UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025

REGULATIONS - 2009
CURRICULUM I TO IV SEMESTERS (FULL TIME)
M.E. AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

SEMESTER I
COURSE
SL.No. COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE
THEORY
1 MA9115 Applied Mathematics 3 1 0 4
2 AE9111 Aerodynamics 3 1 0 4
3 AE9112 Aircraft Structures 3 1 0 4
4 AE9113 Aerospace Propulsion 3 1 0 4
5 AE9114 Theory of Vibrations 3 0 0 3
6 E1 Elective II 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
7 AE9115 Structures Laboratory 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 18 4 4 22

SEMESTER II
COURSE
SL.No. COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE
THEORY
1 AE9121 Flight Mechanics 3 0 0 3
2 AE9122 Finite Element Methods* 3 0 2 4
Computational Fluid Dynamics in
3 AE9123 3 0 2 4
Aerospace Engineering
4 E2 Elective II 3 0 0 3
5 E3 Elective III 3 0 0 3
6 E4 Elective IV 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
7 AE9124 Aerodynamics Laboratory 0 0 4 2
TOTAL 18 0 8 22

1
 SEMESTER III
COURSE
SL.No. COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE
THEORY
1 E5 Elective V 3 0 0 3
2 E6 Elective VI 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
3 AE9131 Project work Phase I 0 0 12 6
TOTAL 6 0 12 12

SEMESTER IV
COURSE
SL.No. COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE
PRACTICAL
1 AE9141 Project work Phase II 0 0 24 12
TOTAL 0 0 24 12

* Term paper TOTAL = 24 + 22 + 12 + 12 = 70

LIST OF ELECTIVES

COURSE
S.NO COURSE TITLE L T P C
CODE
1. AE9150 Experimental Stress Analysis 3 0 0 3
2. AE9151 Numerical Heat Transfer 2 0 2 3
3. AE9152 Boundary Layer Theory 3 0 0 3
4. AE9153 Aircraft Design 2 0 2 3
5. AE9154 Industrial Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3
6. AE9155 Helicopter Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3
7. AE9156 Theory of Plates and Shells 3 0 0 3
8. AE9157 Structural Dynamics 3 0 0 3
9. AE9158 Aero elasticity 3 0 0 3
10. AE9159 High Temperature Problems in Structures 3 0 0 3
11. AE9160 Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics 3 0 0 3
12. AE9161 Theory of Elasticity 3 0 0 3
13. AE9162 Hypersonic Aerodynamics 3 0 0 3
14. AE9163 High Temperature Gas Dynamics 3 0 0 3
15. AE9164 Advanced Propulsion Systems 3 0 0 3
16. AE9165 Experimental Methods in Fluid Mechanics 3 0 0 3
17. AE9166 Wind Engineering 3 0 0 3
18. AE9167 Wind Tunnel Techniques 3 0 0 3
19. AE9168 Rocketry and Space Mechanics 3 0 0 3
20. AE9169 Composite Materials and Structures 3 0 0 3

2
MA9115 APPLIED MATHEMATICS L T P C
3 1 0 4

AIM:
To make available the advanced concepts of Engineering Mathematics to the engineers
and to provide the necessary mathematical skills that are needed in modeling physical
processes.

OBJECTIVES:
The engineers will have an exposure on various topics such as Matrix Theory, Calculus
of Variations, Differential equations, Interpolation and Integration and Linear
Programming problems to understand their applications in engineering problems.

UNIT I MATRIX THEORY 12

Eigen values using QR transformations – generalized eigenvectors – canonical forms –
singular value decomposition and applications – pseudo inverse – least square
approximations

UNIT II DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS – NONLINEAR ORDINARY

DIFFERENTIAL & PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 12
Introduction – Equations, with separable variables – Equations reducible to linear form –
Bernoulli’s equation – Riccati’s equation – Special forms of Riccati’s equation – Laplace
transform methods for one dimensional wave equation – Displacement in a long string –
Longitudinal vibration of an elastic bar.

UNIT III CALCULUS OF VARIATION 12

Introduction – Euler’s equation – several dependent variables Lagrange’s equations of
Dynamics – Integrals involving derivatives higher than the first – Problems with
constraints – Direct methods and eigen value problems.

UNIT IV INTERPOLATION AND INTEGRATION 12

Hermite’s Interpolation – Cubic Spline Interpolation – Gaussian Qundraline – Cubature.

UNIT V LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM 12

Simplex algorithm – Two phase and Big M Techniques – Duality theory – Dual simplex
method – Integer programming
L : 45 T:15 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Stephenson, G, Radmore, P.M., Advanced Mathematical Methods for
Engineering and Science students, Cambridge University Press 1999.
2. Bronson, R., Matrix Operations, Schaum’s outline series, McGraw Hill, New York,
1989.
3. Kreyszig,E., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley, 8th Edition, 2004.

3
REFERENCES
1. Froberg, C.E. Numerical Mathematics, The Benjaminn/Cummings Pulblishing
Co., Inc., 1985.
2. Jain, M.K., Iyengar, S.R.K., and Jain, R.K., Numerical Methods for Scientific &
Engineering computation, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1987.
3. Gupta, A.S. Calculus of Variations with Applications, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.
4. Sankara Rao, K., Introduction to Partial Differential Equations, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi 1997.
5. Boyce & DiPrima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary value
problems, with ODE Architect CD, 8th Edition, 2005.

4
AE 9111 AERODYNAMICS L T P C
3 1 0 4
OBJECTIVE

To understand the behaviour of airflow over bodies with particular emphasis on airfoil
sections in the incompressible flow regime.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO AERODYNAMICS 15

Hot air balloon and aircrafts, Various types of airplanes, Wings and airfoils, lift and Drag,
Centre of pressure and aerodynamic centre, Coefficient of pressure, moment coefficient,
Continuity and Momentum equations, Point source and sink, doublet, Free and Forced
Vortex, Uniform parallel flow, combination of basic flows, Pressure and Velocity
distributions on bodies with and without circulation in ideal and real fluid flows, Magnus
effect

UNIT II INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW THEORY 12

Conformal Transformation, Kutta condition, Karman – Trefftz profiles, Thin aerofoil
Theory and its applications. Vortex line, Horse shoe vortex, Biot - Savart law, lifting line
theory

UNIT III COMPRESSIBLE FLOW THEORY 13

Compressibility, Isentropic flow through nozzles, shocks and expansion waves, Rayleigh
and Fanno Flow, Potential equation for compressible flow, small perturbation theory,
Prandtl- Glauert Rule, Linearised supersonic flow, Method of characteristics

UNIT IV AIRFOILS, WINGS AND AIRPLANE CONFIGURATION IN HIGH SPEED

FLOWS 8
Critical Mach number, Drag divergence Mach number, Shock stall, super critical airfoils,
Transonic area rule, Swept wings (ASW and FSW), supersonic airfoils, wave drag, delta
wings, Design considerations for supersonic airplanes

UNIT V VISCOUS FLOW AND FLOW MEASUREMENTS 12

Basics of viscous flow theory – Boundary Layer – Displacement, momentum and Energy
Thickness – Laminar and Turbulent boundary layers – Boundary layer over flat plate –
Blasius Solution - Types of wind tunnels – Flow visualization processes – Measurement
of force and moments in wind tunnels.
L : 45 T : 15 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.D. Anderson, “Fundamentals of Aerodynamics”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New
York, 1985.
2. Rathakrishnan.E., Gas Dynamics, Prentice Hall of India, 1995.

REFERENCES
1. Shapiro, A.H., Dynamics & Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Ronald
Press, 1982.
2. E.L. Houghton and N.B. Caruthers, Aerodynamics for Engineering Students,
Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London (First Indian Edition), 1988
3. Zucrow, M.J., and Anderson, J.D., Elements of gas dynamics McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1989.
4. W.H. Rae and A. Pope, “Low speed Wind Tunnel Testing”, John Wiley
Publications, 1984.

5
AE 9112 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES L T P C
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVE
To study different types of beams and columns subjected to various types of loading and
support conditions with particular emphasis on aircraft structural components.

UNIT I BENDING OF BEAMS 12

Elementary theory of bending - Introduction to semi-monocoque structures - Bredt-Batho
theory - Stresses in beams of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sections -Box beams –
General formula for bending stresses- principal axes method – Neutral axis method.

UNIT II SHEAR FLOW IN OPEN SECTIONS 9

Shear stresses in beams – Shear flow in stiffened panels - Shear flow in thin walled
open tubes – Shear centre – Shear flow in open sections with stiffeners.

UNIT III SHEAR FLOW IN CLOSED SECTIONS 15

Shear flow in closed sections with stiffeners– Angle of twist - Shear flow in two flange
and three flange box beams – Shear centre - Shear flow in thin walled closed tubes -
Torsional shear flow in multi cell tubes - Flexural shear flow in multi cell stiffened
structures.

UNIT IV STABILITY PROBLEMS 12

Stability problems of thin walled structures– Buckling of sheets under compression,
shear, bending and combined loads - Crippling stresses by Needham’s and Gerard’s
methods–Sheet stiffener panels-Effective width, Inter rivet and sheet wrinkling failures-
Tension field web beams(Wagner’s).

UNIT V ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS 12

Loads on Wings – Schrenk’s curve - Shear force, bending moment and torque
distribution along the span of the Wing. Loads on fuselage - Shear and bending moment
distribution along the length of the fuselage. Analysis of rings and frames.

L : 45, T : 15, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. E.F. Bruhn, “Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures”, Tristate Offset
Co., 1980.
2. Megson, T.M.G; Aircraft Structures for Engineering Students, Edward Arnold,
1995.

REFERENCES
1. Peery, D.J. and Azar, J.J., Aircraft Structures, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1993.
2. Stephen P. Tinnoshenko & S.woinowsky Krieger, Theory of Plates and Shells, 2nd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1990.
3. Rivello, R.M., Theory and Analysis of Flight structures, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 1993

6
AE9113 AEROSPACE PROPULSION L T P C
3 1 0 4

OBJECTIVE

To understand the principles of operation and design of aircraft and spacecraft power
plants.
UNIT I ELEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT PROPULSION 12
Classification of power plants based on methods of aircraft propulsion – Propulsive
efficiency – Specific fuel consumption - Thrust and power- Factors affecting thrust and
power- Illustration of working of Gas turbine engine - Characteristics of turboprop,
turbofan and turbojet , Ram jet, Scram jet – Methods of Thrust augmentation.
UNIT II PROPELLER THEORY 12
Momentum / actuator disc theory, Blade element theory, combined blade element and
momentum theory, vortex theory, rotor in hover, rotor model with cylindrical wake and
constant circulation along blade, free wake model, Constant chord and ideal twist rotors,
Lateral flapping, Coriolis forces, reaction torque, compressibility effects, Ground effect.
UNIT III INLETS, NOZZLES AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS 12
Subsonic and supersonic inlets – Relation between minimum area ratio and external
deceleration ratio – Starting problem in supersonic inlets –Modes of inlet operation, jet
nozzle – Efficiencies – Over expanded, under and optimum expansion in nozzles –
Thrust reversal. Classification of Combustion chambers - Combustion chamber
performance – Flame tube cooling – Flame stabilization.
UNIT IV COMPRESSORS AND TURBINES 12
Centrifugal compressor – Work done and pressure rise – Velocity diagrams –
Elementary theory of axial flow compressor – degree of reaction – Impulse and reaction
gas turbines – Velocity triangles – Choice of blade profile, pitch and chord.
UNIT V ROCKET PROPULSION 12
Introduction to rocket propulsion – Reaction principle – Thrust equation – Classification
of rockets based on propellants used – solid, liquid and hybrid – Comparison of these
engines with special reference to rocket performance – Thrust control in liquid rockets.
L : 45, T :15 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Hill,P.G. and Peterson, C.R. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion,
Addison – Wesley Longman Inc. 1999
2. Cohen, H. Rogers, G.F.C. and Saravanamuttoo,H.I.H, Gas Turbine Theory,
Longman,1989
REFERENCES
1. G.C. Oates, “Aerothermodynamics of Aircraft Engine Components”, AIAA
Education Series, 1985.
2. G.P.Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 5th
Edition, 1986.
3. W.P.Gill, H.J.Smith & J.E. Ziurys, “Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines
as applied to Reciprocating, Gas turbine & Jet Propulsion Power Plants”, Oxford
& IBH Publishing Co., 1980.

7
AE 9114 THEORY OF VIBRATIONS L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE
To study the dynamic behaviour of different aircraft components and the interaction
among the aerodynamic, elastic and inertia forces

UNIT I SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS 8

Simple harmonic motion, definition of terminologies, Newton’s Laws, D’Alembert’s
principle, Energy methods. Free vibrations, free damped vibrations, and forced
vibrations with and without damping, base excitation, and vibration measuring
instruments.

UNIT II MULTI-DEGREES OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS 12

Two degrees of freedom systems, Static and dynamic couplings, eigen values, eigen
vectors and orthogonality conditions of eigen vectors, Vibration absorber, Principal
coordinates, Principal modes. Hamilton’s Principle, Lagrangean equation and their
applications.

UNIT III VIBRATION OF ELASTIC BODIES 10

Transverse vibrations of strings, Longitudinal, Lateral and Torsional vibrations.
Approximate methods for calculating natural frequencies.

UNIT IV EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS & DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LARGE

SYSTEMS
10
Eigen value extraction methods – Subspace hydration method, Lanczos method – Eigen
value reduction method – Dynamic response of large systems – Implicit and explicit
methods.

UNIT V ELEMENTS OF AEROELASTICITY 5

Aeroelastic problems – Collar’s triangle of forces – Wing divergence – Aileron control
reversal – Flutter.
L : 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Timoshenko, S. “Vibration Problems in Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1987.
2. Meirovitch, L. “Elements of Vibration Analysis”, McGraw-Hill Inc., 1986.
3. Thomson W.T, Marie Dillon Dahleh, “Theory of Vibrations with Applications”,
Prentice Hall, 1997
REFERENCES
1. F.S. Tse., I.F. Morse and R.T. Hinkle, “Mechanical Vibrations”, Prentice-Hall of
India, 1985.
2. Rao.J.S. and Gupta.K. “Theory and Practice of Mechanical Vibrations”, Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.
3. Fung, Y.C., “An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York, 1985.

8
AE9115 STRUCTURES LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 4 2
OBJECTIVE
To experimentally study the unsymmetrical bending of beams, find the location of shear
centre , obtain the stresses in circular discs and beams using photoelastic techniques,
calibration of photo – elastic materials and study on vibration of beams.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Constant strength Beams

2. Buckling of columns
3. Unsymmetrical Bending of Beams
4. Shear Centre Location for Open Section
5. Shear Centre Location for Closed Section
6. Flexibility Matrix for Cantilever Beam
7. Combined Loading
8. Calibration of Photo Elastic Materials
9. Stresses in Circular Disc Under Diametrical Compression – Photo Elastic Method
10. Vibration of Beams with Different Support Conditions
11. Determination of elastic constants of a composite laminate.
12. Wagner beam

TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 60

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS REQUIREMENTS

1. Constant strength beam setup

2. Column setup
3. Unsymmetrical Bending setup
4. Experimental setup for location of shear centre (open & close section)
5. Cantilever beam setup
6. Experimental setup for bending and torsional loads
7. Diffuser transmission type polariscope with accessories
8. Experimental setup for vibration of beams
9. Universal Testing Machine
10. Wagner beam setup

9
AE 9121 FLIGHT MECHANICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE

To understand the behaviour of airflow over bodies with particular emphasis on airfoil
sections in the incompressible flow regime.

UNIT I PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT 7

Physical properties and structure of the atmosphere, International Standard Atmosphere,
Temperature, pressure and altitude relationship, Measurement of speed – True,
Indicated and Equivalent air speed, Streamlined and bluff bodies, Various Types of drag
in airplanes, Drag polar, Methods of drag reduction of airplanes.

UNIT II AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE IN LEVEL, CLIMBING AND GLIDING FLIGHT 11

Straight and level flight, Thrust required and available, Power required and available,
Effect of altitude on thrust and power, Conditions for minimum drag and minimum power
required, Gliding and Climbing flight, Range and Endurance

UNIT III ACCELERATING FLIGHT 8

Take off and landing performance, Turning performance, horizontal and vertical turn,
Pull up and pull down, maximum turn rate, V-n diagram

UNIT IV LONGITUDINAL STABILITY AND CONTROL 10

Degrees of freedom of a system, static and dynamic stability, static longitudinal stability,
Contribution of individual components, neutral point, static margin, Hinge moment,
Elevator control effectiveness, Power effects, elevator angle to trim, elevator angle per g,
maneuver point, stick force gradient, aerodynamic balancing, Aircraft equations of
motion, stability derivatives, stability quartic, Phugoid motion

UNIT V LATERAL, DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND CONTROL 9

Yaw and side slip, Dihedral effect, contribution of various components, lateral control,
aileron control power, strip theory, aileron reversal, weather cock stability, directional
control, rudder requirements, dorsal fin, One engine inoperative condition, Dutch roll,
spiral and directional divergence, autorotation and spin
L : 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Houghton, E.L., and Caruthers, N.B., Aerodynamics for engineering students,
Edward Arnold Publishers, 1988.
2. Perkins C.D., & Hage, R.E. Airplane performance, stability and control, Wiley
Toppan, 1974.
REFERENCES
1. Kuethe, A.M., and Chow, C.Y., Foundations of Aerodynamics, John Wiley &
Sons, 1982.
2. Clancey,L.J. Aerodynamics, Pitman, 1986.
3. Babister, A.W. Aircraft stability and response, Pergamon Press, 1980.
4. Nelson, R.C. Flight Stability & Automatic Control, McGraw-Hill, 1989.
5. McCormic, B.W., Aerodynamics, Aeronautics & Flight Mechanics John Wiley,
1995.

10
AE 9122 FINITE ELEMENT METHODS L T P C
3 0 2 4
OBJECTIVE
To introduce the concept of numerical analysis of structural components
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10
Review of various approximate methods – Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin and Finite Difference
Methods - Stiffness and flexibility matrices for simple cases - Basic concepts of finite
element method - Formulation of governing equations and convergence criteria.
UNIT II DISCRETE ELEMENTS 10
Use of bar and beam elements for static, dynamic and structural analysis – Bar of
varying section – Temperature effects
Practical
Program Development and use of software package for application of bar and beam
elements for static, dynamic and stability analysis. 10
UNIT III CONTINUUM ELEMENTS 12
Different forms of 2-D elements and their applications for plane stress, plane strain and
axisymmetric problems – CST Element – LST Element - Consistent and lumped load
vectors. Use of local co-ordinates. Numerical integration. – 2-D formulations for scalar
variable problems - Application to heat transfer problems.
Practical
Solution for 2-D problems (static analysis and heat transfer) using software packages.10
UNIT IV ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENTS 8
Definition and use of different forms of 2-D and 3-D elements. - Formulation of element
stiffness matrix and load vector.
Practical
Solution for 2-D problems (static analysis and heat transfer) using software packages.10

UNIT V SOLUTION SCHEMES 5

Different methods of solution of simultaneous equations governing static, dynamics and
stability problems. General purpose Software packages.

L : 45, P:30 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 75

TEXT BOOKS
1. Segerlind,L.J. “Applied Finite Element Analysis”, Second Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc., New York, 1984.
2. Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla and Ashok D. Belegundu, Introduction to Finite
Elements in Engineering, Prentice Hall, 2002
3. S.S.Rao, “Finite Element Method in Engineering”, Butterworth, Heinemann
Publishing, 3rd Edition, 1998

REFERENCES
1. Robert D. Cook, David S. Malkus, Michael E. Plesha and Robert J. Witt
“Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis”, 4 th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, 2002.
2. K.J. Bathe and E.L. Wilson, “Numerical Methods in Finite Elements Analysis”,
Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 1983.
3. C.S. Krishnamurthy, “Finite Elements Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1987.

11
AE 9123 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
L T P C
3 0 2 4
OBJECTIVE
To study the flow of dynamic fluids by computational methods

UNIT I NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF SOME FLUID DYNAMICAL PROBLEMS

9
Basic fluid dynamics equations, Equations in general orthogonal coordinate system,
Body fitted coordinate systems, Stability analysis of linear system. Finding solution of a
simple gas dynamic problem, Local similar solutions of boundary layer equations,
Numerical integration and shooting technique.
Practical
Numerical solution for CD nozzle isentropic flows and local similar solutions of boundary
layer equations. 6

UNIT II GRID GENERATION

9
Need for grid generation – Various grid generation techniques – Algebraic, conformal
and numerical grid generation – importance of grid control functions – boundary point
control – orthogonality of grid lines at boundaries.
Practical
Elliptic grid generation using Laplace’s equations for geometries like airfoil and CD
nozzle.
8
UNIT III TRANSONIC RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
9
Small perturbation flows, Transonic small perturbation (TSP) equations, Central and
backward difference schemes, conservation equations and shockpoint operator, Line
relaxation techniques, Acceleration of convergence rate, Jameson’s rotated difference
scheme -stretching of coordinates, shock fitting techniques Flow in body fitted coordinate
system.
Practical
Numerical solution of 1-D conduction- convection energy equation using time dependent
methods using both implicit and explicit schemes – application of time split method for
the above equation and comparison of the results.

UNIT IV TIME DEPENDENT METHODS

9
Stability of solution, Explicit methods, Time split methods, Approximate factorization
scheme, Unsteady transonic flow around airfoils. Some time dependent solutions of gas
dynamic problems.
Practical
Numerical solution of unsteady 2-D heat conduction problems using SLOR methods
4

12
 UNIT V PANEL METHODS
9
Elements of two and three dimensional panels, panel singularities. Application of panel
methods to incompressible, compressible, subsonic and supersonic flows.
Practical
Numerical solution of flow over a cylinder using 2-D panel methods using both vertex
and source panel methods for lifting and non lifting cases respectively.
4

L : 45, P : 30 TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 75

TEXT BOOKS
1. T.J. Chung, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2002
2. C.Y.Chow, “Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics”, John Wiley, 1979.
3. A.A. Hirsch, ‘Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw-Hill, 1989.

REFERENCES
1. T.K.Bose, “Computation Fluid Dynamics” Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1988.
2. H.J. Wirz and J.J. Smeldern “Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw-
Hill & Co., 1978.
3. John D. Anderson, JR” Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Inc., New York, 1995.

13
AE 9124 AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY L T P C
0 0 4 2

OBJECTIVE

To familiarize the students in basic aerodynamics and use of wind tunnels.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Calibration of subsonic wind tunnel

2. Pressure distribution over a smooth and rough cylinders
3. Pressure distribution over a symmetric aerofoil section
4. Pressure distribution over a cambered aerofoil section
5. Force measurement using wind tunnel balance for various models
6. Pressure distribution over a wing of symmetric aerofoil section
7. Pressure distribution over a wing of cambered aerofoil section
8. Flow visualization studies in incompressible flows
9. Calibration of supersonic wind tunnel
10. Supersonic flow visualization studies

TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 60

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS REQUIREMENTS

1. Subsonic wind tunnel
2. Rough and smooth cylinder
3. Symmetrical Cambered aerofoil
4. Wind tunnel balance
5. Schlieren system
6. Pressure Transducers

14
AE 9150 EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE

To bring awareness on experimental method of finding the response of the structure to

different types of load.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8
Principle of measurements-Accuracy, sensitivity and range- Mechanical, Optical,
Acoustical and Electrical extensometers.

UNIT II ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE STRAIN GAUGES 12

Principle of operation and requirements-Types and their uses-Materials for strain gauge-
Calibration and temperature compensation-Cross sensitivity-Rosette analysis-
Wheatstone bridge-Potentiometer circuits for static and dynamic strain measurements-
Strain indicators.

UNIT III PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOELASTICITY

9
Two dimensional photo elasticity-Concepts of photoelastic effects-Photoelastic
materials-Stress optic law-Plane polariscope–Circular polariscope-Transmission and
Reflection type-Effect of stressed model in Plane and Circular polariscope. Interpretation
of fringe pattern Isoclinics and Isochromatics.-Fringe sharpening and Fringe
multiplication techniques-Compensation and separation techniques-Introduction to three
dimensional photoelasticity.

UNIT IV PHOTOELASTICITY AND INTERFEROMETRY TECHNIQUES

9
Fringe sharpening and Fringe multiplication techniques-Compensation and separation
techniques-Calibration methods –Photo elastic materials. Introduction to three
dimensional photoelasticity. Moire fringes – Laser holography – Grid methods-Stress
coat

UNIT V NON DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES

7
Radiography- Ultrasonics- Magnetic particle inspection- Fluorescent penetrant
technique-Eddy current testing- Acoustic emission technique.
L : 45, TOTAL : 45

15
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.W. Dally and M.F. Riley, “Experimental Stress Analysis”, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1988.
2. Srinath,L.S., Raghava,M.R., Lingaiah,K. Gargesha,G.,Pant B. and
Ramachandra,K. – Experimental Stress Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1984
3. P. Fordham, “Non-Destructive Testing Techniques” Business Publications,
London, 1988.

REFERENCES
1. M. Hetenyi, “Handbook of Experimental Stress Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York, 1980.
2. G.S. Holister, “Experimental Stress Analysis, Principles and Methods”,
Cambridge University Press, 1987.
3. A.J. Durelli and V.J. Parks, “Moire Analysis of Strain”, Prentice Hall Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1980.

16
 LTPC
AE 9151 NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER 2 0 2 3

OBJECTIVE
To introduce the concepts of heat transfer to enable the students to design components
subjected to thermal loading.

UNIT I BASICS OF HEAT TRANSFER 6

Basic review of heat transfer –Conduction Convection -Radiation– Aerospace problems-
Application of numerical methods

UNIT II CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER 6

Conduction – Convection systems – Numerical treatment of 1-D and 2-D heat
conduction – Problems in Cartesian and polar coordinate systems – conduction with
heat generation - Heat transfer problems in infinite and semi infinite solids – 1-D
Transient analysis

UNIT III CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER 6

Convection- Numerical treatment of steady 1-D and 2-d heat convection-diffusion
steady-unsteady problems- Computation of thermal boundary layer flows-Transient free
convection from a heat vertical plate

UNIT IV RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER 6

Radiation- Numerical treatment of radiation problems- transient mixed convection and
radiation from a vertical fin.

UNIT V SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 6

Heat transfer problem in gas turbine combustion chamber-ablative heat transfer-
Aerodynamic heating-Moving boundary problems - Numerical treatment.
PRACTICALS
Developing a numerical code for 1D, 2D heat transfer problems. 30

L : 30, P : 30 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. P. S. Ghoshdasidar , “Computer simulation of low and Heat transfer” McGraw-Hill
Book Co., Inc., New Delhi, 1998.
2. Yunus A. Cengel, Heat Transfer – A Practical Approach Tata McGraw Hill
Edition, 2003
3. S.C. Sachdeva, “Fundamentals of Engineering Heat & Mass Transfer”, Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1981.

REFERENCES
1. John H. Lienhard, “A Heat Transfer Text Book”, Prentice Hall Inc., 1981.
2. J.P. Holman, “Heat Transfer”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 6 th Edition,
1991.
3. John D. Anderson, JR” Computational Fluid Dynamics”, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
Inc., New York, 1995.
4. T.J. Chung, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2002
5. C.Y.Chow, “Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics”, John Wiley, 1979.

17
AE 9152 BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE

UNIT I VISCOUS FLOW EQUATIONS 9

Navier-Stokes Equations, Creeping motion, Couette flow, Poiseuille flow through ducts,
Ekman drift.

UNIT II LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 9

Development of boundary layer – Estimation of boundary layer thickness, Displacement
thickness - Momentum and energy thicknesses for two dimensional flow – Two
dimensional boundary layer equations – Similarity solutions - Blasius solution.

UNIT III TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER 9

Physical and mathematical description of turbulence, two-dimensional turbulent
boundary layer equations, Velocity profiles – Inner, outer and overlap layers, Transition
from laminar to turbulent boundary layers, turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate,
mixing length hypothesis.

UNIT IV APPROXIMATE SOLUTION TO BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS 9

Approximate integral methods, digital computer solutions – Von Karman – Polhausen
method.

UNIT V THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER 9

Introduction to thermal boundary layer – Heat transfer in boundary layer - Convective
heat transfer, importance of non dimensional numbers – Prandtl number, Nusselt
number, Lewis number etc.
L : 45 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. H. Schlichting, “Boundary Layer Theory”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979.
2. Frank White – Viscous Fluid flow – McGraw Hill, 1998

REFERENCES
1. A. J. Reynolds, “Turbulent flows in Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
2. Ronald L., Panton, “Incompressible fluid flow”, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
3. Tuncer Cebeci and Peter Bradshaw, “Momentum transfer in boundary layers”,
Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1977.

18
AE 9153 AIRCRAFT DESIGN L T P C
2 0 2 3
OBJECTIVE
To introduce and develop the basic concept of aircraft design.
Each student is assigned the design of an Airplane (or Helicopter or any other flight
vehicle), for given preliminary specifications. The following are the assignments to be
carried out:
UNIT I REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION 6
Categories and types of aircrafts – various configurations – Layouts and their relative
merits – strength, stiffness, fail safe and fatigue requirements – Manoeuvering load
factors – Gust and manoeuverability envelopes – Balancing and maneuvering loads on
tail planes.

UNIT II POWER PLANT TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS 6

Characteristics of different types of power plants – Propeller characteristics and
selection – Relative merits of location of power plant.

UNIT III PRELIMINARY DESIGN 6

Selection of geometric and aerodynamic parameters – Weight estimation and balance
diagram – Drag estimation of complete aircraft – Level flight, climb, take – off and
landing calculations – range and endurance – static and dynamic stability estimates –
control requirements.

UNIT IV SPECIAL PROBLEMS 6

Layout peculiarities of subsonic and supersonic aircraft – optimisation – of wing loading
to achieve desired performance – loads on undercarriages and design requirements.

UNIT V STRUCTURAL DESIGN 6

Estimation of loads on complete aircraft and components – Structural design of fuselage,
wings and undercarriages, controls, connections and joints. Materials for modern aircraft
– Methods of analysis, testing and fabrication.
PRACICALS
Conceptual design of an aircraft for given specifications. 30

L : 30, P : 30 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. D.P. Raymer, “Aircraft conceptual design”, AIAA Series, 1988.
2. G. Corning, “Supersonic & Subsonic Airplane Design”, II Edition, Edwards
Brothers Inc., Michigan, 1953.
3. E.F. Bruhn, “Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures”, Tristate Offset
Co., U.S.A., 1980.

REFERENCES
1. E. Torenbeek, “Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design”, Delft University Press,
London, 1976.
2. H.N.Kota, Integrated design approach to Design fly by wire” Lecture notes
Interline Pub. Bangalore, 1992.
3. A.A. Lebedenski, “Notes on airplane design”, Part-I, I.I.Sc., Bangalore, 1971.

19
AE 9154 INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE:
To familiarize the learner with non-aeronautical uses of aerodynamics such as road
vehicle, building aerodynamics and problems of flow induced vibrations.

UNIT I ATMOSPHERE 9
Types of winds, Causes of variation of winds, Atmospheric boundary layer, Effect of
terrain on gradient height, Structure of turbulent flows.

UNIT II WIND ENERGY COLLECTORS 9

Horizontal axis and vertical axis machines, Power coefficient, Betz coefficient by
momentum theory.

UNIT III VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS 9

Power requirements and drag coefficients of automobiles, Effects of cut back angle,
Aerodynamics of trains and Hovercraft.

UNIT IV BUILDING AERODYNAMICS 9

Pressure distribution on low rise buildings, wind forces on buildings. Environmental
winds in city blocks, Special problems of tall buildings, Building codes, Building
ventilation and architectural aerodynamics.

UNIT V FLOW INDUCED VIBRATIONS 9

Effects of Reynolds number on wake formation of bluff shapes, Vortex induced
vibrations, Galloping and stall flutter.

L : 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. M.Sovran (Ed), “Aerodynamics and drag mechanisms of bluff bodies and road
vehicles”, Plenum press, New York, 1978.
2. P. Sachs, “Winds forces in engineering”, Pergamon Press, 1978.

REFERENCES
1. R.D. Blevins, “Flow induced vibrations”, Van Nostrand, 1990.
2. N.G. Calvent, “Wind Power Principles”, Charles Griffin & Co., London, 1979.

20
AE 9155 HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE:
To present the basic ideas of evolution, performance and associated stability problems
of helicopter.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 7
Types of rotorcraft – autogiro, gyrodyne, helicopter, Main rotor system – articulated,
semi rigid, rigid rotors, Collective pitch control, cyclic pitch control, anti torque pedals.

UNIT II HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS 12

Momentum / actuator disc theory, Blade element theory, combined blade element and
momentum theory, vortex theory, rotor in hover, rotor model with cylindrical wake and
constant circulation along blade, free wake model, Constant chord and ideal twist rotors,
Lateral flapping, Coriolis forces, reaction torque, compressibility effects, Ground effect.

UNIT III PERFORMANCE 9

Hover and vertical flight, forward level flight, Climb in forward flight, optimum speeds,
Maximum level speed, rotor limits envelope – performance curves with effects of altitude

UNIT IV STABILITY AND CONTROL 9

Helicopter Trim, Static stability – Incidence disturbance, forward speed disturbance,
angular velocity disturbance, yawing disturbance, Dynamic Stability.

UNIT V AERODYNAMIC DESIGN 8

Blade section design, Blade tip shapes, Drag estimation – Rear fuselage upsweep,

L : 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. J. Seddon, “ Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics”, AIAA Education series, Blackwell
scientific publications, U.K, 1990.
2. A. Gessow and G.C.Meyers, “Aerodynamics of the Helicopter”, Macmillan and
Co., New York, 1982.

REFERENCES
1. John Fay, “The Helicopter”, Himalayan Books, New Delhi, 1995.
2. Lalit Gupta, “Helicopter Engineering”, Himalayan Books, New Delhi, 1996.
3. Lecture Notes on “Helicopter Technology”, Department of Aerospace
Engineering, IIT –Kanpur and Rotary Wing aircraft R&D center, HAL, Bangalore,
1998.

21
AE 9156 THEORY OF PLATES AND SHELLS L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE:
To study the behaviour of the plates and shells with different geometry under various
types of loads.

UNIT I CLASSICAL PLATE THEORY

8
Classical Plate Theory – Assumptions – Differential Equations – Boundary Conditions.

UNIT II PLATES OF VARIOUS SHAPES

10
Navier’s Method of Solution for Simply Supported Rectangular Plates – Levy’s Method of
Solution for Rectangular Plates under Different Boundary Conditions – Circular plates.

UNIT III EIGEN VALUE ANALYSIS

8
Stability and Free Vibration Analysis of Rectangular Plates.

UNIT IV APPROXIMATE METHODS

10
Rayleigh – Ritz, Galerkin Methods– Finite Difference Method – Application to
Rectangular Plates for Static, Free Vibration and Stability Analysis.

UNIT V SHELLS
9
Basic Concepts of Shell Type of Structures – Membrane and Bending Theories for
Circular Cylindrical Shells.

L :45 –TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Timoshenko, S.P. Winowsky. S., and Kreger, Theory of Plates and Shells,
McGraw Hill Book Co., 1990.
2. T.K.Varadan & K. Bhaskar, “Análysis of plates – Theory and problems”, Narosha
Publishing Co., 1999.

REFERENCES
1. Flugge, W. Stresses in Shells, Springer – Verlag, 1985.
2. Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J.M., Theory of Elastic Stability, McGraw Hill Book
Co. 1986.
3. Harry Kraus, ‘Thin Elastic Shells’, John Wiley and Sons, 1987.

22
AE 9157 STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE

UNIT I FORCE-DEFLECTION PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURES 10

Constraints and Generalized coordinates – Virtual work and generalized forces – Force
– Deflection influence functions – stiffness and flexibility methods.

UNIT II PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS 10

Free and forced vibrations of systems with finite degrees of freedom – Damped
oscillations – D”Alembert’s principle – Hamilton’s principle – Lagrangean equations of
motion and applications.

UNIT III NATURAL MODES OF VIBRATION 10

Equations of motion for free vibrations. Solution of Eigen value problems – Normal
coordinates and orthogonality conditions of eigen vectors.

UNIT IV ENERGY METHODS 8

Rayleigh’s principle – Rayleigh – Ritz method – Coupled natural modes – Effect of rotary
inertia and shear on lateral vibrations of beams – Natural vibrations of plates.

UNIT V APPROXIMATE METHODS 7

Approximate methods of evaluating the eigen values and the dynamic response of
continuous systems. Application of Matrix methods for dynamic analysis.

L : 45 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. W.C. Hurty and M.F. Rubinstein, “Dynamics of Structures”, Prentice Hall of India
Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 1987.
2. F.S.Tse, I.E. Morse and H.T. Hinkle, “Mechanical Vibration”, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.

REFERENCES
1. R.K. Vierck, “Vibration Analysis”, 2nd Edition, Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., Harper
& Row Publishers, New York, U.S.A., 1989.
2. S.P. Timoshenko and D.H. Young, “Vibration Problems in Engineering”, John
Willey & Sons Inc., 1984.
3. Von. Karman and A.Biot, “Mathematical Methods in Engineering”, McGraw-Hill
Book Co., New York, 1985.

23
AE 9158 AEROELASTICITY L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE
To understand the theoretical concepts of material behaviour with particular emphasis
on their elasticity property.

UNIT I AEROELASTIC PHENOMENA 6

Stability versus response problems – The aero-elastic triangle of forces – Aeroelasticity
in Aircraft Design – Prevention of aeroelastic instabilities. Influence and stiffness co-
efficients. Coupled oscillations.

UNIT II DIVERGENCE OF A LIFTING SURFACE 10

Simple two dimensional idealisations-Strip theory – Integral equation of the second kind
– Exact solutions for simple rectangular wings – ‘Semirigid’ assumption and approximate
solutions – Generalised coordinates – Successive approximations – Numerical
approximations using matrix equations.

UNIT III STEADY STATE AEROLASTIC PROBLEMS 9

Loss and reversal of aileron control – Critical aileron reversal speed – Aileron efficiency
– Semi rigid theory and successive approximations – Lift distribution – Rigid and elastic
wings. Tail efficiency. Effect of elastic deformation on static longitudinal stability.

UNIT IV FLUTTER PHENOMENON 14

Non-dimensional parameters – Stiffness criteria – Dynamic mass balancing –
Dimensional similarity. Flutter analysis – Two dimensional thin airfoils in steady
incompressible flow – Quasisteady aerodynamic derivatives. Galerkin method for critical
flutter speed – Stability of disturbed motion – Solution of the flutter determinant –
Methods of determining the critical flutter speeds – Flutter prevention and control.

UNIT V EXAMPLES OF AEROELASTIC PROBLEMS 6

Galloping of transmission lines and Flow induced vibrations of transmission lines, tall
slender structures and suspension bridges.
L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Y.C. Fung, “An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York, 2008.
2. E.G. Broadbent, “Elementary Theory of Aeroelasticity”, Bun Hill Publications Ltd.,
1986.

REFERENCES
1. R.L. Bisplinghoff, H.Ashley, and R.L. Halfmann, “Aeroelasticity”, II Edition
Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., 1996.
2. R.H. Scanlan and R.Rosenbaum, “Introduction to the study of Aircraft Vibration
and Flutter”, Macmillan Co., New York, 1981.
3. R.D.Blevins, “Flow Induced Vibrations”, Krieger Pub Co., 2001

24
AE 9159 HIGH TEMPERATURE PROBLEMS IN STRUCTURES L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I TEMPERATURE EQUATIONS & AERODYNAMIC HEATING 9

For condition, radiation and convection – Fourier’s equation – Boundary and initial
conditions – One-dimensional problem formulations – Methods and Solutions. Heat
balance equation for idealised structures – Adiabatic temperature – Variations –
Evaluation of transient temperature.

UNIT II THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS 9

Thermal stresses and strains – Equations of equilibrium – Boundary conditions –
Thermoelasticity – Two dimensional problems and solutions – Airy stress function and
applications.

UNIT III THERMAL STRESS IN BEAMS, TRUSSES AND THIN CYLINDERS 9

Thermal stresses in axially loaded members, beams with varying cross sections. Effect
of temperature in thin cylinders.

UNIT IV THERMAL STRESSES IN PLATES 9

Membrane thermal stresses – Circular plates – Rectangular plates – Bending thermal
stresses – Thick plates with temperature varying along thickness – Thermal vibration of
plates.

UNIT V SPECIAL TOPICS & MATERIALS 9

Thermal bucking, Fatigue and shock applications – High temperature effects on material
properties.
L : 45 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. A.B. Bruno and H.W. Jerome, “Theory of Thermal Stresses”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York, 1980.
2. N.J. Hoff, “High Temperature effects in Aircraft Structures”, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., London, 1986.

REFERENCE
1. D.J. Johns, “Thermal Stress Analysis”, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985.

25
AE 9160 FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I FATIGUE OF STRUCTURES 10

S.N. curves – Endurance limit – Effect of mean stress – Goodman, Gerber and
Soderberg relations and diagrams – Notches and stress concentrations – Neuber’s
stress concentration factors – plastic stress concentration factors – Notched S-N curves.

UNIT II STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR 8

Low cycle and high cycle fatigue – Coffin-Manson’s relation – Transition life – Cyclic
Strain hardening and softening – Analysis of load histories – Cycle counting techniques
– Cumulative damage – Miner’s theory – other theories.

UNIT III PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF FATIGUE 5

Phase in fatigue life – Crack initiation – Crack growth – Final fracture – Dislocations –
Fatigue fracture surfaces.

UNIT IV FRACTURE MECHANICS 15

Strength of cracked bodies – potential energy and surface energy – Griffith’s theory –
Irwin – Orwin extension of Griffith’s theory to ductile materials – Stress analysis of
cracked bodies – Effect of thickness on fracture toughness – Stress intensity factors for
typical geometries.

UNIT V FATIGUE DESIGN AND TESTING 7

Safe life and fail safe design philosophies – Importance of Fracture Mechanics in
aerospace structure – Application to composite materials and structures.

L : 45 – TOTALNUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. D.Brock, “Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics”, Noordhoff International
Publishing Co., London, 1994.
2. J.F.Knott, “Fundamentals of Fracture Mechanics”, Butterworth & Co.,
(Publishers) Ltd., London, 1983.

REFERENCES
1. W.Barrois and L.Ripley, “Fatigue of Aircraft Structures”, Pergamon Press,
Oxford, 1983.
2. C.G.Sih, “Mechanics of Fracture”, Vol.1 Sijthoff and Noordhoff International
Publishing Co., Netherland, 1989.

26
AE 9161 THEORY OF ELASTICITY L T P C
3 0 0 3
OBJECTIVE
To understand the theoretical concepts of material behaviour with particular emphasis
on their elasticity property.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 6
Definition, notations and sign conventions for stress and strain – Stress - strain relations,
Strain-displacement relations- Elastic constants.

UNIT II BASIC EQUATIONS OF ELASTICITY 10

Equations of equilibrium – Compatibility equations in strains and stresses –Boundary
Conditions - Saint-Venant’s principle - Stress ellipsoid – Stress invariants – Principal
stresses in 2-D and
3-D.

UNIT III 2 - D PROBLEMS IN CARTESIAN COORDINATES 9

Plane stress and plain strain problems - Airy’s stress function – Biharmonic equations –
2-D problems – Cantilever and simply supported beams.

UNIT IV 2 - D PROBLEMS IN POLAR COORDINATES 12

Equations of equilibrium – Strain – displacement relations – Stress – strain relations –
Airy’s stress function – Axisymmetric problems - Bending of Curved Bars - Circular
Discs and Cylinders – Rotating Discs and Cylinders - Kirsch, Boussinasque’s and
Michell’s problems.

UNIT V TORSION 8
Coulomb’s theory-Navier’s theory-Saint Venant’s Semi-Inverse method – Torsion of
Circular, Elliptical and Triangular sections - Prandtl’s theory-Membrane analogy.

L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. S.P. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
2. E. Sechler, “Elasticity in Engineering” John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1980.

REFERENCES
1. Ugural, A.C and Fenster, S.K, Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity,
Prentice hall, 2003
2. Wang, C.T. Applied elasticity, McGraw Hill 1993
3. Enrico Volterra and Caines, J.H, Advanced strength of Materials, Prentice Hall,
1991

27
AE 9162 HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE:
To present the basic ideas of hypersonic flow and the associated problem areas.

UNIT I BASICS OF HYPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS 8

Thin shock layers – entropy layers – low density and high density flows – hypersonic
flight paths hypersonic flight similarity parameters – shock wave and expansion wave
relations of inviscid hypersonic flows.

UNIT II SURFACE INCLINATION METHODS FOR HYPERSONIC INVISCID FLOWS 9

Local surface inclination methods – modified Newtonian Law – Newtonian theory –
tangent wedge or tangent cone and shock expansion methods – Calculation of surface
flow properties

UNIT III APPROXIMATE METHODS FOR INVISCID HYPERSONIC FLOWS` 9

Approximate methods hypersonic small disturbance equation and theory – thin shock
layer theory – blast wave theory - entropy effects - rotational method of characteristics -
hypersonic shock wave shapes and correlations.

UNIT IV VISCOUS HYPERSONIC FLOW THEORY 10

Navier–Stokes equations – boundary layer equations for hypersonic flow – hypersonic
boundary layer – hypersonic boundary layer theory and non similar hypersonic boundary
layers – hypersonic aerodynamic heating and entropy layers effects on aerodynamic
heating.

UNIT V VISCOUS INTERACTIONS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS 9

Strong and weak viscous interactions – hypersonic shockwaves and boundary layer
interactions – Role of similarity parameter for laminar viscous interactions in hypersonic
viscous flow.

L : 45 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. John D. Anderson, Jr, Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics,
McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.

REFERENCES
1. John.D.Anderson, Jr., Modern Compressible Flow with Historical perspective
Hypersonic Series.
2. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air Breathing propulsion, AIAA
Education Series.
3. John T. Bertin, Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, 1994 AIAA Inc., Washington
D.C.

28
AE 9163 HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS DYNAMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 8
Nature of high temperature flows – Chemical effects in air – Real perfect gases – Gibb’s
free energy and entropy by chemical and non equilibrium – Chemically reacting mixtures
and boundary layers.

UNIT II STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS 8

Introduction to statistical thermodynamics – Relevance to hypersonic flow - Microscopic
description of gases – Boltzman distribution – Cartesian function

UNIT III KINETIC THEORY AND HYPERSONIC FLOWS 9

Chemical equilibrium calculation of equilibrium composition of high temperature air –
equilibrium properties of high temperature air – collision frequency and mean free path –
velocity and speed distribution functions.

UNIT IV INVISCID HIGH TEMPERATURE FLOWS 10

Equilibrium and non – equilibrium flows – governing equations for inviscid high
temperature equilibrium flows – equilibrium normal and oblique shock wave flows –
frozen and equilibrium flows – equilibrium conical and blunt body flows – governing
equations for non equilibrium inviscid flows.

UNIT V TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN HIGH TEMPERATURE GASES 10

Transport coefficients – mechanisms of diffusion – total thermal conductivity – transport
characteristics for high temperature air – radiative transparent gases – radiative transfer
equation for transport, absorbing and emitting and absorbing gases.

L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. John D. Anderson, Jr., Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics,
McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.
2. John D. Anderson, Jr., Modern Compressible Flow with Historical perspective
McGraw-Hill Series, New York, 1996.

REFERENCES
1. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Air breathing propulsion, AIAA
Education Series.
2. John T. Bertin, Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics publishers - AIAA Inc.,
Washington, D.C.,1994.
3. T.K.Bose, High Temperature Gas Dynamics,

29
AE 9164 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE
To study in detail about gas turbines, ramjet, fundamentals of rocket propulsion and
chemical rockets

UNIT I THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE ANALYSIS OF AIR-BREATHING

PROPULSION SYSTEMS 8
Air breathing propulsion systems like Turbojet, turboprop, ducted fan, Ramjet and Air
augmented rockets – Thermodynamic cycles – Pulse propulsion – Combustion process
in pulse jet engines – inlet charging process – Supercritical charging and subcritical
discharging – Subcritical charging and subcritical discharging – Subcritical charging and
supercritical discharging.

UNIT II RAMJETS AND AIR AUGMENTED ROCKETS 8

Preliminary performance calculations – Diffuser design and hypersonic inlets –
combustor and nozzle design – air augmented rockets – engines with supersonic
combustion.

UNIT III SCRAMJET PROPULSION SYSTEM 12

Fundamental considerations of hypersonic air breathing vehicles – Preliminary concepts
in engine airframe integration – calculation of propulsion flow path – flowpath integration
– Various types of supersonic combustors – fundamental requirements of supersonic
combustors – Mixing of fuel jets in supersonic cross flow – performance estimation of
supersonic combustors.

UNIT IV NUCLEAR PROPULSION 9

Nuclear rocket engine design and performance – nuclear rocket reactors – nuclear
rocket nozzles – nuclear rocket engine control – radioisotope propulsion – basic thruster
configurations – thruster technology – heat source development – nozzle development –
nozzle performance of radiosotope propulsion systems.

UNIT V ELECTRIC AND ION PROPULSION 8

Basic concepts in electric propulsion – power requirements and rocket efficiency –
thermal thrusters – electrostatic thrusters – plasma thruster of the art and future trends –
Fundamentals of ion propulsion – performance analysis – electrical thrust devices – ion
rocket engine.
L : 45 - TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. G.P. Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York,
1998.
2. William H. Heiser and David T. Pratt, Hypersonic Airbreathing propulsion,
AIAA Education Series, 2001.

REFERENCES
1. Fortescue and Stark, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, 1999.
2. Cumpsty, Jet propulsion, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

30
AE 9165 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN FLUID MECHANICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I BASIC MEASUREMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS 8

Objective of experimental studies – Fluid mechanics measurements – Properties of
fluids – Measuring instruments – Performance terms associated with measurement
systems – Direct measurements - Analogue methods – Flow visualization –Components
of measuring systems – Importance of model studies - Experiments on Taylor-Proudman
theorem and Ekman layer – Measurements in boundary layers -

UNIT II WIND TUNNEL MEASEUREMENTS 8

Characteristic features, operation and performance of low speed, transonic, supersonic
and special tunnels - Power losses in a wind tunnel – Instrumentation and calibration of
wind tunnels – Turbulence- Wind tunnel balance – Principle and application and uses –
Balance calibration.

UNIT III FLOW VISUALIZATION AND ANALOGUE METHODS 10

Visualization techniques – Smoke tunnel – Hele-Shaw apparatus - Interferometer –
Fringe-Displacement method – Shadowgraph - Schlieren system – Background Oriented
Schliren (BOS) System - Hydraulic analogy – Hydraulic jumps – Electrolytic tank

UNIT IV PRESSURE, VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 10

Pitot-Static tube characteristics - Velocity measurements - Hot-wire anemometry –
Constant current and Constant temperature Hot-Wire anemometer – Hot-film
anemometry – Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) – Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) –
Pressure Sensitive Paints - Pressure measurement techniques - Pressure transducers –
Temperature measurements.

UNIT V DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

9
Data acquisition and processing – Signal conditioning - Estimation of measurement
errors – Uncertainty calculation - Uses of uncertainty analysis.
L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Rathakrishnan, E., “Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids,”
CRC Press – Taylor & Francis, 2007.

REFERENCES
1. Robert B Northrop, “Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements”, Second
Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2006.

31
AE 9166 WIND ENGINEERING L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I THE ATMOSPHERE: 6

Atmospheric Circulation – Stability of atmospheres – definitions & implications – Effects
of friction – Atmospheric motion – Local winds, Building codes, Terrains different types.

UNIT II ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER: 9

Governing Equations – Mean velocity profiles, Power law, logarithmic law wind speeds,
Atmospheric turbulence profiles – Spectral density function – Length scale of turbulence,
Roughness parameters simulation techniques in wind tunnels.

UNIT III BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS: 10

Governing Equations – Boundary layers and separations – Wake and Vortex formation
two dimensional – Strouhal Numbers, Reynolds numbers – Separation and
Reattachments Oscillatory Flow patterns Vortex sheding flow switching – Time varying
forces to wind velocity in turbulent flow – Structures in three dimensional

UNIT IV WIND LOADING 10

Introduction, Analysis and synthesis loading coefficients, local & global coefficients
pressure shear stress coefficients, force and moment coefficients – Assessment
methods – Quasi steady method – Peak factor method – Extreme value method

UNIV V AEROELASTIC PHENOMENA: 10

Vortex shedding and lock in phenomena in turbulent flows, across wind galloping wake
galloping - Torsional divergence, along wind galloping of circular cables, cross wind
galloping of circular cables, Wind loads & their effects on tall structures – Launch
vehicles
L: 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Emil Simiu & Robert H Scanlan, Wind effects on structures - fundamentals and
applications to design, John Wiley & Sons Inc New York, 1996.

REFERENCES:
1. Tom Lawson Building Aerodynamics Imperial College Press London, 2001
2. N J Cook, Design Guides to wind loading of buildings structures Part I & II,
Butterworths, London, 1985
3. IS: 875 (1987) Part III Wind loads, Indian Standards for Building codes.

32
AE 9167 WIND TUNNEL TECHNIQUES L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I PRINCIPLES OF MODEL TESTING: 6

Buckingham Theorem – Non dimensional numbers – Scale effect – Geometric
Kinematics and Dynamic similarities.

UNIT II WIND TUNNELS: 8

Classification – special problems of testing in subsonic, transonic, supersonic and
hypersonic speed regions – Layouts – sizing and design parameters.

UNIT III CALIBRATION OF WIND TUNNELS: 10

Test section speed – Horizontal buoyancy – Flow angularities – Turbulence
measurements – Associated instrumentation – Calibration of supersonic tunnels.

UNIT IV WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS: 12

Steady and Unsteady Pressure and Velocity measurements – Force measurements –
Three component and six component balances – Internal balances – Principles of
Hotwire Anemometer.

UNIT V FLOW VISUALIZATION: 9

Smoke and Tuft techniques – Dye injection special techniques – Optical methods of flow
visualization.

L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS: 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Rae, W.H. and Pope, A., Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, John Wiley
Publications, 1984.
2. Pope, A., and Goin, L., High Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, John Wiley, 1985.

REFERENCES
1. P. Bradshaw, Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, Macmillan Co.,
New York, 1964.

33
AE 9168 ROCKETRY AND SPACE MECHANICS L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE
To introduce basic concepts of design and trajectory estimation of rockets and missiles.

UNIT I ORBITAL MECHANICS 9

Description of solar system – Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion – Newton’s Law of
Universal gravitation – Two body and Three-body problems – Jacobi’s Integral,
Librations points - Estimation of orbital and escape velocities

UNIT II SATELLITE DYNAMICS

9
Geosynchronous and geostationary satellites life time – satellite perturbations –
Hohmann orbits – calculation of orbit parameters – Determination of satellite rectangular
coordinates from orbital elements

UNIT III ROCKET MOTION 10

Principle of operation of rocket motor - thrust equation – one dimensional and two
dimensional rocket motions in free space and homogeneous gravitational fields –
Description of vertical, inclined and gravity turn trajectories determinations of range and
altitude – simple approximations to burnout velocity – staging of rockets.

UNIT IV ROCKET AERODYNAMICS 9

Description of various loads experienced by a rocket passing through atmosphere – drag
estimation – wave drag, skin friction drag, form drag and base pressure drag – Boat-
tailing in missiles – performance at various altitudes – conical and bell shaped nozzles –
adapted nozzles – rocket dispersion – launching problems.

UNIT V STAGING AND CONTROL OF ROCKET VEHICLES 8

Need for multistaging of rocket vehicles – multistage vehicle optimization – stage
separation dynamics and separation techniques- aerodynamic and jet control methods
of rocket vehicles - SITVC.
L : 45, TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. G.P. Sutton, “Rocket Propulsion Elements”, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York,
5th Edition, 1986.
2. J.W. Cornelisse, “Rocket Propulsion and Space Dynamics”, J.W. Freeman & Co.,
Ltd., London, 1982.

REFERENCES
1. Van de Kamp, “Elements of astromechanics”, Pitman Publishing Co., Ltd.,
London, 1980.
2. E.R. Parker, “Materials for Missiles and Spacecraft”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
1982.

34
AE 9169 COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES L T P C
3 0 0 3

OBJECTIVE
To understand the fabrication, analysis and design of composite materials & structures.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 10
Classification and characteristics of composite materials - Types of fiber and resin
materials, functions and their properties – Application of composite to aircraft structures-
Micromechanics-Mechanics of materials, Elasticity approaches-Mass and volume
fraction of fibers and resins-Effect of voids, Effect of temperature and moisture.

UNIT II MACROMECHANICS 10
Hooke’s law for orthotropic and anisotropic materials-Lamina stress-strain relations
referred to natural axes and arbitrary axes.

UNIT III ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITES 10

Governing equations for anisotropic and orthotropic plates- Angle-ply and cross ply
laminates- Analysis for simpler cases of composite plates and beams - Interlaminar
stresses.

UNIT IV MANUFACTURING & FABRICATION PROCESSES 8

Manufacture of glass, boron and carbon fibers-Manufacture of FRP components- Open
mould and closed mould processes. Properties and functions of resins.

UNIT V OTHER METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND FAILURE THEORY 7

Netting analysis- Failure criteria-Flexural rigidity of Sandwich beams and plates.

L : 45 – TOTAL NUMBER OF PERIODS : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. R.M. Jones, “Mechanics of Composite Materials”, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis,
1999
2. L.R. Calcote, “Analysis of laminated structures”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,
1989.
3 Autar K. Kaw, Mechanics of Composite Materials, CRC Press LLC, 1997

REFERENCES
1. G.Lubin, “Hand Book on Fibre glass and advanced plastic composites”, Van
Nostrand Co., New York, 1989.
2. B.D. Agarwal and L.J. Broutman, “Analysis and Performance of fiber
composites”, John-Wiley and Sons, 1990.

35