Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Monitoring of Honey Bee Hiving

System Using Sensor Networks
Gagana M.R 1, Heema Rubab 2, Jalaja G S 3, Jayanand J 4, Sachin K5
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
1-4 Eight Semester UG Students, AIET, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India.
5Assistant Professor, AIET, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India.

Abstract:- Honey bees have throughout history been a Since many years humans have tried to harvest honey
keystone species, pollinating an estimated 70 percent of from the bees, a proof of activities are old cave paintings
all plants and underpinning some 30 percent of the approximately 8000-9000 years old. The other technical
global food supply. Because the viability of beehives is a improvement is the queen excluder, which makes a
critical predictor of the planet’s future health and “barrier” between the area where the queen lay eggs, and
agricultural sustainability, reports of a precipitous the other side of the barrier where only worker bees smaller
decline in the number of colonies around the world have can pass. The queen excluder makes boxes with only
stirred considerable alarm. Since most of the prior honey, and no eggs, easier to handle for the beekeeper.
contributions are focusing on data gathering, the These two improvements made beekeeping easier and more
approach to focus on the user’s needs is central to take efficient to product. The bees are normally kept in hives,
next steps in the field of using sensors for Beekeeping. consisting of “houses”. Inside the hive there are frames
Beekeepers can be divided into beekeepers having bees with cells of wax. The wax is a product of the bees. In a
as a hobbies and beekeepers that are professional, cell the bees can store pollen, honey or have a new bee
making a living of the beekeeping. Visualization and produced. The bees are produced by the queen, which lay
availability of data are key questions for user eggs in cells, and then the worker bees are feeding the egg
friendliness. Since there are no standards for to become a bee in 21 days.
measurement data from beehives, there are different
manufacturers/contributors that have their own system. The high proportion of non-professional beekeepers
If a standard format would be available, it would make and the number of colonies per beekeeper were the only
it easier to interconnect different devices for common characteristics at European level. This fact need to
visualization in single user interface. If data is available be taken into consideration, that the main group when it
as streams in standardized application program comes to beekeepers are not mandatory to make a living
interface (API) a user can use whatever solution found from their beekeeping. Today beehives are placed not only
for visualization. The majorities of beekeepers that non- on the traditional countryside, but also in the cities. The
professional, they will probably want to have the reason could probably be that people are becoming more
“relation to their bees”, using too much technology is aware of the positive side of honeybees. A main part of
probably wanted, like having robots doing the actual beekeeping is the manual inspection of beehives, a
beekeeping work. “craftsmanship” where the person doing the activities must
understand the nature, what to observe and what to actions
Keywords:- Application Program Interface (API). to take. Reading books, papers can helpful, especially for
understanding, but when it comes to observation,
I. INTRODUCTION judgments, comparison, and actions, experience will help
the beekeeper to do a better job. The manual inspection of a
Honey bees are important for pollination of crops. beehive is assumed to be done by a beekeeper or a group of
Honeybees produce different functionalities in our beekeepers wearing protective clothes. The aim of a visit to
ecosystem, where the two main outcomes are the the beehive, are observation, probably some decision-
pollination of crops and honey. There are other products making from observations, and some actions. Depending on
from the bees including Royal Jelly, Pollen and Propolis the time of year, there are different activities in the beehive,
that are produced by bees. Bees are important for the global also the local weather conditions affect the activities.
food supply, as the quantity and quality of food are Beekeepers are normally doing manual inspections of their
increased by pollination, and honeybees are a major hives, to check weight, health etc. To observe the bee
pollinator. Crops, including fruits like strawberries are health, the reproduction is always interesting. So, checking
dependent on pollination from bees. The products that are for eggs, pupae and cells of bees are central when it comes
produced by bees need to be harvested and handled from to observation. The number of eggs/larvae/pupae need to be
the beehives, normally done by a beekeeper. The beekeeper put in context of the time of year, the natures current
either keeps bees as a hobby or as a profession where the situation and the specific beehives specific situation. If
outcome is important. there are eggs, a queen is present, if the pupae are “normal”
it's a mated queen laying eggs. If you don't have fresh eggs
during active season, there are probably a problem, then
you need to locate a queen visually, and probably take

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Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
some action to provide a new queen. Another thing to and no longer an insignificant errand, since direct of the
observe is, if there are pollen and nectar present in the natural gadget, natural items and their reaction to human
nature, one could expect a lively colony, with many bees, mediation is erratic. To entire this undertaking it's far
much honey, some of it already. The weight of the hive is imperative to assemble complex control machine
interesting during the whole year, are there enough food engineering with numerous subsystems and components.
during low season, and how much honey can I expect? The automatized framework engineering proposed through
During winter time, a beekeeper can feel the heat under the the creators is created to upgrade the honey bee wintering
top of the roof separated by plastic to avoid stinging, which process and to consolidate realities advancements into this
indicates a healthy society. technique. The machine is uncommonly utilized for
singular bee state checking and control.
 Objectives
 To know the weight of the honey and free from human Edwards Murphy et al [4] Checking the sounds
intervention. discharged with the assistance of honey bees for the term of
 To know the temperature inside the honey comb. an apiary is a basic side interest for beekeepers to frame
 To know the humidity inside the honey comb. positive that their honey bee provinces stay solid and to
 To check whether the Queen bee is present or augment productiveness. A one of a kind conceptive event
called "swarming", incorporates the flight of a sovereign
II. LITERATURE REVIEW with an outsized a piece of the hive masses. Swarming are
frequently recognized through sound, and whenever
Anand et al [1] Honey bee holding is a deep rooted permitted to happen unchecked may result during a drop by
practice of holding colony states for acquiring nectar and means of hive efficiency or, in extreme cases, settlement
other apiary based absolutely items and is in fact named as demise. A method for effectively alarming the manager that
apiculture. This paper proposed a gadget that identifies such an occasion is inevitable would asset in protective the
swarming the utilization of two remarkable methodologies. bumble bee populace and diminishing beekeeping costs.
The first being, utilizing sound-related assessment of the During this paper, an answer the utilization of off the rack
sound created by utilizing the honey bees all through Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) time with low power sign
swarming. What's more, the subsequent methodology, handling to show settlement sound, likewise because of the
recognition by methods for following microclimatic reality the temperature and mugginess of the hive inside is
changes and varieties inside the weight. Once swarming is introduced. The contraption manages markers to the
detected the gadget is designed to alert the apiculturist by beekeeper while an event is distinguished. The hub become
cloud services. The measurements together with brood intended to parent with a bigger sensor network intended
temperature, brood humidity, surrounding temperature and for observing wellness and states of the bee sanctuary, and
weight of the hive can likewise be gotten to from the cloud utilizes the system from this framework to transport
server with the guide of the honey bee attendants, cautions. An interfere with circuit gave a stir sign to the
subsequently making the colony following procedure free hub even as the sound identified with a significant occasion
from human intercession. got recognized. This made the appropriate response ultra-
low force, by method for turning on the account circuits
Daniel M. Lofaro et al [2] suggested that honey bees handiest even as that they had been unequivocally
are a significant piece of our reverberation framework. required. During this paper the creation plans and
Pollinators, comprising of honey bees, help in any event improvement of the model gadget is depicted, with the after
30% of the world's yields and 90% of the world's wild effects of primer tests and assessment. A vitality
intends to flourish through cross-fertilization. Studies show examination and force accounts affirmed that a definitive
that among 2015 and 2016 beekeepers lost 44% of honey arrangement have become power unbiased, giving extra
bee settlements over the winter that is up around 10% from vitality to energizing, even inside the instance of various
the previous decade. Foundations for this decrease is chronicle cautions over the span of an unmarried day.
associated to the general hive wellbeing. The more sound
the hive the more noteworthy likely it's far to keep on Rodriguez et al [5] proposed an acknowledgment
existing the winter. Current time directs people check the framework for dust bearing honey bees from motion
hives for Varro Mite pervasions, awful dampness levels, pictures of the passageway of the hive is introduced. This
and diverse telling side effects of an undesirable hive. pc vision undertaking can be a key part for the mechanized
These checks are obtrusive to the honey bee provinces and observing of honey bees with an end goal to get large scope
just happen a few times each year. Foundations for this data of their scavenging behavior and task specialization. A
decrease is associated to the general hive wellbeing. The few methods are contemplated for this task, alongside
more sound the hive the more noteworthy likely it's far to gauge classifiers, shallow Convolution Neural Networks,
keep on existing the winter. and more profound systems from the writing. The trial
differentiate depends on a substitute dataset of depictions of
Zacepins et al [3] recommended that honey bee bumble bees that was physically explained for the nearness
wintering process is one of the natural procedures, which of dust. The proposed technique, upheld Convolution
these days might be checked and controlled the utilization Neural Networks is appeared to beat the contrary
of the data innovation, control strategies and devices. procedures in expressions of exactness. Detailed
Control and following of such method is truly entangled examination of the outcomes and accordingly the influence

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Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
of the building parameters, similar with the impact of there are select size frameworks to be had for continuous
devoted shading based data increase, offer bits of bumble bee province observing. As of late IoT is drifting
knowledge into the best approach to apply the method to inside the region of ICT (Information and Communications
the objective application. Technology) and speaks to the long haul of processing and
discussion. Execution of IoT measures in Precision
Although more profound designs may have the beekeeping could give a boundless impact on PB
capacity for advanced by and large execution, they did improvement. Honey bee GPS beacon utilizes vitality green
never again really perform higher than shallower structures sensor hubs that comprises of minimal effort, extremely
on this dataset and included longer calculations. In reality, precise (±0.4 ºC) temperature sensors with an espresso
with the guide of in regards to a major number of power Wi-Fi dispatch modules. Such a gadget are regularly
parameters, they generally require a decent arrangement situated out additionally all through a faraway regions,
enormous datasets. Right now, factor out that the size of the considering the most module is vivaciously self-enough and
dataset utilized speaks to an upper confine to the speaks with the database over cell arrange. Sensor hubs can
speculation that would be asked from a stop purchaser as chat with the most extreme module all through a separation
far as totally directed a documentation to refine the designs of 20 m in open subject. Information are sent to the greatest
for a specific machine at the field. So as to assess an module at some phase in brief interim (containing
approach to improve the general execution and estimations of temperature and battery level of the exact
appropriateness in the field, it's miles subsequently an sensor hub) in which the most extreme module at that point
energizing question for future work, how bigger scope performs transmission of these measurements following 10
datasets with great top of the line explanation can be made minutes. In this way portrayed device are much of the time
with the guide of utilizing the classifiers proposed right mulled over as a significant part throughout a Smart apiary
now automatized assortment and approval of honey bee the board limiting the requirement for manual hive
pictures. examination yet the hives are situated in rustic territories or
woods.
Zacepins et al [6] suggested that execution of
accuracy apiculture techniques into training is For future conversations and more machine vitality
exceptionally confided in accessibility and cost-adequacy sparing purposes it are frequently considered to transport
of honey bee following gear. Costs of following framework from remote hubs handiest temperature changes esteems
establishment and protection sports furthermore ought to be and basically on the off chance that temperature is ordinary
limited. So as to successfully anticipate unprecedented don't send rehashing values.
honey bee settlement states like: swarming, choose nectar
assortment action and strength of honey bees each in fiery Edwards Murphy et al [7] suggested that bumble
and detached wintering period, insignificant hive bees have held a fundamental job in farming and nutrients
parameters that must be checked are temperature and mass. from the dawn of human progress. The most fundamental
This exploration gives applied plan of Internet of Thing job of the honey bee is fertilization, the expense of
system for the beekeeping. Additionally honey bee fertilization subordinate plants is normal at 155 billion for
province temperature observing framework bolstered every a year with bumble bee's identified as the most basic
neighborhood Wi-Fi, sensor network along perspective pollinator creepy crawly. It is clear that honey bees are an
Global System for Mobile discussion (GSM) outside indispensably significant a piece of the environmental
interface for parcel put together correspondence with factors which can't be permitted to fall under decrease. The
faraway server with respect to the net is created. Topology test illustrated on this paper utilizes Wireless Sensor
of the close by network is superstar with one urgent Network (WSN) time to show a bee sanctuary province and
module. The hive bunch comprises of 10 units. Each hive amass key data about action/environmental factors inside a
inside the gathering is given essential temperature sensor colony just as its encompassing region. This task utilizes
chip (±0.4ºC precision), low quality microcontroller and low force WSN advancements, alongside novel detecting
recurrence (RF) handset module. All added substances are strategies, quality impartial activity, and multi-radio
controlled through antacid cell battery, which may likewise correspondences; close by distributed computing to take a
give power to one year least of self-supporting activity with gander at the conduct inside an apiary. The bits of
10-minute records logging interim. The important module knowledge picked up by means of this diversion should
is furthermore situated on one some of the hives and decrease future charges and upgrade the yield of
incorporates temperature sensor, RF (Radio Frequency) and beekeeping, additionally as providing new scientific
GSM/GPRS (Global System for Mobile evidence for heaps of honey bee medical problems WSN is
Communication/General Package Radio Service) modules, an emerging modern-day generation, key to the
sun cell exhibit, battery, charge controller and least novel idea of the web of Things (IoT). Contained installed
interface for operational notoriety detailing. detecting, registering and remote discussion gadgets, they
need found applications in about each factor of everyday
The machine permits sensor data logging to life. Educated by methods for scholars theories, this artistic
neighborhood carport and occasional sending to an abroad creations utilized existing, industrially accessible WSN
server for furthermore point by point examination in client frameworks close by exceptionally manufactured structures
net or cell application. Exactness beekeeping course of the in a cutting edge application to watch bumble bee wellness
accuracy horticulture stays in developing stage. These days and side interest so as to higher perceive the best approach

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Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
to remotely screen the wellness and lead of the honey bees. IV. ADVANTAGES
Heterogeneous sensors had been sent, observing the
bumble bees inside the hive.  Autonomous design reduces human errors in
controlling, thus reducing labor dependency.
Climate conditions over the span of the organization  Reduces the labor charges.
had been recorded and a relationship among the hive  Having temperature and pressure sensors helps to get
circumstances and outside circumstances transformed into the perfect yield.
watched. A full answer is introduced, for example, a  No wastage in the final product.
shrewd hive, correspondence, and records accumulation
and perception devices. Future compositions will have V. CONCLUSION
some expertise in improving the quality execution of the
framework, presenting an extra specific arrangement of This paper which mainly deals beekeepers in general,
sensors, actualizing a device examining calculation to are nature interested people and can see their bees as pets.
extricate that implies from the realities without human Listening to bees on remote would probably be nice, having
supervision; and making sure about additional automatic analysis of the sound would make a detection
organizations of the framework. system, as the probably will do. Using weather data in
combination with weight could serve as a good detection
Thomas D. Seeley et al [8] proposed a paper that system for bees during winter/spring for “need to feed”,
declares Worker channeling, which is accounted for just in and during summer season, “time for expansion” or “time
hives, was seen in swarms as they sorted out to lift-off to to harvest”. However, all this data needs to be analyzed in
travel to a substitution home. Flute players are energized the context of beekeeping. All beekeepers have different
honey bees which scramble through the swarm bunch, routines and details in their methods. Andersson means a
delaying each second going to emanate a funnel. Each beekeeper have no use of information, if there are no plans
channel comprises of an authentic heartbeat which keeps for actions, due to the information. Since there are
going 0.82ǂ.43 s and ascends in fundamental from 100-2 majorities of beekeepers that non-professional, they will
hundred Hz to 200-250 Hz. Many, if now not all, of the probably want to have the “relation to their bees”, using too
flute players are home site online scouts. The scouts pipe much technology is probably not wanted, like having robots
when the time has come to invigorate the non-scouts to doing the actual beekeeping work.
warm themselves to a flight-prepared temperature (35C) in
instructing for lift-off. The time-course of representative VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
funneling fits that of swarm warming; each start at a coffee
level, around an hour prior to lift-off, and each form to a It is my proud privilege and duty to acknowledge the
peak at lift-off. After they barred flute players from honey kind of help and guidance received from several people in
bees hanging in the cool, peripheral layer of a swarm preparation of this report. It would not have been possible
bunch, they established that those honey bees didn't heat to prepare this report in this form without their valuable
up. The type of laborer funneling which have concentrated help, cooperation and guidance.
in swarms varies from the state of representative
channeling that others have concentrated in hives expressed First and foremost, I wish to record my sincere
as "wings-all in all funneling" (in swarms) and "wings- gratitude to the Management and to our beloved
aside funneling" (in hives). Principal, Dr. Peter Fernandes, Alva’s Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Moodbidri for his constant
III. APPLICATIONS support and encouragement and for making available
library and internet facilities needed to prepare this report.
 It will be made possible to hive under unfavorable
weather conditions. I would like to thank Dr. D.V. Manjunatha, Head,
 By using the sensor network whole farm can be brought Department of Electronics and Communication
into control. Engineering, AIET, for his valuable suggestions and
 The Listening on the sound gives good hint of what is guidance throughout the period of this report.
going on, using computer power to analyze sound will
make a trigger for an alarms system. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my
guide, Mr Sachin K, Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, AIET,
Moodbidri for his guidance, encouragement and
inspiration.

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Volume 5, Issue 3, March – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
I am thankful to my Project Coordinator, Mr Santosh,
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, AIET, Moodbidri for her
valuable guidance, encouragement and co-operation during
the course of the seminar and presentation.

REFERENCES

[1]. Anand [1], the work presented in this paper was

focused on developing a system that could help
monitor the beehive and detect swarming by two
methods.
[2]. Daniel M. Lofaro [2], proposed that bees are an
important part of our echo system. Pollinators, such as
bees, help at least 30% of the world’s crops and 90%
of the world’s wild plans to thrive via cross-
pollination.
[3]. Zacepins [3], proposed that Honey bee wintering
process is one of the biological processes, which
nowadays can be monitored and controlled using the
information technologies, control methods and tools.
[4]. Edwards Murphy [4], Monitoring the sounds emitted
by honey bees in a beehive is an important activity for
beekeepers to ensure that their bee colonies remain
healthy and to maximise productivity.
[5]. Rodriguez [5], proposed a recognition system for
pollen bearing honey bees from videos of the entrance
of the hive is presented.
[6]. Zacepins [6], proposed that implementation of
precision apiculture methods into practice is highly
depended on availability and cost-effectiveness of
honey bee monitoring equipment.
[7]. Edwards Murphy [7], proposed that honey bees have
held a critical role in agriculture and nutrition from
the dawn of human civilization.
[8]. Thomas D. Seeley [8], proposed a paper that says
Worker piping, which is reported only in hives, was
observed in swarms as they prepared to lift-off to fly
to a new home.

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