Anatomy of The Upper Limb
The pectoral (shoulder) girdle is a bony ring,
1-Shoulder, which includes incomplete posteriorly, formed by the scapulae,
A-The pectoral clavicles and completed anteriorly by the
B-Scapular manubrium of the sternum
C-Lateral supraclavicular regions.
2-Arm (brachium) is between the shoulder and the elbow and is centered around the humerus.
3-Forearm (antebrachium) is between the elbow and the wrist and contains the ulna and radius
4-Hand (manus) is distal to the forearm and contains the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges.
It is composed of the wrist, palm, dorsum of hand, and digits (fingers, including the opposable thumb)
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Bones of the upper limbs
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
SHOULDER
GIRDLE:
1-Clavicle
Is made of 1- clavicle
2- scapula It has two ends:
عظم الترقوة
A-Acromial (lateral)
B-Sternal (medial)
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD, PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Clavicle
Clavicle
• The clavicle is the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb
• It is palpable along its entire length and has a gentle S-shaped contour, with the forward-facing convex
part medial and the forward-facing concave part lateral.
• It has
2 ends , 2 surfaces , 2 borders .
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy POSTERIOR VEIW
It has two ends
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
It has two surfaces:
The inferior surface and margins of
the clavicle are Roughened Rough surface
by the attachment of muscles that
connect the clavicle to the thorax, neck,
and upper limb. Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
2-The scapula
The scapula is a large, flat triangular bone
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Triangular bone with:
• three angles (lateral, superior, and
inferior)
• three borders (superior, lateral, and
medial)
• two surfaces (costal and posterior)
• three processes (acromion, spine,
and coracoid process).
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Posterior surface of the scapula
• scapula
• A prominent spine
subdivides
the posterior surface of the scapula
into a small, superior
supraspinous fossa
and a much larger,
inferior infraspinous fossa
The acromion, which is an
anterolateral projection of the spine,
arches over the glenohumeral joint
and articulates, via a small oval facet The
on its distal end, with the clavicle. spine
of
scapula
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Posterior surface of the scapula
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
characterized by a shallow
concave subscapular fossa
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD , PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
A less distinct
Supraglenoid tubercle
is located superior to the glenoid cavity and is the
site of attachment for the long head of the biceps
brachii muscle
The lateral angle of the scapula is
marked by a shallow, somewhat
comma-shaped glenoid cavity
A large triangular-shaped roughening
(the infraglenoid tubercle)
inferior to the glenoid cavity is the site of
attachment for the long head of the triceps
brachii muscle
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
The region between the lateral angle of
the scapula and the attachment of the
spine to the posterior surface of the
scapula is the (Greater scapular notch)
(spinoglenoid notch).
Greater scapular notch
POSTERIOR VEIW
POSTERIORDr.VEIW
Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
is marked on its lateral end by: the
coracoid process, a hook-like
structure that projects
anterolaterally and is positioned
directly inferior to the lateral part
of the clavicle
The suprascapular notch,
which lies immediately medial to the root of the coracoid
process.
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
Surface anatomy of the scapula
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
• Proximal humerus
• The proximal end of the
humerus consists of:
1. the head
2. the anatomical neck
3. the greater and lesser tubercles
4. the surgical neck
5. the superior half of the shaft of
humerus .
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
Bones: Read only
The head is half-spherical in shape
and projects medially and somewhat
superiorly to articulate with the much
smaller glenoid cavity of the scapula.
The anatomical neck is very short and is formed by a
narrow constriction immediately distal to the head. It
lies between the head and the greater and lesser
tubercles laterally, and between the head and the shaft
more medially.
The greater and lesser tubercles are prominent
landmarks on the proximal end of the humerus and
serve as attachment sites for the four rotator cuff
muscles of the glenohumeral joint.
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Bones:
• Proximal humerus
• The greater tubercle is lateral in
position.
• Its superior surface and posterior
surface are marked by three large
smooth facets for muscle tendon
attachment:
• the superior facet is for attachment
of the supraspinatus muscle
S
• the middle facet is for attachment
of infraspinatus I
• the inferior facet is for attachment
of teres minor.
T
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
Bicipital groove also called intertubercular sulcus
Location: A deep intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) separates the
lesser and greater tubercles and continues inferiorly onto the proximal
shaft of the humerus .
the long
Contents: The tendon of
head of the biceps
brachii passes through this sulcus
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
It has
Lateral lip to which is attached pectoralis major muscle
Medial lip to which is attached teres major muscle
a floor to which is attached latissimus dorsi muscle
The lateral lip of the intertubercular
sulcus is continuous inferiorly with a
large V-shaped deltoid tuberosity on
the lateral surface of the humerus
midway along its length , which is
where the deltoid muscle inserts onto
the humerus.
In approximately the same position, but on
the medial surface of the bone, there is a
thin vertical roughening for attachment of
the coracobrachialis muscle
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department
of Anatomy
B. Shaft:
1. Deltoid Tuberosity
2. Spiral groove
C. Distal end:
1. Radial Fossa
2. Lateral Epicondyle
3. Capitulum
4. Trochlea
5. Medial Epicondyle
6. Coronoid Fossa
7. Olecranon Fossa
Dr. Amjad Shatarat, MD,PhD. School of Medicine. Department of Anatomy
