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Rules Direct Speech Indirect Speech

The document outlines 6 rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English: 1. Present tense verbs in direct speech become past tense in indirect speech. 2. Past tense verbs in direct speech either become past perfect tense or remain unchanged in indirect speech. 3. Present continuous tense in direct speech becomes past continuous in indirect speech. 4. Past continuous tense in direct speech becomes past perfect continuous in indirect speech. 5. Present perfect tense in direct speech becomes past perfect tense in indirect speech. 6. Present perfect continuous tense in direct speech becomes past perfect continuous in indirect speech.

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Marcelino Manchini
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80 views3 pages

Rules Direct Speech Indirect Speech

The document outlines 6 rules for changing direct speech to indirect speech in English: 1. Present tense verbs in direct speech become past tense in indirect speech. 2. Past tense verbs in direct speech either become past perfect tense or remain unchanged in indirect speech. 3. Present continuous tense in direct speech becomes past continuous in indirect speech. 4. Past continuous tense in direct speech becomes past perfect continuous in indirect speech. 5. Present perfect tense in direct speech becomes past perfect tense in indirect speech. 6. Present perfect continuous tense in direct speech becomes past perfect continuous in indirect speech.

Uploaded by

Marcelino Manchini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes p.ast tense.

Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)


Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (I.S)

2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.


Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)

3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.


John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)

4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.


Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)

5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.


Kamal said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S)

6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.


He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)

Rules Direct Speech Indirect Speech


Simple Present Changes
She said that she always drank
To "I always drink coffee", she said
coffee.
Simple Past

Present Continuous
"I am reading a book", he He explained that he was reading a
Changes
explained. book
To
Past Continuous

Present Perfect Changes She said, "He has finished his She said that he had finished his
To work" work.
Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


"I have been to Spain", he told He told me that he had been to
Changes
me. Spain.
To
Past Perfect Continuous
Simple Past Changes
"Bill arrived on Saturday", he He said that Bill had arrived on
To
said. Saturday
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Changes
"I had just turned out the light," He explained that he had just turned
To
he explained. out the light.
Past Perfect (No Change In
Tense)

Past Continuous Changes "We were living in Paris", they They told me that they had been
To told me. living in Paris.
Past Perfect Continuous

Future Changes "I will be in Geneva on He said that he would be in Geneva


To Monday", he said on Monday.
Present Conditional
Future Continuous
Changes She said, "I'll be using the car She said that she would be using the
To next Friday." car next Friday.
Conditional Continuous

Udh 15.

Would They said, "we would apply for a visa" They said that they would apply for visa.
Could He said, "I could run faster" He said that he could run faster.
Might John said, "I might meet him". John said that he might meet him.
Should He said, "I should avail the opportunity" He said that he should avail the opportunity.
Ought to He said to me, "you ought to wait for him" He said to me that I ought to wait for him.

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