CAD/ CAM/ CIM

• Elements of Interactive Computer Graphics.

1

• Techniques for geometric Modeling

2

• Transformation, Manipulation and Data Storage

3

4
• NC and CNC Technology

5 • Group Technology, CAPP and CAQC

6 • CIM and Technology driven practices

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 Reference Books
 CAD/CAM Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing,

-M. P. Groover & E. W. Zimmers (PHI Publications)

 CAD/CAM Theory and Practice (2009),

-Ibrahim Zaid & R. Sivasubramanian (McGraw Hill)

 CAD/CAM Principles and Applications (2010),

-P. N. Rao (McGraw Hill)

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 Reference Books
 CAD/CAM/CIM
By Radhakrishan, S. subramanyan, V.Raju.

 CAD/CAM & Automation

By Farazdak Haideri.
CAD/CAM
By Mikell P. Groover ,Emory W. Zimmers
Computer Graphics
By A.P. Godse ,D. A. Godse

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CAD/CAM/CIM
Total marks
100 Marks

Theory paper
70 Marks

Internal Assessment
50 marks scaled in 30 marks

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Internal assessment 50 marks
( scaled in 30 marks)
M-1 + M-2
Term work

Practical
20 marks
10 marks

Quiz
20 marks
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M-1+2+3 Test Syllabus (15 marks)

M-1 : Unit no. 1 & 3

M-2 : Unit no. 4 & 5

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Term Work (30 marks)

Quiz : 20 marks
(from all units)

Practical :10 marks.

3D model in SOLIDWORKS

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 Chapter 1

“Elements of Interactive Computer

Graphics”

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Things to be learned…
Introduction of CAD/CAM/CIM

Major activities covered under CAD/CAM/CIM

Conventional Product Life Cycle

Product Life Cycle with CAD/CAM

The Design Process

Sequential Engineering, Concurrent

Engineering and Collaborative Engineering.

CAD System Architecture

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 CAD / CAM
 CAD / CAM:- It is the technology concerned with
the use of computers to perform design and
manufacturing functions.
 CAD:- If computer system is used in design to
assit,modification,synthesis,analysis and
optimization, then it is called as CAD.
 CAM:-If computer system is used in
manufacturing the product like,
planning process, manage and control the
manufacturing operations, Tool selection
and procurement, Inspection & Quality
Control, then it is called as CAM.

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 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
 Use of computer systems to assist in
the creation, modification, analysis,
and optimization of a design
 Typical tools:
 Tolerance analysis

 Mass property calculations

 Finite-element modeling and

visualization
 Defines the geometry of the design

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Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
 Use of computer systems to plan,
manage, and control manufacturing
operations

 Direct or indirect computer interface

with the plant’s production resources

 Numerical control of machine tools

 Programming of robots

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 Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
 Use of computer systems to
analyze CAD geometry

 Allows designer to simulate

and study how the product will
behave, allowing for
optimization

 Finite-element method (FEM)

 Divides model into
interconnected elements
 Solves continuous field
problems

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 CAD

CAM CAE

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 Need for CAD/CAM
 To increase productivity of the designer
 To improve quality of the design
 To improve communication between departments
 To create a manufacturing database
 To create and test tool-paths and optimize them
 To help in production scheduling and MRP
models
 To have effective shop floor control

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 CAD System Architecture
Major component of CAD Architecture is hardware and
software to manipulate the shape of component.

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 Hardware used in CAD

1.)CAD workstation
 Display device : CRT,LCD,LED

 Input device : Keyboard, mouse, track ball,

scanners, joy stick etc.
2.)Output device
 Printer : Dot Matrix Printer,Inkjet Printer,Laser
Printer,3D Printer m/c.
 Plotter: Drum Plotter, Flat-bed Plotter.

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Hardware used in CAD
3.)CPU :
 Control Unit : directs the various parts of the
computer i.e. storage devices, display
devices, input/output devices to do
their job.
 Arithmetic and Logical Unit : performs all
arithmetic operations and logical
operations such as comparison as
per the program instructions.

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Hardware used in CAD
4.) Storage Devices:
 Primary Storage Device :

ROM- Read Only Memory

RAM- Random Access Memory
 Secondary Storage Device :

stores the information for long time which

can be change as and when required for
examples,hard disk,pen drives, CD,DVDs
ect.

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Software used in CAD
 Modeling Software: AutoCAD, PRO-E,SOLID-
EDGES,SOLID-WORKS,CATIA etc.

 Analysis Software: ANSYS,NASTRAN, FEA,

CFD, Fluent, etc.

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Hardware And Software used in
CAM
 Hardware :
• Robots, CNC,NC,DNC m/c,
• Material Handling equipments,
• Automated Guided Vehicles, AS/RS, etc..
 Software :
• Part Programming, CAPP,CAM WORKS,
• SMARTCAM, EDGECAM, MASTERCAM,etc.

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Major activities covered under
CAD/CAM/CIM
 1.) CAD:
• Computer Aided Design
• Computer Aided Drafting & Documentation.
• Geometric Modeling
• Engineering Analysis
• Simulation
 2.) CAM :
• CAM Planning and Control,
• Production Planning
• CAPP, CAQC, Master Scheduling,
• Material Requirement Planning
• Material Resource Planning
• Inventory Management

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Major activities covered under
CAD/CAM/CIM
 3.) Business Functions:
• Purchase
• Stores
• Cost planning & Control,
• Marketing and Sales,
• Packaging and Forwarding,
• Finance and Accounts,
• Plant Maintenance,
• Human Resources and Developments
 So CIM is a combination of these 3 islands CAD,CAM, Business
Functions, which increases,
• Productivity,
• Plant efficiency and Product Quality.

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 Definition of CIM

Computer
Aided
Design

CIM
Computer
Business
Aided
functions
Manufacturing

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 Advantages of CAD/CAM systems
 Greater flexibility.
 Reduced lead times.
 Reduced inventories.
 Increased Productivity & quality.
 Improved customer service.
 Improved communications
 Better product design.
 Greater Mfg. control.
 Reduced costs.
 Increased utilization.
 Reduction of machine tools.
 Less floor space.

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Limitations of CAD/CAM systems

 The cost of Hardware and Software used in

CAD/CAM is very high,

 Required highly trained manpower to operate

the computer system.

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 Production–Consumption Cycle

1. Production
2. Distribution
3. Consumption
4. Recovery or
disposal

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 The phases of the PLC

 Product development
 Introduction or
launch of the product
into the market,
 Growth,
 Maturity
 Decline.

Prof. Neepa M. Patel, MPSTME, Mumbai

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Traditional/Convectional Product life cycle
Product Design Drafting &
concept Documentation

Customer Tool design

Feedback &Procurement Process
Planning
Material
Marketing Procurement

Quality Final Production

Control Product Planning

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Product life cycle with CAD/CAM
Geometric FEA Simulation
modeling

Product CAD Computer Aided

Concept Drafting &
Computer Documentation
Aided
Feedback
CA tool CA
Marketing Design and Process
Procurement Planning

CA Quality Final CA Production

Control Production Planning

CNC,DNC m/c, Robots, AGVs, etc.

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 Field warranty
Quality service
Market control
analysis,
Production
R&D
Process system
design
Prototyping

Statistic
Process
Engineering Product Control (SPC)
Modeling design Cell, Quick
Response
Manufacturing
Rapid
Prototyping
Computer
Aided
Manufacturing
Computer (CAM)
Aided Design
(CAD)

Manufacturing in the Product Life Cycle

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 General Design Process
The general design process consist of six steps-

1. Recognition of Need

2. Definition of Problem

3. Synthesis

4. Analysis and Optimization

5. Evaluation

6. Presentation

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 Need
Recognition

Problem
Definition

Synthesis

Analysis and
General Design
Optimization
Process

Evaluation

Presentation

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 General
Design
Process
CAD

Geometric
Modeling

Engineering
Analysis

Evalution
Analysis

Automated
Drafting

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 Example

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 General Design Process with CAD
1) Recognition of need
Every design process starts with the
recognition of need. It is outcome of either the
requirement or the discontent with the existing system.
Computer system doesn’t play any role in this phase.
2.) Definition of problem
After identifying the need, the problem is
more specified in this phase i.e.it includes all the input
parameters, functional requirements &constrains of the
system.

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 General Design Process with CAD
3.) Synthesis
It is the process of selecting the mechanism of
the system, materials, sizes and shapes of the components
so as to get the desired output with the given input. In a
CAD, the geometric modeling is used to assist the
synthesis.
4.) Analysis and Optimization
Every Synthesis must be followed by
analysis. Analysis is critically examining an already existing
or proposed design in order to judge its suitability for the
task. All possible solutions are analyzed and Optimum one
is selected. In CAD, analysis software are stress-strain
analysis, kinematic analysis, dynamic analysis, vibration
analysis etc.
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 General Design Process with CAD
5.) Evaluation
It is measuring the design against the
specification set in the definition of problem. In a CAD,
evaluation is done by using simulation software
6.) Presentation
It is the final phase in the design process.
The design is presented by means of drawing, part list
material specification, etc.
With the help of CAD software, the
different sectional views can be automatically created.
The CAD also generates the information like: parts list,
material specifications etc.

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 Need
Computers for
Recognition
Design Process
Problem
Definition

Geometric
Synthesis
Modelling

Analysis and Engineering

Optimization Analysis

Design Review
Evaluation
and Evaluation

Automated
Presentation
Drafting

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 CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process
(Extra)
Design phase Required CAD tools
Geometric modeling techniques;
Design conceptualization Graphics aids; manipulations; and
visualization
Same as above; animation;
Design modeling and simulation assemblies; special modeling
packages.
Analysis packages; customized
Design analysis
programs and packages.
Customized applications; structural
Design optimization
optimization.

Design evaluation Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.

Design communication,
Drafting and detailing…
documentation and Presentation

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 CAM Tools Required to
Support the Design Process(Extra)

Manufacturing phase Required CAM tools

CAPP techniques; cost

Process planning analysis; material and tooling
specification.

Part programming NC programming

Inspection CAQ and Inspection software

Robotics simulation and

Assembly
programming

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 Sequential Engineering

Design Process Manufacturi Quality Marketing

Planning ng Control

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 Concurrent Engineering

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 Design Process- Traditional
 “Over the wall approach”

 Communication barriers are as high as the

wall

Traditional Process = Linear

Vs
Concurrent Engineering = Team collaboration

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 Concurrent Engineering
 It is a methodology of restructuring the
product development activity in an
organization by adopted a technique which
improve the efficiency of product design and
reduce the product design cycle time.

 Replaces a traditional ‘over-the-wall’

approach where one group does their part &
then hands off the design to the next group

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 Why Concurrent Engineering?

 In Concurrent Engineering, all representatives from R&D,

Engineering,Manufacturing,materials-management,quality
assurance,marketing etc. develop the product as a team.

 Everyone interacts with each other from the start, and they
perform their task in parallel. It is flexible for any changes.

 The teamwork brings additional advantages like FMEA

(Failure Mode & Effect Analysis) which help to detect the

possible faults in product and production planning.

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 Why Concurrent Engineering?
 The need for shorter product life cycle.

 Large organizations with several departments working on

developing numerous products at the same time.

 New and innovative technologies emerging at a very high

rate, thus causing the new product to be technological
obsolete within a short period.

 Changing are done in a quickly way so it reduces product

cost and product development time.

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 Concurrent Engineering Benefits
 Following improvements to specific product lines
are done by the applications of concurrent
engineering :
1. Development and production lead times

2. Measurable quality improvements

3. Engineering process improvements

4. Product development cost is reduced

5. It is flexible for any changes.

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Collaborative Engineering
 World Wide Web and Internet have brought significant
changes in Engineering Design and Manufacturing
activities.

 Now it is possible for different teams to work together on

diverse platforms in geographically distributed locations
to complete a product design and development
effectively.

 Like concurrent engineering all departments interacts

with each other from the start, and they perform their
task in parallel. It is flexible for any changes.

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Collaborative Engineering
Example:
 There are 2 product design teams one at New
York and another one is at Bangalore.
 A part of design is carried out in New York ,at
the end of the day the files are transferred to
Bangalore where the design people will have
just started the day’s work. They can continue
the work ,and at the end of the day they transfer
the data to New York.

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 Collaborative Engineering
Cloud Computing

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Collaborative Engineering Benefits
 Representatives from the different groups can
better consider trade-offs in cost & design choices
as each decision is being made

 Development time is reduced due to less rework

(traditionally, groups would argue with earlier
decisions & try to get them changed)

 Emphasis is on problem-solving (not placing blame

on the ‘other group’ for mistakes)

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 Benefits of using CAD Software

 Increase in the productivity of the designer.

 Improve the quality of the design.

 Better communications.

 Creating documentation of the designing.

 Creating the database for manufacturing.

 Saving of design data and drawings.

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 University Questions
 Explain CAD System architecture in brief.

 Write a short note - Design process with CAD/CAM.

 Explain the advantages of CAD/CAM application to concurrent engineering. OR

With the help of neat diagram explain the concurrent engineering. OR

Explain the role of concurrent engineering in Product design and development. OR

How concurrent engineering can help to reduce product development time ?

 Write a short note on – CAD/CAM/CIM.

 Discuss how internet is an enabling tool for collaborative product
development. OR Write a short note on Collaborative Engineering.
 Product life cycle in CAD/ CAM environment.

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University Questions
 State five CAD packages available in market.
 List down the fields in which CAD/CAM can be used. Explain
how it is useful in these fields.
 Describe briefly about various CAD Hardware.
 Define Briefly about Design process with flow chart.
 What are the benefits of CAD in design. Explain with examples
along with its use in each step of the design process
 Enlist and explain the benefits and use of CAD/CAM
 Discuss the need for flexibility in manufacturing in the present
manufacturing scenario.
 Short note : Sequential Engineering.

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 Thank You…

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