CONNECTORS – words that link sentences. Ex: He was having a shower. The phone rang.
When the phone rang, he was having a shower.
They moved to the USA so that they
could escape.
She sold her guitar to buy a computer.
●So that*
●So that*
He left his home in order that he ●To
●To
might become independent. ●In order to
●In order to
He went out in order to buy a pizza. ●In order that*
●In order that*
(* + modal verb)
(* + modal verb)
When the weather is fine, we go for
a drive.
While she was watching TV, she If you don’t study, you’ll
heard a noise. fail.
After they had dinner, they went to Take your umbrella in
the café. case it rains.
As soon as he saw her, he smiled at I don’t know whether to
her. sit or to stand.
Unless he comes, we
won’t get to know him.
●When
●When
●While*
●While*
●After ●If
●After ●If
●Until ●In case
●Until ●In case
●Since
●Since ●Unless
●As soon as ●Unless
●As soon as
(*+Past/ ●Whether
(*+Past/ ●Whether
Pres.
Pres.
Continuous)
Continuous)
● Although*
● Because ● Although*
● Because ● But
● But
● As ● In spite of **
● As ● In spite of **
● Since (* + clause)
● Since (* + clause)
(** + gerund
(** + gerund
or noun)
or noun)
I’m not going out because I’ve got
a terrible cold. He always carries his umbrella although the
She gave up smoking as it was weather is fine.
damaging her health. He got married but his wife left him later.
We won’t move into London since She couldn’t get the job in spite of trying
we don’t have a house there. hard.
She couldn’t get the job in spite of her
effort.
Indicate which kind of connector is presented in the following sentences. Follow the example.
1. It rained a lot but he went to the cinema all the same. CONTRAST
2. I won’t go to the cinema since it’s raining a lot. Reason
3. I haven’t seen Mary since I went to the cinema. Time
4. When I saw Mary she was at the cinema. Time
5. If you go to the cinema, call Mary. Condition
6. I go to the cinema to relax. Purpose
JOIN THE TWO SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE CONNECTOR. YOU CAN WRITE MORE THAN
ONE SENTENCE AND YOU MAY HAVE TO CHANGE THE SENTENCES.
A. CONTRAST
1. He wanted to read the newspaper. He watched TV.
Although he wanted to read the newspaper, he watched TV.
2. Nelson was very ill. He didn’t go to the doctor.
Although Nelson was very ill, he didn’t go to the doctor
3. Kate is allergic to chocolate. She ate a bit.
In spite of being allergic to chocolate, she ate a bit.
B. PURPOSE
1. The news arrive our homes. We are well informed.
In order to be well informed, the news arrive our homes.
2. They study foreign languages. They speak with their foreign friends.
They study foreign languages so that they can speak with their foreign friends.
3. Tom reads a lot. He writes perfectly.
Tom reads a lot so that he can write perfectly.
C. REASON / CAUSE
1. Reporters invade people’s lives. People don’t trust the press.
Since reporters invade people’s lives, people don’t trust the press.
2. Peter went to the doctor. He wasn’t feeling well.
As Peter wasn’t feeling well, he went to the doctor.
3. Anne cried a lot. Her dog died.
Since Anne’s dog died, she cried a lot.
D. CONDITION
1. She has not made up her mind yet. She doesn’t know if she wants to go to university or not.
She doesn’t know whether she wants to go to university or not.
2. I’ll go to the party. The only condition is that he asks me.
I won’t go to the party unless he asks me.
3. Maria will go to England. There’s one condition though – her parents let her.
In case her parents let her, Maria will go to England.
E. TIME
1. They arrived home. Their parents were listening to the radio.
When they arrived home, their parents were listening to the radio.
2. They arrived at the cinema. The film had already begun.
When they arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun.
3. The pupils answered the test right away. They received the test.
As soon the received the test, they answered the test right away.
