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D.petrov Rus-Engl

The document provides an introduction to the Russian language. It states that Russian is related to other Slavic languages like Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian, sharing common grammatical principles and vocabulary. It then presents some common Russian phrases for greetings and farewells. The next sections provide an overview of the Russian verb system, including tense, aspect, conjugation, and examples of verbs conjugated in different forms.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
500 views14 pages

D.petrov Rus-Engl

The document provides an introduction to the Russian language. It states that Russian is related to other Slavic languages like Polish, Czech, and Ukrainian, sharing common grammatical principles and vocabulary. It then presents some common Russian phrases for greetings and farewells. The next sections provide an overview of the Russian verb system, including tense, aspect, conjugation, and examples of verbs conjugated in different forms.

Uploaded by

Janet Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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lesson 1

...The Russian language is related


and can be a path to a dozen of other Slavic languages,
like Polish, Czech, or Ukrainian.
They share common grammatical principles
and much of the vocabulary...
Lesson  1  I  Common phrases

Common phrases

Привет! [privet] Hello!

Доброе утро! [dobraye utra] Good morning!

Добрый день! [dobriy den’] Good afternoon!

Добрый вечер! [dobriy vetcher] Good evening!

Спокойной ночи! [spakoynay nochi] Good night!

Спасибо. [spasiba] Thank you.

Welcome!
Добро пожаловать! [dobro pozhalovat’] in response to
«Thank you»

Пожалуйста. [pazhalusta] Please.

До свидания! [da svidaniya] Goodbye!

Пока! [paka] Bye!

12
Lesson  1  I  The Russian verb

The Russian verb

The most important part of speech is the verb. It denotes action.

To conjugate a Russian verb, one should be familiar with the concept of tenses.
In Russian, there exist only three tenses: present, past and future.

Ü In addition, each Russian verb has two aspects (verb forms that indicate completion,
duration or repetition of an act):
· imperfective – when talking about an incomplete, continuous or repetitive action;
· perfective – when referring to a single or completed action.

Ü We are going to start with the verbs that are mostly used in the imperfective form.

GOOD NEWS!

The Russian language does not differentiate between «I work, I am working,


or I have been working».
There is only one present tense. So, «я работаю» is equivalent to all the above English forms.

Ü Negative and interrogative sentences require neither auxiliary verbs nor а change
in the word order.

A question is expressed through the intonation.


Ты знаешь. – You know.
Ты знаешь? – Do you know?

A negation is formed by placing the particle «не» [ni] before the verb.
Ты не знаешь. – You don’t know.

 The positive form of the imperative is indicated in the verb table. The negative form of the
imperative is only used with the imperfective form (the first in the table) by adding «не» (don't):

Не делай! – don’t do! Не говори! – Don`t say!

pronouns

я ты он она мы вы они

[ya] [ti] [on] [ana] [mi] [vi] [ani]

I you he she we you they

14
The Russian verb  I Lesson  1

Translate into Russian, find all the verbs in their respective forms on pages 18–25:

1. Hello! (…!)

2. Where do you live? (Где … ?)

3. Who knows? (Кто …?)

4. Where did he work? (Где ….?)

5. I am eating. (Я ….)

6. He is not working. (Он ….)

7. Did you sleep? (Ты …?)

8. Do you like to travel? (Вы любите …?)

9. When will we eat? (Когда …?)

10. I slept well. (Я хорошо ….)

15
Lesson  1  I  Verb algorithm

жить
[zhit’]
to live
imperative живи(те)

+
Я буду
imperfective

Ты будешь
FUTURE

Он / Она будет
жить
Мы будем
Вы будете
Они будут

Я живу
Ты живёшь
PRESENT

Он / Она живёт
Мы живём
Вы живёте
Они живут

sing. masc. Я / ты / Он жил


imperfective
PAST

sing. fem. Я / ты / Она жила

plural Мы / вы / Они жили

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:

1. Did they live?

2. She doesn’t live.

3. We don’t live.

4. She will live.

5. You will not live.

6. They lived.

7. Live! (polite)

8. I live.

18
Lesson  7  I  Days of the week 

Days of the week


In Russia, the week starts on Monday:

понедельник – Monday в понедельник – on Monday


[panidelnik] [f panidelnik]

вторник – Tuesday во вторник – on Tuesday


[ftornik] [va ftornik]

среда – Wednesday во вторник – on Tuesday


[srida] [f sredu]

четверг – Thursday в четверг – on Thursday


[chitverk] [f chitverk]

пятница – Friday в пятницу – on Friday


[piatnitsa] [f piatnitsu]

суббота – Saturday в субботу – on Saturday


[subota] [f subotu]

воскресенье – Sunday в воскресенье – on Sunday


[vaskrisenye] [v vaskrisenye]

Examples:
Сегодня понедельник. – Today is monday.
Во вторник он идёт к врачу. – Оn Tuesday he is going to the doctor.
В среду мы покупаем машину. – Оn Wednesday we are going to buy a car.

Other structures:
on Mondays: «по» (on) + day of week (in the Dative case): по понедельникам
last Friday: «в» + last + day of week (in the Accusative case): в прошлую пятницу
next Sunday: «в» + next + day of week (in the Accusative case): в следующее воскресенье

But!
Week: last week: на прошлой неделе (prepositional case)
next week: на следующей неделе (prepositional case)

Ü When we talk about the past actions we use:


Сardinal numeral + indication of the period in the genitive case + назад [nazat] (ago):
три дня назад – 3 days ago
две недели назад – 2 weeks ago
пять минут назад – 5 minutes ago

Ü When we talk about the future actions we use:


через [cheris] (in) + cardinal numeral + indication of the period in the genitive case:
через три месяца – in 3 months
через шесть недель – in 6 weeks
через семь часов – in 7 hours

118
Lesson  14  I  Topic: Family

Topic: Family
Семья

родители ро д ственники


parents relatives

оте ц мать
father mother

сын дочь
son daughter

ребёнок де т и
baby children

брат сестра
brother sister

де д ушка ба бушка


grandfather grandmother

муж жена
husband wife

236
Full contents

Full contents

Russian alphabet 8

Practical guidelines 10

Lesson 1 11

Common phrases 12
The Russian verb 14
Question and Time Words 16
Verb algorithm:
Жить – to live 18
Любить – to love 19
Знать – to know 20
Работать – to work 21
Путешествовать – to travel 22
Спать – to sleep 23
Пить – to drink 24
Есть – to eat 25
Final exercises 26

Lesson 2 27

The Prepositional case 28


Preposition «o» (about) + Pronoun. imperative form 30
The preposition «о(б)» (about) + personal pronouns 32
Endings of Nouns in the Prepositional case 34
Verb algorithm:
Быть – to be 36
Делать, сделать – to do, to make 37
Думать, подумать – to think 38
Говорить, поговорить – to speak 39
Читать, прочитать – to read 40
Писать, написать – to write 41
Смотреть, посмотреть – to look, to watch 42
Видеть, увидеть – to see 43
Final exercises 44
Full contents

Lesson 3 45

Accusative case 46
Personal pronouns and nouns in the Accusative case 48
Other structures with the Accusative case 50
Verb algorithm:
Спрашивать, спросить – to ask 52
Понимать, понять – to understand 53
Идти, пойти – to go 54
Приходить, прийти – to come 55
Ехать, поехать – to go (by transport) 56
Приезжать, приехать – to come (by transport), to arrive 57
Мочь, смочь – can, TO BE ABLE 58
давать, дать – to give 59
Final exercises 60

Lesson 4 61

Dative case 62
Personal pronouns in the Dative case 64
Instrumental case 66
The Russian verb нравиться (like) 70
Verb algorithm:
Ждать, подождать – to wait 72
Верить, поверить – to believe 73
Звонить, позвонить – to call (by telephone) 74
Отвечать, ответить – to answer 75
Говорить, сказать – to say, to tell 76
Помогать, помочь – to help 77
Заказывать, заказать – to order 78
Показывать, показать – to show 79
Final exercises 80
Full contents

Lesson 5 81

The Genitive case 82


Possessive pronouns 86
Verb algorithm:
слышать, уСлышать – to hear 90
Слушать, послушать – to listen 91
выбирать, Выбрать – to choose 92
Покупать, купить – to buy 93
Продавать, продать – to sell 94
платить, заПлатить – to pay 95
Искать – to search, to look for 96
найти – to find 97
Final exercises 98

Lesson 6 99

Plural 100
Numbers 102
Typical endings in the Genitive case (plural) 104
Verb algorithm:
надевать, Надеть – to put on (clothes) 106
Снимать, снять – to take off, to remove 107
Хотеть, захотеть – to want 108
Приносить, принести – to bring 109
Стоять – to stand 110
Лежать – to lie 111
Сидеть – to sit 112
Вставать, встать – to get up, to stand up 113
Final exercises 114

Lesson 7 115

The time 116


Days of the week 118
Months of the year 120
Seasons of the year 122
Verb algorithm:
Начинать, начать – to start 124
Заканчивать, закончить – to finish 125
Разрешать, разрешить – to allow 126
Запрещать, запретить – to forbid 127
Открывать, открыть – to open 128
Закрывать, закрыть – to close 129
Входить, войти – to enter 130
Выходить, выйти – to go out 131
Final exercises 132
Full contents

Lesson 8 133

Plural of nouns in other cases 134


Possessive pronouns (plural) 136
Verb algorithm:
Обещать, пообещать – to promise 138
Просить, попросить – to request, to ask 139
Помнить, запомнить – to remember 140
забывать, Забыть – to forget 141
Предлагать, предложить – to offer, to propose 142
Терять, потерять – to lose (something) 143
Продолжать, продолжить – to continue 144
советовать, поСоветовать – to advise 145
Final exercises 146

Lesson 9 147

Adjectives 148
Comparative and superlative forms of adjective 152
Colours 154
Verb algorithm:
Иметь – to have 156
держать – to keep, to hold 157
Доказывать, доказать – to prove 158
Прятать, спрятать – to hide 159
Обсуждать, обсудить – to discuss 160
Объяснять, объяснить – to explain 161
узнавать, Узнать – To recognize, to find out 162
проверять, Проверить – to check 163
Final exercises 164

Lesson 10 165

Ordinal Numbers: Gender, Number, and Case 166


To specify the time 170
The date 172
Seasons of the year. Years 174
Verb algorithm:
Выигрывать, выиграть –to win 176
Проигрывать, проиграть – to lose (in a game) 177
Получать, получить – to receive, to get 178
Оставлять, оставить – to leave (something) 179
Прощать, простить – to forgive 180
Менять, поменять – to change 181
Зарабатывать, заработать –to earn 182
Тратить, потратить – to spend 183
Final exercises 184
Full contents

Lesson 11 185

Reflexive verbs 186


Comparative forms of adverbs 188
Impersonal structures 190
Verb algorithm:
Улыбаться, улыбнуться – to smile 192
смеяться, заСмеяться – to laugh 193
Мыть, помыть –to wash 194
умываться, Умыться – to wash oneself 195
Находиться – to be, to be situated 196
Надеяться – to hope 197
Встречаться – to meet with smb 198
Бояться – to be afraid 199
Final exercises 200

Lesson 12 201

A useful pattern 202


Verb algorithm:
уходить, уйти – to walk away 208
Учиться – to study (somewhere) 209
учить, выучить – to learn (something) 210
учить, научить – to teach (somebody) 211
Плакать, заплакать – to cry 212
Беспокоиться – to worry 213
Соглашаться, согласиться – to agree, to accept 214
Отказываться, отказаться – to refuse 215
Final exercises 216

Lesson 13 217

Prepositions 218
Some useful structures 222
More useful structures 224
Verb algorithm:
Cпешить – to hurry 226
посылать, Послать – to send 227
Поздравлять, поздравить – to congratulate 228
Приглашать, пригласить – to invite 229
Играть – to play 230
Отдыхать, отдохнуть – to have a rest 231
переводить, перевести – to translate 232
Расти, вырасти – to grow 233
Final exercises 234
Full contents

Lesson 14 235

Topic: Family 236


Topic: Home 238
Topic: Food 240
Topic: Appearance 242
Verb algorithm:
Готовить, приготовить – to cook, to PREPARE 244
Носить – to wear, to CARRY 245
Петь, спеть – to sing 246
Танцевать, потанцевать – to dance 247
Рисовать, нарисовать – to draw 248
Решать, решить – to decide, to solve 249
Ломать, сломать – to break 250
Строить, построить – to build 251
Final exercises 252

Lesson 15 253

Topic: Work and education 254


Topic: Profession 256
Topic: Clothes 258
Topic: Shopping 260
Topic: Hobbies 262
Verb algorithm:
Брать, взять – To take 264
класть, положить – to put 265
Бросать, бросить – to throw, to abandon, to give up 266
Ловить, поймать – to catch 267
Плыть, поплыть – to swim 268
Лететь, полететь – to fly 269
Бежать, побежать – To run 270
падать, уПасть – to fall 271
Final exercises 272

Lesson 16 273

Topic: Natural phenomena 274


Topic: Weather 276
Topic: Nature 278
Topic: City 280
Topic: Travel 282
Verb algorithm:
Желать, пожелать – to wish 284
Мечтать – to dream 285
Целовать, поцеловать – to kiss 286
Чувствовать, почувствовать – to feel 287
Дарить, подарить – to make a present , give as a gift 288
Благодарить, поблагодарить – to thank 289
Уезжать, уехать – to leave, go away (in a vehicle) 290
возвращаться, вернуться – to come back 291
Final exercises 292

Final exercises 293


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