SONET
PON
SONET/SDH
• Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) in the
U.S., Canada, and Japan; Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) elsewhere.
• Time-division multiplexing (TDM) transmits a
constant stream of information.
• Widely used in telephone network.
SDH – Successor of PDH
• PDH = Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
• Plesiochronous multiplexing – (nearly
synchronous) multiplexing in which two or
more signals are transmitted at nominally the
same digital rate and their significant
instances occur at nominally the same time.
SONET Architecture
SONET Layers
SONET Networks
SONET Networks
UPSR
BLSR
Mesh
SONET Frames
SONET Frames
SONET / SDH Speeds
Passive Optical Network (PON)
• PON
Findisdata rateof of
a form a STS-1access
fiber-optic signal.network
that uses
point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which
unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single
optical fiber to serve multiple premises.
A PON does not include electrically powered switching
equipment and instead uses optical splitters to separate
and collect optical signals as they move through the
network.
Passive Optical Network (PON)
ADVANTAGES:
• low building cost relative to active optical networks along with
• Find
lowerdata rate of
maintenance a STS-1 signal.
costs
•Because there are few moving or electrical parts, there's simply
less that can go wrong in a PON
•Shared infrastructure translates to lower cost per costumer
DISADVANTAGES:
• less range than an active optical network
• Data transmission speed may slow down during peak usage times
in an effect known as latency
PON Components
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
PON Components
• OLT (Optical Line Terminal) is a terminal equipment
connected to the fiber backbone. It sends Ethernet data to the
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
ONU.
two primary functions:
1. Converting the standard signals used by a Fiber
Optic service provider to the frequency and framing used by
the PON system.
2. Coordinating the multiplexing between the conversion
devices on the optical network terminals (ONTs) located on
the customers' premises.
PON Components
• Find
• ODNdata rate
(Optical of a STS-1
Distribution signal.
Network) is a fiber optic cable
network based on PON equipment. Its role is to provide optical
transmission channel between the OLT and ONU. Within the
ODN, optical fibers, fiber optic connectors, passive optical
splitters, and auxiliary components collaborate with each other.
PON Components
• ONU (Optical Network Unit) is a generic term denoting a
device that terminates any one of the endpoints of a fiber to
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
the premises network.
• ONU converts optical signals transmitted via fiber to
electrical signals. It can send, aggregate and groom
different types of data.
**Grooming is the process that optimises and reorganises
the data stream so it would be delivered more efficient.
PON Components
Downstream Transmission
•OLT broadcast data downstream to all ONU
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
•ONU captures data destined for its address
* Downstream traffic refers data that is received by a
computer or network. This includes receiving e-mail
messages, downloading files, or simply visiting Web pages.
Upstream Transmission
• ONUs share bandwidth using Time Division Multiple Access
• OLT manages the ONU timeslots
* Upstream traffic refers to data that is sent from a computer
or network. This includes all types of outgoing data, such as
sending an e-mail message or uploading a file.
PON Topologies
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
Reference
• https://www.fs.com/passive-optical-network-tutorial-aid-202.html
• https://computer.howstuffworks.com/fiber-to-the-home2.htm
• https://pc.net/helpcenter/answers/upstream_vs_downstream_traffic
• Find data rate of a STS-1 signal.
• http://www.infocellar.com/networks/new-tech/EPON/EPON.htm
• https://www.multicominc.com/solutions/technologies/gpon/
• http://www.electronicdesign.com/what-s-difference-between/what-s-
difference-between-epon-and-gpon-optical-fiber-networks
• http://www.electronicdesign.com/what-s-difference-between/what-s-
difference-between-epon-and-gpon-optical-fiber-networks
