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Police Dog Unit

Standard Operating Procedure

Notice:

This document has been made available through the

Police Service of Scotland Freedom of Information
Publication Scheme. It should not be utilised as guidance
or instruction by any police officer or employee as it may
have been redacted due to legal exemptions

Owning Department Specialist Operations

Version Number 2.00 (Publication Scheme)

Date Published 20/10/2016

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Compliance Record

Equality Impact Assessment: Date Completed / Reviewed: 11/10/2016

Information Management Compliant: Yes
Health and Safety Compliant: Yes
Publication Scheme Compliant: Yes

Version Control Table

Version History of Amendments Approval Date

1.00 Initial Approved Version 14/03/2013
Full cyclical review of SOP with inclusion of reference
to associated legislation and SOPs; additional
information relating to the Selection Process, Training
and Review of Post for Dog Handlers; Kennelling and
2.00 11/10/2016
Care at Handlers Home Address and reference to
animal welfare scheme arrangements. Title of SOP
changed from Police Dogs SOP to Police Dog Unit
SOP.

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Contents

1. Purpose

2. European Convention on Human Rights

3. Definitions

4. Responsibility For Police Dogs & Restriction On Use

5. Police Dog Capabilities

6. Selection of Dog Handlers

7. Kennelling, Care and Exercise

8. Veterinary Care and Animal Welfare Organisations

9. Transport of Police Dogs

10. Acquisition/Disposal/Retirement of Police Dogs

11. Training and Assessment

12. Equipment

13. Operational Deployment

14. Police Dog Bite Reporting

15. Dangerous Dogs

16. Risk Assessment

17. Review of Post

Appendices

Appendix ‘A’ List of Associated Legislation

Appendix ‘B’ List of Associated Reference Documents
Appendix ‘C’ List of Associated Forms

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1. Purpose
1.1. This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) supports the Police Service of
Scotland (hereafter referred to as Police Scotland) Specialist Operations
Policy.

1.2. The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure is to provide staff and
officers with guidance on:
 Training and care of Police Dogs,
 Operational deployment of Police Dogs, and
 Associated practices.

1.3. The Guidance contained in this document is consistent with that conveyed by
the Police Dog Manual of Guidance.

2. European Convention on Human Rights

2.1 Police Scotland is committed to ensuring that whenever the use of force is
necessary, officers will:
 Respect human life and act in such a way as to minimise injury or damage;
 Exercise restraint and ensure that in a given set of circumstances, their
responses are proportionate and appropriate, and consistent with the
legitimate objective to be achieved; and
 Ensure that assistance and medical aid are rendered to any injured
persons at the earliest practicable moment.

2.2 During all stages of an incident requiring the use of Police Dogs, Police
Scotland will seek to meet the requirements of the principles of the European
Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) namely, legality, legitimacy,
proportionality, necessity and accountability.

2.3 Where individuals’ rights are concerned, this SOP necessarily discriminates
against any person where the lawful purpose of Police Dog Handlers in
deploying with a Police Dog will be to:
(a) Protect life by:
 Searching for a missing person or substances that may endanger life,
and;
 Deterring offenders who pose an immediate threat to the safety of
others.
(b) Detect crime by searching to recover evidence or hidden suspect(s).
(c) Prevent the escape of suspect(s) believed to have committed a serious
crime and who is actively evading arrest by fleeing, but only where other
options have been tried and proved ineffective or were considered but
were deemed inappropriate.
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2.4 As such, the legitimate aim of the policy and associated SOP may interfere
with the following elements of the ECHR:
 Article 5 – Right to liberty and security of person; and
 Article 8 – Right to respect private and family life.

2.5 The need to interfere with an individual’s rights has been identified and
considered necessary for the following reasons:
 Prevent crime and disorder;
 Public safety;
 Protecting the rights and freedoms of others; and
 National security.

3. Definitions
3.1 A “Police Dog” is deemed to be any dog, which is trained, or is undergoing
structured training on behalf of the Chief Constable.

3.2 All reference to the term “dog” also includes bitches and pups belonging to the
Service that are subject to any separate contractual conditions and
arrangements.

3.3 “Dog Handler” should not only mean any Police Dog Handler but should also
include Police Officers who are allocated Police Dogs prior to initial training
and also any member of Police Staff who handle Police Dogs in an operational
capacity.

4. Responsibility for Police Dogs and Restriction on Use

4.1 Responsibility

4.1.1 The Head of Specialist Operations will retain overall responsibility for all Police
Dogs and will in accordance with Police Dog Manual Guidelines, appoint a
‘Nominated Officer’. The ‘Nominated Officer’ will be the Chief Inspector within
Specialist Operations with portfolio responsibility for Police Dogs, and is
responsible for:
 Withdrawing dogs from operational service if they fall below a safe
operational standard;
 Maintaining records in relation to bites/incidents reported;
 Monitoring all dog bite/incident reports and to initiate any subsequent
action deemed necessary; and
 Requiring the team to be assessed by a member of the Dog Unit Training
Staff, if appropriate.

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4.1.2 A Dog Handler is an individual into whose care a Police Dog has been placed.
Whilst a Police Dog is in their care the Dog Handler will be responsible for:
 The condition and care of the dog e.g. feeding, grooming, exercise and
control;
 Ensuring that any injury, illness or concerns regarding the health of the dog
are dealt with in compliance with this SOP;

 The maintenance of the dog’s standards;

 Housing and kennelling of the dog in accordance with this SOP; and
 The safe carriage of the animal whilst in a private or police vehicle.

4.2 Restrictions on Use

4.2.1 Unless authorised by a Dog Unit Supervisor, Police Dogs will not be:
 Used for training purposes,
 Used in any exhibition or demonstration,
 Used for breeding,
 Entered in any dog shows/trial, or
 Registered with any society or organisation.

5. Police Dog Capabilities

5.1 Police Scotland Dog Units have dogs trained with a variety of capabilities and
can be utilised for the following purposes:

5.2 General Purpose Dogs

5.2.1 Tracking:
 Of suspects or missing / vulnerable persons on various terrains dependent
upon time delay and prevailing weather conditions; and
 Indication of stolen items discarded or other evidential material track.

5.2.2 Searching:
 For suspects in open areas or buildings;
 For missing / vulnerable persons; and
 For property e.g. evidential material discarded or concealed.

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5.2.3 Use of Force – Disorder

 Deployment for control / containment of spontaneous / sporadic disorder;
 Protection of vulnerable areas / buildings; and
 Deployment for pre-planned events that have possibility of public disorder /
football matches / large scale events.

5.2.4 Use of Force – Chase and Detain, Chase and Stand Off, Weapon Attack /
Attack on Handler
 Deployment to pursue and detain fleeing suspect by biting or by keeping a
suspect under surveillance dependant on their actions and to provide
support and safety for operational staff; and
 Deployment to detain armed / violent offender in line with National Decision
Model and to provide security and support for operational officers.

5.3 Firearms Support

 Containment of buildings or open areas;
 Pursuit and apprehension of suspects;
 Tracking and searching of open ground for suspects;
 Search of buildings / vehicles for suspects in support of firearms officers.

5.4 Pro-Active Drugs/Firearms /Currency

 Deployment to search buildings, vehicles and open spaces for commonly
used controlled substances, currency in note form and firearms and their
component parts; and
 Deployment to search on intelligence led operations in support of officer
search (warrant).

5.5 Passive Drugs/Currency

 Deployment to non-intrusively scan the air around individuals in given
areas, crowds at public places and events either acting on intelligence or
routinely and to provide a passive indication of the presence of commonly
used controlled substances and currency.

5.6 Victim Recovery

 Searching for human remains and blood - multi environment (missing
person enquiries / Road Traffic Collision (RTC) loci / body deposition sites,
blood contamination-weapons/clothing/productions, etc.); and
 Searching for buried remains either partial or whole.

5.7 Explosives Search

 Deployment to search buildings, vehicles and open spaces and routes for
Defensive and Offensive Counter Terrorist Search Operations.

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6. Selection of Dog Handlers

6.1 Specialist Services will manage the selection of dog handlers in consultation
with the Human Resources Department. This process will be in line with the
current Police Dog Manual of Guidance and The Equality Act 2010.

6.2 As part of the recruitment and training process a Handler Suitability

Assessment will be carried out on all potential dog handlers. Any officer who
fails this assessment will not progress any further in the selection process.

6.3 Dog handlers have to be fit and able to control their police dogs. This takes a
certain amount of physical strength and fitness. There is no bespoke fitness
test for dog handlers however there is an evaluation in the selection process
where potential candidates are required to walk over undulating ground
keeping up with a dog and handler. Other aspects of selection include
exercises where candidates are required to handle a police dog. The
overriding principle is to ensure staff safety (Health and Safety at Work Act
1974) and public safety. Dog Handlers must be able to control a Police dog at
all times. The duties of a dog handler could involve covering large areas of
ground on foot and negotiating natural and manmade obstacles. Both the
selection process and operational requirements of the role would impact on
persons who suffer from a physical disability. Under the Equality Act 2010 a
person is disabled if they have a physical or mental impairment which has a
substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal
day-to-day activities. Further information relating to Disability can be found in
the Disability in Employment SOP.

6.4 Allocation of Dogs

6.4.1 It must be stressed that Police Scotland retains the ownership of Police Dogs
and as such reserve the right to remove a dog from the possession of a
Handler at any time.

6.4.2 Officers serving within the Dog Unit as a Dog Handler may be required to take
responsibility for potential Police Dogs, Police Dog puppies or handle a
Specialist dog. This is a condition of the post and will ensure that Specialist
Services are able to deliver all aspects of Police dog support to the Service.

6.5 Dog Handlers Allowances

6.5.1 A Dog Handler’s Allowance will be paid to eligible officers at the nationally
agreed rate for every Police Dog in their care, to cover “care of dog” duties on
rest days.

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7. Kennelling, Care and Exercise

7.1 Handler’s Home Address

7.1.1 Whilst there may be short-term exceptions, a Dog Handler must be able to
accommodate an approved kennel and run and ensure that additional secure
perimeter fencing is in place, at their home address. The property should
have an adequate sized garden to allow for the erection of an approved
kennel, on a suitable base and will be professionally installed at a cost to the
service. The kennel will be sited on top of a slabbed base with an appropriate
amount of bottoming to support the kennel. Other bases may be considered
at the discretion of Operational Support Management. In circumstances
where an officer leaves the Dog Unit and the kennel is to be removed, the
area the kennel was sited in will be left neat and tidy and in line with its
surroundings.

7.1.2 When a new Handler is allocated a Police Dog or an existing Handler seeks to
move home, the premises or new premises will be subject of a Home Address
Suitability Check by a Dog Unit Supervisor to confirm they are suitable for the
kennel and run and the kennelling of a Police Dog.

7.1.3 Existing Handlers will not be allowed to continue dog-handling duties if they
move to new premises which are considered ‘unacceptable’. It is important
that a Home Address Suitability Check is conducted prior to concluding
missives if the Handler wishes to continue in the dog-handling role.

7.1.4 When identifying the area for sighting of the kennel and run particular attention
will be paid to the proximity of adjoining property, footpaths, rights of way, and
any other potential hazards.

7.1.5 Following a house move it may not be possible for provision to be made for
installing a kennel and run due to restricted access to property prior to the
completion date. Where this is anticipated, the Handler should make short-
term arrangements to kennel the Police Dog at the appropriate Service
kennels.

7.1.6 In exceptional circumstances, where the delay in the installation of the kennel
and run at the new address extends beyond the period that the officer would
return to work, a Dog Unit Inspector may give authority for the Police Dog to
be kept at the handlers home, pending installation of the compound, provided
that they are satisfied that an appropriate risk assessment has been carried
out. The period of authority must be specified and reviewed by the Dog Unit
Inspector.

7.1.7 Handlers will be responsible for implementing and maintaining any required
additional security measures, at their own expense. These additional
measures will be identified during the Home Address Suitability Check and
recorded in the associated report in instances where the home address is
deemed to be ‘acceptable with modifications’.

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7.1.8 As soon as the Handler receives confirmation of the date for moving house,
they should make a formal application to their Dog Unit Supervisor to request
the Service to move and install the kennel and run compound at the new
address. No Handler will make direct contact with contractors to effect
installation of a kennel or run. Following appointment to the Dog Unit a
handler will be able to have one change of address where the costs of
relocating the kennel and any associated ground work at the new address to
facilitate the siting of the kennel, will be met by Police Scotland. Kennel
relocation costs and associated ground work costs, incurred during any
additional house moves, whilst still a member of the Dog Unit, will be
considered by Operational Support Senior managers on a case by case basis.
The cost of relocating the kennel will only apply if it is the handler’s choice to
move home and not as a result of a transfer.

7.1.9 Handlers allocated Police Dogs will be issued with an approved kennel and
run at their home address. The kennel and run should afford protection from
adverse weather including heat, cold and damp. The kennel must be large
enough for the dog to lie comfortably both in and beside its bed and clean
comfortable bedding should be provided. Police Dogs should have their own
bed with all bedding being cleaned regularly and replaced when necessary.
Police Dogs should be secured in these kennels and runs, unless they are
under the physical control of their Handlers. Under no circumstances will
Police Dogs be allowed to roam freely in the garden of a Handler’s home,
unsupervised by the Handler.

7.1.10 Every effort will be made to site the compound in accordance with the
preference of the Handler however any additional work necessary to install the
kennel and run will be the responsibility of the individual Handler. This
additional work may be undertaken either by the Handler or by contractors at
the Handler’s expense.

7.1.11 The kennel will remain the property of Police Scotland at all times, and where
an officer is no longer serving as a Dog Handler, arrangements for its removal
will be made.

7.1.12 Subject to approval, e.g. where a Police Dog is retired and signed over to an
officer, it may be possible for that officer to purchase the kennel and run for a
fee agreed in consultation with the Finance Department. The cost will reflect
the age and condition of the kennel.

7.1.13 Dog Unit Supervisors are responsible for ensuring home kennels and runs are
maintained in a satisfactory condition and that a Handler’s home address
continues to offer a secure environment for the allocated dogs. The Handler
has a duty to immediately report any defect or deterioration of the kennel or
run.

7.1.14 Inspections of these kennels will be carried out with a maximum of 24 months
between such inspections. Police Scotland reserves the right to inspect the
condition in which a Police Dog is being kept, at any time.

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7.1.15 Unless there are exceptional circumstances, at least three days’ notice of a
proposed inspection will be given to a Dog Handler. Any such inspection
should be conducted in the presence of the Handler concerned.

7.1.16 When a Handler is on leave, away from his/her registered address, the
allocated Police Dog will normally be kennelled at the appropriate Service
kennels or other approved establishment.

7.1.17 Where a member of the dog unit is pregnant consideration must be given to
the welfare of both the Officer concerned and the Police Dogs they are
responsible for handling. This may mean that whilst the officer is pregnant or
on maternity leave their Police Dog(s) may be allocated to another officer on
either a temporary or permanent basis. Each individual case would consider
the age and specialism of the Police Dog(s) and the capability of the officer to
provide adequate care for the Police Dog. All considerations would be
discussed with senior management in conjunction with HR to ensure legality
and staff welfare. Further information is contained within the following SOPs:
Adoption, Maternity and Paternity SOP and Shared Parental Leave SOP.

7.1.18 A Dog Handler will not normally be given permission to take a Police Dog on
holiday, or away from it’s approved residence, where this involves the housing
of the dog in anything other than its own kennel except where the dog is
kennelled in an approved dog vehicle when the officer is engaged on mutual
aid or participating in a dog trial. Kennelling in a caravan, a tent or on a
campsite is not acceptable. Permission will not be granted to take Police
Dogs abroad.

7.1.19 If an officer wishes to take the Police Dog with him/her on leave, away from
the home address, authority may be given by a Dog Unit Inspector.

7.1.20 Subject to the approval of a Dog Unit Inspector an officer may make
arrangements for his/her dog to be cared for by another Police Dog Handler at
their home address.

7.1.21 The preceding instruction will also apply when a Handler is sick and unable to
exercise and care for the allocated Police Dog personally at his/her home
address.

7.1.22 Home Kennels and runs will be kept clean and disinfected at regular intervals,
by the Handler, in line with training. Only Police Dogs or retired Police Dogs
will be housed in home kennels and runs. Suitable disinfectant for cleaning all
Police Dog Kennels will be available to all handlers.

7.1.23 Continuous or unnecessary barking must be prevented to minimise disruption

to neighbours. Where it is known or believed that by virtue of keeping a Police
Dog at home, a complaint by a member of the public is likely, the Dog Handler
will report the matter immediately to a Dog Unit Supervisor with a full written
report being submitted as soon as possible.

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7.1.24 Where care and exercise responsibilities are not possible, the default
arrangement will always be that the Police Dog will be kennelled at the
appropriate Service kennels, or other approved establishment, or another
identified Handler tasked with care and exercise.

7.1.25 The Police Dog will, at all times, other than when the dog is under the
personal control of the Handler, be kept in the kennel and run provided.

7.1.26 Exercising of Police Dogs should only be carried out by the handler and this
should be done on foot. Exercising a dog whilst on a bicycle, on horseback or
any other method, is not permitted. A Police Dog should be exercised on the
lead unless the Handler makes an assessment that it is safe to do otherwise.
Prior to exercising a police dog, it is the responsibility of the handler to conduct
a dynamic risk assessment taking cognisance of the following factors:
 Proximity of other persons and animals;
 Use of open spaces are preferred avoiding dead ground;
 Time of day (dark or light);
 Features that make the assessment of risk difficult e.g. woodland, buildings
etc;
 Boundaries such as rivers or fences; and
 Vantage point provided over area.

7.1.27 The Handler should keep his/her dog in view at all times and be able to recall
it should the need arise. Exercising of Police Dogs in woodland or areas
frequented by members of the public and other animals is not advisable.

7.1.28 A Dog Handler may exercise two Police Dogs simultaneously provided that
they are both kept on a leash. Exercising more than two Police Dogs at the
same time is prohibited. Police Dogs will not be exercised with any other dog
which is not a Police Dog e.g. family pets or any other animal.

7.1.29 A kennel collar or other means of identification will be worn by the dog when at
the Handler’s home, and will accompany the dog when taken to any Service
kennels or other establishment for kennelling. All Police Scotland Dogs are to
be microchipped.

7.1.30 Dog Handlers will ensure that manufacturers feeding guides are followed. All
Police Dog Handlers must ensure that their dogs remain in a fit and healthy
condition. Accredited Police Dog Training Instructors will be responsible for
rigorously supervising the health and condition of dogs on every occasion that
they instruct a Handler. A record of the dog’s condition will be endorsed on
every Police Dog Training Record.

7.2 Service Establishments

7.2.1 The following information provides guidance in relation to the kennelling of

dogs at all Service Kennels.

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7.2.2 Dog Handlers are paid an allowance for caring for Police Dogs on rest days. It
will be permissible to book dogs into Service Kennels where required during
periods of annual leave. Permission to use either a service or private kennel
to board a Police Dog outwith allocated period of annual leave can only be
granted by Dog Unit Inspector. Dog Unit Sergeants are to keep records in
respect of all occasions that a Police Dog is placed into a service or private
kennel facility.

7.2.3 Dog Handlers must submit requests attaching a Kennel Booking Form – not a
national form, indicating their intention to use a Service Kennel facility or other
approved establishment via line management at least fourteen days prior to
the period required or as soon as is reasonably practicable.

7.2.4 In exceptional circumstances it may be necessary to kennel a Police Dog at

Service Kennels at short notice. In this instance a Dog Unit Supervisor will be
notified and relevant permission sought retrospectively. It will be the
responsibility of the Dog Handler lodging the Police Dog(s) to ensure that
relevant staff are aware of any dog(s) being lodged at the Service Kennels
and necessary arrangements are made for the care of the dog(s).

7.2.5 Dog Handlers will make arrangements for delivery and collection of dogs to
and from the Service Kennels. Police vehicles, where available, will be used
for this purpose, although there may be occasions when a Handler will have to
convey their dog(s) to the appropriate Kennel establishment in their own
private vehicles.

7.2.6 Police Dogs accommodated in Service Kennels will only be exercised and fed
by a Dog Handler, Kennel Staff or individual, under supervision of such
person, i.e. Trainee Handler.

7.2.7 Police Dogs accommodated at Service Kennels will be fed and exercised on a
daily basis, with the responsibility falling on the Kennel Staff assisted where
required by on duty Dog Handlers.

7.2.8 Airwave terminals will be carried by staff carrying out dog exercise duties at
Service Kennels in order that the ‘emergency button’ may be activated in
cases of emergency.

7.2.9 If problems of aggression are encountered at any time during the dogs stay at
the kennels this will be reported immediately to the Dog Unit Supervisor and
will be recorded.

7.2.10 Service Kennel repair and maintenance will be the responsibility of the Dog
Unit Sergeants. The kennels and runs will be kept clean, being disinfected
weekly or more frequently if required by kennel staff and Dog Handlers
engaged in training duties at the establishment.

7.2.11 Only Police Dogs will be housed within service kennels. Retired Police Dogs,
stray dogs or seized dogs will not be kept at Service Kennels.

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7.2.12 Private kennels, where used, must be approved by Dog Unit Supervisors, who
are to ensure that documented risk assessment and vetting have been
completed. Staff training and care guidance, including exercise protocol will
be provided and recorded, prior to the establishment being approved for use.
Staff changes will be notified to the Dog Unit to permit additional vetting and
training where required.

8. Veterinary Care and Animal Welfare Organisations

8.1 Veterinary records will be maintained for all Police Dogs, recording
examination, treatment, inoculations and medical history. In addition, a weekly
record of the dog’s weight, worming tablets administered and any first
aid/treatment administered, not requiring the service of a veterinary surgeon,
will also be recorded. Such treatment will be brought to the attention of a Dog
Unit Supervisor.

8.2 Veterinary records will be available for examination by Line Management,

appropriate veterinary surgeons, instructors and Animal Welfare Lay Visitors.

8.3 Dog Unit Supervisors will be responsible for overseeing Veterinary Care and
Animal Welfare. That being said, in general terms the allocated Dog Handler
is responsible for the health, fitness and welfare of their dog. Whilst in service
Kennels this responsibility will fall to the Dog Unit Support Staff whose
responsibility it is to care for the dog(s).

8.4 If a dog shows symptoms of illness requiring Veterinary attention, or is unfit for
duty through sickness or injury, the handler must inform a Dog Unit Supervisor
as soon as practicable.

8.5 On being allocated a Police Dog, the Handler will register the dog with the
approved Veterinary Care Provider. The veterinary practice where the dog is
registered will be responsible for the provision of all routine treatment and will
ensure effective case management and uniformity in the care received.
However, in an emergency, the Dog Handler or person delegated the
responsibility for the dog’s care must act in the best interests of the dog and
obtain treatment from the nearest available vet.

8.6 Where the handler considers that a Police Dog is unwell and veterinary
treatment is required then steps should be taken, dependent upon the
circumstances, to obtain relevant permission before costs are incurred, as cost
of veterinary fees will be met by the Service.

8.7 Where a Police Dog is recovering from an injury, illness or surgery, and is
unable to work, the Handler should primarily be regarded as the best person to
provide care for the dog. In such circumstances however, it may still be
appropriate for the dog to be brought to work by the handler and lightly
exercised, thus allowing the Dog Handler to undertake other duties. If in doubt
veterinary advice should always be sought. At other times, it may be

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considered more appropriate for the dog to be left at home, where for
example, the illness is contagious.

8.8 Alternatively, the dog may benefit from being left in the quiet of its home
surroundings in order to recover. Care of the dog during this period should be
a consideration and the handler afforded some degree of flexible working
arrangements during the recovery period.

8.9 Consideration should be given to the timing of any minor surgery or routine
veterinary treatment provided to the police dog.

8.10 A Vet will examine every Police Dog at least once every 12 months, usually at
the time of their annual booster vaccinations.

8.11 Dog Unit Inspectors shall liaise with veterinary care providers to ensure a
process is in place for the reporting of any welfare concerns relative to a
Police Scotland dog.

8.12 Veterinary surgeries will send individual invoices for all treatment provided to
Police Scotland who will arrange payment.

8.13 Approaches from the SSPCA and other animal welfare organisations to
inspect training and care practices of Police Dogs must be referred to a Dog
Unit Inspector, however, reasonable requests should always be
accommodated.

8.14 Police Scotland introduced animal welfare scheme arrangements in 2016,

appointing the SSPCA as the nominated organisation. In essence, the
SSPCA have been appointed as the responsible organisation to attend Dog
and Mounted bases across the country, and for the purposes of this scheme,
observing and reporting upon conditions under which Police Dogs and Horses
are housed, trained, transported and deployed. Full conditions of the scheme,
reporting structures and responsibilities can be obtained via Dog Unit
Inspectors.

9. Transport of Police Dogs

9.1 The Service has a variety of police vehicles in service which are regularly used
for the transportation of Police Dogs.

9.2 Police Dog(s) should be carried in a vehicle where they are prevented from
being thrown forward during braking or in a collision. This would normally be
achieved by the provision of a properly installed dog guard capable of
withstanding the impact of a dog or by the installation of a cage secured within
the vehicle load carrying area. This applies equally to Police Vehicles and to
private cars being used to transport Police Dogs.

9.3 The space required will be dependent upon the size and number of dogs
carried but should allow the dog(s) to assume a relaxed position and permit
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them to turn and reposition themselves at will. The vehicle temperature and
ventilation experienced by the dogs should be the same as that experienced
by the passengers. Additionally, care must be taken to ensure that the dog(s)
are shielded from or can avoid direct sunlight, which may raise the body
temperature to an unacceptable level. The provision of ventilation should in
no way endanger persons outside the vehicle. Dog(s) must not be left in an
unattended vehicle unless appropriate measures for their safety and welfare
have been made i.e. water, temperature control, ventilation, prevention of
escape and injury to other persons have been catered for. This applies
equally to Police Vehicles and to personal cars being used to transport Police
Dogs.

9.4 In order to ensure the welfare of Police Dogs being transported within these
vehicles and to guard against the risk of dogs suffering from hyperthermia
(over heating) it is imperative that full consideration is given to the design of
cages and that best use is made of associated equipment (e.g. run-lock, vent
locks and air conditioning units, etc).

9.5 The vehicles will be kept clean and cages disinfected as required. The
responsibility for ensuring cleanliness will rest with Dog Handlers. Suitable
disinfectant for cleaning Police Dog Vans and Car cages will be available to all
handlers.

9.6 Under no circumstances will dangerous or stray dogs be carried in vehicles

used to transport Police Dogs.

10. Acquisition/Disposal/Retirement of Police Dogs

10.1 Acquisition

10.1.1 Police Scotland Dogs are sourced in a variety of ways. In each case, any dog
will be assessed by an accredited Instructor for suitability and assessed by a
vet in respect of the dog’s health and wellbeing before being considered for
training as a Police Dog.

10.1.2 All Police Dogs will remain the property of the Chief Constable until such time
as they are retired. All changes of ownership should be subject to contractual
undertakings by both parties.

10.2 Police Dog Pups

10.2.1 The Dog Unit Supervisors and Instructional Staff will be responsible for
identifying Dog Handlers or other ‘responsible persons’ to care for and rear
Police Dog Pups.

10.2.2 Socialisation with the Handler’s or other ‘responsible person’s’ family and
friends is an important part of the Pup’s development. This should only take
place in the presence of the handler or other ‘responsible person’ and with

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suitable caution. Having attained the age of nine months, when not under the
direct physical control of the handler, the pup will be kept in the kennel and run
provided.

10.2.3 The Accredited Dog Training Instructors will monitor and direct the
development of pups and provide continuous guidance to persons caring for
and rearing them.

10.3 Breeding Programme

10.3.1 Dog Unit Inspectors will be responsible for establishing and managing any
Police Dog Breeding Programme.

10.4 Retiral / Disposal

10.4.1 Police Dogs are retired from service for a variety of reasons, including:
 Completion of the dog's working life,
 The dog becoming unsuitable for operations’
 Grounds of ill health, or
 The handler's retirement or transfer.

10.4.2 The Dog Unit Inspectors are responsible for all decisions relating to the
retirement of dogs.

10.4.3 A Vet should examine all Police Dogs as they approach normal retirement
age, to determine whether they are fit to remain in operational service.
General Purpose Dogs will be examined on, or just before, their eighth
birthdays and Specialist Dogs will be examined on, or just before, their ninth
birthdays. Should they be assessed as being fit for operational service, six
monthly assessments should be undertaken thereafter.

10.4.4 Following veterinary advice the Dog Unit Inspectors may authorise dogs to
continue to work.

10.4.5 Where a Police Dog is carrying an ailment, which may lead to premature
retirement, the Dog Unit Sergeants will arrange for the dog to be examined by
a Vet.

10.4.6 In the above case Dog Unit Sergeants, after collating the evidence will arrange
for a report to be submitted to the local Dog Unit Inspector. The report will
include comment from the Vet and Handler of the dog concerned as well as an
Accredited Police Dog Instructor and conclude with a recommendation from
the Dog Unit Sergeant as to the dog's future.

10.5 Transferring Ownership of Retired Police Dogs

10.5.1 Ownership of a dog retired from duty may be transferred to the dog's Handler.
In this instance the Dog Handler must submit a request in the form of a
memorandum to the Dog Unit Inspector who will comment on the
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appropriateness of such an arrangement. In some cases a dog may be retired

to another person and again this is at the discretion of the Dog Unit
Inspectors.

10.5.2 The dog's new owner will assume responsibility for all costs associated with
care of the dog following change of ownership.

10.5.3 Where a new home is not identified for a retired Police Dog, a Dog Unit
Inspector will examine all re-homing options.

10.5.4 In all cases any new home will be vetted, undertaken by an Accredited Police
General Purpose Dog Instructor and the result of this process included in the
report submitted to a Dog Unit Inspector.

10.5.6 In exceptional circumstances where all attempts to successfully re-home a

retired Police Dog have been tried and failed it may be necessary to consider
euthanasia. It must be stressed that this would be a very last resort and this
final decision will be taken by the Nominated Officer.

10.6 Transferring Ownership of Dogs Permanently Withdrawn From Service

10.6.1 Dogs permanently withdrawn from service following failure of annual licensing
or at any time for efficiency or safety reasons are subject to the same transfer
of ownership conditions as described in the preceding paragraphs.

10.7 Transferring Ownership Of or Sale of Operational Dogs

10.7.1 In certain circumstances the Service may not be able to make use of a fully
operational or capable Police Dog. In such a case ownership of the dog may
be transferred or the dog may be sold.

10.8 Documentation for Sale, Retiral or Transfer of Ownership

10.8.1 In every case where a Police Dog is retired or ownership transferred the Dog
Unit Supervisor will complete and process the following documentation on
transferring ownership of a Police Dog:
 Dog Acquisition and Disposal of Dogs Record Form 135-043
 Change of Ownership Registration with Kennel Club;
 Change of Ownership Identichip Registration Form;
 Memorandum regarding any adjustment to Dog Handler's Allowance.

10.8.2 Dog Unit Supervisors will be responsible for retaining the Police Dog
Disclaimer relating to every case where a Police Dog is retired, transferred or
sold. These will be retained in accordance with the Record Retention SOP.

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11. Training and Assessment

11.1 Police Dogs will be trained in accordance with the requirements of the Police
Dog Training & Care Manual and the National Police Dog Assessment Model
(NPDAM) found within the Police Dog Manual of Guidance. All Dog Unit staff
are expected to be fully conversant with both of the above.

11.2 All initial Police Dog training courses for novice Dog Handlers together with
Explosive Search Dog Detection Team Refresher Courses and Firearms
Support Dog Refresher Courses will be delivered by instructional staff from the
Police Dog Training School at Pollok Park, Glasgow. Subject to approval by
the Dog Unit Nominated Officer, initial training courses for experienced staff
can be wholly or part delivered locally.

11.3 All other general and specialist refresher and continuation training may be
undertaken by local Dog Unit Instructors. It remains the responsibility of these
instructors for the maintenance of refresher and continuation training records
in consultation with the Training School.

11.4 The Dog Unit Inspector (Training) will be responsible for making all necessary
arrangements in respect of students who require residential accommodation
when attending courses.

11.5 Students who are residential on training courses are to kennel their Police
Dogs within the service kennel facility at Pollok Park.

Information has been removed due to its content being exempt in terms of the
Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002, Section 35 Law Enforcement.

12. Equipment
12.1 All equipment used should be appropriate to the task in hand and used by
appropriately trained officers.

12.2 Equipment may be divided into six categories:

 Personal Equipment;
 Kennel Equipment;
 Training Equipment;
 Protective Equipment;
 General Equipment; and
 Tactical Equipment.

12.3 Personal Clothing

12.3.1 All clothing issued to Dog Handlers must be appropriate to their role, and
provide suitable protection from the weather, and other risk-assessed hazards.
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12.4 Kennel Equipment

12.4.1 Handlers should be provided with a suitable kennel and a range of kennel
equipment, grooming equipment etc. The design and construction of the
kennel, and the range and type of cleaning and grooming equipment remains
at the discretion of the Service. Dog Unit Supervisors must ensure that there
is a suitable COSHH assessment for all products supplied and used by
handlers.

12.5 Training Equipment

12.5.1 All leashes, harnesses, collars etc must be of sufficient design to ensure that
the likelihood of breakage is minimised. Regular inspection of equipment by
supervisors/instructors is necessary in order to ensure that equipment remains
fit for purpose. Dog toys must be of a suitable size to ensure that the risk of
the dog swallowing the toy is minimised.

12.5.2 Equipment that is not approved for use in the training of Police Dogs includes
remote training collars designed to give an electric shock and Pinch Collars.
Remote collars that work by way of emitting a spray, sound or stimulation
other than an electric shock are suitable. Dog Unit Instructors are to be
encouraged to be innovative and develop and use equipment, methods and
techniques that improve the delivery and outcomes of training, balancing
those needs against the welfare of the dog.

12.6 Protective Equipment

12.6.1 The training of Police Dogs, in particular criminal work exercises, involves
physical risk and it is imperative that adequate protective equipment is
available to be worn. There is a wide choice of protective equipment available
for purchase.

12.6.2 Protective sleeves, full bite suits, scratch pants, muzzles etc may all have their
place in police dog training and the choice of equipment worn is to be based
upon the desired training outcome and the nature of the dog. A risk
assessment must always be carried out prior to the commencement of such
training.

12.7 Agility

12.7.1 The use of realistic and imaginative agility equipment designed to safely
assess the dog’s ability to negotiate practical obstacles, to be trained
alongside traditional agility equipment, Hurdle, Scale or A-Frame, Long Jump,
Window Jump, is to be encouraged.

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12.8 Firearms

12.8.1 A variety of firearms which, when fired, are capable of replicating operational
scenarios, should be made available. It is vital when carrying out such training
exercises that personal safety is the prime consideration and that ear
protection is worn by officers working in close proximity to the discharge of the
firearm. The firearm must not be discharged when there is a risk of close
proximity damage to the dog’s hearing.

12.9 First Aid

12.9.1 Appropriate measures to ensure suitable First Aid provision (with

commensurate training) should be made. This should include First Aid
provision for dogs. Consideration should be made to include First Aid kits in
vehicles and at training establishments, venues etc. Vehicles will carry
separate first aid kits one for human use and a further kit for dog use.

12.10 Tactical Equipment

12.10.1 The following list gives examples of common types of tactical equipment that
is known to be in current use and may be considered for purchase and
deployment by Dog Units:
 Cameras (dog mounted cameras, still or video) for reconnaissance and
briefing/de-briefing
 Ballistic vests (for dogs)
 Public Order kit (for dogs)

12.10.2 This is not an exhaustive list as new products are constantly being developed
in this field.

12.11 Muzzles

12.11.1 Police Scotland will not muzzle any operational Police Dog whilst undertaking
operational deployments.

12.11.2 Licensing assessments for all general purpose Police Dogs will continue in
accordance with the criteria contained within the National Police Dog
Assessment Model (contained within the Police Dog Manual of Guidance) and
muzzles will not be worn during any part of the testing.

13. Operational Deployment

13.1 The operational use of Police Dogs can be divided into three main areas:
 Search,
 Use of Force, and
 Community Relations / Events

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13.2 In certain circumstances, Police Dogs may not be appropriate to be used in

places of perceived sensitivity (see Police Scotland Diversity Booklet) and
Good Practice for Police Dog Operations in Areas of Sensitivity for further
guidance). Police dogs should only be used in intelligence-led operations, in
cases of extreme urgency or where a clear and credible threat exists. For
further information see Police Dog Manual of Guidance.

13.3 Dog Unit staff must fully understand The Human Rights Act 1998 and how
their actions can impact on a individuals rights, in particular Article (2) right to
life), Article 3 (prohibition of torture or inhumane or degrading treatment) and
Article 8 (right to respect for private and family life which includes physical and
psychological integrity. The guidance provided in the following paragraphs
must be considered prior to the deployment of police dogs.

13.4 Search

13.4.1 The purpose of the Dog Handler in searching will be to protect life by locating
a missing person, or to detect an offender by locating a hidden suspect, or to
detect crime and recover evidence by locating discarded property or detecting
other substances.

13.4.2 It is possible that in the conduct of a search, police action may interfere with
the provisions of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) and a
person’s right to privacy and security of person. This may be especially the
case where dogs are used to search in some faith related contexts. In such
situations it is imperative to consider whether other types of less intrusive ‘non
dog’ search are more appropriate to achieve the aim.

13.4.3 Any search must be lawful. A search of open ground, gardens, curtilages etc,
may be necessary to locate a missing person, hidden suspect or property
discarded or concealed following criminal activity.

13.4.4 In all cases the Handler must take all reasonable care to ensure that the use
of the Police Dog is practical and safe and does not cause damage to property
or injury to persons.

13.4.5 Levels of authorisation for search activity will vary depending on the nature of
the operation e.g. whether spontaneous or a pre-planned POLSA led search.

13.5 Use of Force

13.5.1 The deployment of Police Dogs has been integrated into the Use of Force
Continuum. General Purpose or Tactical Firearms Dogs can be deployed in
three categories that represent a use of force namely; Indirect, Interim and
Direct. All Use of Force Deployments of Police Dogs should be recorded as
per instructions contained within the Use of Force SOP.

(a) Indirect Deployment: Where the dog remains in the vehicle, perhaps on
the periphery of an incident. Such deployment can affect the behaviour of

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others by enhancing officer presence. (Reasonable Officer Response Option

(RORO) level 1). The visual and audible effect can also enhance Tactical
Communication (RORO level 2) and further affect or influence the behaviour
of others.

(b) Interim Deployment: Where the dog is out of the vehicle, on the lead,
perhaps behind a cordon, physical barrier or over-bridge. Such deployment
enhances officer presence and tactical communication and may be seen as a
Control Skill (RORO level 3) in the management or containment of a crowd.

(c) Direct Deployment: Where the dog is deployed in circumstances in which

it is possible, likely or intended that the dog will bite. A General Purpose or
tactical Firearms Dog may be directly deployed as a:
 Control Skill (Reasonable Officer Response Option level 3) to prevent the
escape of a person suspected of having committed a serious crime who is
actively resisting (Profiled Offender Behaviour (POB) level 4) arrest by
fleeing, but only where other options have been tried and proved
ineffective or were considered but were deemed inappropriate
(preclusion).
 Defensive tactic (RORO level 4) to defend the handler or others against
assault (POB level 5) or serious / aggravated (POB level 6) resistance.
 In all cases the direct deployment of the Police Dog must be proportional
to accomplish the lawful purpose.

13.5.2 Levels of authorisation for use of force deployment will vary depending on the
nature of the operation e.g. whether spontaneous or a pre-planned Public
Order or Firearms Operation.

13.6 Crowd Control

13.6.1 The use of Police Dogs in connection with disorder, and crowd control
situations is a very delicate matter and the decision to deploy should involve
the Dog Handlers who will know best the limitations and capabilities of their
own dogs. The Handler must advise the senior officer present of the capability
and limitations of the dog.

13.6.2 There are many factors which must be considered, such as:
 Use of police dogs may inflame the situation,
 Injuries to persons involved are likely,
 The number of dogs available may be insufficient,
 Individual dogs may not be suitable in temperament.

13.6.3 Where circumstances allow, liaison should take place between a Dog Unit
Supervisor and a local policing area supervisory officer as to the merits of
using Police Dogs.

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13.6.4 The dog should be kept on a lead at all times and a warning should be given
before dogs are deployed.

13.7 Sporting Events, Marches, Political / Industrial Disputes

13.7.1 Police Dogs may be deployed indirectly or interim to secure certain areas.
Car parks, railway stations, over-bridges and vulnerable premises can be
protected by the presence of Police Dogs. Depending on the nature of the
event, Police Dog deployment may be in the interest of public safety,
protection of life or the prevention of crime.

13.7.2 The use of Police Dogs inside football grounds is not generally advocated
unless there are exceptional circumstances, and this must be at the discretion
of the Match Commander.

13.8 Large Scale Disorder

13.8.1 A clear distinction must be drawn between everyday disorder and large-scale
public disorder. Guidelines and tactics governing how the Police Service deal
with the latter are clearly defined in the National Police Dog Public Order
Tactics guidance.

13.8.2 Police Dogs may be used for a variety of tactical options including:
 Police Dogs guarding vulnerable property;
 Police Dogs used to contain and isolate areas during period of disorder;
 Dispersing small hostile groups using a minimum number of dogs;
 Handlers and dogs in self-contained teams using adapted vehicles; and
 The withdrawal of Police Dogs and Handlers as a step to restoring
normality.

13.8.3 These options should be considered at an early stage along with the other
options so that dog/handler teams are an integral part of the plan and not an
isolated option.

13.8.4 The following should be taken into account prior to deploying Police Dogs in
public order situations:
 A clear warning should be given that Police Dogs are to be deployed;
 Be aware of the publicity use of dogs attracts;
 As far as possible ensure that dogs will not be used in areas where a lot of
innocent people may be gathered;
 If a Handler is injured, then his/her dog will protect him/her from
aggressors and rescuers alike; and
 Broken glass and sustained petrol bombing will reduce the effectiveness of
the dog units whilst deployed on foot patrol.

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13.8.5 A team of between four and six Police Dogs and Handlers with a Police Dog
Supervisor with the relevant experience has been agreed to be the most
effective way of deploying dogs in these situations.

13.8.6 This supervisor will not have a dog when deployed, as they would be in the
best position to deal with a police dog should anything happen to a Handler
during the time of deployment. If a supervisor is not available then the senior
Dog Handler at the time of the call will take on this role.

13.9 Firearms Operations

13.9.1 Police Dogs and Handlers will be deployed in accordance with the Armed
Policing Operations SOP.

13.10 Tactical Communication

13.10.1 In cases where a Police Dog is deployed off-lead operationally, the Handler is
required to issue verbal advice / warnings, repeating as often as necessary
and practicable. For further instruction in relation to this see Police Dogs
Manual of Guidance.

13.11 Community Relations / Events

13.11.1 The Police in Scotland have a long history of involvement in community events
either as a 'static' display or as part of a full display of dog handling skills.
Police Dogs are a very popular attraction and the benefits to the Service in
terms of community relations, positive publicity and public reassurance is
immeasurable.

13.11.2 In order to maintain a safe approach, the terms of the Generic Risk
Assessments relating to these types of events will be fully adhered to with a
further assessment of risk relating to the specific event being completed by the
Dog Unit Supervisor and Dog Handlers.

13.11.3 Dog Handlers will not take part in any community event or demonstration
unless authorised by a Dog Unit Supervisor.

14. Police Dog Bite Reporting

14.1 All Police Dog Handlers must have a good working knowledge of the National
Decision Making Model (NDM). It is imperative that Handlers are able to
articulate the process involved when recording their rationale following a
deployment where there has been a bite by their Police Dog. When producing
and writing reports and verbal statements officers should be able to evidence
suitable justification through reference to the NDM.

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14.2 Records relating to Police Dog Bites will be kept centrally and monitored to
ensure satisfactory standards are maintained. A “Bite Register” will be kept to
assist monitoring and strategic assessment of this area. The register will be
kept by the service “Nominated Officer”.

14.3 Any injury to persons or damage to property by a Police Dog must be reported
to Dog Unit Supervisory staff and forwarded to the Nominated Officer who will
consider the circumstances.

14.4 In any circumstances (on or off duty) where a police dog causes injury to a
person, or damage to property the incident must be reported to Dog Unit
Supervisors. Additionally the incident must be recorded on STORM or
equivalent Command and Control System with the circumstances being
documented. For on duty incidents the Dog Handler must submit an Incident
of Note regarding the incident prior to going off duty.

14.5 Where a person has been bitten, regardless of injury, or a Police Dog
deployed with the intention of biting a suspect, a Dog Unit Sergeant will
investigate the incident and prepare a report by completion of the Police Dog
Bite Debrief Report form for the information of the Nominated Officer. The
Police Dog Bite Debrief Report will be submitted to the local Dog Unit
Inspector following debrief with the Handler. This report is to be submitted
within ten days of the bite incident. On receipt of the report the Dog Unit
Inspector must complete the relevant sections and submit the report within a
seven day period to the local Specialist Services, Chief Inspector.

14.6 Due to the risk of infection, all persons bitten should be advised to seek
medical attention.

14.7 Where persons who have been bitten are arrested, the Custody Officer must
be notified of the dog bite. The Custody Officer will record all injuries and
arrange for medical attention in line the procedures contained within the Care
and Welfare of Persons in Police Custody SOP.

14.8 Line managers should also consider whether any deployment was reasonable,
necessary and proportionate. Dog bite incidents should not only be looked at
in isolation. The dog bite history for the team should be considered to identify
any traits or patterns which may indicate that additional training is required for
the Police Dog and/or handler.

15. Dangerous Dogs

15.1 Dog Handlers with suitable protective equipment may be able to provide
assistance and advice at incidents involving Dangerous Dogs.

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16. Risk Assessment

16.1 The Police Service of Scotland will use a combination of risk management,
high quality instruction and good equipment management to endeavour to
eliminate, or reduce to the lowest practical level, the risks presented by
identified hazards.

16.2 Dog Handlers engage in Police Dog duties in the knowledge that there is an
element of physical exertion required in, and risk associated with, those
duties.

16.3 Every Dog Handler must always be aware of their own health and safety and
dynamically risk assess any duties they are to perform. This will include
where they require to convey their dogs in private vehicles. There are Generic
Risk Assessments associated with the role, which all Handlers must be
familiar with.

17. Review of Post

17.1 Each Handler will be reviewed at the conclusion of the natural working life of
each Dog they handle. Officers deemed to be working at a satisfactory
standard will be considered for allocation of further dog(s). In normal
circumstances the working life of two General Purpose (GP) Dogs will be
considered the maximum time a Handler will remain within the Dog Unit. The
allocation of a second GP Dog is not automatic and will be subject to
management scrutiny and decision.

17.2 Should any Handler possess the requisite skills for training as an Instructor
they may be considered for retention in the Dog Unit beyond the working life of
two dogs.

17.3 In circumstances where an officer is being rotated out of the Dog Unit, Senior
Management within Specialist Operations will determine the suitability for any
Police Dog handled by that officer to be either reallocated to another Handler,
retired into the care of the existing Handler or otherwise rehomed.

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Appendix ‘A’

List of Associated Legislation

 Human Rights Act, 1998

 Equality Act 2010
 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974

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Appendix ‘B’

List of Associated Reference Documents

Policy

 Specialist Operations Policy

Standard Operating Procedures

 Armed Policing Operations SOP

 Record Retention SOP
 Care and Welfare of Persons in Police Custody SOP
 Use of Force SOP
 Disability in Employment SOP
 Adoption, Maternity and Paternity (Police Officers and Authority/Police Staff) SOP
 Shared Parental Leave (Police Officers and Authority/Police Staff) SOP

Reference Documents

 Police Dog Manual of Guidance

 Good Practice for Police Dog Operations in Areas of Sensitivity
 National Police Dog Public Order Tactics
 D-001 Dog Handling Generic Risk Assessment
 Police Scotland Diversity Booklet – A Practical Guide

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Appendix ‘C’

List of Associated Forms

 Dog Acquisition and Disposal of Dogs Record Form 135-043

 Police Dog Bite Debrief Report Form 135-049

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