damage to buildings.
MMI V

Origin Time
Jayapura: The shock felt by many
1976 Jun 25
people but no damage was
19h 18m 29.0s UTC
reported. According to the
Epicentre
newspaper report the earthquake
3.20 S-142.8 0 E
caused a landslide and ground
Magnitude 6.8
cracks in the hinterland of Irian
Depth: -
Jaya. MMI IV

Origin Time
Sentani, Jayuapura: Irian Jaya ­
1979 Jul 23
the shocks caused damage to
05h 52m 53.Os UTC
buildings and houses in Sentani. MMI VII

Epicentre

2.5°S-140.4 0 E

Magnitude: 5.7

Depth: normal

113

 Event Felt I max

Origin Time Japen-Serui: Irian Jaya - this

1979 Sept 12 earthquake killed 2 people and
05h 17m 52.4s UTC injured 5 people slightly in
Epicentre Japen and Jobi villages. Many
1.8 0 S-136.1 0 E houses, buildings, school
Magnitude: 6.4 buildings and clinics collapsed
Depth: 50 km or were seriously damaged.

The villages that experienced

damage are Ansus, Papuma, Serui,

Ariepie, Aromarea, Sarawandori,

Serui Laut, Kabuaena, Borai,

Menawi, Kointunai, Dawai,

Randawaya and Warironi. All the

above-mentioned are located in

the Japen District. MMI VIII

Origin Time Manado: North Sulawesi - in

1980 Feb 22 Manado cracks developed in some
03h 51m 46.Os UTC buildings and houses. No one
Epicentre reported killed or injured. MMI VI
1.5 0 N-124.65 0 E
Magnitude: 5.5
Depth: normal

Origin Time Sangihe-Talaud: Noth Salawesi ­

1983 Oct 22 in the Sangihe-Talaud Islands
21h 48m 44.4s urc cracks developed in the walls of
Epicentre buildings. No loss of life was
4.0°N-126.6 0 E reported. MMI V
Magnitude: 4.9
Depth: 118 km

Source Zone 2

This zone comprises 1, the coastal region of west Sumatera

and south Java including the interdeep area; 2, the islands in

the Timor segment (Nusa-Tenggara Timur) and 3, Maluku, Minahassa

and surroundings and Fak-Fak and surroundings.

1. The Coastal region of West Sumatera and South Java

This area includes a small part of the west coast of

Sumatera and the islands west of it, a small part of

southern West Java and those parts of the sea south of

Central Java and West Java.

2. Nusa Tenggara Timur includes Sumba, the southern portion of

Timor and the small islands in the surrounding area.

3. Maluku includes Yamdena, Ceram, Buru, the eastern portion of

114

 Sula, Obi, Halmahera, the southern portion of

Minahassa
(N.

Sulawesi) and the islands in the Gulf of

Tomini and finally

Fak-Fak in West Irian and the areas east of

it, extending

from east to
west. The seismicity of the zone can
be

summarized as below.

In the interdeep area numerous earthquakes have occurred

from the trenches

up to the coast. The frequency of
the

events in some places in the interdeep area is described

below.

a. In the sea areas south of Bengkulu as many as 10.4

events per square degree during 1976-1983.

b. Off the south coast of Bantam as many as 6.4 events

per

square degree.

c. In the surroundings of Siberut as many

as 4.9 events per

square degree.

d. In
the sea areas south of Jogyakarta as many as 4.7

events per square degree.

e. In areas southwest of Banda Aceh as many as 4.5 events

per square degree.

The entire seismic source zone 2 is located in an area of

frequent earth deformation during the last
20,000
years. The

maximum acceleration, as from

the area south of Aceh
to the west

as far as the area south of Sukabumi to the east in

seismic

source zone 2, does not exceed 0.69 g or,

as intensity,
IX MMI,

while its expected maximum maqnitude is 8.5. In the

areas south

of Preangan and south of Central Java the maximum acceleration

does not
exceed 0.33 g or, as intensity, IX MMI,
while its

expected maximum magnitude is of the order of

8.0.

In the Timor segment and Maluku

areas the highest frequency

(values of N) of felt earthquakes is

to be found in
Jamdena

Island and surroundings, as many as 55.0

events per square
degree

during 1976-1983.

Further, the frequency in the area west of this island

and

that east of Wetar is as high as 33.0 events per square

degree.

The frequency
in the lesser Sunda islands, comprising
Bali,

Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba and Flores, is

as high as 8.2
events per

square degree, while in Timor and surroundings it is

2.0 events

per square degree only. All

the islands mentioned
above are

located
in an area of frequent earth deformation during
the last

20,000 years.

The expected maximum magnitude is of the order of 8.0

for

Nusa Tenggara Barat while Java

and Nusa Tenggara
Timur have

experienced earthquakes of 8.5 maximum magnitude. The

expected

maximum acceleration in Nusa Tenggara Timur does not

exceed
0.69

g or, as intensity, X MMI.

115

 Maluku, comprising Seram and the surrounding sea area and

also the western portion of Halmahera, is located in an area of

frequent earth deformation during the last 20,000 years. The

expected maximum magnitude in Central Maluku is of the order of

8.0. The highest b-Value is to be found in Central Maluku where

it is 1.14 and for areas in the Gulf of Tomini 0.90, while for

Nusa Tenggara Timur it is 0.98.

The maximum acceleration in Central Maluku (Zone 2) does not

exceed 0.69 g or, as intensity, X MMI. This figure can be used in

West Irian as from Fak-Fak, Nabire and further eastward (see

seismic zone map). The frequency of the felt earthquakes in Fak-

Fak, Nabire and further eastward cannot be compared with that in

zone 1. Nonetheless this region is located in an area of frequent

earth deformation during the last 20,000 years.

The Java trench running to the south of zone 2 from west to

east bends as from the south of Jamdena Island northward and

comes to an end just at a point north of Ceram.

Due to the subduction of the Indonesian-Australian plate

beneath the Eurasian one, the earthquakes originate more deeply

further to the north.

Earthquakes at a depth of 100 km are therefore observed

along the west coast of Sumatera and the south coast of Java,

while along the north coast of Java a depth of 300 km is observed

and further in the Java Sea a depth of more than 300 km is

detected.

Most of the damage in Sumatera, Java and Nusa Tenggara is

caused by local shallow earthquakes and not by earthquakes

originating along the trenchs or in the interdeep over. More

significant are the N-S trending fractures in Nusa Tenggara

Timur, as there the Indonesian plate (oceanic plate) seems to be

heavier than that east of it, e.g. the Australian plate. It is

thought that the Indonesian plate is descending more rapidly than

the Australian plate.

Destructive Earthquakes in Zone 2 during 1821-1984

-------------------------------------------------------- -------------
Event Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Ambon: Ma I uku - ear thquake

1830 Mar 28 occurred and caused damage to
01h 00m 00s UTC buildings. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Am bon: M a I uku - a l arg e

1835 Nov 01 earthquake occurred and caused

some buildings to collapse; 60

people injured; landslides in the

116
 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

hills were observed. MMI VII-IX

Origin Time Maluku: Earthquake felt at
1837 Jan 21 Saparua, Haruku and on Nusalaut
Island. Damage to buildings and
houses. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Ambon: a moderate earthquake
1841 Dec 16 occurred at Ambon. The earthquake
was accompanied by a tsunami at
•Galaga Bay and Buru Island. The
tsunami caused damage to some
boats. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Gunung Sitoli and Baras: Nias
1843 Jan 05 Island - a strong earthquake
struck Gunungsitoli and Baras.
The shock was followed by a
tsunami, causing damage to some
boats. Ground-slump was observed
too. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Ambon: Some buildings suffered
1858 Nov 09 damage by an earthquake. MMI VI

Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - the quakes

1871 Aug 18 caused some houses to tumble down
in Bengkulu and Tebingtinggi. MMI VI-VII

Origin Time Kajeli: Ceram - a few houses

1876 May 28 suffered damage and a mosque
tumbled down at Kajeli-Ceram
Island - Maluku. MMI VII
Origin Time Timor Island: The quake was also
1896 Apr 18 felt at Alor Island; 250 people
killed and most of the settlement
damaged. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - many houses were

1898 Jan 17 destroyed by this quake. MMI VII

Origin Time Lais: Bengkulu - fall of plaster

1902 Jun 27 and cracks developed in walls. MMI VI
Origin Time Banten: West Java - this quake
1903 Feb 27 felt over Banten; small cracks
developed in walls. MMI VI
Origin Time Atapupu: Timor Island - the quake
1908 Mar 24 strongly felt at Atapupu in

117
 Event Felt I max

North-east Timor. Cracks

developed in the wall of a
fortress; a part of the wall
fell. Damage to buildings was
also done in the Chinese blocks.
Cracks developed in the beach
sands about 25 m long. MMI VII

Origin Time Ambon: Maluku - cracks in walls

1920 May 10 reported at Ambon, Saumlaki and
Banda. The quake itself had its
origin about 1120 km south of
Banda and Irian Jaya. MMI VI

Origin Time Banten: West Java - the shock was

1923 May 12 felt over West Java and South
Epicentre Sumatera as far as Krue. Damage
7.30 S-105.8 0 was done at several places; at
Pelabuhanratu a water tower was
thrown down. MMI VII

Origin Time Bacan Island: Maluku - exact

1925 Jul 24 origin unknown. Strongly felt at
Labuban (Bacan Island) ,
accompanied by a roaring sound;
cupboard overturned, a pendulum
clock fell. MMI VII

Origin Time South Sumatera: Felt over South

1931 Sept 25 Sumatera and west Java and as far
west as Padang. Foundations of
most buildings subsided.
Difficult to walk as a result of
the earthquake. In Kalimantan a
rumbling sound was heard. MMI VII-VII

Origin Time Seram: Moll uce - the origin

1932 Sept 09 seemed to be in Tolehu Bay. A few
Epicentre old buildings collapsed at Wae
3.5°S-128.3 0 E and Tolehu. Ground-slumps and
ground-slides were also reported. MMI VII

Origin Time Banda Aceh: The quake was

1936 Aug 23 strongly felt at Banda Aceh, Lhok
Epicentre Sukon, Lhoksemawe and was
6.1°N-94.7 0 E fol lowed by a number of
aftershocks. Caused damage to
buildings. as a result of the
shocks 9 people said to have
perished, 20 people were badly
injured. MMI VII-VIII

118
 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Origin Time Tomini Gul f: Central Sulawesi -
1938 May 20 the tremor was felt as far east
Epicentre as Kalimantan and as far north as
0.7 0 S-120.3 0 E Kalimantan and as far north as
Gorontalo (Minahassa). The shock
was associated with a tsunami
which swept the sea, causing
serious loss of l ife and
property; 942 houses collapsed
and a few persons were drowned. MMI VIII-IX
Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - the
shock

1938 Aug 18
was felt over West Sumatera,
Epicentre Palembang, Bengkulu and on the
3.8 0 S-102.8 0 E Mentawai Islands. Fall of plaster

and cracks in walls were

reported

at some places in Bengkulu.

MMI VII

Origin Time Flores: Walls were badly cracked

1938 Oct 20 in Flores. Ground-slides at
Epicentre Larantuka.
The quake seemed to

9.2 0 S-123.2 0 E
have aftershocks.
MMI VII

Origin Time
Central Sulawesi: This major
1939 Dec 22 earthquake was
felt over north

Epicentre and
central Sulawesi, East
0-0°S-123.0°E Kalimantan and as far north as
the Su 1 u Islands. Cracks
developed in walls at Gorontalo
and at Langonan; cupboards

overturned and a few people

were

injured. Houses collapsed at

Kalo, Luwuk, Labuba and

on the

Sula Islands. At Mandar and

Meulaboh in Central Sulawesi

houses were shaken.

MMI VIII

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera

-
1941 Oct 11 strongly felt over Tapanuli;
Epicentre slight damage was done at
0.6 0 N-97.6 0 E Sibolga.
MMI VII

Origin Time Gorontalo: North Sulawesi ­

1941 Nov 09 brick/stone buildings collapsed
Epicentre at Gorontalo, Paleleh and Cibawa.

1.4 0 S-121.1 0 E Ground-slumps and land-slides

in

the hills were reported.

MMI VIII

Origin Time Una-Una: Central Sulawesi - felt

1960 Apr 29 over North and Central Sulawesi.

09h 16m 20s UTC Destructive on the

Una-Una

119
 Event
Felt I max

Epicentre
Islands. No lives were lost.
MMI VII-VIII

0
0.5°S-121.5
E

Origin Time
Flores: East Nusatenagara ­
1961 Mar 16 damage in most vi lages in
18h 21m 04s UTC Central Flores; one person
Epicentre killed.
MMI VII-VIII

8.1 0 S-122.3 0 E

Origin Time
Banda Aceh: The earthquake was

1964 Apr 02
the strongest shock ever recorded

01h llm 55s UTC

in this region since that of

Epicentre
August 23, 1936 which caused

5.9 0 N-95.7 0 E
considerable damage to buildings.

Magnitude: 5.2

Depth: 132 km
The quake was most strongly felt

at Banda Aceh where the intensity

was high (VII MMI).

About 30-40% of the brick build­

ings sustained damage. The

village worst hit was Krueng

Raya. MMI VII

Origin Time
Aceh: North Sumatera - the earth­
1967 Apr 12
quake was felt mainly over the

04h 51m 50.2s UTC

eastern coastal areas of Aceh,
Epicentre
being located on alluvial
5.3 0 N-97.3 0 E
deposits and to the south as far
Magnitude: 6.1
as Kisaran. Farther inland the

Depth: 55 km
shock was felt in Takengeun,

situated in the mountainous

region.

No report was received from

places on the west coast of Aceh.

The maximum intensity, about

midway between Lhoseumawe and

Sigli, probably did not exceed

VIII MMI.

The places worst hit were

Jeunieb, Pendada and Jeumpa

Bireun. Damage was done to 5

mosques, 59 brick and wooden

houses which were used for

religious purposes, 11 school

buildings, 5 bridges and about

2000 brick and wooden dwelling

houses.

120

 Event
Felt I max

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Furthermore, earth-slumps rock­

slides, cracks and fissures were

observed over a wide area; mud

and sand erupted from fissures in

soft, water-saturated deposits at

some places.

In Sigli the quake was followed

by an enormous tsunami, Eastern

Aceh is a region of only moderate

earthquake activity as compared,

for example, with the west coast

of Sumatera.
MMI VII

Origin Time
Pelabuhanratu: West Java - in

1973 Nov 26
Pelabuhanratu the quake was felt

08h 51m 12.8s UTC

as Intensity III-IV MMI.

Epicentre

6.8 0 S-106.6 0 E
At Citarik and Cidadap villages,

Magnitude: 4.9
where the intensity was highest,

Depth: 62 km
the only known structural damage

was slight cracks produced in the

walls of old brick buildings and

falling of plaster. Ground cracks

and ground-slides were observed. MMI V

Origin Time
Kotacane: Aceh - cracks occurred
1976 Jun 20
in the wal ls of the local

20h 56m 31.7s UTC

government office building.

Epicentre

3.2 0 N-96.3 0 E
Sibolga: Cracks in walls of the

Magnitude: 6.1
power house bui 1 ding at

Depth: 33 km
Pinangsore Airport. The earth­
quake was also felt by many

people in Banda Aceh and Medan,

but no damage was reported. MMI VII

Origin Time
Sumbawa: East Nusatenggara - the
1977 Aug 19
quake was an under-sea quake and
19h 06m 08s UTC
its epicentre was far from the
Epicentre
land but, due to the tsunami
i1.1 0 S-118.5 0 E
which accompanied it, most of the
Magnitude: 7.0
southern part of the sea coast of
Depth: 33 km
Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Sumba
was damaged. In Kuta-Bali one

person killed and 5 houses

collapsed, 26 boats damaged or

missing. In Lombok 20 persons

killed, 115 houses damaged, 132

boats missing or damaged.

121

 Event
Felt I max

In, Sumbawa 81 people killed, 53

p~ople missing; more than 1000

people lost their property; 63

houses, one school building, one

mosque collapsd and the others

were cracked. The quake also

caused damage to some office

buildings and school buildings

and a mosque and market in

Sumbawa and Bima.

In the whole of Nusatenggara

Island the quake resulted in 107

people killed, 54 people missing,

440 houses damaged/collapsed, 467

boats missing or damaged, 5

school buildings collapsed and 3

teachers' houses damaged. MMI VIII

Origin Time
Bengkulu: Sumatera - the quake

1979 Dec 15
caused damage in Kepahiang and

00h 02m 37s UTC

Curup. No-one killed or injured

Epicentre
by this quake, but many houses

3.5 0 S-102.4 0 E
and building seriously damaged.

Magnitude: 6.6

Depth: 25 km
In Kepahiang, more than 550

houses seriously damaged and in

the Rejang Lebong area around 630

houses also seriously damaged;

many others cracked on walls.

Ground-slides and cracks were

observed. Near Bengkulu, many

houses were shifted from their

foundations and water pipes were

broken. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time
Ambon: Maluku - cracks in walls
1980 Aug 17
developed in some houses in the
09h Olm 58.Os UTC
city of Ambon. No more damage was
Epicentre
observed. MMI V
3.7°S-128.5 0 E

Magnitude: 5.4

Depth: normal

Origin Time
Ruteng: Flores Island - in Ruteng
1982 Aug 06
the quake was strong enough to
20h 40m 52.5s UTC
make people panic and run out
Epicentre
from their houses. No building or
8.35 0 S-120.350 E
house collapsed, but one
Magnitude: 5.6
hospital, one school building and
Depth: 18 km
one government office building

122

 Event Felt I max

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

and some houses were seriously

damaged, and a microwave station

building was slightly damaged.

In Pagal, north of Ruteng, two

school buildings, one church and

2 clinics were slightly damaged,

cracks developed in walls and

plaster fell. Cracks in the

ground were observed. MMI VI-VII

Origin Time
Una-Una: Central Sulawesi - a

1982 Aug 23
small island in Central Sulawesi

16h 46m 34.7s UTC

province was hit by a moderate

Epicentre
earthquake. The walls of several

0.06 0 N-121.23 0 E
houses fell. Cracks developed in

Magnitude: 4.7
walls and plaster fell. No deaths

Depth: 5 km
or injuries were reported. MMI VII

Origin Time
Larantuka: Flores Island - the
1982 Dec 25
quake caused serious damage in

12h 28m 2.7s UTC

Larantuka, Solor and on Adonara

Epicentre
Island in east Nusatenggara

8.4 0 S-123.04 0 E
Province.

Magnitude: 5.1

Depth: normal
Hundreds of houses collapsed and

thousands were slightly damaged,

13 people were killed, 17 injured

and more than 400 slightly

injured.
MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time
Ambon: Maluku - the shock caused
1983 Mar 12
slight damage on Ambon. The quake
00h 53m 36.Os UTC
was accompanied by a tsunami
Epicentre
along the coast of Ambon. MMI VI
4.4 0 S-128.05 0 E

Magnitude: 5.8

Depth: 25 km

Origin Time
Banda Aceh: North Sumatera - the
1983 Apr 04
quake caused both serious and
02h 51m 13.9s UTC
slight damage at Banda Aceh. The
Epicentre
walls of school buildings
5.8 0 -93.27 0 E
collapsed and window panes were
Magnitude: 6.6
broken. Some of the government

Depth: 51 km
buildings, for example the

treasury buildings, TV station

building, one room of the

university building and the

telephone office building, were

damaged.

123
 Event Felt
I max

---------------------------------------------------------------------

In Meulaboh on the west coast of

Aceh one building was slanted. MMI VI

Origin Time Waingapu: Sumba - Nusatenggara -

1983 Oct 31 some bouses around Mauhau Airport
03h 37m 54.5s UTC in Waingapu had cracks in their
Epicentre walls. The quake was felt in
9.55°S-119.09 0 E Ujungpandang and Denpasar (Bali). MMI V
Magnitude: 6.5
Depth: 179 km

Source Zone 3

This zone comprises the western coastal region of Sumatera,

the southern part of Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, the northern

portion of Flores; furthermore from the Banda Sea up to the west

coast of Central Sulawesi, the major portion of Minahassa (N.

Sulawesi) and the eastern part of the Sulawesi Sea area. The

above-mentioned area is located in a region of frequent

deformation during the last 20,000 years, except for the Maluku

area and Central Sulawesi, the area east of Poso and the Sulawesi

Sea area.

The expected maximum acceleration in zone 3 does not exceed

0.33 g or, as intensity, IX MMI and that in the southern part of

Central Sulawesi does not exceed 0.25 g or, as intensity, VII

MMI.

The maximum acceleration in the sea area south of Ceram does

not exceed 0.69 g and is similar to that in Zone 2. The expected

maximum magnitude in Sumatera is of the order of 8.5, while the

b-Value in that area is 0.95; Java has a maximum magnitude of 8.0

and b-Value of 1.09; Nusa Tenggara and Maluku have a maximum

magnitude of 8.5 and b-Value of 1.14; Central Sulawesi has a

maximum magnitude of 7.5 and has an expected maximum magnitude of

5.5.

In the east Sulawesi Se; more earthquakes have been

experienced than in the west Sulawesi Sea, as the east Sulawesi

Sea is closer to the area of deformation, being located west of

Halmahera where numerous earthquakes have been detected. The east

boundaries of earth deformation and that of zone 3 in Sumatera

coincide and it is the same for the boundaries north of zone 3

for Java and Nusa Tenggara, comprising the islands east of Java.

As the zone 4 is not located in an area of earth deformation

during the last 20,000 years, the seismic activity in Sumatera,

Java and Nusa Tenggara seems relatively higher than in zone 4.

The frequency in Zone 3 is similar to that in Zone 2, except

124

in Lampung which has a frequency of 1.5 events per square degree

during 1976-1983. Zone 3 is also to be found in West Irian

extending along the folded zones including Jayawijaya, which is

situated in an area of earth deformation. The expected maximum

magnitude is of the order of 8.5. The frequency for the area

around Mt. Mandala is 16.0 events per square degree for the

period 1976-1983.

The frequency of shal low earthquakes in Zone 3 is relatively

lower than in Zone 2. The maximum acceleration in Zone 3 of West

Irian does not exceed 0.33 g or, as intensity, IX MMI.

Destructive Earthquakes in Zone 3 during 1821-1984

Event Felt I max

Origin Time Bulukumba: In South Sulawesi a

1828 Dec 29 destructive earthquake occurred

and caused servere damage to

buildings; hundreds of people
were killed. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Bengkulu: Sumatera - a severe

1833 Nov 24 earthquake occurred and caused

some buildings to collapse or be

damaged. A tsunami e.as observed.

No further information. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Rogor and Cianjur: West Java - a

1834 Oct 10 violent shock occurred; the

earthquake caused severe damage

to buildings, some of which

collapsed, and cracks in the road

between Bogor and Cianjur. No

deaths or injuries were reported. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Padang: West Sumatera - the

1835 Aug 26 earthquake struck Padang and

caused slight damage to buildings

and cracks in walls. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Bima: Sumbawa - a strong earth­

1837 Nov 28 quake occurred and caused heavy

damage to buildings, some of

which collapsed. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Purworejo: Central Java - a

1840 Jan 04 destructive earthquake occurred

at Purworejo and caused severe

damage to buildings; two

buildings collapsed. This earth­

125

 Event Felt I max

quake was felt at Wonosobo and

caused one building to collapse.
Also felt at Semarang, Demak,
Solotigo and Kendal on the north
coast of Central Java. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Bogor: West Java - a shock was

1843 May 25 felt at Bogor and caused damage
to buildings and houses. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time C ia njur : West Ja va - the

1844 Feb 15 earthquake hit Cianjur on West
Java and caused damage to houses. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Teluk Betung: South Sumatera - an

1852 Jan 09 earthquake tremor was felt in
Teluk Betung and caused damage to
buildings and houses. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Kebumen: Central Java - a

1852 Oct 15 moderate earthquake was felt at
Kebumen. This shock caused cracks
in walls at several buildings and
houses. MMI VI-VII

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - a strong

1852 Nov 26 earthquake was felt at Bandanaira
- Banda Island and caused some
buildings to collapse. The quake
was fol lowed by sea waves
(tsunamis). MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Bogor: West Java - a strong

1852 Dec 20 earthquake caused some buildings
to collapse. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Tulungagung: East Java - an

1859 Jul 05 earthquake occurred and some
buildings and houses suffered
damage. MMI VI

Origin Time Tapanuli and Sibolga: Numerous

1861 Feb 16 houses tumbled down. Tsunami was
observed at Singkil, Nias and
Tello. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Buuleleng: Bali - a moderate

1862 Mar 29 earthquake occurred, causing
cracks in walls, some of which
tumbled down. MMI VII

126
 Event Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - an earth­

1862 Sept 15 quake caused cracks in walls. MMI VI

Origin Time Madiun: East Java - Damage to a

1862 Nov 20 few buildings caused by a rather
severe earthquake. MMI VI

Origin Time Banyumas: Central Java - the

1863 Aug 13 strong eatLhquake caused heavy
damage to a sugar factory. MMI VII

Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central Java - in

1867 Jun 10 Jogyakarta and Surakarta 372
houses collapsed or partially
collapsed, while only 5 persons
lost their lives. MMI ViII-IX

Origin Time Banyumas: Central Java - fissures

1871 Mar 27 in the walls of government
buildings and houses, which were
caused by an earthquake. MKI VI

Origin Time Ciamis: West Java - the walls of

1873 Feb 05 numerous buildings were cracked. MMI VI

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - this

1873 Oct 07 quake caused damage to some
houses and bridges. MMI VI

Origin Time Kedu: Central Java - a rather

1877 Feb 21 strong shock, felt at Kedu and
Wonosobo in Central Java, caused
damage to several buildings. MMI VI

Origin Time Pasuruan: East Java - the quake

1889 Nov 04 caused cracks in walls. MMI VI

Origin Time Negara: Bali - the earthquake

1890 Jul 11 caused three pillars of the
Justice Building to split
horizontally and walls to tumble
down. MMI VII

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - damage to

1890 Nov 23 most of the houses and buildings. MMI VII

Origin Time Lumajang: East Java - the walls

1896 Jul 01 of some houses were split. MMI VI

Origin Time Wlingi: East Java - at Brangah -

1896 Aug 15 Wlingi many public and private

127
 Event Felt I max

buildings/houses damaged. MMI VII

Origin Time Tulungagung: East Java - the

1896 Aug 20 shock caused severe damage to
several Chinese houses. MMI VII

Origin Time Sukabumi: West Java - felt over

1900 Jan 14 Priangan, Bogor and Banten. Most
damage to stone houses occurred
at Sukabumi, but no lives were
lost. MMI VII

Origin Time Sedayu: East Java - ground-slumps

1902 Aug 31 were observed, wal is were
disturbed. A series of after­
shocks felt during the period 26
Sept - 9 Oct, the heaviest one on
August 31, accompanied by a
roaring sound. MMI VI

Origin Time Bandanaira: Maluku - suspended

1903 Feb 14 objects swung and movable objects
were thrown down. MMI V

Origin Time Siri-Siri: West Sumatera - a part

1904 Jul 05 of the pier was destroyed and
sailing boats on the coast of
Siri-Siri sank as a result of the
high waves. MMI VIII

Origin Time Lemo: Central Sulawesi - destruc­

1907 Jul 30 tive at Lemo, where 164 houses
and 49 rice-warehouses collapsed;
shocks were frequently felt until
August 2. Damage to buildings was
also done at Colo, Anja, Olu
Congko and Paku. MMI VIII

Origin Time Rajamandala: Cianjur - cracks

1910 Dec 18 developed in walls at Rajamandala
- Cianjur - West Java. MMI VIII

Origin Time Campaka: Sukabumi - cracks

1912 Jan 21 developed in walls at Campaka -
Sukabumi - West Java. Movable
objects were thrown down. MMI VI

Origin Time Kepahyang: Bengkulu ­ all stone

1914 Jun 26 houses suffered severe damage.
None of the many wooden houses
sustoined damage. Twenty persons

128
 Event Felt I max

were killed and 20 injured. Roads

and bridges were destroyed.
Damage was also done at Lais,
Manna and Seluma. MMI IX

Origin Time Madiun: East Java - nearly all

1915 Dec 01 buildings in the Sudono sugar
estate were cracked. The chimney
of the sugar factory toppled
down. A certain amount of damage
was also done at Maospati and
Magetan. MMI VIII

Origin Time Maos: Central Java - most

1916 Sept 09 destructive took place in and
around Maos. About 340
brick/stone buildings collapsed
completely and many others were
damaged at Maos and Kasugian.
Cracks developed in walls,
ground-slumps were reported.

A few mud or sand craters were

formed where jets of water
spurted through holes or fissures
causing people to panic. Four
hundred houses collapsed in the
Selarang district. Damage to
structures and cracks in the
ground were also found in various
places. School buildings were
among those most generally and
severely damaged, due in
considerable part to unsuitable
design for resistance to shaking.
The major destruction, however,
was in a mcre thickly settled
district, where unfavourable
geological conditions and poor
structural work increased the
damage. MMI IX

Origin Time Bali: Ground-slumps and ground­

1917 Jan 21 slides were observed at various
places. Many houses suffered
damage and about 1500 people were
killed due to ground-slides. MMI IX

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera -

1921 Apr 01 epicentre tract occupied a narrow
belt aligned north west-south

129
 Event Felt I max

east running for some 80 km from

Pangurusan to Tarutung. The area
worst hit was the region
southwest of Lake Toba.

Buildings and bridges collapsed

at Sipoholon; furthermore ground­
slides and ground-slumps were
reported.

The quake also felt as far as

Sabang, Penang and Gunung Sitoli. MMI IX

Origin Time Maos: Central. Java - the shock

1923 May 15 was felt intensively over western
Epicentre Central Java. Destructive effects
7.7 0 S-109.2 0 E were particularly pronounced in
and around Maos. MMI IX

Origin Time Central Java: The centre was

1924 Nov 12 located in a mountainous region.
Epicentre Damage was generally caused by
7.3 0 S-109.8 0 E ground-slides. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Wonosobo: Central Java - the

1924 Dec 02 quake seemed to be preceded by
Epicentre foreshocks. Destructive at
7.3 0 S-109.9 0 E Wonosobo and damage was also done
to stone buildings outside
Wonosobo. Approximately 2250
houses collapsed and in some
villages most damage was caused
by ground-slides. Altogether
about 727 people were killed. The
quake loss was estimated by the
local authorities at about 61,000
guilders. MMI IX

Origin Time Singkarak: West Sumatera -

1926 Jun 28 destructive around Lake
Epicentre Singkarak; Sijungjung, Muarabungo
0.7°S-100.6°E and Alahan Panjang suffered
damage. The quake was followed by
a train of aftershocks. These
tremors were generally felt
intensively over West Sumatera
and in particular at
Padangpanjang. A part of Lake
Singkarak subsided and many
p~ople were injured. MMI IX

130
 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Prupuk: Central Java - destruc­

1926 Dec 13 tive at Prupuk and Margasari;
minor damage at Dubuktengah,
Kaligayan, Wonosari, Danurejo,
Jembayat, Pakulaut and Kalisosok.
A few people were injured. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Bali: Exact origin was unknown.

1930 Apr 27 Damage was done in south Bali by
a moderate tremor. Walls were
cracked at Denpasar and Tabanan,
earth fissures in t,*e ground
occurred at Benoa. The shock was
also felt over East Java. MMI V

Origin Time Bumiayu: Central Java - in

1931 Jan 21 general, damage was confined
Epicentre" mostly to older structures or
7.3 0 S-108.9 0 E buildings of poor materials and
poor construction. MMI VIII

Origin Time South Sumatera: The quake seemed

1933 Jun 25 to have been followed by a number
Epicentre of aftershocks. Damage to
5.0°S-104.2 0 E structures over the western part
of south Sumatera. Gaping
fissures and subsidences in the
ground were observed along an
imaginary line connecting
Kotaagung with Makaka, crossing
the Barisan mountain range (Bukit
Barisan). MMI VIII-IX
Origin Time South Tapanuli: Sumatera -
1934 Sept 21 generally felt violently.
Epicentre Pendulum clock stopped; doors and
1.0 0 N-99.0°E windows rattled. Cracks developed
in walls, roofs of some houses
ruined. MMI VII

Origin Time Batu Island: North Sumatera -

1935 Dec 28 damage on Batu Island. Two mud
Epicentre islets, Bola and Sigata, were
0.3°S-97.9°E thrown up by the shock. At Padang
cracks developed in walls. Trees
and telephone poles swayed. A few
buildings collapsed at Sibolga. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time East Java: Exact origin unknown.

1936 Mar 01 Damage was generally done in
Central and East Java. The shock

131
 Event Felt I max

was also felt over Bali and

southeast Kalimantan. MMI VII

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - the

l'36 Sept 09 quake caused minor damage at
Epicentre Medan and it was felt as far east
3.5 0 N-97.5 0 E as Malaysia. The most destructive
effects of the quake were
confined to the Karo region; 17
people were kil led due to land­
slides in the hills. Numerous
cracks appeared in the ground
between Kutacane and kabanjahe. A
certain amount of damage at
Parapat, Brastagi, and Tanjung
Putri. Cracks developed in walls
at langkat. MMI VIII

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - the

1936 Oct 27 quake was felt over Tapanuli,
Epicentre West Sumatera and also locally in
0.2 0 S-98.8 0 E East Sumatera. At various places
slight damage to structures and
ground-slumps were reported. MMI VII

Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central Java - felt

1937 Sept 27 as far east as eastern Lombok. In
Epicentre general, south Central Java was
8.7 0 S-ii0.8 0 E badly damaged and slight cracks
in walls were fround in East
Java. The region of greatest
destruction in Jogyakarta
Province.

At Klumpit one house was torn

apart, one person reported
killed.

At Prambanan 326 brick/stone

houses collapsed. At Klaten 2200
houses sustained damage; at
various places underground
pipelines were broken. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Banda: Maluku - the shock was

1938 Feb 02 felt in the Banda and Kei
5.0°S-134.5 0 E islands.

At Tual glassware was broken, a

pendulum clock stopped. On Banda
Island and also on Kei Island

132
 Event Felt I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

great damage was caused by

tsumanis. MMI VII

Origin Time
Bali: As a result of the shock,

1938 Oct 30
cracks appeared in walls and the

Epicentre
principal mosque was badly

8.9 0 -115.8 0 E
damaged at Sakara. MMI VII

Origin Time
Jogyakarta: Central Java - the

1943 Jul 23
disturbance was most intense

Epicentre
along the south coast of Central

8.6 0 S-109.9 0 E
J a v a, between Garut and

Surakarta, a distance of about

250 km. The deaths of 213 people

have been reported and about 2096

persons were seriously injured;

approximately 2800 houses were

damaged. MMI VIII

Origin Time
Bima: Sumabawa - felt over South

1954 Nov 02
Sulawesi, Lombok and Flores.

08h 24m 54s UTC

Ground-slumps and rock-slides
Epicentre
were caused by the earthquake in
8.0°S-119.0°E
northeast Sumbawa. Bima and Raba

Magnitude: 6.75
suffered most damage. Nearly all

brick/stone houses were cracked

and some collapsed completely.

Two buildings made of reinforced

concrete did not sustain any

damage. The pier of Bima harbour

was bent outward. A small

Customs house seemed to be

displaced over a distance of

about 0.5 m. No lives were lost. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time
Malang: East Java - seriously
1958 Oct 20
damaged houses in the Malang
01h 12m 30s UTC area. Earth fissures at various
Epicentre
places and land slides in the
9.5 0 S-112.5°E
mountainous regions. Eight
Magnitude: 6.7
persons lost their lives. MMI VII-VIII
Depth: 100 km

Origin Time
Tulungagung: East Java - the
1960 Oct 10
quake was strongly felt at
21h 44m 40s UTC
Tulungagung, where people were
Epicentre
awakened by creaking of buildings
8.0°S-112.5 0 E
and where plaster cracked and
fell. The shock was felt as far

west as Baturetno in Surakarta

and as far east as Tanggul in

133

 Event Felt I max

Besuki. This earthquake was

widely felt in southern East Java

over an area of about 15,000

square km. MMT VI-VII

Origin Time
Campur darat: East Java - damage
1961 May 07
to brick buildings at Campur

04h 32m 05s UTC

darat and Kebonagung Tulung

Epicentre
agung. Reports indicated that the

8.5 0 S-122.0°E
macroseismic area extended as far

west as Banyumas, Central Java

and as far east as Besuki in East

Java. Evidence indicated that the

tremor had a maximum intensity of

VII in the immediate vicinity of

the centre.

The shock also felt at Jatisrana

- Surakarta, Klaten, Maos, Malang

and Klakah. To the north the

macroseismic area was limited by

the mountain range :endeng;

however some places like Demak

and Watubelah to the north of the

mountain range felt this tremor

as Intensity II. The great

macroseismic extent suggested

that the quake was deep-seated.

In the vicinity of the centre

slight damage was caused to old

structures made of bricks bonded

with lime mortar. MMI VI-VII

Origin Time
Wlingi: East Java - cracks in
1962 Dec 21
walls in southern East Java. The
0Oh 44m 19.7s UTC
shock was felt as far east as the
Epicentre
Island of Bali. A moderate tremor
9.0°S-112.2 0 E
was fe 1 t in W1 i ng i and
Magnitude:
neighbouring places in Kediri and
Depth: 64 km
also felt in most places in the
Madiun area. A large number of
people in buildings in madiun and
Kediri felt the quake and its
intensity was high enough to
cause some panic in public
places, such as schools and
markets. Macroseismic and
instrumental data indicated that

the tremor was of tectonic nature

and deep-focused. MMI VI

134

 Event Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time
Ponorogo: East Java - the earth­
1963 Jun 27
quake caused slight damage in
llh 46m 58s UTC
Ponorogo. The shock was felt in
Epicentre
central and eastern Java. The
08.3 0 S-1l2.2 0
E
westernmost place was Jogyakarta
Magnitude:
and to the cast, Besuki, which
Depth: 180 km
detected the tremor; both places
reported Intensity II. MMI IV-V

Origin Time
Labuan: West Java - the earth­
1963 Dec 16
quake caused slight damage in

02h 45m 35s UTC

Labuan where cracks developed in

Epicentre
walls.

06.2 0 S-105.4 0 E

Magnitude: 5.0
A large number of people felt the

Depth: 55 km
quake and ils intensity was high

enough to cause some panic among

the people in Jakarta; however no

damage was reported by this

shock.

The seismograph of the Meteorolo­

gical Service was out of order.

The shock was felt as far east as

Tasikmalaya as Intensity II and

as far west as Kotabumi in South

Sumatera as Intensity II.

The shock was also felt in most

places in Priangan as Intensity

II-III. MMI V

Origin Time
North Maluku: A rumbling sound

1965 Jan 25
was heard at Sanana Coastal

12h 02m 51.4s UTC

villages destroyed and 5 persons

2.6 0 S-126.1 0 E
reported killed, due to a

Magnitude: 6.3
tsunami. MMI VII

Depth: 33 km

Origin Time
Malang: East Java - the place
1967 Feb 19
worst hit was Dampit, a district
22h 14m 55s UTC
situated just to the south of

Epicentre
M a 1 a n g ; a c c o r d i n g to

8.5 0 S-113.5 0 E
questionnaire reports, 1539

Magnitude: 6.2
buildings were wrecked, 14 people

Depth: 80 km
were killed, 72 people were

injured. Next to Dampit was

Gondang where, according to a

report, 9 people were killed, 49

people were injured, 119

buildings collapsed completely

135

 Event
Felt I max

and another 402 buildings were

cracked. 5 mosques were ruined.
Attention should also be drawn to
Trenggalek where 33 wooden houses
were reported cracked and some
houses have been moved slightly.

In Besuki, the easternmost

district of East Java, the
intensity was of the order of III
to VI MMI; in Tanggul buildings
sustained slight damage only.

The shock was felt to the west as

far as Banyumas (Cilacap); to the
north a chain of hills in western
East Java form a sort of barrier
to the propagation of seismic
waves. No report was received
about a tsunami. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time
Tinambung: South Sulawesi - the
1967 Apr 11
tremor was felt over a wide area.
05h 09m lls UTC
The area worst hit covered the
Epicentre
coastal lowlands extending from
03.7 0 S-119.3 0 E
Campalagian to Tinambung. A high
Magnitude: 4.9
tsunami was generated during the
Depth: 51 km
main shock causing serious loss
of life and property in coastal
villages; 58 people were reported
killed by the collapse of brick
buildings, about 100 people were
injured, 13 people were drowned
in the sea or missing.

Fissures were local in nature and

might have been due to the loose
formation of the soil in that
area. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time
Tambu: Central Sulawesi -
1968 Aug 14
generally along the west coast of
22h 14m 15s UTC
the northern part of central
Epicentre
Sulawesi an increase of high
0.7 0 N-119.8 0 E
waves was noticed shortly after
Magnitude: 6.0
the main shock, in particular in
Depth: 23 km
Tambu Bay; the wave height in
Tambu was about 8 to 10 metres
and might have reached some
coconut-tree tops; the waves
swept further inland, to about

136
 Event Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

100-300 metres from the coast.

Most of the beach of the inner

part of Tambu Bay is under sea

water; slumps, with surface trace

of faulting and hot springs in

several places were observed.

Loss of life and considerable

damage were chiefly caused by the

tsunami along the coast of Mapaga

(200 people killed and missing,

790 wooden houses wrecked).

In Tambu 7 wooden houses on

pillars have been moved in a

northwesterly direction.

In Sabang a roaring sound was

reported.

Small island of Tuguan is

uninhabited and is still intact.

The main shock seemed to be

followed by aftershocks and one

of those was shallow (11 km). A

report from Central Sulawesi

about a sound that was also heard

in Tambu on October 19, 1968

would strengthen the report of

the presence of the shallow

earthquake which was detected at

0.1 0 N-119.8 0 E in Mapaga Bay. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Majene: South Sulawesi - this

1969 Feb 23 quake killed 64 peoale, 97 others
00h 36m 55.6s UTC were injured and about .287 man-
Epicentre made structures were wrecked
03.1 0 S-118.5 0 E including mosques which
Magnitude: 6.1 completely collapsed due to poor
Depth: 13 km construction. The place worst hit
was Majene.

Eighty percent of the brick

buildings sustained serious

damage; some of them completely

collapsed.

The pier of the harbour was

cracked in several places

possiBly due to a subsidence of

137

 Event
Felt
I max

---------------------------------------------- ---------------------
the submarine surface just

outside the harbour; gaping

cracks, about 50 m long, caused

three brick buildings serious

damage; the centre market

completely collapsed resulting in

several deaths and severe

property damage.

Campalagian and Wonomulyo,

located on alluvium and respec­

tively about 30 km and 50 km east

of Majene, also sustained

structural damage.

General wooden houses were able

to resist the shaking and much of

the damage there was caused by

the collapse of unreinforced

concrete walIs. A tsunami

generated by the quake struck the

coastal villages north of Majene.

The wave height reached about 4 m

at Paletoang and 1.5 m at

Parasanga and Pilili.

The construction in the villages

was principally wood frame and,

due to their location at the end

of a bay, the wooden houses were

swept away the tsunami. In these

coastal places banana trees were

almost totally destroyed. Damage

to the mosque was probably due to

the fact that the old structures

were made of brick without

reinforcing iron rods.

Several bridges were damaged in

this narrow lowland plain.

Between Somba and Parasanga great

blocks of Neogene marls and tuffs

tumbled down and in some places

the road was buries by these

blocks.

Also from the edge of the raised

coral reefs greater and smaller

parts were loosened and tumbled

down onto the beach.

138

 Event Felt I max

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Fissures were also observed at

several places. People

interviewed said a roaring sound

was heard coming from the sea.

The shock was felt as far south

as Ujungpandang. MMI VIII

Origin Time
Sukabumi: West Ja v a - a

1969 Nov 02
relatively strong earthquake was

18h 53m 6.6s UTC

felt in southern West Java.

6.5 0 S-107. l°E

Magnitude: 5.4
In the Bogor area suspended

Depth: 57 km
objects swung as a result of the
shocks; in Campaka, where the

intensity was highest, the only

known structural damage was

cracks produced in the walls of

some badly constructed buildings.

The shock was also slightly felt

in Jakarta. In the south Bogor

area an aftershock seemed to be

felt one hour later. IA Sukabumi

a poorly-constructed brick

building was reported collapsed

as a result of this earthquake. MMI V

Origin Time
Sibolga: North Sumatera - damage

1971 Feb 04
to brick buildings developed in

15h 33m 22s GMT

Pasaman, Natal, Pinangsore,

Epicentre
Sibolga and Pasir Ulu estate.

0.6°N-98.8°E

Magnitude: 6.3
Fissures were observed in Sibolga

Depth: normal
and hot springs developed in

Tarutung. The shock was generally

felt in various places in the

eastern part of north Sumatera

and as far east as Singapore. No

loss of life was reported from

this earthquake. MMI V-VI

Origin Time
Mamuju: South Sulawesi - the

1972 Sept 06
quake rocked the Mamuju area in

08h 00m 25.3s UTC

the northwestern part of south

Epicentre
Sulawesi. Only slight damage to

2.5°S-119.1 0 E
brick buildings resulted from the

Magnitude: 5.8
tremor. The quake was preceded by

Depth: 36 km
a roaring sound similar to that

of a bomb. The shock was felt as

far south as Majene. MMI IV

139

 Event
Felt I max

Origin Time
East Java: Southern Blitar -

1972 Nov 04
Trenggalek area experienced an

21h 36m 54.Os

earthquake at 04h 36m L.T. in the

Epicentre
morning.

8.4°S-i12.2
0 E

Magnitude: 6.0
Gandusari reported a fairly
Depth: 126 km
strong shock as Intensity V-VI
MMI. The tremor caused cracks in
the walls of brick buildings and
a great number of people were
awakened from sleep. The shock
was felt as far as the Jogyakarta
- Surakarta border and this far­
extended felt area strengthened
the view that the shock was
deeper than normal. MMI V-VT

Origin Time
Sumedang: West Java - at 21h 47m
1972 Dec 19
L.T. on December 1 9 th, 1972 the

14h 47m 00.Os UTC

Sumedang area experienced a

Epicentre
tremor of moderate strength which

06.9 0 S-107.8 0 E
was slightly shallower than

Magnitude: 4.5
normal, as indicated by the small

Depth:
area affected. The quake caused

very shallow
slight damage to old brick

buildings and panic among the

people.

In Cibunar, Rancakaleng and

Pasaribu villages the intensity

was IV MMI.

In Sindang village the same quake

was felt as V MMI; ground-slides

and ground fissures were

observed. MMI V

Origin Time
Banten: West Java - this quake

1974 Nov 09
caused people to awaken. In

19h 10m 55.2s UTC

Leuwiliang, southern Banten, one

Epicentre
stone building collapsed and

6.5 0 S-105.3 0 E
cracks developed in the walls of

Magnitude: 6.1
some houses. The shock was felt

Depth: 51 km
as far as Lampung and Pringsewu

in South Sumatera and also in

Jakarta by some people. MMI VI

Origin Time
Banda Island: Maluku - heavy
1975 Jan 15
damage at Bandanaira, 81 houses
09h 42m 24s UTC
seriously damaged, 4 houses
Epicentre
moderately damaged and 2 houses

140

 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------
5.0°S-130.0°E
slightly damaged. The earthquake

Magnitude: 5.9
was followed by a tsunami.
MMI VII

Depth: normal

Origin Time
The shock felt by many people in

1975 Mar 05
Sanana - Sulu Island at
01.30 UTC

00h 22m 23s UTC

for 8 seconds and at 02.24 UTC

Epicentre
for 1.5 seconds. Cracks in walls

02.4 0 S-126.1 0 E
and plaster falling. The earth­
Magnitude: 6.5
quake was followed by a tsunami.

Depth: normal
The height of sea water was
about

1.20 m; it reached the road in

Sanana, and caused people to

panic. No persons killed.

MMI VI

Origin Time
Kupang: Timor Island - the walls

1975 Jul 30
of many houses fell, cracks in

09h 17m ll.6s UTC

walls, plaster fell. No damage
to

Epicentre
buildings or houses
of good

9.9°S-123.9°E
construction. The earthquake
was

Magnitude: 6.1
followed by
a sound like thunder

Depth: 30-50 km
from the ground.
MMI VII

Origin Time
Purwokerto: Almost everyone was

1976 Feb 14
awakened from sleep due to the

20h 31m 49s UTC

earthquake and
the sounds from

Epicentre
the buildings/houses. The shock

7.2°S-109.3°E
was
also felt at Ajibarang

Magnitude: 6.1
Kedungbanteng,
Tegal, Brebes,

Depth: 30-50 km
Pekalongan, Magelang and

Semarang. No damage reported.

MMI IV

Origin Time
Bime, Eipomek, Nalca and Okbad
in

1976 Jun 25
Irian Jaya: Severe damage

19h 18m 55.5s UTC

occurred in Langda, Ambon, Japil,

Epicentre
Oksibil.
Due to the lack of

4.6°S-139.8°E
transport and communications no

Magnitude: 7.0
complete report available.
MMI VIII

Depth: 33 km

Origin Time
Seririt and Busungbiru: 90% brick

1976 Jul 14
buildings and houses collapsed.

07h 13m 22s UTC

In Tabanan and Jembrana more than

Epicentre
75% buildings and houses severely

8.2°S-i14.9°E
damaged. 559
people killed, 850

Magnitude: 6.2
people seriously injured and more

Depth: normal
than 3200 injured.
MMI VIII

Origin Time
Nalca: Bime - 62 people killed.

1976 Oct 29

02h 51m Ols UTC

Langda: 46 people killed.

141

 Event
Felt I max

Epicentre
The wooden houses of native
4.7 0 S-140.2 0 E
people which were built on the

Magnitude: 6.0
slope, collapsed and were buried

Depth: 30-50 km
by a landslide, but the wooden

houses which were built on the

flat ground suffered no damage. MMI VIII

Origin Time
Bangli: Bali - this relatively

1977 Jan 26 strong quake was felt in Bangli

13h llm 29.5s UTC and surroundings. In Kayubihi

Epicentre
vi l lage cracks were produced in

8.25 0 S-115.3 0 E
the wal Is of one semi-permanent

Magnitude: 5.0
school buildings; a monument and

Depth: normal
temple collapsed. About 90% of
houses damaged.

In Banjar Antugan Jehem village

more than 80% of buildings and

houses cracked.

Ground-slides and cracks in the

ground were observed in the
Melangit River, about 500 m
eastward of Kayubihi and Antugan.
No killed or injured reported. MMI VI

Origin Time
Pasaman: West Sumatera - in
1977 Mar 08
Sinurut the quake caused serious
23h 17m 29s UTC
damage to 737 houses, one market,
Epicentre
7 school buildings, 8 mosques
0.4 0 N-99.7 0 E
also damaged. Almost all wooden
Magnitude: 6.0
houses in that area were slanted

Depth: normal
and shifted from their
foundations. Cracks in the ground

5-75 cm wide were observed. The

quake was felt at Padang and

Padangpanjang with intensity of

III MMI. No killed or injured

reported. MMI VIII

Origin Time
Marapi: West Sumatera - the quake

1979 Apr 28
caused cracks in some houses in
03h 29m 55.5s UTC
Pinangsore - Sibolga. The shock
Epicentre
a l s o f e I t i n P a d a n g,
0.70-99.5°E Padangpanjang, B u k itt i ngg ,
Magnitude: 5.7
Batusangkar and caused people to
Depth: normal
panic. Two days after, at
midnight on April 30, the Marapi

disaster occurred, because

materials such as stones and soil

crashed down from the top and

142
 Event
Felt
I max

---------------------------------------------------------------------

slopes of the mountain. The

m~terials from Marapi washed away

everything and resulted in 64

people killed, 9 people missing,

193 houses collapsed, 42 bridges

damaged, 138 dam and irrigation

schemes destroyed, 34 cattle

killed. The disaster might have

been caused not only by the quake

but also by the heavy rain in

Marapi and the surrounding

district.
MMI V

Origin Time Lombok: Nusatenggara - in Tanjung

1979 May 30 many

houses and buildings

09h 38m 53s UTC collapsed, especially the poorly

Epicentre designed
structures and old

8.21°S-115.95 0 E houses/buildings. Some people

Magnitude: 6.1
kil led and injured. Other

Depth: 25 km affected
areas were Buyan,

Gangga, Kediri, Cakranegara

Narmada, where many buildings and

houses were also seriously

damaged and some even collapsed.

Two mosques in Narmada and

Cakranegara suffered moderate

damage, cracks developed in their

walls.

The tower of the mosque in Kediri

cracked.

In Ampenan and Mataram the quake

caused
only slight damage to

houses/buildings. In fact the

damage to houses/buildings was

due to old or poor construction. MMI VIII-IX

Origin Time Karangasem: Bali - the quake

1979 Oct 20 caused moderate damage to build­
01h 41m 09s UTC ings and houses in Karangasem,
Epicentre Ampenen,
and Mataram on Lombok

8.25°S-116.0°E
Island, eastward of Bali.
MMI VI

Magnitude: 5.8

Depth: normal

Origin Time Taslkmalaya: West Java

- in

1979 Nov 02 Tasikmalaya and surroundings the

15h 53m 2.6s UTC quake caused 163 houses and

Epicentre buildings to collapse;

1430

8.6 0 S-107.8 0 E houses were seriously damaged;

143
 Event
Felt I max

Magnitude: 6.4
one meeting hall and 24 school
Depth: 64 km
buildings were damaged, 3 mosques
collapsed and 29 were seriously
damaged; 159 news-stand were
severely damaged.

In Garut most old and poorly

constructed stone houses
collapsed; many permanent houses
had cracks in walls. 10 people
killed, 12 seriously injured.
Cracks in the ground in an east­
west direction were observed. The
quake was accompanied by a
roaring sound from under the
ground. Abnormal sea tides were
observed 2 days before the quake
occurred in Pameungpeuk. MMI VII

Origin Time
Karangasem: Bali - in Karangasem
1979 Dec 17
this earthquake killed 5 persons,
19h 58m 26s UTC
seriously injured 34 and slightly
Epicentre
injured 250. Some houses
8.4 0 S-115.8 0 E
collapsed, some were seriously
Magnitude: 5.0
damaged, many slightly damaged.
Depth: 28 km

In Abang, 17 people killed, 9

seriously injured, 300 slightly
injured. Some houses collapsed,
others seriously or slightly
damaged.

In Culik many houses collapsed.

In Kubu, one person killed, 2

persons seriously injured and 18
slightly injured. Most buildings
seriously or slightly damaged,
but no building collapsed.

In Bebandem, one person killed, 2

seriously injured and 4 slightly
injured. Buildings and houses
seriously or slightly damaged.
Cracks in the road and land were
observed along 0.5 km. MMI VI-VIII

Origin Time
Tasikmalaya: West Java - in
1.980 Apr 16
Singaparna many houses had cracks
l.h 18m 19s UTC
in wal Is but in Tasikmalaya
EIicentre
itself only some houses were

144
 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------

8.25°S-108.8 0 E cracked.
Magnitude: 6.4
Depth: normal In Garut and surroundings the
poorly constructed houses had
cracks in wal Is, also in the
d i st r i ct of Sukawening,
Pasanggrahan, Jamberea, Caringin
etc. many cracks developed in
wal is.

In the Singajaya district 10

elementary school buildings
slanted.

The quake also caused cracks in

houses in Cilacap, Central Java.

The shocks were felt in Bandung

at Intensity III. MMI V-VI

Origin Time Karanganyar: Central Java - the

1981 Jan 01 quake shook Karanganyar and
02h 09m 52s UTC surroundings and caused slight
Epicentre damage to some houses. MMI VI
7.7 0 S-Iii.0°E
Magnitude: 6.0
Depth: shallow

Origin Time Jogyakarta: Central. Java - the

1981 Mar 13 shock was felt in Jogyakarta and
23h 22m 35s UTC caused small cracks in the walls
Epicentre of the Ambarukmo Hotel. No other
8.95°S-ii0.4 0 E buildings or houses damaged. MMI VII
Magnitude: 6.0
Depth: normal

Origin Time Sukabumi: West Java - the quake

1982 Feb 10 was felt in some places in the
09h 17m 50.2s UTC Sukabumi and Bogor areas. The
Epicentre shock caused serious or slight
7.0S-106.9°E damage to many houses and
Magnitude: 5.3 bui ldings and 4 people were
Depth: 25 km injured. No loss of life. MMI VII

Origin Time Toli-Toli: Central Sulawesi -

1983 Oct 16 according to the news in the
05h 32m 24.8s UTC Kompas newspaper, on October 21,
Epicentre 1983 the quake caused 20 houses
1.48°N-121.01°E in Toli-Toli to collapse and 15
Magnitude: 5.9 aboringine's houses were
Depth: 46 km seriously damaged. MMI VI

145
 Felt I max
Event

Origin Time Central Sulawesi: The quake was

1983 Oct 25 strong enough to cause 2 people
00h 36m 19.4s UTC killed, 4 injured and 24
Epicentre houses to be seriously damaged,
1.6°N-120.8°E of which 20 collapsed.
Magnitude: 6.0
Depth: 50 km The shock was also felt in Palu,
the capital of Central Sulawesi
Province. MMI VII

Origin Time Mamuju: Central Sulawesi - this

1984 Jan 08 quake killed 2 persons, seriously
15h 24m 14.4s UTC injured 5, slightly injured 84.
Epicentre
2.94°S-118.73 0 E I n the affected area 15
Magnitude: 5.9 government office buildings, 23
Depth: 95 km government houses, 31 school
buildings, one clinic, one news­
stand seriously damaged and about
16 government office buildings,
12 government houses, 14 school
buildings and two clinics
slightly damaged. Besides this
above-mentioned damage, 213 local
people's houses, 4 shops, 18
mosques and one church were
seriously damaged and 321
people's houses, 4 shops, 13
mosques and 1 church were
slightly damaged. Ground-slumps
were observed in Tapalang. The
shock was also accompanied by a
tsunami. MMI VII

Origin Time Pahae Jae - Tapanuli: North

1984 Aug 27 Sumatera - in Sarula, three
06h 41m 25.5s uTC elementary school buildings and
Epicentre one junior high school building
0
1.5 0 N-98.94 E col lapsed, one senior high school
Magnitude: 4.8 building was seriously damaged
Depth: 53 km and the school caretaker's house
shifted 30 cm from its
foundations. Cracks developed in
the walls of the local authority
office, post office building,
clinic.

In Perdamaian and Selangkitang

villages two Elementary School
buildings partly collapsed.

146
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - -

Event Felt I max

Ground-sl ides were observed. On

the road between Tarutung and

Padangsidempuan cracks in the

ground developed and sulphurous

gas was emitted.

In Pinangsori-Sibolga small

cracks developed in the walls of

houses.

The quake was felt as far as

Gunung Siloli on Nias Island,

Rantau Prapat and Balige (Toba

Lake).

According to the news, the shock

was also felt along the west

coast of Malaysia. MMI VIII

Source Zone 4

This zone comprises the middle of Sumatera from N to S, the

northern portion of Java, including the southern part of the Java

Sea area, the Flores Sea as far east as the south or Sulawesi, a

small portion of the Banda Sea, South Sulawesi, the Makassar

Strait, the eastern coastal region of Kalimantan and the northern

part of the Sulawesi Sea.

Zone 4 is also to be found in southern West Irian forming a

narrow belt that is bounded to the north by foldings (Jayawijaya

Mountain).

The expected maximum acceleration in Zone 4 does not exceed

0.25 g or, as intensity, VIII MMI. In general Zone 4 is located

outside an area of earth deformation during the last 20,000 years

except for S. Sulawesi and the northern part of the Makasar

Strait.

The frequency in Z,,tj 4 is similar to that i n Zone 3 except

in Lampong and north Bait~am which have a frequency as high as 1.5

events per square degree for the period 1976-1983. The frequency

in the area north of East Java and Nusa Tenggara Barat reaches

2.9 events per square degree.

147

 Destructive Earthquakes in Zone 4 during 1821-1984

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Event Felt
I max

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Origin Time Jepara: Central Java - the earth-

1821 Dec 25 quake was felt at Jepara and
reported as VI-VII on the MMI
scale. MMI VII

Origin Time Batavia/Jakarta: Shocks caused

1833 Jan 28 damage to buildings and cracked
05h 00m 00s walls.No deaths or injuries were
reported. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Mojokerto: East Java - at
1836 Mar 22 Mojokerto, about 60 km west of
Surabaya, a shock occurred and
caused damage and loss of
property. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Cirebon: West Java - a moderate
1853 Nov 30 earthquake was felt and caused
cracks in walls. No further
information. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Semarang: Central Java - an
1856 Jan 19 earthquake was felt at Semarang
and caused cracks in walls. MMI VII-VIII
Origin Time Karawang: West Java - a rather
1862 May 24 severe shock was felt at
Karawang, West Java, where walls
of some houses were fissi-red. MMI VI
Origin Time Banyubiru: Central Java - some
1865 Jul 17 buildings and houses suffered
considered damage caused by an
earthquake. MMI VII

Origin Time Ambarawa: Central Java - because

1866 Apr 22 of an earthquake, walls of some
houses and barracks were
fissured. MMI VI
Origin Time Salatiga: Central 3ava - a rather
1872 Oct 10 strong shock felt at Salatiga
caused fissures in walls. MMI VI
Origin 'Time Mandailing: North Sumatera - many
1873 Aug 19 houses were damaged, due to the
earthquake. MMI VI

148
 Event
Felt
I max

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Origin Time Kuningan: West Java - the quake
1875 Oct 25 was felt at Kuningan, Sumedang
and Manonjaya. 628 houses damaged
and seven people killed. MMI VII-VIII

Origin Time Pati: Central Java - this quake

1890 Dec 12 also felt at Juwana; caused many
houses to fall. Several people
killed and injured. MMI VIII
Origin Time Prapat: North Sumatera - the
1892 May 17 shock caused severe damage to
three buildings. MMI VI
Origin Time Sangkulirang: East Kalimantan -
1921 May 14 damage at Sangkulirang and more
intense on the islands of
Rending, Kariorang and Sekuran.
Houses collapsed and gaping
fissures were observed. The shock
was associated with a tsunami
which swept the sea, causing
considerable damage at Sekuran. MMI VIII
Origin Time Tarakan: East Kalimantan - the
1923 Apr 19 earthquake was recorded by
sensitive seismographs all over
the world. The shock was strongly
felt at Tarakan about 140 km
north of the centre and was
fol lowed by a number of
aftershocks. Brick buildings
collapsed, cracks developed in
the gr und, and streams were
affected. The kitchen of a house
seemed to be displaced over a
distance of about 1 m toward the
west. Structures on solid ground
suffered little damage. MMI VIII

Origin Time East Kalimantan: the tremor was

1924 Apr 13 generally felt at several places
Epicentre in East Kalimantan and as far
0.3°N-118.2 0 E north as the island of Tarakan,
it was followed by aftershocks.
As a result of the main shock,
seven houses collapsed. MMI VII
Origin Time Tarakan: East Kalimantan - the
1925 Feb 14 exact otigin was unknown, but the
shock was strongly felt at

149
 Event
Felt I max

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Tarakan and Lungkas and it was

preceded by a rumbling sound. MMI VII

Origin Time Donggala: Central Sulawesi - a

1927 Dec 01 major earthquake caused damage to
Epicentre buildings at Donggala, Borowaru
0.5 0 S-119.5 0 E and neighbouring places. Earth
fissures and subsidences in the
ground were reported. The damage
was mainly confined the Palu Bay
area. A tsunami was observed that
caused seLious loss of life and
property in coastal villages.
About 5U people sustained
injuried and 50 died. MMI VII

Origin Time Sanana: Molluca - aftershocks

1936 Oct 19 were also felt on Sula Island.
Epicentre Movable objects were overthrown
2.0°S-126.0°E and a rumbling sound was hearO.

At Sanana, 24 houses collapsed,

great fissures appeared in the
ground close to the market.

At Wai Ipa, 14 houses were

damaged and at Wai Iau 2
buildings sustained considerable
damage. MMI VIII

Origin Time Central Java: Fall of plaster and

1939 Jun 27 small cracks in wal is in the
Epicentre Cirebou Residency. More damage
6.9 0 S-108.5 0 E was done at Sodomnantra, Japara
and Manis Kidul. MMI VII

Origin Time East Java, Kembang and Surabaya

1939 Aug 11 were rocked; suspended objects
Epicentre swung. A brick building collapsed
6.5 0 S-112.4 0 E at Brondong. MMI VII

Origin Time East Java: Destructive in and

1950 Jun 19 around Gresik. Felt slightly in
12h 36m 54s UTC South Kalimantan and as far west
Epicentre as West Java. MMI VII
6.2 0 S-112.5 0 E

Origin Time Tapanuli: North Sumatera - at

1965 Jul 25 Sarula and Onang Hasang in
03h 40m 40.4s GMT Tapanuli the intensity reached
Epicentre VII MMI; damage to brick

150

 Event
Felt
I max

2.0°N-99.3 0 E
buildings and ground-slumps were

Magnitude: 5.3 observed.

MMI VII

Depth: 98 km

Origin Time Bantar Kawung: Central Java - the

1971 Jun 16 shock was generally felt in

14h 44m 22.5s western Central Java. The place

Epicentre
worst hit was Buaran, about 6 km
7.2 0 S-109.1 0 E
west of Bumiayu; further, in

Magnitude:
5.2 Bantar Kawung and Jipang,

Depth: 35 km respectively some 12 and 17

km

west of Bumiayu, most brick

buildings suffered considerable

damage.

In the affected area 1377 build­

ings sustained damage; wooden

houses generally resisted shaking

but some poorly constructed

buildings slanted toward east or

west and some collapsed

completely. Despite this only one

person was reported killed and 6

injured,. The damage might have

been due to old structures made

of brick which are not wel l

cemented
and are without

reinforcing iron rods. The

unconsolidated river deposits may

largely be responsible.
MMI VII-VIII

Scurce Zone 5

This zone comprises the eastern coastal region

of Sumatera

including the sea

area east of it, a part of the Java Sea

extending from west

to east and central Kalimantan extending from

south to north.

Zone 5 is also to be found in a sea area east of S.E.

Sulawesi and in S.W. Irian, extending from east to west just

to

the north of Merauke.

The expected maximum acceleration in Zone 5 does not

exceed

0.20 g or, as intensity, VIi

MMI. The expected maximum magnitude
in Zone 5 has occurred in Sumatera, namely magnitude 8.3, in the
Java Sea magnitude 8.0, while in central Kalimantan, S. Sulawesi

and S.E. Sulawesi it is magnitude 7.5; further, in

the sea area

east of S.E. Sulawesi it is magnitude 5.5 and in West Irian 8.5.

151

 Zone 5 is situated outside an area of earth deformation

during the last 20,000 years and in this area earthquakes have

occurred sparsely.

Source Zone 6

This zone is more or less stable, although this area has

always experienced small events sparsely. Zone 6 comprises the

sea area east of Sumatera (S. China Sea) or the Sunda shelf, west

Kalimantan and the Sahul shelf (Arafuru Sea) including the

southernmost portion of West Irian. This zone is located outside

an area of earth deformation during the last 20,000 years and has

never experienced shallow earthquakes of magnitude greater than

6.0 during 1897-1984.

This means that this area has never suffered significant

damage caused by earthquakes.

The expected maximum acceleration in Zone 6 does not exceed

0.13 g or, as intensity, VI MMI.

Conclusions

This report deals with the study of earth uake source zones

in Indonesia bounded by latitudes 10ON to 15 S and longitudes

90 0 E to 145 0 E.

This region is divided into 6 seismic source zones ranging

from zone 1, which is the most seismically active up to zone 6

which can be described as a stable one. The above-mentioned zones

include also a part of Malaysia and Brunei Darusalam, plus a

portion of the Philippines and Papua New Guinea.

The boundaries of the above-mentioned zones are nearly

similar to those of the seismic zones for building contruction.

However, due to the results revealed by recent seismic and

tectonic data, some modification is necessary.

Modification has been taking place in the interdeep area

south of Java, in the sea area west of Sumba, in the sea area

south of Ceram, in the northern oart of south Sulawesi and in the

northernmost of Sulawesi.

Two figures have therefore been made available for the areas

mentioned above and one figure only for the remaining part.

Correlation of the damaging earthquakes for the period 1821­

1984, shows that no disasters (damage by earthquakes) have

occurred in zone 5 or zone 6 but only in zones 1 to 4.

152

 REFERENCES

B. Gutenberg and C.F. Richter, Seismicity of the Earth.

Becca Carter Hollings & Ferner Ltd., Seismic Zones for Building

Construction in Indonesia.

J.A. Katil li
and R. Soetardijo, 1970, Neotectonics and Seismic

Zones of Indonesia

Meteorological and Geophysical

Agency, Felt Earthquakes in the

Indonesian Region during 1921-1959.

R. Soetadi, Seismic Zones

in Indonesia.

R. Soetadi and R. Soetardijo, Field Observations on the Effects

of the Tinambung Earthquake of April 11, 1967.

R. Soetadi and Soekarman, Preliminary notes on the Atjeh

Earthquake of April 2, 1964.

Sukarman, Destructive Earthquakes in Indonesia.

Sulaeman Ismail,
Energy Release and Frequency of Earthqpakes in

Indonesia during 1900-1978.

Sulaeman
Ismail, Maximum Acceleration and Frequency of

Earthquakes in Tndonesia.

Warren Hamilton, Tectonics of the Indonesian Region.

153

 sefljDA-q PUD SjDflbqjJD3 wflw[XDAJ

LDd~
j0 apflPUDAJ 8I44 6Ui4DJ~sflII DISOUOpUJ 40 sonUf 3Diuojo94owsS Iod!Oul~d .-A!
(aP!S UfAOILjLUMOC alDo!PUI S PLL) 0;
60 1 0
 °
°
°

9d 95 1000 1050 i10 °

11i 12C
° ° ° °
125 130 135' 140 15

I 1.Frequent Earth Deformation

in the Last 20,000 Years
10 [lfl2 Frequent Earth Deformation

in the Last 250,000 Years SV

1f3. Frequent Earth Deformation
in the Lost 2-3 Million Years
s5
S

Fig. 2 Quaternary Tectonic Zones in Indonesia

 uoil3fl4suoo buippel jol sauoZ 3!ws!9S 9- 6 14

I-'T
U.10
0
9
301o0 21 0091 OGZI 0 0zl l 09 011 0901 ~ 000 096 06
 90 0 95 100 1050 110 f150 120 0 1250 1300 1350 1400 145°E

N~
o0 I o °

~00o o

0 •)pp2 0

0 ;119 0 0
0 009

0 199 13 09 3• 1 5
101 vN' 0%1Z 0

10Z 0 0 ( 30
So oo ,0
l~~lgQ- 0 00 C"­
30 00z 194 m 2
OL :15 1antd 0. 00 to09Rche c
150 16 0 Mantd
0. to7.

Fi. ajrShlowErtquks nInoesa181984 (h = 0-6 km

£861- 9L61 buiinp aaj6;9( aJDnbS jad SONDnbqlJD3 418.j 10 Aouanbaij g.­
s
0I
 ° ° ° °
N 0900 95 0 1000 105 010 0 115 0120 °
0 125 0 ° ° o
130 0 135 0 140 0 145 OE

00

54

to°
9.

5 _ ___ - -- - - • .- -

155

5 Infr~quentsbl
AraSmall Earthquakes

Fig. 6 Seismic Source Zones in Indonesia

 PART D

SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE INDONESIAN REGION

 PART D SEISMOTECTONICS OF THE INDONESIAN REGION

Introduction

The Indonesian region is one of the most seismically active

zones of the earth; at the same time it has a leading position

from the point of view of active and potentially active.

volcanoes. It is a typical island-arc structure with its

characteristic physiographic features, such as a deep oceanic

trench, a geanticline belt, a volcanic inner arc and a marginal

basin.

In most subduction zones, motion of the subducted plate is

nearly perpendicular to the trench axis. In some cases, for

example Sumatera, where the motion is oblique to the axis, a

strike-slip fault zone is seen, and is lying parallel to

the

volcanic chain.

In the subduction zone southwest of Sumatera, the Sunda

trench axis strikes approximately N 37 0 W. The Indian Ocean crust

is moving in an azimuth of approximately N 23 0

E rel tive to

Southeast Asia, giving an angle of obliquity of 600. Eastern

Indonesia, forming the southeastern extremity of the Southeast

Asian lithospheric plate, crushed between the northward-moving

Indo-Australian and the westward-moving Pacific plates, is

certainly the most )mplex active tectdnic zone on earth. The

rate of subduction is some centimetres per year; for example, it

is 6.0 cm per year in the West Java Trench at 0°-c 97 0 E (azimuth;

23); 4.9 cm per year in the East Java Trench at 12 0 S 120 0 E

(azimuth; 190); and 10.7 cm per year in New Guinea at 3 0 S 142 0 E

(azimuth; 750)

Frequent volcanic eruptions and frequent earthquake shocks

testify to the active tectonic processes which are currently in

progress in response to the continued movement of these mdjor

plates. The distribution of small ocean basins, continental

fragments, remnants of ancient magmatic arcs and numerous

subduction complexes which make up the Indonesian region indicate

that the past history of the region was equal ly tectonical ly

active.

The purpose of this work is to make a new contribution to

the knowledge of the seismotectonics of Indonesia and to identify

those aspects of the seismology and geotectonics which should be

the subject of future research.

Sumatera

Seismotectonic Significance of the Sumatera Islands

Katili (1981) suggested that the oldest rocks known are of

Permo-Carboniferous age. During this time the area was occupied

by an elongated sea-basin, in which a thick sequence of bathyal

161

and neritic sediments was deposited, and at the same time

volcanic activity started in the area. The extrusion of andesitic

lavas continued until late Permian.

At the beginning of Triassic time, volcanic activity became

very weak and during the late Triassic came to a complete

standstill. Sedimentation continued undisturbed into the

Triassic.

An introductory phase to the later orogenic movement may

have started immediately after Triassic time (possibly in the

Jurassic), with the intrusion which can now be found in sills and

dykes in the Triassic deposits.

The main phase of folding took place in the Middle

Cretaceous when the complete sequence of pre-Tertiary pelitic

rocks was thrown into mainly isoclinal folds. This folding was

accompanied by emplacement of granitic and granodiorite rocks,

changing the pelitic rocks and volcanic tuffs adjacent to the

contacts into gneisses.

After an uplift in late Cretaceous time the area was

strongly attacked by erosion and a considerable thickness of

sediments disappeared. Few Jurassic or Cretaceous deposits

survive in Sumatera. It is quite possible that a part of the area

had already risen above sea level shortly after the deposition of

the Triassic rocks.

The Eocene was a period of denudation of the Barisan

mountain system, which, as has been stated earlier, was folded

during late Cretaceous time (Proto-Barisan). Due to tensional

forces acting on top of the Proto-Barisan geanticlinal system, a

longitudinal graben (Sumatera fault zone) came into bieing along

the entire length of Sumatera. During the Oligocene, the Proto-

Barisan range disappeared slowly below sea-level. In several

places, but particularly in the south of the Proto-Barisan range,

volcanic activity started.

In Middle Miocene time the Barisan geanticline was uplifted

for the second time. In the fore-deep, which was situated in the

present non-volcanic outer arc, folding and thrusting took place

simultaneously, affecting the Early to Middle Tertiary sediments.

It is remarkable that the sediments in the subsiding trough of

eastern Sumatera (East Sumateran Basin) on the other side of the

Barisan Ridge were hardly affected by this intra-Miocene

orogenesis. In the East Sumateran Basin, sedimentation continued

from Oligo-Miocene to Quaternary times.

The Miocene was followed by a period of quiet development,

especially in the northern part of the Sunda region.

The Pleistocene period in Indonesia was characterized by

powerful mountain-building. In some areas the orogenic movements

started in Pliocene time and in many parts continued into

Holocene and recent times. In Lower Pleistocene time or probably

162

 earlier, horizontal movements

of a dextral character
commenced

along
the entire length of Sumatera, affecting the
combined

Mesozoic and Miocene fola

systems and the existing
graben

structures.
The same tectonic conditions which produced
the

wrench-faults was also responsible

for the moderate folding
of

the East Sumateran Basin.

Seismicity

Shallow seismicity prevails within the axis of the trench

and the volcanic belt; shallow, plus intermediate, seismicity

touches
the line of volcanoes. Disregarding these two particular

cases as well as
the Krakatau region, the volcanic
chain in

general is
almost perfectly aseismic, which corresponds
well to

the explanation given in the previous section. No deep seismicity

is present in Sumatera. This suggests

that the penetration
of the

oceanic lithosphere in the area west of the Sunda Strait,

that

is, on the island of Sumatera by no means

exceeds 300 km
measured

vertically from the surface.

The seismic pattern here (Bengkulu area and adjacent area)

is again very simple. A large shock of M

= 8.1 is known
near the
plate boundary, but a little oceanward of
active centre with
a maximum value of
23,610
{, tho created an

erq (Hedervari

and Papp, 1980).

The Krakatau area appears to be one of

the most important

regions within
the middle Indonesian arc. Hedervari

and papp

(1980) suggested that no fewer

than four very
powerful

earthquakes took place on

the two opposite sides of the
Sunda

Strait, very near Krakatau (M

= 7.0 and M = 7.5 for which
h, the
focal depth, was less than 70 km;
one shock with M = 7.0,
h = 80
km and another one with M = 7.2, h = 75 km). In addition
to
these, southeast of Krakatau there occurred
a shock
with a

Richter magnitude of 8.1 and focal depth less than 70

km, and

from northeast of Krakatau Hedervari & Papp (1980) know of two

very deep shocks (M = 7.5, h = 600 km and M = 7.1, h =
600 km).
They suggest the concentration of
so many strong earthquakes,
and

particularly the
four on the two opposite sides of
the Sunda

Strait, very near the extraordinarily active volcano of

Krakatau

(Anak Krakatau) indicates that

the Sunda Strait is undergoing

great tectonic stresses

which are related to the clockwise

rotation 6f Sumatera, and which are

reflected both
in the

present-day seismicity and

the very vigorous volcanism.

Huchon and Le Pichon (19??) propose that the northwestward

motion of the southwest Sumatera block along

the Sumatera
fault

zone, away from the northeast Sumatera

and West Java blocks,
has

resulted in the formation of

the Sunda Strait by extension.

163

 Java

Seismotectonic Significance of Java Island

The modern structural belts of onshore and offshore Sumatera

trend southeastward and inflect abrupty to eastward between

Sumatera and Java. The major morphostructural units can be

recognized along the margin of Java. However, the outer

arc

ridge, interpreted as the summit of the accretionary prism, is

developed off Java. The westernmost part of Java Island, called

the Banten block, belongs, geologically speaking, to Sumatera.

Based on a reconnaissance survey made by Huchon (198?) on the

west coast of West Java, it seems that little deformation

occurred in this area, except uplift.

Java presents many contrasts with Sumatera. The accretionary

prism is less devcloped off Java than off Sumatera, where the

sedimentary influx coming from the Bengal deep-sea fan, (Curray

and Moore, 1974) is greater. The young volcanic rocks are

markedly more mafic in average composition than are those of

Sumatera. The basement formation within the Java area consists of

various igneous and metamorphic rocks. The basement complex has

been rigidified since the end of the Cretaceous. This orogenesis

has furthermore accentuated metamorphism, folding and faulting.

At the beginning of the Tertiary, block faulting with

differential subsidence took place which thus gave its

topographical appearance to the pre-Tertiary basement. These

movements continued until the mid-Miocene which was then dying

out. In Plio-Pleistocene time the main folding phase took place

which mainly affected the younger Tertiary formations.

The basement rocks of Java that are exposed consist of a

melange of Late Cre-aceous or very Early Tertiary age. No

indication of old continental crust exists.

Melange that involves Upper Cretaceous and Palaeocene

sediments is exposed in three small areas south of the mid-line

of Java, namely; the Lok Ulo area, the Jivo Hil is, central Java,

and Ciletuh in the :;outhwest corner Java (West Java). The Lok Ulo

melange complex is exposed beneath a folded cover of shallow

water and continental sediments, dated roughly within the Eocene.

A large muss ,l polymict melange is thrust over coherently

deformed sedimentary rocks. The quartz porphyry, anomalous here
in ) melange terrain, nay owe its presence to melting caused by
s<ubduction beneath the, wedge of the very young hot indian Ocean
(Marshal and Karig, 19/).

The Jivo l I- melange consists of varied green schist,

amphibolite, phyl lite, slate, quarzite, limestone, radiolarian

limestone, radiolarian chert, and serpentine, all contorted and

highly sheared. Overlying strata are middle and upper Eocene

marls and limestone.

164

 The Ciletuh melange consists schist, phyllite, peridotite,

gabbro and basalt, all variously altered and sheared. Deformed

upper Eocene and younger clastic rocks overlie these crystalline

rocks.

Palaeogene sedimentary rocks are exposed in small areas on

top of these melange terrains and elsewhere near the south edge

of the modern volcanic belt, in southwestern and southcentral

Java. An arc of Eocene and Oligocene volcanic islands is widely

assumed to have been present in medial or southern Java. The

volcanic rocks or submarine volcanic rocks assigned to the

Palaeogene by the early mappers are the "Old Andesites".

The belt of active calc-alkalic volcanoes is supperimposed

upon older volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, which are

intercalated with Oligocene and Neogene sediments and are

intruded by small plutonic masses of similar composition. The

main magmatic belt lay in about its present position during most

of Miocene and Pliocene time, but during the late Oligocene and

Early Miocene it lay closer to what is now the south coast.

Kalimantan

Seismotectonic Significance of Kalimantan

The pre-Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in Kalimantan were

deposited in a fore-arc environment and a volcanic facies has

been recognized in west Kalimantan consisting of intensely

altered basic effusives, associated with, cherts. This

association suggests the existence of an arc facing north during

the Carboniferous-Permain.

In Palawan in the southern Philippines, basement rocks

consist of highly deformed Permian sediments and volcanics

intruded by Cretaceous granitic rocks. Presumably these basement

rocks were derived from Indo-China or from South China and, as a

volcanic arc existed in Permo-Carnoniferous time in Kalimantan,

these basement rocks of Palawan are not related to the rocks of

similar age in Kalimantan.

Hartono (1984) suggested that Kalimantan is assumed to lie

on the eastward extension of the Bentong Raub suture from

Peninsular Malaysia through Biliton. As in Peninsular Malaysia,

the collision in Kalimantan is not as prominent as in Thailand;

moreover in South Kalimantan the collision zone is buried beneath

a tectonic superstructure.

Hamilton (1978) interpreted the widely distributed

ophiolites and associated rocks in east Kalimantan as melange

resulting from subduction of oceanic crust from the east. This

melange is associated with silicic volcanic and granitic rocks in

southwest Kalimantan which probably formed an island arc. The

granitic intrusions assisted the cratonization process in

Kalimantan.

165

 Haile and others (1977), from palaeomagnetic and radiometric

data, concluded that west Kalimantan and the Malay Peninsula have

behaved as
a craton since Cretaceous time. Kalimantan has rotated

500 anti-clockwise, so that at its inception the arc was less

curved than it is now.

Extensional tectonics off Indo-China

and South China moved

the oceanic crust southward to oe subducted under Kalimantan.

This process started in the Early Tertiary and ceased before the

Pliocene in Kalimantan, but continues at present in the Manila

Trench. It is manifested in Kalimantan by Eocene melange and

accompanying fore-arc sediments. During the Neogene, fore-arc

sediments were
deposited in Serawak and also intermediate and

basic volcanic rocks were erupted in the interior of Kalimantan.

Almost the whole of Kalimantan is aseismic - this is a

cratonic area - except the northeast coast of the island where

a
sole shallow shock of M = 7.0 took place and therefore a small
active centre came into being.

Sulawesi

Tectonic Significance of Sulawesi

Sulawesi and its surroundings consist of three main tectonic

units, namely the

eastern arc or province, which is characterized

by thrust tectonics associated with the emplacement of an

ophiolite-metamorphic suite,
the western arc or province, which

displays normal folding in a sequence of Mesozoic to Tertiary

metamorphics, sediments and volcanics intruded by plutonic rocks

of acid and intermediate composition, and the Banggai-Sula

Province which is characterized by a basement complex of

Carboniferous metamorphic and Permo-Triassic plutonic rocks,

overlain by a Mesozoic continental-derived sedimentary sucession

containing ammonites, belemnites and pelecypods. Southwest

Sulawesi is located at the southern end of the latter arc. It can

be divided into two north-trending mountain chains, called the

Western Divide Mountains and Bone Mountains. These converge in

the southern tip of the peninsula and form there a mountain

landscape, dominated by the inactive Lompobatang Volcano. The

area between both mountain chains is occupied by the Valley of

the Welanae River, a graben-like structure that is known as the

Walanae or Central Depression. This structure forms part of

a

major N to NW trending fault zone. In the north a marked

depression filled with Quaternary sediments extends from the

mouth of the Sungai (River) Sadang on the west coast, through

Danau Tempe and the Neogene Singkang basin to the east coast.

This depression appears structurally to separate southwest

Sulawesi from the rest of the western arc. In the Sadang River

area, the structure lineament is known as the Sadang fault zone.

The relation of the eastern to the western part of Sulawesi

has been the subject of speculation, because the geology of the

eastern part differs greatly from that of the west.

166

Palaeomagnetic results
from Jurassic to Early Cretaceous

radiolarian cherts in the southwest arm indicate that these

cherts formed within 30 of the equator, and that SW Sulawesi then

lay close to its present position relative to west Kalimantan and

the Malay Peninsula, and that these three areas probably formed

part of the same plate, which has rotated some 300 to 400

anticlockwise since the Jurassic

(Haile, 1978). Similar cherts

were sampled from one exposure in the east arm, and the direction

of magnetization shows an inclination relative to the bedding

plane equivalent to a palaeo-latitude of 420, consistent with a

derivation of the east arm from

higher latitudes than the

southwest arm derives from. Results from

the Late Cretaceous of

northwest central Sulawesi (Sasajima, et al., 1978; 1980b) show

140 anticlockwise rotation, with inclinations of 320, equivalent

to a palaeo-latitude 160 of present; Sasajima's sites are east

of

the Palu Fault, along which east Sulawesi may have moved north,

which could explain the discrepancy in inclination between this

site and the Jurassic - Early Cretaceous site of Haile.

For sites in Tertiary igneous rock, (two of sills, one of

tuff, one of lava) believed to be late Cainozoic, give a mean

direction near that of

the present field or along this direction

but in a reversed sense, indicating that the southwest arm was

complete by the time these rocks formed.

Tectonic Development

Late Cretaceous

The tectonic development of the western and eastern Sulawesi

Provinces is closely related to the tectonic development of the

Banggai-Sula Province. During the late Cretaceous,

a thick

sequence of flysch-type sediments was deposited in broad areas

along the western Sulawesi Province.

These flysch-type sediments are unconformably underlain by

the melange complex in

the south part and by a metamorphic

complex basement in the central and north parts. The sediments

are commonly associated with lavas and pyroclastics, indicating

that this rock association derived from volcanic island

arcs and

was deposited in a fore-arc basin area.

At the same time the region of the eastern Sulawesi Province

developed as a deep-sea basin, in which pelagic sediments have

been deposited since Jurassic time on the ophiolite basement. It

is very possible that the Cretaceous deep-sea basin in the

eastern Sulawesi Province was separated by a trench from the

western Sulawesi Province. The trench was possibly the surface

appearance of a westerly-dipping subduction zone, in which the

Wasuponda melange accumulated. The subduction initiated magmatism

along the western Sulawesi Province. The metamorphic rocks

occurring along the western part of the eastern Sulawesi

Province

are believed to
have formed during this Cretaceous subduction.

167

 By contrast, the Banggai-Sula Province was part of a

continental shelf from the Early Mesozoic, in which Late Triassic

to Cretaceous clastics were deposited.

The core or basement of the continent consists of

Carboniferous metamorphic and Permo-Triassic plutonics.

Palaeogene

Development of flysch-type sediments in the western Sulawesi

Province terminated in the southern part, while in the northern

part it continued until Eocene time. Volcanoes were locally

active during the Palaeocene in the south and during the Eocene

in the central and north. Depusition of thick carbonate rocks

occurred in large areas of the south during the Eocene to

Miocene, indicating that this part of the area was a stable

shelf.

Since the Palaeocene, the eastern Sulawesi Province would

appear to have been shoaling the shallow water carbonates were

deposited in this environment. Deposition of carbonate rocks in

this area continued up to the Lower Miocene.

In the western part of the Banggai-Sula Province a thick

sequence of carbonates intercalating with clastics was deposited

widely until the Middle Miocene.

The westerly-dipping subduction zone which commenced from

the Cretaceous 'produced the early volcanics in the western

Sulawesi Province and a shoaling process of the sea in the

eastern Sulawesi Province as wall as in the Banggai-Sula

Province.

Neogene

The wide distribution of volcanic products indicates that

strong volcanism recurred from the Middle Miocene in the western

Sulawesi Province. The volcanic rocks were initially deposited in

a submarine environment and then locally became terrestrial in

the Pliocene. The volcanism terminated in the Lower Quaternary in

the south but continued until recent times in the northern part

of the province.

Strong magmatism in the western Sulawesi Province during the

Middle Miocene was apparently coincident with the squeezing

process of the rocks within the eastern Sulawesi Province, due to

the westward movement of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent. This

tectonic episode uplifted and thrust most of the material within

the eastern Sulawesi Province. The metamorphic rocks were thrust

westward into the western Sulwes Province; likewise, the

ophiolite rocks were also thrust and imbricated with associated

rocks possibly including the melange, but in the opposite

direction, namely, eastwards into the Mesozoic and Palaeogene

168

 sediments of the .Banggai-Sula Province.

During the uplifting of

the whole region of Sulawesi which

commenced from the Middle Miocene,

block faulting was initiated

in various places to form graben-like basins. In Pliocene

time

the whole region was subjected to block faulting and the

major

fault, and the subsequent movement, initiated the present

morphology of Sulawesi
Island. This tectonic event produced
a

shal low and narrow marine basin in somQ parts of the region
and

some isolated basins

inland. Coarse clastic rocks
were deposited

in these basins and formed the so-cal led

Sulawesi molasse.

The Middle Miocene tectonic event also bent

the western

Sulawesi Province into its present curved form and exposed

the

metamorphics within
the neck of the island.

Seismicity in Sulawesi

Seismicity in the eastern

arc and in the Banggai-Sula

Province is much less

intense than that beneath the Molucca Sea.

Almost half of the earthquakes recorded in these areas

occurred
in a narrow zone at shallow and intermediate depths

beneath the
eastern half of the Gorontalo Basin.
These

earthquakes define a north-dipping zone which apparently shallows

towards the east arm of Sulawesi from a maximum depth of

about

180 km at the equator (R. McCaffrey et al., 1983). The top

of the

zone of hypocentres appears

to dip away from the east
arm at

about 250, becoming vertical

at depths greater than 60
km. in

general the distribution of earthquakes from the

local survey
is

similar to teleseismic locations (Cardwell et al., 1980),

with

the significant exception of

the appearance of shallowing towards

the east arm.

The distr-bution of teleseismically located

earthquakes hinus only vaguely at

shallowing to the south
and

does not suggest that the seismic zone

approaches the surface
of

the earth near thp east arm.

In the light of the ambiguity surrounding the relation

between the shallow earthquakes beneath the east arm and

the

intermediate-depth activity beneath the central

Gorontalo
Basin,

R. McCaffrey et al., (1980) propose

two interpretations.
The

first is that the two

zones are unrelated and the appearance
of

continuity between them is

fortuitouq. In this case the
shallow

seismicity to the south may be due

to deformation related
to
the

collision of the Banggai Islands with the east

arm and the deeper

activity occurs
within the southern edge of the Mollucca
Sea

plate throisting westward beneath the north arm and the Sangihe

Island arc.

The second, and perhaps more interesting, interpretation

is

that the zone of seismicity seen in the local

survey data dipping

to the north from the east arm occurs within a single slab
of

lithosphere connecting the Banggai Islands block

to the Molucca

Sea plate. The projection of

the trend defined by the earthquake

169

foci intersect the surface of the earth in the central part of

the Poh Head region of the east arm at the Batui thrust. The

Batui thrust has been observed in the east arm and offshore in

reflection profiles by Silver (1981) and is interpreted as being

the site of the underthrusting of the Banggai Islands block

beneath the east arm ophiolite and southern Gorontalo Basin

crust.

The obvious inference is then drawn that the possibly

continuous slab dipping

to the north beneath the Gorontalo Basin

was once the leading edge of the Banggai-Sula Islands complex and

was subducted beneath the east arm and the Gorontalo Basin prior

to the arrival of the Banggai Islands into the trench system.

Talaud

Tectonic Significance of the Talaud Islands

Silver and Moore (1978) have already described the

structural contacts between the deformed rocks of

the Molucca Sea

and the volcanic aprons of the Halmahera and Sangihe arcs. The

contacts appear along the troughs adjacent to the volcanic arcs.

Most of the seismic reflection profiles across the troughs

indicate thrust contacts where deformed rocks are thrust on

to

the volcanic aprons. The deformed rocks in the east are thrust on

to the Halmahera arc whereas in the west they are thrust onto the

Sangihe arc. The reflection profiles between thrust contacts in

the Molucca Sea show virtually no structural resolution within

the Talaud-Tifore ridge. Judging from the exposures on the

islands along the Talaud-Tifore ridge and rocks dredged from

submarine ridge, it has been interpreted that the acoustically

irresolvable terrane probably consists of tectonic melange.

This tectonic melange is composed of highly deformed

material of low average density (2.2 - 2.4 gm/cc) and sound
velocity (3.5 km/s) and is thrusting over the adjacent arcs along
the east Sangihe and Halmahera thrust (Silver, 1981).

An oceanic microplate, which Sukamto (1979) proposes to call

the Molucca microplate, has been present in the Molucca Sea since

Middle Tertiary time, possibly Oligocene, bounded by

approximately northward trending arc - trench systems. This

microplate was subducted westward and subsequently produced the

Sangihe volcanic arc along the extensional fractures within the

upwards bending plate above the subduction zone. The Sangihe is a

part of the plutono-volcanic arc of western Sulawesi Province

where a strong volcanism is indicated by wide distribution of

Miocene-Pliocene volcanics.

Possibly volcanism in the Sangihe arc started in Late

Oligocene time. From the east another microplate that Sukamto

(1979) calls the Halmahera microplate, was subducted westward

underneath the Molucca microplate and produced the Talaud-Tifore
volcanics along the extensional fracture above the subduction

170

 zone.

Volcanism in the Talaud-Tifore arc possibly started in

the

Middle Tertiary as
indicated by the andesitic-basaltic volcanics

that are startigraphically older

than the Middle Miocene
Pliocene sediments.
Melange wedges occurred in the troughs
to

east

of the Sangihe arc as well as east of the Talaud-Tifore arc.

Volcanism in the Sangihe arc has continued until

the
time, but in the Talaud-Tifore arc it has decreased rapidlypresent

since

the Middle Miocene and become totally dormant in the

Pliocene. As
the Molucca and Halmahera microplates collided Late

and

the subduction process terminated, it is assumed that the

active

Halmahera microplate was

bent upwards. The bending and rupturing

of the Halmahera microplate affected the volcanic and

melange

rocks that occurred in

the Talaud-Tifore
arc trench
system.

Squeezing within the melanges and thrusting within the

volcanics

occurred in this stage, possibly during the Middle Miocene.

the next stage imbricated thrusts occurred at
the frontal in

part of

the bending plate. In relation to this encroachment process,

of the oceanic materials and the volcanics broke up into part

slabs

and injected into the melange mass. The volcanism in the

Tifore arc was possibly still active in
the northern area Talaud-

during

the Late to Middle Pliocene as

indicated by the occurrence
of

volcanics on
the Miangas and Keratung islands. In the
present

stage the slabs of ophiolite and volcanic rocks are

exposed,

together with the melange mass

in the Talaud Islands.

Timor

Seismotectonics of Timor and the. Surrounding Area

Fitch & Hamilton (1974) proposed that Timor

can be regarded

as a chaotic complex of imbricated and mainly allochthonous

rocks

and
melange derived from Australia's continental margin
the collision and formation of an
outer
arc ridge within during

the

subduction zone and

the Timor Trough as a shallow subduction

trench. Carter & others

(1976) viewed the geology as representing

a deformed Australian continental margin, overthrust

from the

north by several allochthonous units. Crostella

(1977)

interpreted
the Timor rocks without the requirement
of a

continental collision. The Timor Tertiary orogenies occurred

in
a

geosynclinal trough along the northwest margin of Australia.

Chamalaun & Grady (1978) suggested that, prior to a mid-Miocene

collision, all the Timor rocks belonged

to the Australian

continental lithosphere, separated from the previously

subducted

oceanic lithosphere, giving rise to the

Late Pliocene to
recent

uplift of Timor by isostatic rebound.

Johnstone & Bowin (1981) viewed the Kolbano unit, which

is

found along the south coast of Timor, as ranging from

Cretaceous to Early Pliocene.
It is folded recumbently the

and

contains many
thrusts and imbricate faults. Carter
&
others

(1976) interpreted the Kolbano

unit as having been scraped
from

171

oceanic crust and imbricated into an acretionary prism prior to

the continental collision.

The Late Miocene Bobonaro olistostrome is widespread on

Timor, having been emplaced as a huge gravity slide that moved

from north to south. It consists of exotics within a clay matrix.

The exotics, which range from pre-Permian to Late Miocene, have

been derived from all the underlying continental rocks on Timor

(Carter & others, 1976).

Audley-Charles (1980) proposed that the clay was derived

from submarine weathering of volcanic ash.

The Viqueque group represents the most recent sedimentary

sequence on Timor. It overlies the Bobonaro olistostrome and is

Late Miocene to recent. The calcilutite sediments which make up

the bulk of this formation suggest a deep water depositional

environment during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene.

During the Late Miocene, the Bobonaro olistostrome began to

develop, when Timor tilted sharply to the south in response to

the onset of rapid subduction along the eastern end of the

Indcnesian subducticn zone. On the southern edge of this

subduction zone, sediments were scraped from descending

Cretaceous oceanic crust and incorporated into the olistostrome.

For the remainder of the Miocene and the Early Pliocene, almost

all the Timor rocks formed part of an outer arc ridge or basin

associated with an oceanic subduction zone. The Batu Puti

limestone and the foil - Toko formation were deposited in this

subduction zone as outer-arc basin, outer-arc ridge, or inner­
slope basin sediments.

Prior to the mid-Pliocene, the Kolbano unit developed as an

accretionary wedge of oceanic sediments at the leading edge of

the subduction zone. The Bobonaro olistostrome contains exotics

derived from these deep-water sediments, suggesting that

olistostrome deposits continued to develop during the Early

Pliocene.

The Bouguer gravity field of Timor and regions to the east,

as is generally characteristic of the gradient of gravity

anomalies, passes into a belt of negative anomalies, whereas to

the north it culminates in a strong positive anomaly over the

central part of the Banda Sea. To the west of South Timor the

complex gravity field indicates that a north-south discontinuity

occurs between Sumba and Timor.

Fitch (1976) summarized the seismic evidence for tectonic

behaviour in this region. He reported that there is no evidence

from focal mechanisms to support the existence of present-day

underthrusting along the eastern end of the Sunda Arc, even

though a well-developed inclined seismic zone exists beneath the

arc in this region. The dip of the seismic plane for deep-focus

earthquakes in eastern Indonesia is steeper than that in western

Indonesia.

172

 Immediately to the south of Sumba there is

a sharp
break in

three well-defined submarine

linear morphological
features (S.

Nishimura, 1981).
The Java ridge and the Bali trough
(4 km deep),

separating and Java ridge from the volcanic islands

of
Bali,

Lombok and Sumbawa, do not continue to the east of

Sumba. East of

Sumba there is no trench south of the Sunda Arc

separating them

from Australia and West Irian. The

outer Banda Arc
islands, east

of the Sumba Arc, separated the Australian shelf

by
the Timor

Trough and its eastward extensions that descend in

that
area to a

depth of 3 km.

The Sawu Sea separates Timor and Roti

in the outer
Banda Arc

from the volcanic islands of

the inner arc.

A pronounced discontinuity in the linear zone of

volcanoes

is located on an island north of Sumba. This

break ma; be an

extension of the strike-slip fault in southwest Sulawesi,

plotted

by Katili (1970) and Hamilton (1972). The Late Cenozoic

origin of

these volcanoes suggests that these

dextral
movemcnts were

Quaternary (Audley-Charles, 1975).

The Timor trough is associated with the southern

tectonic

boundary of the Sunda and

southern Banda
arc
portions,

respectively, of the Indonesian subduction

zone.
The Timor trough

is some 3 km shallower than the Java

trench and as
such has been

considered by some to be a relatively minor feature.

From thb top

of Timor to the axist of the Timor trough there

is
an elevation

difference of about 5 km (Johnstone & Bowin, 1981).

The Timor trough is associated with a similar

type
of

structural boundary, except that north of

the trough the

structural complexity is
even more difficult to resolve.
However,

the data suggest that the northern flank of the

Timor trough

includes both compressional folds and north-dipping

thrust planes

(Montecchi, 1976, Beck & Lehner, 1974, Von der Borch,

1979). The

usual form for subduction zones is

convex towards
the plate that

is being subducted, as
is the case throughout
the Sunda arc.

However, the Timor trough and the outer arc are

concave towards

Australia, whereas the

inner volcanic arc
is convex
(Brouwer,

1919).

The global solution for relative plate motions

derived
by

Minster & others (1974) predicted that the relative

motion at
the

eastern end of the Indonesian subduction

zone in
the vicinity of

Timor is approximately 70 km/m.y. In the Timor

region the down­
dip length of the seismic zone, as mapped by Cardwell
& Isacks

(1978), is approximately 800 km, suggesting

an average
relative

plate motion during the

last 10 m.y. of about 80
km/m.y.

Johnstone & Bowin (1981) proposed that the model

suggests
that the Australian continental
crust first entered
the eastern

end of the Indonesian subduction

zone approximately
3 m.y. ago or

during the mid Pliocene. The resulting

influx of
thick, coherent

continental margin sediments into the subduction

zone initiated a

change in
the accretion processes -- a deformation
or tectonic

173

front, separating deformed from undeformed continental margin

sediments, moved rapidly up the continental slope.

In accordance with the model of Johnstone & Bowin (1981),

the Timor trough coincides with a tectonic boundary separating a

wedge of deformed, but autochthonous, continental margin

sediments from the depressed margin of Australia.

McCaffrey et al., (1982) suggested that the large micro­

seismic events that occurred south of Pantar Island, with

hypocentres at depths of 70-200 km beneath the eastern Sawu Sea,

reveal a trend of deepening to the northwest.

The zone of seismicity dipping to the northwest is at an

angle of 450 between 70 and 200 km depth and continuing more

sparsely to 300 kn. At shal lower depths, a few better-located

events form a zone that appears to flatten out at about 50 km

depth beneath Timor.

The seismic events beneath Timor and beneath the region

between Timor and the volcanic arc probably result from a variety

of crustal and upper mantle stresses. These stresses include

those in, and associated with, the subducted oceanic lithosphere

and those resulting from compression of the subduction zone

(Johnstone & Bowin, 1.981).

Halmahera

Seismotectonics of Halmahera

The metamorphic rocks which form the pre-Tertiary basement

in the Bacan, Saleh and Tapas islands (Western halmahera-Obi

Province) are consi~ered to be probably the oldest rocks in the

region. The ophiolite of the eastern Halmahera-Waigeo Province,

overlain by Jurassic-Cretaceous deep-sea sediments is also

clearly of this age. No rocks of pre-Tertiary age are known from

the Talaud-Ti fore Province.

These relations suggest that at the beginning of the

Tertiary the western Halmahera-Obi Province constituted a

continental block bordered on its eastern side by oceanic crust.
It is not known whether this continental fragment was attached to
a major continent at that time or not. The presence of ophiolite
fragments among the ocean floor sediments on the eastern side of
the block may be due to block faulting, with the erosion of
ophiolitic materiai from fault scarps, or it may indicate that
convergent tectonics were already operating in this region in
pre-Tertiary times with the erosion of imbricated ocean floor
material. These problems require further study.

By Palaeogene times the ocean floor had been formed that is

now the Talaud-Tifore Province, perhaps as a result of the

development of a marginal sea which separated the western

Halmahera-Obi Province from the major continent to which it had

174

 previously been attached. On the

eastern side
of
the continental

block, extensive flysch deposits were being laid

down.

Clasts in the conglomerates within these flysch

deposits

include ophiolitic fragments, deep-sea

red shales,
volcanic

andesites and basalts,

indicating
that at this time
an imbricate

wedge of ophiolitic material

and a volcanic
arc
had been formed

as a result of subduction,
and ocean-floor and
volcanic-arc

materials
were being eroded to
form the flysch
deposits. The

flysch deposits were presumably

laid down in a fore-arc
basin or

more localized basins within the

imbricate wedge.

By Oligo-Miocene
time convergent tectonics

were well

established, with the continuous imbricate of

Palaeogene
deposits

into the imbricate wedge. In

eastern Halmahera, imbricate
blocks

are separated by westward

dipping faults, indicating that

subduction of
the ocean floor was directed towards
the west from

the Pacific side. The occurrence of extensive

andesite and

basaltic volcanics in the

western Halmahera-Obi

Province

indicates that subduction was

taking place beneath
the older

continental block with the development of

a volcanic
arc.

Minor volcanism on
Obi, Bacan, Mandioli and Nanusa
in Mio-

Pliocene time
suggests that subduction
was less
active then. On

the other hand, major convergence had commenced

further to the

west with the westward subduction of the Maluku Sea

floor beneath

the Sangir arc.

The volcanic chain which extends along

the western
side of

Halmahera
indicates that subduction recommenced
beneath
the

island in early Pleistocene time and

is still continuing
at the

present time.

Silver and Moore

(1978) suggest that subduction
of the

western
side of the Maluku Sea, commencing in
Miocene time

beneath the Sangir Arc,

was followed in the early
Pleistocene by

subduction of the
eastern side beneath Halmahera.

Subduction contined until nearly

1000 km of the Maluku Sea

Ocean floor had been subducted.

At the present time the tectonic situation shows

compressional regimes in
the Talaud-Tifore and
Halmahera-Weigeo

Provinces and an extensional regime in

the western
Halmahera-

Waigeo Province which forms

the site of present-day
volcanic arc

(Sukamto et al., 1981).

Seismicity of Halamhera Island and Surrounding Areas

Here an extraordinarily complicated pattern of

seismicity

occurs. Shallow and shallow-plus-intermediate

active centres

occur alike. The complexity of this area

is emphasized
by the

fact that we are dealing with two opposite-facing,

oblique

hypocentre-systems (Benioff zones).

"The Sulawesi
system displays

175

a relatively conventional seismic zone dipping west-northwest to

a depth of 650 km, whereas the Halmahera system dips more gently

east-southest to a depth of about 240 km" (Hatherton and

Dickinson, 1969). Another investigation (Suzuki and Kodama, 1969)

has revealed, however, that in this area there are altogether

three well-separated regions of intermediate and deep

earthquakes. The first lies between Sulawesi and Halmahera, in

the northern part of the Molucca Pass, the second between

Halmahera and Mindanao and the third one can be found between

Mindanao and the coast of north Sulawesi. The deepest earthquakes

in the first of these three areas come into being around 200-250

km, measured vertically downward from the surface; the waximum

depth of hypocentres in the second region is the same; finally,

in the third area, the greatest depths of earthquake-foci can

reach 600-65 km. Among these three regions of intermediate and

deep shocks one can find a triangle-like area in which there are

only shallow earthquakes. Here, at 2 0 26'N and 127 0 15'E, that is

at the southeastern vortex of the triangle mentioned, one can

find a point which is characterized by abnormally high heat flow,

namely 5.21 HFV (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Heat Flow

Data).

Let us consider, furthermore, that in this region, that is

in the environs of the triangle-like area, there are two chains

of volcanoes-one on and near the northeastern peninsula of

Sulawesi and another one, well separated from it, and with an

oppositely directed curvature, on northern Halmahera.

These geophysical and physiographic facts, including the two

oppositely-directed Benioff zones as mentioned above, strongly

suggest that the triangle-like feature which includes the "hot

spot" as well may be regarded as a small, local spreading centre

which is responsible for the development of the three, well­

separated areas of intermediate and deep earthquakes and also for

the creation of the two volcanic belts, one in front of the

other, but having on opposing curvature (Hedervari, 1976b).

This suspected spreading centre lies at the northern end of

a submarine ridge-like feature, the northernmost tip of which

carries Talaud Island. This part of the ridge is bounded by the

Sangihe trough to the west, by the Talaud trough to the

northeast, by the Morotai basin to the east (the hot spot

mentioned lies in this basin) and by the Ternate trough to the

southeast. It must be mentioned, however, that no trace of the

existence of a rift-valley type of feature can be seen on the

surface of this ridge and this fact contradicts the suggestion.

In this area there are soT mini, where the released

tectonic flux is as low as 10.10'' ergs '

or even smaller. The

broad minimum, that has the largest areal extent among all the

minima, can be found just west of the suspected local spreading

centre but no physical correlation can be suggested between them.

It is noteworthy that the existence of the minima is

characteristic only for this part the Indonesian region.

176

 Tectonics of the Northern Banda Arc

During pre-Triassic times Misool, Buru and

Seram were part

of the stable continent of the Irian Jaya-Australia continent.

During Triassic to
Middle Jurassic time presumably break-up
and

rift-drift occurred between Seram and

"Buru-Misool", followed
by

sedimentation of the continental platform sequence of

flysch-type

sediments with subordinate limestone. The break-up and rift-drift

were perhaps caused by thermal upwarping followed by block

faulting. The break-up stage was suceeded probably

b
v sea floor

spreading during Middle Jurassic to

Early Cretaceous time, as

indicated by deep sea sediments, while minor amounts of

volcanic

rocks occurred in Buru as well

as in Seram. On Misool Island
the

break-up stage is indicated by neritic flysch and limestone

with

minor volcanics. The break-up stage

corresponds to
the

devrelopment of the proto-Banda Sea, part of the Indian Ocean,

while Seram was probably located near

the triple junction
of the

rift-drift zone.

Break-up ceased in the Early Cretaceous followed by deep

open-sea sedimentation up to Eocene time on Buru and East

Seram.

'he Eocene of Misoo' is characterized by neritic limestone which

presumably was dep .:-ied on structural highs.

The trend of the rift-drift zone between Seram and "Misool-

Buru" appears
to be in the NE-SW direction, similar to
the

regional Jurassic rifting in the Banda Sea

(Bowin et al., 1980).

Doring Cainozoic time the arc rotated anticlockwise at least

900 to reach its

present position (Katili, 1974, 1975; Carter

et
al., 1976); Seram has rotated anticlockwise 980 since
Late

Triassic time, of which 740

occurred
since the Late Miocene

(Haile, 1978, 1981).

Between the Middle Miocene

and the present, Seram and

Misool-Irian Jaya collided, while oceanic crust subducted

underneath Seram. From the Middle Miocene to

the Pliocene
the

subduction was most active and the Benioff zone may reach a
depth

of over 200 km, at which granitic magma could be generated,

forming the uliaser magmatic belt.

Green et al., (1980) suggested that the Banda arc

system

grew eastward and

the Banda Sea opened because a triple plate

junction formed in eastern

Java early in the Cenozoic and
moved

eastwdrd across the Banda Sea region to

its present position
at

the junction of the Aru trough with the

Torera-Aiduna
fault

system. The Aru and Seram troughs are offset along a section
of

the Torera-Aiduna fault system and that section

is possibLy

therefore an arc-arc transform (Cardwell and Isacks, 1978).

Tn

fault is in line with a major tectonic boundary in central

New

Guinea (Irian) between the

central orogenic belt and
the

Australian craton (Plumb, 1979).

Untung, et al.,
(1981) suggested that the complicated

geological structure resulting frum the collision of

a continent

177

with an oceanic trench system gives rise to large-amplitude

gravity features; The main belt of negative anomalies is arcuate,

and terminates in the most western portion of Seram.

The mantle depth of 15 km, modelled in the Banda Sea, shows

that mantle depths in excess of 31 km are indicated under Seram,

Misool, Salawati and Waigeo. The depth-to-mantle under Seram may

relate to subduction zones south of this island.

This is again a very complicated area from the point of view

of seismicity, particularly the Banda Sea, under which a

remarkable conformation of the down-going lithosphere can be

deduced on the basis of the distribution of earthquake

hypocentres. The broad belt between Aistralia and the axis of the

oceanic trench is completely asismic, as would be expected from

the deduction that this is a cratonic area with great rigidity

and without present-day orogenic movements.

According to the Papp (1981) classification, the Banda Sea

region fal ls into Category IV, which is characterized by strong

seismic activity and in which, according to his calculation, Mag

= 7, 21.

Irian Jaya

Geological and Geotectonic Evolution of Irian Jaya

The mainland of Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea may be

subdivided into three east-trending zones, which differ

characteristical ly in stratigraphic, tectonic and magmatic

history. A northern oceanic province of ophiolite and island-arc

volcanics is separated from a continental provinces with

sediments overlying a relatively stable basement by a transition

zone with strongly deformed and regionally metamorphosed rocks.

The transition zone forms a belt exposed along the north flank of

the central. range and is separated from the other provinces by

major thrust faults and transcurrent faults.

The distribution and contrasting geology of the provinces is

the result of interaction between the Australia-India and Pacific

plates which probably dates back to the Early Jurassic. Following

the cessation of island-arc volcanism in early Miocene time, a

major orogeny resulted from the collision of the Australian

continent with an island arc overlying the Pacific plate and from

continued convergence after collision. Cardwell and Isacks (1978)

suggested that Irian Jaya is being subducted beneath the Banda

Sea. They maintained that subduction is not continuous around the

arc and that the northeastward-directed subduction in the Aru

trough is separated from the southward subduction below Seram by

a transform fault in the neighbourhood of the Banda Islands.

This relatively simple zoning on the mainland is not easily

applied further west in the Bird's Head and Bird's Neck. This

region is an amalgamation of widely diverse terrain with oceanic

178

 as well as continental affinities and distinct

geological

histories. The terrains are juxtaposed along sutures which are

commonly recognized as major faults.

Fault-bounded fragments of ophiolite, Palaeogene island-arc

volcanics and post-volcanic sediments were mapped on

Waigeo,

Batanta, Biak and Yapen islands and in the Losem

and Arfak

mountains. These allochthonous blocks fall

into the oceanic

province and probably made part of an original

continuous

magmatic belt which was disrupted by transcurrent faulting during

Late Miocene and Pliocene time.

The central and southern Bird's Head has a basement

of

folded and regionally metamorphosed Silurian-Devonian turbidites

and the western

Bird's Neck area is almost certainly also

underlain by a basement of continental affinities. However, each

of these terrains is characterized by a unique stratigraphy and

history of deformation of the sedimentary cover; Misool Island,

Onin and Kumawa peninsulas are also categorized with the

continental province.

The rocks of the Tamrau Mountains, the Wandamen Peninsula

and the Wondiwoi Mountains in the east Bird's' Neck and of the

Weyland Mountains and northern Central Range are strongly and

complexly deformed by folding

and faulting and have, been

subjected to regional metamorphism.

These terrains are lumped together in the transition zone.

Lithostratigraphic units confined

to the Sorong and Ransiki fault

zone, although not metamorphosed, area also grouped in this zone.

In vivid contrast to Halmahera and the north Sulawesi

area,

the pattern of seisinicity of north Irian Jaya is

very simple. A

great shock, of M = 8.1, occurred near the plate boundary at the

northern extremity of this area and created an active centre with

maximum value of 29.5 - 1010 ergs 0

'5 (Hedervari & Papp, 1981).

Two active centres, with relatively high values, are present in

the northern part of New Guinea and another shallow one, with

only a small maximal value, near the islands of the Aru group.

This latter centre is

related to the plate boundary. From here

towards Australia the area is perfectly aseismic

again,

corresponding to the evident cratonic character of this part of

the region.

Active FaL lts of the Indonesian Archipelago

The Great Sumateran Fault Zone

The great Sumateran dextral fault zone (synonyms: Semangko

or Semangka fault zone) extends for

the entire length of

Sumatera. The dextral character of

the fault zone is indicated by

river and
valley offsets and by the offset of granitic intrusion.

Since the Late Miocene the dextral displacement has covered

approximately 25 km.
Some Jurassic outcrops suggest that the

179

:otal displacement may have reached a distance of 180 km (Tjia,

.977).

The Sumatera fault zone consists of at least eighteen fault

;egments. The majority of

the segments are arranged dextrally en

chelon. It is found that the wider depressions, where normal

aulting occurred,
are located at their echelon junction.

inematic considerations suggest that such junctiong are subject

o tension on account of dextral

slip along the main fault.

The eighteen fault segments are as follow:

(1) Semangko Bay and the Semangko fault segment

The southernmost part of the Sumatera fault

zone begins with

Teluk (Bay) Semangko which is a wedge-shaped depression

narrowing northwestward from about 40 km to less than 20 km

over a distance of 75 km. The bay's western scarp consists

of step faults and is parallel to Sumatera's long axis.

Microearthquake study
in and around Semangko Bay (Kertapati,

1984) suggested that the seismic activity indicated a right­

lateral slip-fault. The northernmost part of the Semangko

fault segment grades

into the Liwa and Lake Ranau

depressions. Damage by the Liwa earthquake of 1932 was

concentrated in a narrow zone parallel to the long axis of

Sumatera. Relative displacements of houses occurred in the

NW - SE direction.

(2) Mekakau fault segment and Tanjungsakti graben

This fault segment is arranged dextrally en echelon with

respect to the former segment. The Tanjungsakti basin forms

the northwest end of the segment. N-S and E-W topographic

lineaments form parts of the boundaries of

the basin.

(3) Keruh-Musi fault segment and Curup depression

The Keruh-Musi fault segment is arranged sinistrally en

echelon. The
western fault scarp is well defined; its

eastern scarp decreases from 1000 m to less than 500 m

towards the northwest. The Curup basin forms the north end

of the segment. This basin is about 18 km wide.

(4) Ketaun-Seblat-Dikit fault segment and Muaraamen basin

The Keruh-Musi and Ketaun-Seblat-Dikit fault segments are

disposed dextrally en echelon. -he Ketaun-Seblat-Dikit

sec.nent ccnsists of generally parallel west and east walls

and horsts. The basin lies between the slight, dextrally en

echelon array of the Ketaun and

Seblat valleys. Kraeff

,1953) reported that the Tes earthquakes in 1952 resultd in

relative lateral displacements of houses, respectively

towards southwest for those on the west side and

towards

southeast
for those on the east side. Relative lateral

displacements in the villages of Turunlalang and Tes

amounted
to 0.5 metres; similar amounts of lateral

displacement occurred at Kotadonok and Talangratu villages.

Fissure eruptions along this fault segment produced the

1:30

 Plio-Pleistocene ignimbrite sheets that

cover areas near

Keban (Van Bemmelen, 1949, p. 685).

(5) Siulak fault segment and Kerinci graben

This segment is disposed dextrally en echelon with respect

to
the former fault segment. The Siulak segment mainly

consists of the 60 km long wedge-shaped graben in which the

Siulak River flows. An E-W volcanic lineament that includes

Gunungtujuh also occurs between the Siulak and Batang Saliti

fault segments. Right-lateral displacement that accompanied

an earthquake was recorded

in the Kerinci Valley (earthquake

occurred in 1909).

(6) Batang Saliti or Batanghari fault segment and the Danau

di Atas. and Danau di Bawah depressions

Between the Batang Saliti and Solok-Singkarak fault segments

are found the Danau di

Atas and Danau di Bawah depressions.

Posavec et al.,
(1973) suspect that the lineament represents

an intrusive body below the volcanoes.

(7) Solok - Singkarak fault segment

The Solok - Singkarak fault segment lies dextrally

en

echelon to the north of the Batang Saliti segment. The Solok

- Singkarak fault segment is of predominantly basinal

character. Several east-west faults have also been detectea;

other faults are diagonal to the trend of the main fault

zone. Kastowo and Leo (1973) indicate two other N-S striking

normal faults a few kilometres to the west

of Lake

Singkarak.

Best documented is the fault rupture associated with the

1943 earthquake, which was described to

us (M. Untung, N.

Buyung, E.K. Kertapati, Undang and C.R. Allen, 1984) with

remarkable recall by long-term residents

in 13 selected

localities along a 50 km-long segment of

the fault near the

town of Solok, between Danau (Lake) Singkarak and Danau di

Atas (Figure 1).

Since the rupture clearly extended into

Danau Singkarak on the northwest, and continued into an area

of steep terrain and landsliding southeast of Danau di

Atas,

we estimate the total rupture length was

at least 60 km.

Ground cracking parallel to the fault was also described by

local residents at least as far south as Surian, 15 km south

of the southern border of Figure 1.

Local
residents estimated strike-slip displacements in 1943

of up to 5 m, the largest horizontal displacement of which

we could be convinced was 2 to 3 m, as represented by an

offset road near Saloyo.

(8) Sianok and Masang fault segments

To the north the Solok-Singkarak

fault segment is followed

dextrally en echelon by the Sianok segment.

The Sianok segment is a comparatively narrow graben-like

structure. This segment is joined by another

narrow

181

structure, the Masang segment, that strikes north-south.

Both narrow fault segments join without an intervening

depression or volcanic range, as has been the case in all

previous junctions. Right-lateral displacement that

accompanied an earthquake was recorded in Padangpanjang

(earthquake of 1926, reported by Visser & Akkersdijk, 1927).

(9) Sumpur fault segment and Bangkuang Terpanggang

depression
Verstappen (1973) shows (in his Figure 18) that at the
appoximate latitude of Lubuksikaping the Sumatera fault zone

may consist of two major strands. One strand is called here

the Sumpur fault and includes the town of Lubuk Sikaping,

while the second parallel strand passes about 10 km farther

to the west. The Sumpur graben joins the Masang fault

segment without any appreciable en echelon arrangement.

Towards the north, the Sumpur segment is diposed dextrally

en echelon with respect to the Asik segment. The junction

between the two segments consists of the more than 40 km

long, 9 km wide, Bangkuang Terpanggang basin. Normal

faulting with a minimum throw of 450 m is indicated by the

west scarp. The east scarp is lower (125 m above the floor

of the basin) and has generally sinistral river off-sets

amounting to between 70 and 200 metres. Right lateral

displacement that accompanied an earthquake was recorded in

Lubuksikaping (earthquake in 1977).

(10) Asik fault segment and Barumun plain, Batang Gadis

fault segment and Panyabungan depression

The Asik fault segment forns part of the eastern fault

strand and is located dextrally en echelon with respect to

the Sumpur segment. The western fault strand is formed by

che upper Batang Gadis valley that, towards the north, is

joined through the 35 km long and 8 km wide Panyabungan

depression with the Angkola south segment. The scarps are

150 m (west) and 50 m (east) high. River valley off-sets are

all sinistral, between 240 and 300 metres on the west wall,

and 160-200 metres along the east wall.

(11) Ula Aer fault segment and Lubukraya-Sibualbuali

volcanic range; Angkola-south and Angkola-north fault

segments and the Siabu depression

The eastern fault st-:and continues as the Ulu Aet fault

segment that is disposed dextrally en echelon to the Asik

segment. The Ulu Aer segment cuts through accidented terrain

and is confined to an extremely narrow strip. Dextral river

offsets along this stretch are the rule. The 350 trending
Lubukraya - Sibualbuali volcanic range forms a 15 km-long
positive lineament at the north end of the segment. Along
the western fault strand, the Angkola-south fault segment
lies dextrally en echelon in the continuation of the Batang

Gadis segment. Farther northwards, the Angkola-north fault

segment also lies dextrally en echelon with respect to the

Angkola-south segment. The two Angkol;j segments are joined

182

 by the 17 km long 5.5 km wide Siabu depression which has

north-south striking margins in addition

to those striking

parallel to the axis of Sumatera.

The Angkola-north segment ends in the north

against the

earlier mentioned Lubukraya-Sibualbuali volcanic range.

(12) Batang Toru fault segment and Tarutung depression

The Batang Toru fault segment lies sinistrally en echelon

and dextrally en echelon

to the north of, repectively, the

Ulu Aer and Angkola-north segments. The southern Batang Toru

valley is narrow and well defined. The north end of the

fault segment is formed by the Tarutung basin. Right-lateral

displacement that accompanied earthquakes was

recorded in

the Tapanuli area (earthquake of 17 May, 1.892 reported by

Muller, 1895) and attained 1.8 in to 1.9 m in distance, and

the Pahajae/Tarutung area (earthquakes of 11 October, 1941;
25 July 1965, and 27 August 1984).

Verstappen (1973, p. 1.09) sees recent normal

faulting in the

straight aLluvial/lacustrine te.race edge near Tarutung.

North-south lineaments are again distinguishable along parts

of the basinal boundaries.

(13) Lae Renum fault segment and Kutacane depression

The Lae Renum fault segment continues as a presumably

dextrally en echelon strand

to the north of the Batang Toru

segment. Northwest of the Tarutung valley, lineaments in the

so-cal led 'Sumatera Trend' can be followed

up to Dolok

Sigotigoti. Beyond this hill, consistent dextral valley

displacements of the order of 500 metres or less are shown

by the upper tributaries of the Air Doras. With a

few gaps

of 5 kilometres or more, compatible val ley lineamenLs

connect with The extremely well-defined, narrow rae Renun

valley. The i 'rang Ahirta valley is

one of the more distinct

lineaments. bDcxtral river offsets are also evident along the

east side of the narrow basin.

(14) Wai Ni Gumpang fault segment

This fault segment I ies dextral ly en echelon in the

continuation of the former segment. It begins as a narrow

bundle of paral lel drainage lines. Verstappen (1976, p. 1.16)

reports that solfataras occur along the road between

Kutacane and Blarigkejeran. Blangkejeran lies in a basin, 9

km wide, with paral lel faul t scarps as flanks.

(15) Krueng Aceh fault segment and Banda Aceh depression

The Krueng Aceh fault segment begins near Pantel ima and

assumes the usual Sumatera trend. The segment lies dextrally

en echelon with respect to the Wai Ni Gampang segment. The

apparent 10 km offset is probably due to left slip along the

Peusangan fault.

The Sumatera fault zone ends in the triangular alluvial

plain of Banda Aceh (formerly known as Kutaraja); the base

183

 of the triangle faces north. A few of

the important

earthquakes are; in the Aceh area (1964) where there was a

displacement of 0.5 m;
in the Tapanuli area in 1982, 1983

and in 1984. The general dextral slip character of the

Sumatera fault zone is compatible with a regional

compression that acts within the sector N 002 - 008 E (Tjia

and Posavec, 19.72).

Lembang Fault, Java

A 22 km long, northwards-facing scarp that

strikes parallel
to the long axis of Java and which outcrops amidst young volcanic
deposits about 10 km
north of Bandung has been designated as
the

Lembang fault. Twelve rivers and valleys that cross the fault
from north to south
indicate left-lateral displacements
that

range between 75 and 250 metres, with

an average displacement
of

140 metres (Fig. 2).

Anthropological
data show that faulting must have occurred

between 3000 and

6000 years ago (Van Bemmelen, 1934, 1949,
p.

643).

The left-lateral slip component of the Lembang fault is

compatible with
a SSW - NNE regional compression.

Cimandiri Fault, Java

Many
destructive earthquakes have had their epicentres

within a northeast striking

zone that is located in the Cimandiri

Piver valley (Fig. 3). Katili and Tjia (1968) have mapped a

normhal fault zone that strikes ENE along the Cimandiri Valley.
The downthrown block is to the south. The place the fault
zone

Occupies is near the boundary between an

area of tilting
and

warping (to the south and east) and a large area of folding
(to

the north and west).

Other Faults have been mapped in the area. The Bency normal
fault st rikes ESE with the down-thrown side to the south due to
the Sukabumi earthquake, 1982 (Kertapati and
Koesoemadinata,

1982). Surface rupture following

the main shock was also mapped

by Kertapati and Koesoemadinata. They found mostly strike-slip

failting striking perpendicular to the Cimandiri Valley.

Citanduy Valley Fault and Banyumas Fault

The Cintanduy valley

lies between two different

morphotectonic complexes; the

valley is actually a weak zone
in a

geological structure of a tectonic result. Simandjuntak (1182)

and Sapei (1982) describe the Citanduy valley as a fault
zone.

Near Banjarsari, in the Citanduy River, Pliocene strata have

been

slightly affected by the fault. Many destructive earthquakes

have

had epicentres within a northwest striking

zone that is located

184

between West and Central Java. Between 1961 and August 1971, two

shallow earthquakes originated in the fault zone. The analysis of

the focal mechanism of microearthquakes in the Citanduy valley

shows a reverse fault with a component of a horizontal faulting

(Kertapati, Djuhanda and Soehaimi, 1983). From gravity data of

Java (density of measurement amounts to one station in very six

square kilometres). Untung and Hlasegawa (1975) interpreted the

structure indicated by the Banyumas depression, or Citanduy

valley, as representing normal laulting down-throwing to the

east.

A few of the important active faults in Java are (S.

Tjokrosapoetro, 1980); Bogotsari fault, Kemulan fault. Dieng

fault, Rawapening fault, Semarang fault, Lasem fault, Solo fault,
Lawu and Cenorosewu faul t. Numerous earthquake epicentres are

located within these fault zones. A few of the important

earthquakes are; in the Wonosobo area (1924), in the Semarang

area (1865, 1872, 1959, 1966, 1968), in the Lawu volcano area

(Des 1970 ,
1981). In the Lasemarea area (1890, 1958, 1959 and

1966) a microearthquake study of the Lasem fault shows reverse

faulting (Asdani Soehaimi, E.K. Kertapati, A. Djuhanda 1985).

Palu-Koro Fault Zone, Sulawesi

The Palu-Koro fault zone was formerly known as the Fossa

Sarasina graben. It strikes south-southeast and stretches from

Palu Bay towards SSE for 300 km on land, while it has a 400 km

long submarine extension in the Gulf of Bone (Tjia and Zakaria,

1974).

The Palu bay and Palu valley are bordered by step-fault

topography ,art of which consists of truncated alluvial fans,

triangular t' trapezoidal facetted scarps (Fig. 4). Farther

towards the SSE the fault is indicated by straight narrow valleys

that are inte:'rupted by small basins. Within this narrow portion

are found abundant indications of faulting: fissured rock,

mylonite and striated fault planes (Brouwer, 1947).

The Palu depression which includes Palu Bay and the Palu

valley displays graben characteristics and step-faults have

thrown reading 60 metres or more. Along the narrower southern

part of the segment, sinistral stream offsets in the' range of 100

to 600 metres are common features. Occasionally right-lateral

displacements occur and have been interpreted as representing lag

faults. Katili (1969) also noted consistent lelt-lateral stream

uffsets along the tributaries of the Koro River.

A kinematic analysis (Fig. 5, 6, 7) of fault motions of the

Palu-Koro fault shows that the fracture system corresponded to

horizontal regional compression that acted in an ESE - WNW
direction.

Earthquake epicentres from within the fault zone prove the

active
nature of the fault zone. Three of the better known

185

earthquakes occurred at Gimpu (1905), Kulawi (1907) and at

Kantewu (1934). R. McCaffrey et al., (1978) proposed that two
microearthquakes were located
in west-central Sulawesi where

association with an active tectonic feature is unclear and that

three occurred along the Palu fault -

North Sulawesi trench

system.

The lack of events recorded at Palu suggests that the Palu

fault generates very little routine activity. Several large (M >

7.0) earthquakes have been centred on the Palu fault in the past
80 years, however, indicating its long-term importance in the
tectonics of Sulawesi.

Matano Fault Zone, Sulawesi

The Matano fault zone is a 170 km-long topographic lineament

that extends between Losoni Bay and a point close to Lake Poso in
Central Sulawesi. The fault zone strikes WNW, with five

sinistral ly en echelon segments along the fault zone. Lake Matano

occupies a 15 km-long graben that is located at the junction of

two en echelon segments. Lateral offsets of I ighological contacts
are distinctly shown by the distribution of crystalline
metamorphic rocks, Mesozoic sediments and ultrabasic rocks.
Paral le to the fault zone, offsets amount to 19 or 20 km in the
sinistral sense. Younger lateral shifts are represented by

multiple sinistral stream displacements in the range of 200 to

600 metres. The Iatano faul t zone may be the western end of a
huge left-lateral shift. Within the Matano fault zone are located
three shal low earthquake epicentres that occurred between 1961

and August 1971.

Another of the important active faults in Sulawesi is the

Gorontalo fault, as proposed earlier by Katili (1978). R.
McCaffrey et al., (1978) reported that stations at Gorontalo and

Luwuk show a broad range of S-P times, from 5 to 30 s. The

scarcity of
.- P times less than 105 at the Gorontalo station

suggests that the Gorontalo fault is

not a very active feature.

Rased on data from the Institute of Meteorology and

Geophysics, Jakarta, it
is certain that within the Gorontalo
fault are located sha I low earthquake epicentres (see
seismotectonic map of Indonesia).

The Sadang fau I t: R. McCa frey et al., (1978) reported that

the MakaIe station recorded many local earthquakes with S-P

intervals ranging from

5 to 7 s. All of these events occurred
within about 50 km north of Makale. The region of intense
activity north of Makale l ies about halfway between the Palu and
Sadang faults and is not easily interpreted. We have data which
show that within the Sadang fault are located shallow earthquake
epicentres (see seismotectonic map of Indonesia).

186

 The Central Structural Valley of Timor

The so-called "central graben" (Umbgrove, 1949) of Timor

extends for almost three quarters of its length along the axis of

the island. The central valley reaches widths of 15 km and its

morphology agrees with its original designation. However, one

central strand of the fault zone that is exposed where the Noil

(River) Mina begins, at the confluence of Noil Besiam and Noil

Leke, displays features of lateral displacement.

The left-lateral slip along the Mina fault reflects the

result of horizontal compression acting within the sector N 155 ­

245 E. On 30 July 1975, an earthquake of magnitude 6.1 and of 30

to 50 km focal depth caused damage to man-made structures and

activated or developed new mud cones. Its epicentre was located

on the island. Three or four shallow earthquake epicentres are

depicted on Hamilton's map (1974).

Reverse Fault at Dobo, Aru Island Group

The Aru Islands are situated at the western edge of the

Sahul platform. A terrace surface cut in reef limestone near the

town of Dobo had been faulted along a plane striking N 355 E and

dipping 80 degrees towards the east. Reverse faulting is

indicated by the displacement and markings on the fault plane. A

2 metre wide mylonite zone of the same material occurs on the

downthrown side. The entire fault plane is located within the

intertidal zone, but the fault markings in the calcareous rock

look fresh, suggesting the faulting to have taken place within

the last 50 years. (Tjia, 1978).

Irian Fault Zone

The Irian fault zone, as defined in this article, comprises

(a) the Matano fault belt in central Sulawesi, (b) the Sorong

fault zone that consists of a submarine lineament in the Sula

Islands and eastward until it appears on land in Salawati and

t.hen continues through Sorong and the northern Bird's Head toward

Manokwari, (c) the north-northwest trending Ransiki fault zone,

(d) the Japan fau1t zone across Cendrawasih Bay and the Waropen

area as a row of mud volcanoes, (e) the Apauwar and Nimboran

fault zone, to which probably also belongs the Tolateri-Gauttier

fault zone that is paralle] to the north coast and is located

some kilometres farther to the south, (f) distinct lineaments

along the Bewani-Torricel li-Prince Alexander ranges in Australian

New Guinea as far east as Wewak.

The Sorong Fault Zone

In the Bird's Head of West Irian the Sorong fault zone

represents a distinct boundary between eugeosynclinal rocks to

the north and miogeosynclinal rocks to the south. Within the

187

fault zone mixtures of both rock groups are present. In the

western and in the eastern Bird's Head the Sorong

fault zone

averages 4 to 10 kilometres and sometimes exceeds 10 kilometres

in width and comprises both gigantic blocks and slabs of modest

dimensions that form a tectonic breccia with confused internal

structure, relatively undeformed blocks lying embedded in a

cataclastic to mylonitic groundmass. A granite outcrop near

Sorong constitutes one tectonic unit of 10 kilometres length. In

the northeastern Bird's Head a series of parallel, east-west

striking faults and a 10 km wide zone of ultramafic rock seem to

define the fault zone.

Vertical and very considerable lateral displacements have

occurred in the Sorong fracture zone. Both fault movements

persisted at least until the Plio-Pleistocene; near Manokawari,

Plio-Pleistocene Befoor strata have been slightly affected by the

fault. The left-lateral slip, as envisaged by Visser and Hermes

(1962), involves some 350 Kilometres since Miocene time.

The earthquake map covering the period 1961 to August 1971

(Hamilton, 1974) records more than a score of epicentres of

shallow earthquakes along the Irian fault in Irian Jaya.

On 16 March 1983, an earthquake of 30 to 60 km focal depth

generated several sets of subparallel fractures zones following

the Sorong fault zone.

The Yapen Fault Zone, Irian

By this namf is understood as 950 - lineament that comprises

a submarine ridge in western Cendrawasih Bay, the straight north
coast of Yapen Island, and a be. t of mud volcanoes in the Waropen
region (Visser and Hermes, 1962, pp. 192, 170). Yapen Island

seems to represent a fractured fault block tilting to the south.

The Yapen fault zone consists of two main faults, the Jobi
and the Randaway faults. The WNW - ESE trend, north of the Jobi,
is composed of tectonic breccias or a chaotic sheared jumble of

volcanics, intrusive and ultramafic rocks.

The eatern extension
of the fault is shown by a recent fault and mud volcanoes to the
Memberamo River, and it runs into a zone of thrust faulting and
diapiric intrusion further east.

A few of the important earthquakes in the vicinity of

Waropen are: 1941, 1916, 1957 and

in the Yapen are 1979.

The Ransiki Fault Zone

The Ransiki fault zone strikes 3300-3350 and has been mapped

along a distance of 43 kilometres. Four major shear zones, aplite

dikes, and fault-bounded gabbro-diorite bodies characterize the

fault zone that has a total

width of about 1.5 kilometres.

However, the Ransiki fault zone appears to have offset dextral ly

188

for a distance of 70 kilometres two segments of the Irian fault

belt, that is, the Sorong fault and the Yapen fault zones.

On 29 June, 1961, an earthquake of magnitude 3 to 4, had its

epicentre in the Ransiki valley, and the earthquake probably

represented mo'zement along the Ransiki fault zone.

Other Active Faults in Irian Jaya

The Yakati-Yamur fault zone (Visser and Hermes, 1962) occurs

at the neck of the Bird's Head and runs almost nc th-south. The
fault extends from the Yakati valley to Yamur Lake.

Two shaI low earthquake epicentres (on Hamilton's map, 1974)

are located in this fault zone.

The '?arera-Aiduna fault zone trends east-west and separates

predominantly pro-Tertiary sediments in the north from Tertiary

deposits in the south. Immediately to the south of the fault

left-lateral motion is
implied by the disposition of WNW-striking

fold axes in Tertiary sediments. Hamilton's map (1974) shows a

close re!ation between the fault zone and about ten shal low
earthquake epicentres.

189

 REFERENCES

Asdani, S., Kertapati, E.K., Djuhanda (1984), Seismisitas Daerah

zona Waspada Gempa Indonesia, No. 8. Laporan Penelitian

Seismotektonic, P3G, Bandung.

Cardwell, K.R. & B.L. Isacks (1978), Geometry of the Subducted

Lithosphere beneath the Banda Sea in Eastern Indonesia from
Seismicity and Fault Plane Solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 83,
2825-2838.

Green, R., et at., (1981), Bo.iguer Gravity Map of Indonesia,

Tectonophysics, 71, 267-280.

Hartono, H.M.S., (1984), Tectonic Development of Kal imantan and

Adjacent Areas, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., No. 9.

Hatherton, T., and Dickinson, W.R., (1969), The Relationship

between Andesitic Volcanism and Seismicity in Indonesia, the
Lesser Anti les, and Other Island Arcs. J. Geophys. Res.,
74, 5301-5310.

Haile, N., (1981), Palaeomagnetic Evidence and the Geotectonic

History and Palaeogeography of Eastern Indonesia, 'he
Geology and Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev.

Cent., Spec. Pubi. No. 2, 81-87.

fledervari, P. and Z. Papp, (I981), Seismicity Maps of the

Indonesian Region, Tectonophysics, 76, 131-148.

Johnstone, C.R. & [owin, 7.O. (1981), Crustal Reactions Res.iting

from the Mid-PI iocene to Recent Continent IsIand Arc
Co lision in the Timer Region BMR. Aus. GeoI. (eonhys., 6,
223-243.

Katil i, J.A., (1981), Geology of Southeast Asia with ParticuIar

Reference to the South China Sea, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev.
Cent., No. 4.

Kertapati, E.K., dkk., (1984), Pene] itian SeismotekLonik Teluk

1ampung dan sekitarnya, Laporam penelitian Pusat Penel itian
dan Pengembangan Geologi, Bandung.

& Koesoemadinata, S. (1983). Aftershock Studies of the

Febr. 10, 1982, Sukabumi Earthquake, West Java, indonesia,
Bull. lISEE, 20, (Spec. Issue) , 91-101.

Kieckhefer, R.M., (1980) , Geophysical Studies of the Ob1ique

Subduction Zone in Sumatra, A Dissertation Submitted in
Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree of

Doctor of Phi losophy in Earth Sciences, University of

California, San Diego.

McCaffrey, R., (1982), Preliminary Resul t of the 1982 Micro­

190

 Earthquake Survey in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Bull.

Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., No. 10.

McCaffrey, R., et al., (1983), Microearthquake surveys of the

Molucca Sea and Sulawesi, Indonesia, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev.

Cent., No. 7, 13-23.

Nishimura, S., et al., (1981), Physical Geology of the Samba,

Sumbawa and Flores Islands., The Geology and Tectonics of

Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., Spec. Publ. No. 2,

1981, 105-113.

Papp, Z., (1981), Temporal variation of elastic strain release in

the Banda Sea region, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., No. 4.

Pieters, P.E., et al., (1983), The Stratigraphy of Western Irian

Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., No. 8.

Rab, Sukamto & T.O. Simandjuntak, (1983), Tectonic Relationship

between Geologic Provinces of Western Sulawesi, Eastern

Sulawesi and Banggai-Sula in the Light of Sedimentological

Aspects, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., No. 7.

, (1979), Tectonic Siginficance of Melange on the

Talaud Island, Northeastern Indonesia, Bull. Geol. Res. Dev.

Cent., No. 2, 7-19.

, et al., (1981), The Geology and Tectonics of

Halmahera Island and Surrounding Areas, The Geology and

Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., Spec.

Publ. No. 2, 349-364.

Silver, E.A., (1981), A New Tectonic Map of the Molucca Sea and

East Sulawesi, Indonesia, with Implications for Hydrocarbon

Potential and Metallogenesis, The Geology and Tectonics of

Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., Spec. Publ. No. 2,

343-347.

, et al., (1983), Back Arc Thrusting in the Eastern

Sunda Arc, Indonesia; A Consequence of Arc-Continent

Collison, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7429-7448.

Tjia, H.D., (1978), Active Faults in Indonesia, Bull. Geol. Soc.

Malaysia, 10.

, (1973), Irian Fault Zone and Sorong Melange,

Indonesia sains Malaysiana, 2 (1), p. 13-30.

Untung, M., et al., (1985), Rupture along the Great Sumatran

Fault, Indonesia, during the Earthquakes of 1926 & 1943,

Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 75, 313-317.

,_Barlow, B.C., (1981), The Gravity Field in Eastern

Indonesia, The Geology and Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia,

Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., Spec. Publ. No. 2, 53-63.

191

Van Leeuwen Th.M., (1981), The Geology of Southwest Sulawesi with

special Reference to the Biru Area. The Geology and

Tectonics of Eastern Indonesia, Geol. Res. Dev. Cent., Spec.

Publ. No. 2, 277-304.

192

 0 7km

/S Irojkarok
Saning baWo
r , ,S

Kailk O"-',SumanI

Padang Bell mbing S

TonJung Bingkung

._.
/-oloKol-
, , Bo--'

Cu ok hlo/ w

Fig. I Sketch Map Showing Localities (Solid Circles )Where Local

Residents Reported Fault Displacements during the 1943
Earthquake. Solid Squares Are Localities of Major Landslides
athwart the Fault Trace. Open Circles Are Towns and Villages.
Heavy Solid Lines Are Main Roads: Dashed Lines Are
Secondary Roads.

193
 Clsaruo N

- -..,, t _-.,",- , , •
.,.J.... / ,/ ,. ,,
/To L.o n /,

ToCimahil

To Bundung

Maio.. ....
..li...
]li: ,,i,,< ..... ......

(,,dung f

d MORPHOLOGY LEMBANG FAULT

b ' 1A L
a Fault Surface

bCrest Line
Talus or Young Volcanice

a Water or Wind Gap

d Fault Splinter

Fig. 2 The Lembang Fault, North of Bandung, West Java.

Note Left Lateral Offsets of Valleys. The Right End of
the Segment Joins the Left End of the Bottom Segment.

194

 0
45' 109 00'E
15' 30'
01080 00'
7°00' Cakrabuana Mt. ' -/

complex

C - Sadakeling
omplex MtI )" - Sw Mt.
Sowal Mt.

D ',Complex

Mt com.e0

•
l'----antarkawun

/ KarongPucu

ogon P-a.n, doaora .,

. B nang
Mojre
3 0 r n, gga
"- B njo nj-gul

45'

I N D IAN OC E AN

Fig. 3 Cimandiri Fault , Java

195
 O f 2 3 4 5 km
,, f ',-. /,

"/Y , .;,/'
,i, , t~o".: \ ,., : ', ;------------
---­ - -- -- - ,' --

izz-

Alluvium Occurring as Flood Plain Deposits and Low River Terraces

SAlluvial Fans of Contributing Rivers

Colluvium That May Occur as Higher Valley Terraces

LI Lithological Boundary

Exposed Fault Scarp or Scar by Slumping or Landsliding

SStrike Slip Fault

S Strike Ridge

Fig. 4 Fragment of the Palu - Koro Fault Zone near Sakidi Village,
South of the Gumbasa River Confluence. Lateral Motions Are
Mainly Sinistral and Are Fault Plane Markings. Note That
Some of the Alluvial Fans Are Transected Suggesting Very
Young Ages of the Faults.

196
 S 10Wo

70 N

,dere8 o

Bo,,ta- / .,.

Faultlon

E197

 P andure
Rkta
Retaoan Palu Koro
Sektor Retakan Tarikan " PaohonDanR~aua,
.!/Saluki Salua

Retak OMU
(Potret Udaro) " Retak (Potret Udaro)
Sektor Retak Tarikan //

S0o S, Pathan Sadant

'NN
" Dan Tornado

-o
11;
(P trtUdr) "--
0 ~ Arahj GaYO Utar
0
Sektar Pergerokan \"
Retak-~
(Patret Udoro)
Kulawl N 105 -125 E
0 5 10 km

Fig. 6 Fault Traces and Stress Direction of the Palu-Koro

Fault Zone

198

 Pas- u -r.0

.l....
_S.__
C)
0

__
__
C)(
k
?
Fig.in albrcsan
Lo e0eiper ,EulAe
Projection CfFal

( Palu-Koro ault one

Po99r