`

WHEN DO WE USE THE PRESENT

PERFECT SIMPLE?
FORM:
1. For actions which happened at an
indefinite time in the past but we
don’t mention exactly when as the
+ Affirmative
exact time is not important. These
actions often have consequences in the
present.
Peter has broken his leg. (He can’t
walk now.) subject + have / has + past participle of
the main verb
2. For actions which happened in the past I / You / We / They have completed the
but we don’t mention an exact time. task.
He has seen that film. He / She / It has completed the test.
3. Recent actions completed a short time
ago (or where we expect the results to
be imminent) where results are often - Negative
visible in the present. In this case we
usually use just, already and yet.
Carlos has just finished his
homework. subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past
Have you done your homework participle of the main verb
yet? I / You / We / They haven´t eaten lunch.
Maria has already tidied her He / She / It hasn´t eaten lunch.
room.
4. Experiences that we have or haven’t
had in our lives, there is not a ? Interrogative
definite time given - “up to now”. In
this case we use ever and never.
Have you ever been to Gabon?
I have never been to Spain. Affirmative
5. For an action that began in the past Have / has + subject + past participle of
the main verb
and is related to now: often used with
Have I / you/ we / they been here long?
Since and For.
Has he / she / it been here long?
I have taught at this school for Negative
three years. Haven’t / hasn’t + subject + past
6. When we talk about how many times we participle of the main verb
have repeated an action: Haven’t I / you/ we / they been here
Stella has seen that film four before?
Hasn’t he / she / it been here before?
times.
7. When we talk about how much we
have completed. Short Answers
I’ve written 2 pages of my
composition.
8. When we talk about a time period that Examples:
is not finished such as this morning, Q: Have you closed the door?
this month, today, this afternoon. A: Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
I have seen him today. Q: Has she left the party?
Created by Enid Venter – SoutAh:AYfersic, ashe has. / No, she hasn’t.
 THIS MORNING / THIS WEEK / THIS MONTH / THIS YEAR / TODAY / ETC…
Use: Affirmative, negative and interrogative. These expressions are used when the period of time is
unfinished at the time of speaking.
Word Order: At the end or at the beginning of the sentence. With the interrogative it appears at the end of
the sentence.
Example: Have you read the newspaper this morning? (It is before 12:00 midday.)
Note the difference:
Did you read the newspaper this morning? (It is after 12:00 midday.)

FOR
SINCE EVER
Use: Affirmative and negative
Use: Affirmative and negative Use: Interrogatives. We use it
sentences. It refers to the
sentences. It refers to the in questions about experiences
duration of the action – a
starting point of the action. that have / haven’t happened
period of time.
Word Order: Before ‘the at any time up to the present.
Word Order: Before ‘the
action or time’. Word Order: Between have /
period of time’.
Example: They have lived has + subject and the past
Example: I have taught at this
in South Africa since 1994. participle (that is before the
school for two years.
I have spoken French since I past participle).
was a child. Example: Have you ever
driven a sports car?

NEVER
LATELY RECENTLY
Use: Affirmative - has a
Use: Affirmative, negative and Use: Affirmative, negative and
negative meaning. We use it to
interrogative. interrogative.
say that something hasn’t
Word Order: At the end of the Word Order: Between have /
happened at any time up to the
sentence. has and the past participle or
present
Example: I haven’t been to at the end of the sentence.
Word Order: Between have /
the Example: He has recently
has and the past participle (that
cinema lately. bought a new car.
is before the past participle).
Example: I have never
jumped off a bridge.

JUST
YET ALREADY
Use: Affirmative. We use it to
Use: In negatives and Use: Affirmative sentences.
talk about something that was
interrogatives. Shows that an action was
completed / happened recently.
In negative sentences – shows completed before the time of
Word Order: Between have /
that an action has not speaking, sometimes before it
has + subject and the past
happened but that we think it was expected to happen.
participle (that is before the
will happen. Word Order: Between have /
` past participle).
Word Order: At the end of has and the past participle.
Example: The man has just
the sentence. Example: She has already
had an accident.
Example: She hasn’t eaten paid the fee.
yet.
For most regular verbs ………………………………....
Spelling Rules: add –ed Example: walk - walked
Regular verbs ending with –e …………………………….
add –d Example: live - lived
Regular verbs ending with a –y …………………….
preceded by a vowel add –ed Example: play – played
Regular verbs ending with a -y
C…r…e…at…e…d …b…y .Enid Venter –chSaonugteh tAhefr–icyato –i then add –ed
Example: cry -
preceded by a consonant cried
Regular verbs ending with a ……………………….. double the final consonant before adding –ed
consonant + one vowel + Example: slip – slipped (there are exceptions such
one consonant as ‘visit – visited’)
1. Complete the sentences using the
2. Make present perfect questions with
present perfect as in the example.
‘ever’ using the clues.
a. They _ (BUY) a new house.
a. ride / an elephant ?
They have bought a new house. Have you ever ridden an elephant?
b. Carlos (VİSİT) San Diego b. eat / raw meat ?
three times. _
c. Thomas _ (LOSE) his passport. c. spend / a day in prison ?
d. Stella _ (DO) her homework. _
e. They (GO) to the cinema. d. go / fishing ?
_
f. Michael _ (SEE) Diane e. been / to Cape Town ?
today. _
g. Maria _ (IRON) her dress. f. drive / a bus ?
_

3. Complete the sentences with a

word from the box. 4. Use the sentences to complete the
crossword puzzle.
DOWN
since already ago just
1. Michael hasn't (stop) smoking yet.
ever for never yet still
2. The plane has (fly) into a storm.
a. We have lived in this house a 3. The boxer has _ (lose) the
long time. fight against his opponent.
b. I have’t seen Sam last week. 4. Thomas hasn't _ (complete) his
c. He doesn’t want to have lunch. He has homework.
_ eaten. 5. Valdimar has (forgive) his girlfriend
d. Vanda has _ been to Spain, for cheating on him.
but she would like to go there. 6. The soldiers have (advance) against
e. Mary hasn’t arrived _, but she their enemy.
should be here soon.
1 5

2 8

ACROSS
3 4 6
1. Joseph isn't feeling well. He hasn't
(sleep) well for three nights. 3
2. My father has accidently (cut)
his finger with a sharp knife.
3. The secretary hasn't 4
(photocopy) the document for her
boss.
4. The little boy has (cry)
without stopping since he lost his 5
toy.
5. Sheila has just (break) her
favourite ornament and is very
upset.
6. Stephen has never C(rpelaatye)d by Enid Venter – South A2frica 9
football.
 6
7. Ben has _ _ (write) an
exceptionally good essay.
8. Justin has just (throw) the

5. Write the questions to fit the 6. Circle the correct word from those
following answers. Use the word given in bold. Write the questions to fit
in brackets in your question. the following answers.
1. Q: Have you just woken up? (just) 1. They have eat/ are eating / eaten two
A: Yes, I woke up five minutes ago. apples each.
2. Q: (yet) 2. He has always smokes / smoked /
A: Yes, I had breakfast at 6 o’clock. smoking twenty cigarettes a day!
3. Q: (ever) 3. My sister has just makes / making /
A: Yes, I broke my leg last year. made a chicken sandwich.
4. Q: 4. Jessie has already washes / washed /
(already) washing up after dinner.
A: Yes, I have made the dinner. I finished 5. Charles has paid / pays / pay the bill
it earlier than usual.
in the restaurant.
5. Q:
6. The dog has jump / jumping /
(recently)
A: No, I haven’t been to a zoo since I was
jumped over the stream.
7. Sam has just calling / calls / called
twelve.
6. Q: (ever) me on my phone to invite me to a party.
A: No, Steve has never played football. 8. Freda has never being / be / been to
Brazil.

7. Complete with ‘already’ or ‘yet’ as in We use “for”

the example.
when we refer to
1. I’m not hungry. I have _ had dinner. a period of time.
I’m not hungry. I have already had
Example:
dinner. I have attended this
2. They haven’t gone to sleep . school for three months.
3. Sally has done her
homework. We use “Since” to refer to when things
4. Have you been to the park ? began.
5. Adam has _ visited Italy. Example:
- I've lived in Ireland since 2009.
-
8. Extend the sentences. Use the example to help you.

He is repairing the broken television. He has repaired the broken television.

The children are playing in the garden.
Charlotte is running to the chemist.
My father is having a shower.
Bruno is washing his new car.

Vera is answering the letter from her friend.

John is brushing his teeth.
Carey is writing her final tests.

CArdedate–debdytEontihdeVenter – 9S.ouCtohmApfrliectae with ‘for’ or

‘since’ as in the
 root form of example.
regular verbs to 1. Tom has attended this university _
form the past three years.
participle. Tom has attended this university for
Created by Enid Venter – South Africa